Perawatan Sumur, Perforasi, Kerja Ulang Pengasaman, & Fracture

TEKNIK PRODUKSI NO : TP.05.05

JUDUL : STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

SUB JUDUL : Perawatan Sumur dan Kerja-Ulang Khusus Pengasaman, Fracturing dan Perforasi

Halaman : 1 / 16 Revisi/Thn : 2 / Juli 2003

Manajemen Produksi Hulu

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE

Perawatan Sumur dan Kerja-Ulang Khusus Pengasaman, Fracturing dan Perforasi

1. Pengasaman

Membuat rencana penempatan peralatan untuk masing-masing lokasi dan mereview rencana tsb bersama-

sama supervisor rig dan perusahaan pengasaman sebelum membawa rig perawatan sumur dan peralatan

pengasaman ke lokasi. Memastikan bahwa tata-letak peralatan sesuai dengan panduan penempatan.

Melakukan rapat keselamatan pra-kerja dan mereview program perawatan sumur dengan perusahaan

pengasaman dan staf rig perawatan sumur. Mereview Lembaran Data Keamanan Bahan (MSDS) untuk

bahan-bahan yang akan ditangani.

Memberitahu Bagian S&E, 24 jam sebelum melakukan pengasaman untuk pemasangan safety shower dan

alat pemadam api di lokasi.

Mengikuti Checklist keselamatan kerja dan kontrol kualitas dari JOB.

Mengikuti panduan dari perusahaan pengasaman untuk penanganan cairan yang mudah berkarat dan

mudah terbakar dengan aman.

1.2 Perekahan

Membuat rencana penempatan peralatan untuk masing-masing lokasi dan mereview rencana tsb bersama-

sama supervisor rig dan perusahaan perekahan sebelum membawa rig perawatan sumur dan peralatan

perekahan ke lokasi. Memastikan bahwa tata-letak peralatan sesuai dengan panduan penempatan.

Mengadakan rapat keselamatan pra-kerja dan mereview program perawatan sumur dengan perusahaan

perawat sumur dan staf rig perawatan sumur.






Memberitahu Bagian S&E 24 jam sebelum melakukan pekerjaan untuk memasang safety shower dan alat

pemadam api ke lokasi.

Mengikuti checklist keselamtan kerja dan pengontrol kualitas JOB.

Mengikuti panduan perusahaan perekahan untuk penanganan cairan yang bisa menimbulkan karat dan

mudah terbakar secara aman

Catatan: Lampirkan copy dari SOP ini ke dalam masing-masing program kerja-ulang sumur.

1.3 Perforasi Tubing Conveyed and Wireline Conveyed

Mengadakan rapat keselamatan pra-kerja dan mereview program perawatan sumur dengan perusahaan

perforasi dan staf rig perawatan sumur.

Mengikuti panduan perusahaan perforasi untuk penanganan bahan peledak secara aman

Mereview checklist pekerjaan perusahaan perawatan sumur sebelum dan selama JOB.

Pastikan ketinggian fluida 100 m di atas zona yang akan diperforasi. Lakukan pengecekan kedalaman

fluida sebelum memasang packer.

Setelah peledakan TCP gun, gun jangan dilepas dari tubing tanpa diskusi dan persetujuan tertulis dari

kepala engineering.






Fracturing Candidate Selection Check List

WellFrac Candidate RatingAdditional Work Required To Frac Zone

Common Items to all zones Y/N Note Detail Action RequiredCement:

1 Condition of cement, above and below zone of interest2 Top of cement3 Any squeeze perforations in wellbore4 Liner cemented or not5 Thief zones or wash out present

Wellbore:6 Evidence of casing damage or previous repair7 Wellbore debris present that may affect frac8 Well deviation at zone of interest9 Casing size & weight

10 Condition of casing above & below zone of interest11 History of milling & drilling above & below zone of interest12 Liner size & weight13 Condition & location of liner14 Sufficient blank casing for setting tools15 Date of last perforation in zone of interest16 Total area of perforations (min. 14.8 in.sq)

Reservoir:17 Well location to faults18 Well location to nearest wells19 Shale present above & below zone of interest20 Shale thickness above & below zone of interest21 Reservoir pressure22 Adequate injector support23 Current production & estimate future production

Treatment:24 Previous treatments 25 Screen out expected or not26 Expected leak off (high/low)27 Anticipated surface treating pressure28 Target height29 Lithology30 Zone barriers present or not31 Frac history of nearest wells

Surface:32 Resident distance to wellsite33 Wellsite adequate for W/O equipment34 Adequate access road to wellsite35 Wellhead & equipment condition36 Wellhead size & rating

Lifting Equipment:37 Lift equipment required following treatment

Definition of Rating:1 Recommended: normal operation2 Recommended: additional work required, low risk (ie. 'C' zone isolation)3 Recommended: additional work required, medium risk and/or medium cost (ie.

repair bond above or below zone / upper casing leak)4 Recommended: additonal work required high risk and/or high cost (ie. casing

liner or high oil production in adjacent zones at risk of damage from operation)5 Not recommended: additional work required with high riskand/or high cost.

Equipment and/or services not available or under contract.






Location :

Date :

Item Check

01. Compact Rig up, minimum iron used 02. Safe, practical distance from wellhead 03. Master valve properly installed on main line 04. Pressure transducer at or near wellhead 05. Lines properly staked, including bleed off and forced closure lines 06. All iron should be flexible 07. Check valve on each pump pretested before each job 08. Check for sufficient suction hose and evaluate velocity per hose 09. Check horsepower and plunger size of pumps on location 10. Check flow monitoring equipment before job 11. Adequate hose on suction and discharge side of blender

12. Estimate available fluid removeable from tank 13. Pressure test all iron at 100 psi above anticipated treatment pressure 14. All fuel tanks full 15. Flush all hoses and lines including to wellhead with clean water 16. Inspect wellhead & piping for any unsuitable low pressure connections 17. Check/Relief Valve installed properly on Annulus

CapacityDead Volume

(bottom)Tank Gaugebefore job

Tank gauge atend of job

Fluid volumePumped

Rated HHP ofpump

Plunger Diameter Stroke Capacity, bpmHHP requiredfor fract job

04.

05.

Notes

Hydraulic Horsepower = psi x bbl/min x .02456

1

2

3

4

Maximum RPM

0

07.

08.

09.

Pump #

Fracturing Check List #1 - Rig Up

Tank #

01.

02.

5- 4" hoses on suction req'd, 1per 5 bpm

3 - 4" hoses on discharge req'd.

03.

Available Fluid

On Site Test Pressure

10.

06.

Pump #

2

3

4

1






Location :

Date :

Item Check

Equipment Needed on Job Site 01 Workover program 02 Treatment program 03 Well logs with collars and perforatons indicated 04 Steel tank gauge tape 05 Engineer's handbook and calculator 06 Service Company reference tables 07 Containers for samples and felt tip marking pens

have 100 500 ml or 1000 ml containers on hand 08 5 gal pail for forced closure flow back rate gauge 09 Quality control forms 10 Viscometer and hot water bath 11 Water test equipment

pH paper themometer iron test kit phosphate test kit total dissolved solids tester reducing agent tester chloride test kit

The Day Before the Job

01 Sufficient tank capacity for entire job? Volume Required _____ bbl 02 Tanks clean? 03 Water potasium chloride and sodium chloride content OK? 04 Tanks full? 05 Water Clean? - take dipper sample from each tank 06 No leaking valves on tanks? 07 Pre-gel quality control of frac fluid conducted? 08 Fill out quality control tables 1,2,3,4,5 09 Sand bins full? 10 Correct sand type? 11 Check sand for fines 12 Review sand and fluid schedules with service company supervisor 13 Additives on location? 14 Densitometer on location and functioning? 15 Review rig up check list 16 Arrange for testing of gelled fluids 17 Arrange for receipt of tables 1,3,6,7,8,9,10 2 hours before pump time 18 Establish maximum treating pressure _____ psi 19 Calculate expected surface treating pressure _____ psi

Fracturing Check List #2 - Supervision






Location :

Date :

Item Check

01 Review sand and fluid schedules with service company supervisor 02 Review Rig Up check list and Day Before the Job check list 03 Receive and discuss Quality Control Tables 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 04 Volumes will be recorded as clean _______ or dirty (includes sand) _______?

dirty volume bbl = clean volume bbl + (lb. sand x .00109) 05 Finalize pumping schedule on Table 8. 06 Gauge all tanks after mixing gel and rolling tanks. Use Table 4 07 Tank numbers organized in the order that they will be drained? 08 Review with service company supervisor and treater consequences

of losing suction on blender

09 Gauge sand volume in bins. Use Table 5 10 Fill in Table 8 11 Fill in Table 6 12 Fill in Table 9 13 Fill in Table 1 for each tank of gelled fluid 14 List which additives will be added on the fly:

a. BF-7L b. XLW-56 c. GBW-12 d.

15 All tanks premixed with necessary additives? 16 For crosslinked gel, sample each tank and add crosslinker to check for cross linking 17 Fire fighting equipment on location 18 Pump during daylight hours only. 19 Check Casing PSV properly installed and valves properly positioned 20 Hold pre job safety meeting in a quiet location where everone can hear.

Designate safe gathering area. Take head count of all personnel on site. Wear hearing and eye protection, hard hats, safety shoes.

Post Job Review and Summary

Plan Actual Plan Actual Plan Actual

01 Fluid Volume, bbl

02 Sand, lb

03 Additives used:

a. X-Cide 102 (gal)

b. KCl (lbs)

c. GW-27 (lbs)

d. BF-3 (lbs)

e. NE-18 (gal)

f. BF-7L (gal)

g. XLW-56 (gal)

h. GBW-12 (gal)

i.

j.

Step Rate Test Mini Frac Main Frac

Fracturing Check List #3 - Just Before the Job






TankNumber

Type FluidFluidTemp.(deg F)

pHChlorides

(ppm)Clean?

Iron(ppm)

Sulfate TDS (ppm)Reducing

Agent(+ or -)

Acceptable Levels

pH 6 - 8 Chlorides < 20,000 Bacteria nil

Temp 60 - 90 Iron < 20 ppm TDS < 50,000

Clean Yes Reducing Agent Negative

TankNumber

pHChlorides

(ppm)Viscosity

Base Gel ( Linear Gel ) Analysis - Table 2

Step Rate Test

Main Fract

Type Fluid Fluid Temp. (deg F)

Base Fluid Water Analysis - Table 1

Step Rate Test

Mini Fract

Crosslink Time (min)

Main Fract

Mini Fract






PercentOn

PercentOn

PercentOn

PercentOn

PercentOn

PercentOn

PercentOn

* The amount that can be pumped out of tanks will vary. You normally will leave 30 - 50 Bbls

0Total

Frac Tank Tracking Chart - Table 4

Step Rate Test and Mini Frac

Tank No.

Main Frac

Total

Gauged Volume in Tank(Bbls)

Pumpable Volume* inTank (Bbls)

Volume on Location After Treatment(Bbls)

Tank No.Gauged Volume in Tank

(Bbls)Pumpable Volume* in

Tank (Bbls)Volume on Location After Treatment

(Bbls)

Step Rate Test

Mini Fract

35

Compartment No.

Proppant Type

Sieves Size

8

16

20

25

30

14

Proppant Sieve Analysis - Table 3

140

Pan

60

80

100

120

40

10

12






Total Volume: Buffer On site (BF-7L) : bbls

Cross-linker On Site (XLW-56) : bbls Breaker On Site (GBW-12) : bbls

Cross-linker Addition Rate : Breaker Addition Rate :

XLW - 56(gals)

GBW - 12(gals)

BF - 7L (gals)XLW - 56

(gals)GBW - 12

(gals)BF - 7L (gals)

Mini Frac

Main Frac

Stg #

Total Cross -linker Used :

Mini MainTotal BreakerUsed :

Mini Main

Buffer Used :

Volume RemainingStage

Stage Volume(gals)

Compartment No.

01

02

Volume Used

Total Proppant Used :

Type ProppantGauged Quantity InCompartment (lbs)

0

Proppant Remaining AfterTreatment (lbs)

Proppant Tracking Chart - Table 5

Cross-linker and Breaker Tracking Chart - Table 6

0






Type of Fracturing Fluid : Type of Proppant :

Amount of Fracturing Mini Main Amount of Proppant Mini Main

Fluid on Location

Beginning of Job : Beginning of Job :

End of Job : End of Job :

Type of Prepad & Flush Pre-Job Time: Mini Main

Safety Meeting

Amount of Prepad and Flush on Location Remarks : Mini Main

Beginning of Job :

End of Job :

Products Added on the Fly: Products Batch Mixed:

Job Recap: Mini Main Job Recap Mini Main

Average Rate, BPM ISIP psi

Average Pressure,psi Frac Gradient, psi/ft

Maximum Rate, psi Total Proppant pumped, lbs

Maximum Pressure, psi Total Fluid to Recover, bbls

Remarks:

Mini

Main

Job Started :

Job Completed :

Treatment Information

Job Summary - Table 7






Cross-linked

FluidVolumes

SandVolumes

Mini

Main

Stg #

Salts Added: type: Amount / 1000gal

Base Gel: type: Amount / 1000gal

Cross - linker : type: Amount / 1000gal

Bactericide : type: Amount / 1000gal

Surfactant : type: Amount / 1000gal

Buffer : type: Amount / 1000gal

Breaker : type: Amount / 1000gal

Fluid Loss : type: Amount / 1000gal

Salts Added: Type Amount / 1000gal

Base Gel: Type Amount / 1000gal

Cross - linker : Type Amount / 1000gal

Bactericide : Type Amount / 1000gal

Surfactant : Type Amount / 1000gal

Buffer : Type Amount / 1000gal

Breaker : Type Amount / 1000gal

Fluid Loss : Type Amount / 1000gal

Type

Salts

Base Gel

Biocide

Surfactant

Buffer 1

Buffer 2

Amount Pre-job

Fluid Type :

Base Fluid :

Amount Post-job

Proposed Pumping Schedule - Table 8

Frac Fluid Components - Table 9

During Treatment ChecksStage Type Fluid

Clean StageVolume

Dirty StageVolume

ProppantConcentrati

on (ppg)

ProppantStage

Volume(lbs)

ProppantRemaining

(lbs)

Fluid Type :

Base Fluid :






Frac Via Tubing Casing Annulus Lower Upper

Casing Volume to perf:Lower Upper

Total Flush Volume:

Casing Size & Weight : Lower Upper

Size: inch Weight: ppf Perforations:

Lower Upper Lower Upper Lower Upper

SITP SICP ISIP

Tested Frac Lines To : psi Pressured Tubing-Casing Annulus To: psi

Time Fluid TypeClean Volume

(bbl)Dirty Volume

(bbl)Rate (BPM)

Casing Pres.(psi)

Sand Conc.(ppg)

Fracture Treatment Summary Sheet - Table 10

Remarks






Test No. : Test No. : Test No. :

Fluid Type : Fluid Type : Fluid Type :

Temperature : Temperature : Temperature :

Bob Size : Bob Size : Bob Size :

RPM : RPM : RPM :

Time(mins)

Dial Reading App. Vis.Time

(mins)Dial Reading App. Vis.

Time(mins)

DialReading

App. Vis.

Test No. : Test No. : Test No. :

Fluid Type : Fluid Type : Fluid Type :

Temperature : Temperature : Temperature :

Bob Size : Bob Size : Bob Size :

RPM : RPM : RPM :

Time(mins)

Dial Reading App. Vis.Time

(mins)Dial Reading App. Vis.

Time(mins)

DialReading

App. Vis.

Breaker Loading Tests - Table 11






Frac Equipment Data

Size BrandRecommend

Min. WallThickness

Lowest WallThickness

Avg. WallThickness

OperatingPressure Test Pressure Test Date

BJ Equipment

Surface EquipmentTreatment line:

Straight joint - 12 ft 3" SPM 0.220 0.264 0.297 15,000 22,500 2001Straight joint - 10 ft 3" SPM 0.220 0.304 0.514 15,000 22,500 2001Straight joint - 8 ft 3" SPM 0.220 0.320 0.332 15,000 22,500 2001Straight joint - 6 ft 3" SPM 0.220 0.372 0.387 15,000 22,500 2001Pup joint 3" SPM 0.220 0.326 0.428 15,000 22,500 2001

Pressure relief valves: 3" x 3" BJ 15,000 22,500 20013" x 2" SPM 15,000 22,500 2001

Manifolds:Check valves: 3" SPM 0.330 0.922 1.052 15,000 22,500 2001Y lateral 3" SPM 0.360 0.655 1.280 15,000 22,500 2001Double wing chiksan - 3 way 3" SPM 0.330 0.562 0.626 15,000 22,500 2001Single wing chiksan - 3 way 3" SPM 0.330 0.544 0.644 15,000 22,500 2001Single wing chiksan - 2 way 3" SPM 0.330 0.499 0.649 15,000 22,500 2001Hummer valve (fullbore) 3" SPM 15,000 22,500Hummer valve (fullbore) 2" SPM 15,000 22,500

Densitometers 3" TEXAS 15,000 22,500Master valve (plug type): 3" SPM 15,000 22,500

Downhole Tools:Packers:

CST 4-1/2" Wheaterford 10,000CST 7" Wheaterford 10,000

RBPPSTG2 4-1/2" Wheaterford 10,000PSTG2 7" Wheaterford 10,000

JOB Equipment

Size Brand OperatingPressure Test Pressure

Surface EquipmentWireline/ Slick line equipment:

Stuffing box 3" Otis 10,000 15,000Lubricators: 3" Otis 5,000 10,000

2-1/2" Otis 5,000 10,000Slick Line BOP: 3" Otis 5,000 10,000

Master valve:Gate valve 3" 5M: 3" Baker 5,000 10,000Adapter Flanges, 3-1/16" x 11" x 3M: R-31/ R-45 3,000Union Couplings, EU: 3-1/2" 6,980 6,980Pipe Nipple (J-55, 9.5 ppf, EU): 3-1/2" 6,980 6,980

Tubulars:Frac tubing, 9.3 ppf, J55, EUE: 3-1/2" 6,980 6,980Casing:

K55, API standard 4-1/2" - 11.6# 5,350 5,350K55, API standard 4-1/2" - 13.5# 9,020 9,020K55, API standard 4-3/4" - 16.0# N/A N/AK55, API standard 6-5/8" - 20# 4,180 4,180K55, API standard 7" - 20# 4,360 4,360K55, API standard 7" - 23# 4,980 4,980

Packer:CST 7" - 17 - 23# 10,000HD 4-1/2" 9 - 13# 7,000

6-5/8" 17 - 23# 10,0007" - 17 - 23# 10,000

RBP: 4-1/2" 9 - 13# 7,0006-5/8" 17 - 23# 10,0007" - 17 - 23# 10,000

Equipment






Frac Layout

Remarks:1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 : Tank

2 : Blender Engine & Panel3 : Liquid Additive System4 : Mixing Tube5 : Sand Auger6 : Sand Silo7 : Pump8 : Ground Pit9 : Check Valve

2 3 4 5 6 10 : Frac Van2" Bleed off Line 11 : Main Treating Line

12 : Master Valve13 : Relief Valve14 : Radioactive Densitometer15 : Pressure Transducer

7 7 16 : Flexible Hose 9 9 17 : Bleed Off Valve

7 7 9 9

15

14 13 12 10

15

11

Well

16

1616

16

16

17

Documents

Perawatan Sumur, Perforasi, Kerja Ulang Pengasaman, & Fracture