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Pericardium and external features of the heart. Dr. Nivin Sharaf MD LMCC- Pediatrics. By the end of this lectures the students should be able to: Discuss the gross anatomy of the pericardium Identify pericardial sac Differentiate between terms: serous pericardium, fibrous pericardium - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Dr. Nivin Sharaf MD
LMCC- Pediatrics
*Pericardium and external features of the heart
*Objectives
By the end of this lectures the students should be able to:
-Discuss the gross anatomy of the pericardium
- Identify pericardial sac
-Differentiate between terms: serous pericardium, fibrous pericardium
- Recognize the importance of pericardial sinuses
*Definition
*Pericardium is a fibro serous sac that encloses the heart and the roots of the great vessels
*Extends between 2nd- 6th costal cartilages
*Anterior to 5th to 8th Thoracic vertebrae
*Pericardium/ layers
*Fibrous Pericardium
*Strong fibrous part of the sac
*Firmly attached below to the central tendon of diaphragm
*Attached to the back of the sternum by sterno pericadial ligament
*Fuses with the outer coats of the great blood vessles, that pass through it
*Aorta, pulmonary trunk, SVC, IVC, & Pulmonary veins
Fibrous Pericardium..notice
the central tendon of the diaphrgm
*Serous Pericardium
*LINES the fibrous pericardium, and COATS the heart
*DIVIDED INTO:
*Parietal “ wall”
*Visceral “ organ”
*Layers
*Visceral layer is closely applied to the heart and is also called “ EPICARDIUM”
*Pericardial cavity
*The space between the 2 layers of the serous pericardium
*Usually contains small amount of pericardial fluid “ about 50 ml”
*Pericardial fluid acts as lubricant to ease movements of the heart
1- Heart2- Fibrous pericardium3- Parietal layer of serous pericardium4- Visceral layer of serous pericardium5- Pericardial space6- Pleural cavity and lung
*Pericardial sinuses
*Oblique sinus:
*Reflection of the serous pericardium around the large veins forming a recess (posterior surface of the heart)
*Transverse Sinus:
*Passage that lies between the reflection of serous pericardium around the Aorta, and the Pulmonary trunk, and the reflection around the large veins
*Pericardial sinuses
*Nerve Supply of the Pericardium
*Fibrous pericardium, and the parietal layer of the Serous pericardium” Phrenic N.”
*Visceral layer of the serous pericardium “Vagus N., and the Sympathetic trunks”
*Refernces
*Clinical Anatomy by systems : RICHARD S. SNELL
*Recommended readings:P 154-158
*Images from :* anatomytopics.wordpress.com
* www.medicalstudent.com
* www.googleimages.com