Pakpak Bharat North Sumatra-Indonesia · Pakpak Bharat North Sumatra-Indonesia ... Questionnaire Survey Summary 18 ... This eruption causes the cone to collapsed and created Lake

Project Plan Conservation Education Campaign

Pakpak Bharat North Sumatra-Indonesia

Bright Pakpak Nature, Bright my Future

Akbar Ario Digdo Conservation International Indonesia

Medan Office

July 2004

Pakpak Bharat Project Plan 2

Table of contents 2Background 3Physical Site 3

• Definition of site • Physical region

3

People 4• Economy and infrastructure 4

Biodiversity 5• Characteristics of the forests 5• Plantation/clan tenure forest 7• Fauna & Flora of Pakpak as

the part of Leuser Ecosystem 7

Conservation History 8Conservation Area Management 9Stakeholder meetings 11Questionnaire Survey Summary 18Flagship Species Summary 28Pakpak Bharat Project Plan 31Pakpak Bharat Monitoring Plan 54Project Timeline 55References 59Acknowledgements 63


I. Background Pakpak Bharat is a new district initiated at 25 June 2003. At the moment, definitive governance does not exist at Pakpak Bharat yet, only temporary government. The local government will be fully operational after election at the end of 2004.Pakpak Bharat is located in southwest part of North Sumatra province, Indonesia. Pakpak Bharat consisted of three sub district of Salak, Sitelu Tali Urang Jehe (STUJ) and Kerajaan. In the future Pakpak Bharat will be divided into nine subdistricts.1 The topography area is dominated by hilly-mountainous terrain, with elevation ranged from 400 to 1800 in some peaks, like Delleng (mount) Siranggas, Delleng Sibaulangit, Delleng Raja and Delleng Simpon. Once covered 100% by forests, now this area is torn apart by previously (1970’s) logging activities. However, Pakpak Bharat still has the pristine forests areas, especially in the mountainous area of Pakpak Bharat. The other factor is the hilly landscape which makes it difficult for further large scale logging.2 In 2001 the area suffered major landslide. Several villages destroyed and many lives were lost and the only access road was blocked for several days. From this disaster some people learn that damaged environment may cause disaster like landslide. At the other side people do not know how to restore the damaged forests and do not see any real actions from the government. II. Physical Site Definition of Site The site is Pakpak Bharat district, which next to Leuser Ecosystem, with total area 1,218.30 km2. The western part borders with Aceh Province, northern part with Dairi district, eastern part with Humbang Hasundutan and Toba Samosir districts while the southern part with Central Tapanuli (see p. 6 for map image). Physical Region Pakpak ground elevation ranges from 400-1800 m above sea level, with hilly topography and streams which cut the landscape. The climate generally wet and rain could be extensive throughout the year little distinction between rainy and dry season, with annual rainfall 3000-4000mm (Provincial Office of North Sumatra, 2003) Geologically this area is a very active, which characterized by the presence of active volcanoes and some geological features such as fault and caldera lake. Leuser ecosystem at least has two active volcanoes, Mt. Sibayak and Mt Sinabung, which is located about 90km from the site. The area also geologically young, as the result of the eruption of Toba volcano 75,000 years ago, which spreads igneous rocks throughout the area. In some area the soil is so thin and prevents extensive vegetation to grow upon it. This eruption causes the cone to collapsed and created Lake Toba, a 30km wide and 100km long caldera lake.

1 Personal communication with Kadir Tumangger, reporter of local newspapers 2 Personal communication with Ebdi Berutu, clan respective person


III. People Pakpak Bharat is dominated by single major group of Batak Pakpak, with total populations around 40,000. Pakpak people consists of several clans which still implementing their traditional practices. Pakpak clans consist of several clans, e.g.: Berutu, Manik, Boang Manalu, Banurea, Padang, Solin and Tumangger. Every clan of Pakpak uses the single, common system of traditional law, land tenure and customs; although there are several differences between clans.3 Traditional system and customary are the strongest bonds in Pakpak Bharat. These bonds are far stronger than any differences, such as political, religion and any other differences may occur. Almost every dispute settled down using traditional law, although they are well thought people. Education is considered as important thing. Regardless their modest livelihood, they send their children away for higher education in Medan, or even as far as Yogyakarta in Central Java. Economy and Infrastructure People of Pakpak Bharat rely heavily on farming sector, uses the openings or cleared forest area. The farmland located between the mountains, where the terrain is easier to manage as farmland. The farming sector is dominated by cash crops like rice, corn and cassava. There are also farmland for coffee, cacao, mango, orange and pineapple (pers. Obsv). From agroforestry sector people of Pakpak Bharat benefits from benzoin, cinnamon, resin, candlenut, nutmeg, palm sugar and durians and honey from bee farming. Main problems to the areas are insufficient infrastructure. Available road is very limited, while telephone communications only reach three towns in Pakpak Bharat (Salak, Sibande and Sukaramai) and no available gas station at the moment. These problems really hinder Pakpak from advancing. Hopefully in the near future this problem will be solved by local government of Pakpak Bharat. Table 01. Schools of Pakpak Bharat 2003/20034 Level of school Schools Students Elementary school 47 5568 Islamic Elementary school

8 791

Junior High School 7 1489 Islamic Junior High School

3 250

High School 15 478 Pakpak Bharat also has a hydro electric dam which use Lae (river) Kombih as the source of electricity. At normal rate Lae Kombih able to generate 8 MW of electricity, enough to support Pakpak Bharat and Dairi and even contributes for the whole circuitry of North Sumatra. With its Geographical conditions many of the river can be developed into hydro electric plants which important for running the economy of Pakpak Bharat.

3 Personal communication with Ebdi Berutu, Malik Manik and Kadir Tumangger from the clans 4 From Pakpak Bharat Education and Cultural and Tourism District Office 5 Two additional high schools opened in 2004


Image from GIS Lab CI Indonesia


IV Biodiversity Forest vegetation is dominated by Dipterocarpaceae, Figs (especially strangling figs). Commercially important species include Dipterocarpus sp., Shorea sp. and camphor tree Dryobalanops aromatica, rattans, cinnamon Cinnamomum sp. and palms including giant leaf palm Johannesteijsmannia altifrons. Fruit trees include durians Durio oxleyanus and D. zibethinus, duku Lansium domesticum, banana Musa sp., citrus jeruk Citrus macroptera, rambutan Nephelium lappaceum and benzoin (Styrax paralleloneurum and Styrax benzoin) in the clan’s agroforestry forestland (UNEP-WCMC. 2000). Characteristics of the forest The vegetation is characterized according to the heights of the land’s elevation, but overall Dipterocarpaceae are dominant. The lowland tropical rainforest, which are lies to the 600m, characterized by closed, 30m-40m high canopy, with several higher emerging trees. Under the canopy, the tree creates microhabitats providing an extensive number of epiphytes. Rich number of epiphytes fills every microhabitat, like orchids, ferns, bromeliads, aroid, bryophytes, lichen, rattan and lianas. The second type of the forest is the sub-montane rain forest which lies from 600m to the 1,500m. The sub-montane forest characterized by the lower canopy height, which generally not more than 30m in heights. The same group of dipterocarp is still dominating this area. Extensive number of epiphytes can still be found here, but not as rich as the lowland, because of the reduction of the canopy height, especially the lianas and rattans. Pakpak and Dairi forest divided into two types: primary and secondary forest, regarding to the frequency of disturbances, species diversity, and stage of succession.

a. Primary forest is relatively undisturbed, high species diversity and in the top of succession stage, or climax stage. Disturbances present as small random events which maintaining the diversity, include fallen trees which creates opening allowing light to reach the floor and let the seedling to grow. Local land slide and small earthquake also plays the same role in maintaining diversity.

b. Secondary forest is more frequently disturbed area, has more openings, and in terms of succession this vegetation still in earlier stage than primary forest. Some rapid growing species present in higher number, such as grass and shrubs, indicates that the forest is evolving after some disturbances. These areas present in steep slopes, river valleys or other area which unstable and present higher disturbances. In this area even small earthquakes or high rainfall can cause landslide (Whitten et.al. 2000).

Overall, these forests are providing habitats for unique fauna. Leuser ecosystem in Dairi and Pakpak is important home for primates, mammal and birds. It is also a delicate system, which all of its components in maintaining the existence of overall rainforest system. For example, rainforest trees cannot regenerate trough seed without any frugivores (fruit eaters) which dispersing seeds throughout the area.


Plantation/Clan Tenure Forest ecosystem Just like the name this ecosystem actually human made. The most important agro-forestry ecosystem is benzoin forest. Farmers usually plant Styrax paralleloneurum in primary or old secondary forest where benzoin trees already occur. Benzoin seedlings are established during the first few years of the garden. Before planting, forest floor is cleared of small and medium-sized vegetation. Two years later, farmers thin all the larger trees (allowing light to reach the benzoin saplings) and leave the thinning in the garden. Management involves annual clearing of woody species around benzoin trees. If done properly, resin may be harvested for nearly 60 years, although generally decrease after 30 years. When a garden has stopped producing resin, it is left to return to forest. Tree species diversity in abandoned gardens was similar to that in primary forest, but endemic species and species characteristic of mature habitats were less common. Traditional benzoin garden management represents only a low-intensity disturbance and maintains an ecological structure that allows effective accumulation of forest species over the long term (Garcia-Fernandez et.al, 2003). Fauna & Flora of Pakpak as the part of Leuser Ecosystem Important mammal species No Scientific name common name Conservation

Status Endemic to

1 Pongo abelii orangutan Red List & CITES Northern sumatra

2 Presbytis thomasi kedih/Thoma’s leaf monkey

Red List & CITES Sumatra

3 Petaurista petaurista flying squirrel - SE Asia 4 Hylobates syndactylus siamang Red List & CITES Sundaland 5 Hylobates lar sarundung/white handed

gibbon Red List & CITES Sumatra

6 Panthera tigris sumatrae harimau/ Sumatran tiger Red List & CITES Sumatra 7 Neofelis nebulosa macan dahan/clouded

leopard Red List & CITES Sundaland

8 Muntiacus muntjak muncak/barking deer CITES SE Asia 9 Elephas maximus

sumatranus Sumatran elephant Red List & CITES Sumatra

10 Dicerorhinus sumatrensis Sumatran rhino Red List & CITES Sumatra


Important bird species No Scientific name common name Conservation

Status Endemic to

1 Anthracoceros albirostris

asian pied hornbill CITES SE Asia

2 Buceros rhinoceros rhino hornbill CITES Sundaland 3 Argusianus argus argus pheasant CITES SE Asia 4 Haliaetus leucogaster white belly eagle CITES - 5 Loriculus galgulus blue hanging parrot CITES Sumatra 6 Otus sagittatus white-fronted scops-owl Red List & CITES Sumatra 7 Aceros corrugatus wringkled hornbill Red List & CITES Sumatra 8 Carpococcyx viridis Sumatran ground cuckoo Red List Sumatra Important Reptile Species No Scientific name common name Conservation

Status Endemic to

1 Draco volans common flying lizard - SE Asia 2 Varanus salvator water monitor CITES - 3 Phyton reticulatus reticulated phyton CITES - 4 Tomistoma schlegelii false gavial CITES Northern

Sumatra Important flora species No Scientific name common name Value 1 Dipterocarpus spp. keruing timber 2 Shorea spp meranti timber 3 Dryobalanops aromatica kamper/camphor timber, traditional

medicine, 4 Calamus spp. rotan/rattan furnitures, handicraft 5 Hopea spp. dammar/resin source of resin 6 Sytrax spp kemenyan source of benzoic resin 7 Johannesteijsmannia

altifrons giant leaf palm endemic to Northern

Sumatra, Malaya 8 Tetrastigma sp liana important in forests

plant regeneration 9 Amorphophallus titanum bunga bangkai/ giant aroid tallest flower, endemic

to Sumatra 10 Rafflesia arnoldi --- biggest flower,

endemic to Sumatra IV. Conservation History


Leuser Ecosystem, with its core area Leuser National Park is one of the largest forest area remaining forests in Sundaland Hotspot, which includes Sumatra, Java and Borneo (Kalimantan).With wide variation of habitats this National Park with it buffer zone plays important role in many aspects, such as: habitat for important species of mega fauna, primates and important ecological services. Leuser Ecosystem with area around 2.6 million hectares serves as a buffer zone for its core, the Leuser National park, a protected area around 890.000 hectares. The buffer zone was created to improve inadequate design of the NP. Leuser Ecosystem initiative was begun in 1995, as a joint program between European Union and Indonesia Government. The joint program was formalized in a 7 years joint development program called Leuser Development Program (LDP), which has a technical implementation body called Leuser Management Unit or LMU (van Baukering, et.al. 2003). Leuser Ecosystem encompasses two provinces in Sumatra: North Sumatra and Aceh (NAD). In North Sumatra there are five districts which neighbors with Leuser Ecosystem: Langkat, Deli-Serdang, Karo Highlands, Dairi and Pakpak Bharat. There are several conservation area surroundings the Leuser Ecosystems. Ecologically, this area serves as integral parts of the home range for the animal which lives in Leuser Ecosystems. They also serve as buffer zone for keeping the Leuser Ecosystem intact, as well as having its own ecological function and conservation purposes. Recent condition shows that the most of the good forest around Leuser Ecosystem remain in the protected areas, such as Simponan Protected Forest that covers an area of 3,460 hectares; Simponan Timur Protected Forest (3,469 ha); Siranggas Protected Forest (8,718 ha); Siranggas Wildlife Sanctuary (5,657 ha), and Sikulaping Protection Forest (14,375 ha). The rest of the forests forming patchy pattern along the area, especially where the terrain is difficult, or where the clans owning the tenure forest for special purposes (cultural or agroforestry reason). Some of the area of Pakpak Bharat has continuous forest connecting with Leuser Ecosystem (BKSDA-SU, 2003). In 2004 UNESCO has appointed Leuser Ecosystem and Leuser NP as the World Heritage site, together with Kerinci-Seblat NP and Bukit Barisan Selatan NP. These three National Parks, with total area of 2.5 million hectares area of forests has designated as Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra, because of their great potential for long term conservation of the distinctive and diverse biota of Sumatra, including many endangered species (www.unesco.org). Conservation Area Management Leuser Ecosystem is a collaborative management program between Indonesia and European Commission, through Leuser Management Unit (LMU). LMU then collaborated with Leuser National Park Management Office, as the official bureau who runs day to day operationals. Pakpak Bharat have several conservation area like: Simponan Protected Forest that covers an area of 3,460 hectares; Simponan Timur Protected Forest (3,469 ha); Siranggas Protected Forest (8,718 ha); Siranggas Wildlife Sanctuary (5,657 ha), and Sikulaping Protection Forest (14,375 ha). Among those, there’s only Siranggas Wildlife Sanctuary with Government Decree No. 923/KPTS/ UM/12/1982, then improved by government decree by Forestry Minister decree No. 71/KPTS-


II/1989. These areas is managed directly by Ministry of Forestry under one of its office in North Sumatra: Natural Resources Conservation Office (KSDA I). Most area of Dairi and Pakpak biodiversity has not extensively studied. Only general data available, therefore more research on biodiversity are needed. Further study in alternative economy, like ecotourism and NTFP promotion also needed to keep community from using unsustainable practice.


Stakeholder Meetings 1st stakeholder meeting was held 6th May 2004 in Salak, capital town of Pakpak Bharat. The meeting was attended by 24 people from various areas and various organizations. The meeting was a success in creating initial concept model of Pakpak Bharat and also in gathering supports for the programs. 2nd Stakeholder meeting was held in 20th July 2004 in Salak, attended by 14 people. During this meeting the results of the previous questionnaire survey was confirmed. Some modifications to the concept model have also been made, as the responses to the stakeholder’s opinions and survey results. The meeting has also confirmed a slogan for the campaign: “Alam Pakpak Lestari, Cerah Masa Depanku” (Bright Pakpak Nature, Bright My Future). Following 2nd meeting, there was another informal meeting at 22nd July held in one of the elder house at Kecupak village. This meeting was made to seek furthermore inputs as the 2nd meeting was only attended by 14 people. There were no significant differences between two meetings, but more input has been gathered in the field. The use of Conceptual Models as described in this document is based the work of Richard Margoluis and Nick Salafsky of Foundations of Success [FOS] and draws from their 1998 publication Measures of Success: Designing, Managing, and Monitoring Conservation Development Projects, published by Island Press. Their approach has been re-worked and re-tooled to fit the needs of Rare staff and local counterparts working on site assessments for projects supported by Rare. The development of concept models also includes a methodology known as "Brain-storming, Naming, Ordering" as an adaptation of the ToP (Technology of Participation) concept developed by Sherwood Shankland and the Institute of Cultural affairs. Stakeholder matrix Stakeholder Meetings, Salak 6th May 2004, 20th,22nd July 2004

No

Participant/ Stakeholder

Organization/Affiliation Name Key Issues Potential Contribution Interest/Motive Consequences

(what participants bring to

the meeting) (what the meeting can give

to participant)

1

KPU (National Commission for Election) Pakpak Bharat, scientist

Lister Berutu

Political issues, election issues, Human Ecology

Political supports, avoidance being associated to certain political party, Expertise on Human Ecology

To prove that Pride is Non Political

provide with materials, documentations and interviews

2

Youth Group of Salak

Muji B Manik

Organization capacity building

Local support and partnership

Supports for Organization developments

provide with organization strengthening, may build up expectation

3

Principal of Salak Junior High

Syarifuddin Manik

Junior High teacher institutional support from the association

improvements for education quality

provide with materials, trainings for junior high teachers

4

Salak’s Elder Amba Manik Local Salak’s customaries and isuues, community development

Informal Support from clans, specifically Salak area

Local clans recognitions, gathering information about the programs

provide materials for conservation issues

5

Sibagindar’s Elder

Solomo Manik Local Sibagindar’s customaries and issues, community development

Informal Support from clans, specifically Sibagindar area


facilitation on community empowerment, provide vision for conservation issues


6

Elementary School Teacher, 030412 Salak

Robert Marbun Education development, curriculum improvements and community support

Official Support for elementary school visit, activities and materials

ideas adoption for local education use

provide the authorities with EE materials,

7

Principal of Elementary school, Salak

Marisi Cibro Education development, curriculum improvements and community support




8

Principal of Islamic School of Salak

S. Bancin Islamic religious values, morale and ethics

Support from Islam religious society

alternative source for religious activities

in-depth studies to connect between religious issues with conservation

9

Sukaramai community representative

Porma Manik Local Sukaramai’s customaries and issues, community development

Informal Support from clans, specifically Sukaramai area

gathering information about the programs


10

Public Affair Officer, Sitelu Tali Urang Jehe

Karimon Solin government establishment, local government planning

Official Support/ endorsement, Access to “green issues” adoption into local laws

Alternative issues and ideas for government practices

provides with conservation related materials to the government

11

Woman Group Kecupak,

Ramiah Berutu family education, economy and forest for domestic uses, gender

woman in relation with nature conservation

capacity building, woman involvements in NRM

woman involvements in programs

12

Woman group of Salak

Rosmi Manik family education, economy and forest for domestic uses, gender

woman in relation with nature conservation

capacity building, woman involvements in NRM

woman involvements in programs

13

Representative of Laetorandi community

Kesti br Padang human-forest interaction, village development

Information of local biodiversity, local custom

local developments, recognitions from local government

provides with conservation related materials, include the area in the project

14

Military Post Commander, Sibande

CH. Sihombing

Security issues, rebel issues, law enforcements

Field Support (security), entry point to reach the lower level army organization

cooperation in sustaining security status, environmental crimes reduction

Have to cover their base at Sidikalang, provide with legal perspectives. Sensitive with rebel issues, due to its close location to Aceh

15

Military Post, Salak

D. Mangunsong

Security issues, law enforcements

Field Support (security), entry point to reach the lower level army organization

cooperation in sustaining security status, environmental crimes reduction

Have to cover their base at Sidikalang, provide with legal perspectives

16

Education advisory council, elder representative

K. Banurea

traditional laws and customs

traditional knowledge about local customary

value and system adoption by this program

provides with conservation related materials, deeper traditional system study needed

17

Staff of Natural Resources Conservation Office of Pakpak Bharat

Jana Manik

Natural Resources conservation and management

Field involvements for implementation, Biodiversity data or local expertise Capacity building

intensive negotiations, deals and might build high expectations

18

Head of Natural Resources Conservation Office of Pakpak Bharat

Ir. Dharma Bakti Ujung


Legal support form the Natural Resources, Biodiversity data or local expertise

Chip in, linking with his office program


19

Head of Education and Tourism Office of Pakpak Bharat

Drs. Malik Manik

Education improvements

Legal support form Education Office,

to improve the quality of local education system

might build high expectations, provide trainings for local education staffs

20

Rumerah Community

A. Kadir Tumanggor

Human-Forest interactions, alternative economics

Local support to education program and future reforestation program,

Alternative issues and ideas for local practices

might build up expectations that the program will talk about


volunteer for Field Educator

alternative economics

21

Kecupak Community

Rihon Berutu Human-Forest interactions, alternative economics

Local support to education program and future reforestation program

Alternative issues and ideas for local practices

might build up expectations that the program will talk about alternative economics

22

Conservation Communication Center (Local NGO)

Andi Siswanda Community development and social forestry activities

Volunteer for Field Educator

Capacity Building, conservation program development

In-house trainings for Pride methodology

23

Conservation Communication Center (Local NGO)

Yandri Arova Community development and social forestry activities

Volunteer for Field Educator

Capacity Building, conservation program development

In-house trainings for Pride methodology

24

Respective Leader of the clans

Ebdi Berutu Local customary supports by the clan, community development

Informal Support from clans

Local Clans recognitions, gathering information about the programs


25 Salak community

Buyung Manik Local Salak’s customaries and isuues, community development




26 Salak community

Abdul Rahman Banurea

Local Salak’s customaries and isuues, community development




27 Farmer from Salak

Sondang B. Manalu family economy and

forest for domestic uses,

information about local farming,



28 Farmer from Salak

Derhana Banurea family economy and forest for domestic uses,

information about local farming,



29

Staff of Natural Resources Conservation Office of Pakpak Bharat

Aryanto Tinambunan


Field involvements for implementation, Biodiversity data or local expertise Capacity building


30 Junior High school Teacher

Lismer Anakampun

Education development, curriculum improvements and community support




Attend both meeting only attend 1st meeting only attend 2nd meeting


Initial Concept Model of Pakpak Bharat

Blue frame: Direct factor Orange frame: Indirect factor Green frame: Contributing factor


Concept Model Summary Target Condition in Pakpak Bharat, Northern Sumatra Corridor is “Forest and Environment of Pakpak Bharat”. Target condition is affected by several activities: Forest encroachments, animal hunting, logging, shifting agriculture, bush and forest fire and (lack of) reforestation program. Forest encroachments identified as direct factor which is affected by weak law enforcements and low level of knowledge about forests. People tend to go to forests to seek solution for weak economical condition. At first, encroachments present as collecting and harvesting non timber forest product such as fruits, resins, benzoin and plant’s oil. Without backup from strong law enforcements -at the other hand people need quick solution from economical crisis- then it become more destructive activities such as animal hunting, logging and shifting agriculture. Lack of government attention was identified as a large contributing factor which beyond local control. This factor contributes almost all indirect factors, such as weak law enforcements, insufficient conservation education materials, lack of forest socialization and lack of study about local biodiversity. Another contributing factor is the absence of local conservation organization, either NGO or government bodies, which can help in forest socialization and animal conservation program. This absence affects lack of forest socialization and study of biodiversity. Lack of knowledge about the function of forests and the location of protected forests were seen as the main indirect factor, sequentially causes forests encroachments and low willingness to involve in conservation program. People think that participatory conservation program is important; lacking this factor causes uncontrolled forest fire and no reforestations by communities and local government. Stakeholder think that by raising socialization and by giving conservation materials are important factors in attracting people into participatory conservation programs. Reforestation is necessary to their point of view because in some areas which have been logged in 1970’s are abandoned, and no further rehabilitation efforts have been made. Some reforestation by government has been implemented but not in the first priority place and did not really involve local community.




Questionnaire Survey Summary The survey was held 7th June to 12th June 2004 in the area of Pakpak Bharat. The questionnaire consisted of 32 points of questions, which designed to gather inputs from the communities about basic information (age, occupation etc), level of knowledge about Pakpak Bharat biodiversity, media preferences, environment laws and regulations, and flagship species. Sample size was 400 or around 1% of total population of Pakpak Bharat, and another 50 was taken as spare. Out of 450, 421 considered as valid while the rest was damaged (physically or not valid). The damaged were caused by irrelevant entries, incomplete entries, missing pages, unreadable entries, etc. Control group was taken in Deli Serdang area, also in the border of Leuser ecosystem. It’s a village with approximately 100 households with elevation near 450m above sea level. Data Collection Process Before the survey, several trainings for enumerators were made. The training consisted of several sessions in designing questionnaire, interviews, questionnaire tests and practice. 10 questionnaires were tested to the respondents in Medan. This test resulted several changes to improve the questionnaire.

The team was consisted of 12 persons: 4 from local people, 8 from CI volunteers. The combination of local people and volunteers in the enumerator team was an advantage in the process of the survey. The volunteers were used to environmental education, while the local volunteers of Pakpak had the understanding of local conditions, habitat and community information. Therefore, the team members take advantages from these interactions. Pakpak Bharat population clumped into several

clusters, especially to the capital town of the sub districts, which are Salak, Suakaramai and Sibande. Some other clusters also occurred outside those area, like Kecupak, or Rumerah. These areas became the main target for the surveys. To maximize the coverage, the survey was conducted during market day, which is different for each town or community. The team was split into two teams. Each team heading to the outermost area of Pakpak: westward (Nantimbo and Sibande) and southward (Rumerah and Simponan). The teams then moved inward toward the center of Pakpak (Salak region) while collecting possible data, using previously allocated amount of questionnaires. After finished covering the central part of Pakpak, the big group was moved to the Sidikalang office, and made another stop collecting data for another cluster: Sukaramai.


Data collecting was done by using multiple times: daytime to collect data of market dwellers, town dwellers and students while evening to cover the farmer workers. Place of collecting also randomized: market, coffee shops, houses, schools, offices and farmland.

Fig 1. Respondent’s Age Groupings (n=421)

Age grouping shows that youth take around 27%, which is considerably large portion compared to other age groups. It is typical demographic structure of developing countries. Figure above also shown there is an abrupt change from 15-19 groups to the 20-24. This might caused by some facts found in the field:

1. High school and market often not far each other and it was vacation days for high school. This situation may cause over-sampling for 15-19 age group, since market area is one of the main sampling locations. It might also affect Q6 question for student’s occupation group.

2. 20-24 groups are an age group for higher education, which can only obtained outside Salak. This might cause respondent in this group harder to find.

3. Some people in the field said that lot of young people went out to Medan to seek for better opportunities. Together with no.2, it might cause under sampling for several young age groups above 15-19.


Fig 2. Respondent’s occupation groupings n=421

Fig 3. Most trusted source of informations n=421

(8) Who is your most trusted source of local information? (CHOOSE ONE ONLY)

Counts Percents Percents

0 100 Family 164 39.0% bar_c0.gif Religious leader 96 22.8% bar_c0.gif Village leader 60 14.3% bar_c0.g

if Traditional leader 31 7.4% Friends 18 4.3% Teacher 18 4.3% Trust all 17 4.0% Do not trust all 11 2.6% Government 2 0.5% Supervisor 1 0.2% Husband 1 0.2% Neighbor 1 0.2% Community leader 1 0.2% Other 0 0.0%

Totals 421 100.0%

Mean --

Farmer Students Entrepreneur Government Housewives Unemploy. Driver Teacher Other


Figure 3 indicates that families play important roles as trusted sources of information. Survey indicates that almost 40% of the respondent says that they trust their family as the source of in formations. Other facts in Figure 2 about occupation groups indicate that farmer is the biggest group, which reaches around 45%. These facts will be an important note to set up activity and strategy in delivering the conservation messages.

Fig. 4 Forest utilization by occupations (n=421)

Overall

Farmer

Student

Entreprene

ur

Governm

ent

House w

ife

Unem

ploym

ent

Driver

Teacher

Other

Firewood 41.3% 47.1% 45.2% 37.1% 15.6% 44.4% 50.0% 16.7% 66.7% 16.7%

None 21.1% 21.4% 12.9% 19.4% 18.8% 22.2% 25.0% 66.7% 33.3% 50.0%

Fruits and other edible plants 15.4% 13.9% 18.3% 14.5% 21.9% 44.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 11.1%

benzoin 12.1% 22.5% 2.2% 9.7% 3.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

leisure and fresh air 11.4% 3.2% 21.5% 11.3% 21.9% 0.0% 62.5% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7%

land clearing for farming 7.4% 7.5% 9.7% 6.5% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 5.6%

water source 6.2% 7.5% 3.2% 3.2% 9.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 11.1%

wood construction 5.7% 2.7% 8.6% 9.7% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7%

don’t know 2.6% 1.1% 2.2% 3.2% 9.4% 11.1% 0.0% 16.7% 0.0% 0.0%

resin 2.4% 3.7% 2.2% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

rattan 2.4% 3.2% 0.0% 3.2% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

herbal medicine plants 2.1% 1.1% 2.2% 4.8% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other 2.1% 2.1% 2.2% 3.2% 0.0% 0.0% 12.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Totals * * * * * * * * * *


Fig. 5 Respondent’s favorite radio show (n=421)

Overall Occupation

Farmer Student Entrepreneur

Government

Housewife

Unemployment Driver Other

Traditional songs 52.3% 54.5% 51.6% 54.8% 34.4% 55.6% 50.0% 83.3% 45.8%

News 23.8% 21.4% 25.8% 22.6% 40.6% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 33.3%

Pop songs 17.8% 7.5% 31.2% 27.4% 21.9% 33.3% 25.0% 16.7% 8.3%

No special preferences 10.0% 11.8% 3.2% 9.7% 6.3% 22.2% 25.0% 16.7% 16.7%

Don’t listen to radio 4.5% 4.8% 1.1% 3.2% 9.4% 22.2% 0.0% 0.0% 8.3%

Quiz 3.3% 0.0% 14.0% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Religious show 2.6% 2.7% 0.0% 3.2% 6.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.3%

Radio drama 1.9% 1.6% 4.3% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other 0.7% 1.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 12.5% 0.0% 0.0%

Totals * * * * * * * * *

Fig 6. Respondent’s choice for three most threatened animal in Pakpak n=421

Figure 6 is a one of the important justifications why this campaign will use orangutan or mawas as the flagship species. While this question is multiple answers, it indicates that around 45% of respondents think that orangutan is in great danger and deserve protections.

Orangutan Sambar deer Tiger Don’t know None Deer Presbytis monkey Wild boar Hornbill Jungle bird Siamang Bear Myna bird Wild goat Macaca Starling Elephant Other


Fig 7. Respondent’s perception about orangutan’s role in the forest

n=421

It is quite surprising that around 45% of the respondent able to identify the role of orangutan in the forest. It might show that previous awareness program (Mobile Unit) has been able in deliver the messages to community. But still, around 34% of the respondents were answering don’t know the role of orangutan. Figure 8 shown further that highest don’t know answer came from farmer (42% overall farmer group) and housewives (66.7% overall housewives group).

Fig 8. Knowledge on orangutan role by occupation (n=421) OCCUPATION

Overall

Farmer

Students Entrepreneur G

overnme

nt

Housew

ife U

nemploy

ment

Driver

Teacher O

ther

Seed dispersal 34.8% 29.4% 41.9% 32.3% 46.9% 11.1% 50.0% 33.3% 50.0% 38.9%

Don’t know 33.9% 42.8% 24.7% 29.0% 18.8% 66.7% 25.0% 33.3% 33.3% 22.2%

Just ordinary animal 12.3% 11.8% 10.8% 12.9% 18.8% 11.1% 12.5% 16.7% 0.0% 16.7%

Grow new seedling 8.3% 4.3% 14.0% 16.1% 9.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 0.0%

Don’t have functions 5.2% 5.3% 3.2% 4.8% 6.3% 0.0% 12.5% 16.7% 0.0% 11.1%

They are pests 2.4% 1.6% 3.2% 4.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.6%

Other 3.1% 4.8% 2.2% 0.0% 0.0% 11.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 5.6%

Totals 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100 % 100 % 100% 100%

Seed dispersal Don’t know Just ordinary animal Grow new trees Don’t have functions They are pests Season indicator Nurse the forest Other


Fig. 9 Respondent’s behavior when meet with orangutans N=421

Another important fact that may become justification for choosing orangutan as flagship came from figure 9. It shows that most of the respondent did not give negative respond when they saw orangutan in the field. Only total around 10% who answered negative responses like kill it or catch it.

Fig 10. Respondent’s behavior when meet with orangutans (n=421)

Overall Occupation

Farmer Student

Entrepre- neur

Govern- ment

House wife

Unemp loyment

Driver

Teacher

Other

Let them be 39.3% 36.9% 32.3% 41.9% 53.1% 55.6% 87.5% 33.3% 16.7% 44.4%

Draw them away 26.1% 24.1% 31.2% 25.8% 34.4% 22.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 38.9%

Watch them 13.0% 15.5% 10.8% 12.9% 3.1% 22.2% 0.0% 50.0% 16.7% 5.6%

Catch and keep them 7.3% 4.3% 17.2% 6.5% 3.1% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 16.7% 0.0%

Run away 3.6% 5.9% 0.0% 1.6% 3.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 11.1%

Don’t know 3.1% 5.3% 0.0% 3.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7% 0.0%

Afraid 2.8% 3.7% 3.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 33.3% 0.0%

Kill them 2.1% 0.5% 3.2% 6.5% 3.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other 2.6% 3.7% 2.2% 1.6% 0.0% 0.0% 12.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Totals 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Kill it Catch and keep them Draw them away Let them be Watch them Run away Afraid Don’t know Other


Fig 11. Respondent’s opinion about three main threats to the environment (n=421)

Figures 11 and 12 shows that the respondents giving high ranks for landslide and illegal logging when they are asked about three main threats for environment in Pakpak Bharat. The bad impression might come from 2001 landslides which isolate Salak area from outside for several days. People says that only helicopter were able to supply logistic for isolated area. This is also a good entry point when the campaign start to talks about the function of forests.

Fig 12. Three main threats (n=421)

Overall occupations

farmer student entrepreneur

government

housewives

unemployment driver Other

landslide 53.0% 57.8% 50.5% 46.8% 50.0% 66.7% 50.0% 33.3% 45.8%

illegal logging 45.8% 29.4% 61.3% 56.5% 71.9% 11.1% 62.5% 33.3% 62.5%

don’t know 24.2% 29.4% 15.1% 29.0% 21.9% 11.1% 25.0% 50.0% 8.3%

wild fire 16.9% 8.0% 33.3% 12.9% 15.6% 44.4% 12.5% 0.0% 29.2%

flood 12.6% 10.7% 17.2% 9.7% 15.6% 11.1% 12.5% 0.0% 16.7%

natural disaster 11.4% 12.3% 9.7% 11.3% 9.4% 11.1% 0.0% 16.7% 16.7%

hunting 7.4% 7.0% 3.2% 8.1% 6.3% 11.1% 25.0% 16.7% 16.7%

land conversion 5.7% 4.3% 6.5% 3.2% 12.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 16.7%

garbage/waste 2.6% 1.6% 4.3% 1.6% 9.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

drought 2.4% 1.1% 3.2% 3.2% 0.0% 22.2% 0.0% 0.0% 4.2%

shifting agriculture 1.9% 1.6% 0.0% 1.6% 12.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

erosion 1.7% 1.6% 2.2% 3.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

Other 11.6% 7.5% 12.9% 11.3% 21.9% 22.2% 12.5% 16.7% 20.8%

Totals * * * * * * * * *

Landslide Illegal logging Don’t know Wild fire Flood Natural disaster Hunting Land conversion Garbage Drought Shifting agriculture Erosion Other


Revised Conceptual Model

Blue frame: Direct factor Orange frame: Indirect factor Green frame: Contributing factor Box with shadow: New/modified factors


Narrative Summary Revised Conceptual Model Target Condition in Pakpak Bharat as part of the Leuser Ecosystem, is “Forest and Environment of Pakpak Bharat”. Target condition is affected by several direct factors: Forest encroachments, logging, shifting agriculture, bush and forest fire and (lack of) reforestation program. More importantly - as suggested by the community survey and discussion in stakeholder meeting – natural hazards such as landslide and floods is one of the major direct threats that affected the target condition. Landslides and floods are lead by inappropriate forest management such as logging, lack of reforestation, and shifting agriculture. Furthermore, it also related to forest encroachments identified as direct factor which is affected by weak law enforcements and low level of knowledge about forests. People tend to go to forests as solution for weak economical condition. At first, encroachments present as collecting and harvesting non timber forest product such as fruits, resins, benzoin and plant’s oil. Without backup from strong law enforcements -at the other hand people need quick solution from economical crisis- then it become more destructive activities such as animal hunting, logging and shifting agriculture. Moreover, lack of knowledge about the function of forests and the location of protected forests were seen as the main indirect factors, sequentially causes forests encroachments and low willingness to involve in conservation program. The contributing factors for this condition are lack of government attention, national and local economy condition, as well as the unavailability of local conservation organization within the target site area. Nevertheless, people think that participatory conservation program is important; lacking this factor causes uncontrolled forest fire and no reforestations by communities and local government in which it will widen the area of unmanaged farmland. Stakeholder think that by raising socialization and by giving conservation materials are important factors in attracting people into participatory conservation programs. Reforestation is necessary to their point of view because in some areas which have been logged in 1970’s are abandoned, and no further rehabilitation efforts have been made. Some reforestation by government has been implemented but not in the first priority place and did not really involve local community.


Flagship Species Summary Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii)6

• Class : Mammalia • Order : Primates • Family : Pongidae • Genus : Pongo • Species : abelii • Common Name : Orangutan (Indonesian, English), mawas, mabas (Bataks,

Malayans) Biological information A male orangutan weighs 50 - 90 kg (110 - 200 lb) and stands 1.2 - 1.5 m (4 - 5') tall, while the female orangutan weighs 30 - 50 kg (66 - 110 lb) and grows to about 1.1 m (3.5') in height. Adult orangutan tends to be solitary, only some times they stay in group, usually for mating. Only the female will stay in group with their birth for considerable longer time. (Macdonald, 2001). Diet About 60% of the orangutan’s diet consists of fruit, including durians, jackfruit, rambutans (species of lychees), mangoes and figs. The remainder of the diet is mostly young leaves and shoots, but also included are insects, mineral-rich soil, tree bark and woody lianas and occasionally eggs and small vertebrates. Much of their water is obtained from the fruit in their diet, but it is also from other sources. (Macdonald, 2001) Breeding Orangutan breeds very slow. Females reach puberty at 10 years of age, but do not give birth until they are 15. Males usually become sexually mature at about 12 years. However, the time it takes for a male to attain full maturity, including the secondary sexual characteristics such as a facial "disk" formed from fibrous cheek flanges, a big throat pouch, and long hair on their arms and back, can range from 10 years to more than 20. Orangutans reproduce one young every 7-8 years, which is very slow and can not cope with rate of poaching. Habitat Leuser ecosystem, (nearly 850,000 hectares) with Leuser NP as its core supports the largest single population of orangutan. But recently, they have declined from

6 Photo by Haroldo Castro, CI


approximately 12,000 in 1993 to around 6,500 in 1999. At this rate, any further losses will put Sumatran orangutans in the brink of extinction. Orangutan plays major roles in seeds dispersal and therefore plays major roles in maintaining ecosystem succession (CEPF, 2001, 2003; Singleton, 2003). Considerations Orangutan was chosen as flagship species for several reasons:

1. It is popular among local people. Survey indicates that respondents see that orangutan is one of the most threatened animals in Pakpak (44.9%, multiple answers). At the other hand, reported human-orangutan conflicts (pests, killing, poaching) is quite low.

2. Its protection will also protect its habitat and environment. Orangutan is strongly associated to its habitat. Its arboreal movements, frugivores, demand an intact ecosystem. Orangutan cannot live in monoculture forest like plantation or in a forest with high level of disturbance. Orangutan is fully integrated to its habitat

3. People still can see orangutan in the wild. From the surveys we were able to pinpoint several areas in Pakpak Bharat where people still can see orangutans in the wild: Nantimbo, Siranggas, Sibongkaras and several other areas. It’s very important that people still really can see them in the wild rather than protecting something that they can not see.

4. CI Indonesia has been work for Sumatran orangutan awareness program in northern Sumatra wide from early 2002. Includes in this program are Sibolangit Conservation Learning Center and Mobile Conservation Unit. Pakpak Bharat has been exposed with Mobile Unit awareness program from end of 2002. It is important to continue Mobile Unit efforts in working with orangutan.


Blue frame: Direct factor Orange frame: Indirect factor Green frame: Contributing factor

Final Concept Model


Pakpak Bharat Project Plan Goal: To conserve Pakpak Bharat forest ecosystem for the sustainable benefit for the people. Sub Goal 01: Through educating farmer about the relationship between forests, landslides and floods, and understand the benefit of keeping the forest intact, at the end of program, farmer’s involvements in reported conservation activities will increase. Objective 01: By April 2006, school student’s involvements in conservation activities will increase by 25%, (reduce “never” answer from 52% to 27% when they asked about involvements in conservation activities). Factor in Conceptual Model Targeted by the Objective: Lack of forest information, insufficient conservation education material, lack of biodiversity studies of Pakpak Bharat Project Assumptions:

1. Stakeholder discussion and survey result had indicated that natural hazards (e.g. Landslides) are the major issue that affects the forest and environment of Pakpak Bharat.

2. Survey indicated that 52% of students respondents have not been involved in conservation activities; in which 56% students understand the orangutan’s role in ecosystem

3. Survey also suggested that farmer as the main occupation of Pakpak Bharat is the biggest user of forest resources

4. Survey indicated that 39% respondents trust their families as the source for information

5. By exposing the community with education and awareness programs, It is assumed that there will be significant changes in the community knowledge about forest conservation

6. In the KAP continuum students is in high Knowledge level or early Attitude level 7. Barriers for students will be:

a. Low level of conservation knowledge b. No similar conservation activities before

Underlying Assumptions:

1. Raising community awareness about forest ecological services will make them preserve the remaining forest at Pakpak Bharat.

2. Each of the community components requires specific kind of materials or approach to deliver the messages.

Activity 1(A1): Visit every primary and secondary school in Pakpak Bharat and make interactions to as many children as possible. The visit will highlights the Forest Ecosystem of Pakpak Bharat and use orangutan as the mascot

• Why do this activity? To provide Pakpak Bharat school students with information about Pakpak Protected Forest and Leuser Ecosystem in relation to be safe from natural hazards


• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart and local partners with authorization from the Education and Cultural and Tourism District Office (Dinas Pendidikan, Kebudayaan dan Pengajaran) will visit all primary schools in 37 villages within 3 sub-district area.

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project Counterpart: Akbar Ario Digdo and Local Partners

• Who will this activity target? Primary and secondary school children, teachers and surroundings

• Where will this activity take place? In primary and secondary school in Pakpak Bharat.

• When will this activity take place? November 2004 to July2005 • Assumptions: Related education authorities are ready to support this activity, and

this activity assumed useful in raises school children knowledge about biodiversity and conservation. This activity will also bring alternative method of teaching for the local teachers.

• Pre-requisites: Letter from Education District office, school song, costume, badges, puppets, poster

Activity 2 (A2): The production and distribution of wildlife booklets for school students. This booklet will contain information about Protected Forest in Pakpak Bharat and Leuser Ecosystem and its biodiversity

• Why do this activity? In order for school children living in Pakpak Bharat to get accurate information about biodiversity, the relationship between them in forest ecosystem and to disseminate this information to their parents.

• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart and local partners with authorization from the Education and Cultural and Tourism District Office (Dinas Pendidikan, Kebudayaan dan Pengajaran) will facilitate the information/literature research, design, production and distribution of the materials.

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart, Akbar Ario Digdo. Project counterpart will also seek for possible support from local institution, either funds or expertise supports.

• Who will this activity target? Primary and secondary school students within the Pakpak Bharat, also some opportunities to the adult/parents

• Where will this activity take place? The booklets will be distributed to all school in Pakpak Bharat.

• When will this activity take place? Pre-Production December 2004, Production January 2005, Distribution Jan 2005-March 2005-May 2005

• Assumptions: It is assumed that this booklet will provide the schoolchildren as well as the teacher with interesting and useful information about wildlife.

• Pre-requisites: Printing agencies, approval by relevant institution, articles made by teacher, sponsorship from private sector/local partners


Activity 3 (A3): The production and usage of an orangutan costume for school visit to encourage school children so they will give attention to the lecture.

• Why do this activity? To attract attention and to raise excitement of the school children to the lecture given in the school visit activity.

• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart with local seamstress will design and create a costume with flagship species (orangutan) design

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart, Akbar Ario Digdo • Who will this activity target? Local seamstress in Medan • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? Production: September-October 2004 • Assumptions: It is assumed that orangutan costume will be able to draw attention

of the public, as well as in raising excitements of the school children • Pre-requisites: local seamstresses, appropriate color and material of the costume

Activity 4 (A4): Drawing and writing competition and exhibition for school children (primary and secondary) as a fun way to express their knowledge about environment.

• Why do this activity? Drawing, painting or writing is one way to evaluate how children understand and perceive their surrounding environment. It is also a fun and relaxing way of learning and self-actualization. Through competition and exhibition, it encourages achievement motivation and building proud of self, family, and community at large.

• How will this activity be carried out? - Competition will be drawing for primary school and secondary school - Announcement will be channeled through Education and Cultural and

Tourism District Office (Dinas Pendidikan, Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata) - Teacher will serve as the motivator for student in each school and

responsible for collecting the artwork of their school - The judges will consist of: teacher, member of local NGO/community

group(s) - The project counterpart will solicit government and/or private sector

sponsorship for prizes for the winners. - The winner’s art results will be arranged in an exhibition. While the

writing competition winner will be published in local newspapers • Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart: Akbar Ario

Digdo, local partners • Who will this activity target? Primary, and secondary school students • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? November 2004, April 2005 or matched with

special days/events • Assumptions: with support from education authorities, it is assumed that this

interesting activity will be able to reach to all education institutions. It is also assumed that by matching with the independence day, the attention and the effect will be doubled

• Pre-requisites: drawing materials and tools, local newspapers


Activity 5 (A5): The production of puppet show with storyline about day to day conservation problem that could inspire schoolchildren to do something for nature conservation.

• Why do this activity? To provide local school children of Pakpak Bharat with practical examples of day to day conservation problems and the solutions, therefore encourage the children to do conservation related activities.

• How will this activity be carried out? - Project counterparts will facilitate a group meetings of local volunteers to

create a “puppet team” - The puppet team will then create a storyline, the theater, backdrops and

the puppet characters, together with the community. - The team then will then visit to the designated school, and do the show for

the children - Where is possible, the team will train school children to do the show for

their friends • Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart: Akbar Ario

Digdo. • Who will this activity target? Primary school students within the Pakpak Bharat,

also some opportunities to the youth groups • Where will this activity take place? The puppet show will be presented primary

schools in Pakpak Bharat. • When will this activity take place? Production September-October 2004, Show

January 2005-July 2005 • Assumptions: It is assumed that puppet show will be able to deliver the messages

of conservation in easy, interesting and fun ways for the children. • Pre-requisites: Materials for the theater and puppets, storyline and approval from

the Education and Cultural and Tourism District Office (Dinas Pendidikan, Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata)

Activity 6 (A6) Creating and composing school song to reinforce key conservation messages to the school children Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas

• Why do this activity? In order to reinforce conservation messages for general public in an entertaining and popular way.

• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart will solicit collaboration and participation of local musicians to create school songs with specific key messages about Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas and flagship species. After the songs created, the songs will be singing while school visits.

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart: Akbar Ario Digdo • Who will this activity target? General public • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? July - September 04 Makes the song,

matched with school visit • Assumptions: It is assumed that school song which is fun and easy to sing is an

effective tool to deliver key messages about conservation to school children. • Pre-requisites: local band/musician, cassette, recorder


Activity 7 (A7): The production and usage of flipcharts for school visit to encourage school children so they will give attention to the lecture.

• Why do this activity? To attract attention and to use of the school children to the lecture given in the school visit activity.

• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart will gather information for materials, and also find artist to draw schemes/artworks in the flipchart. Then the pictures, schemes or artwork will be arranged according to the lectures during school visit.

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart, Akbar Ario Digdo • Who will this activity target? School children of Pakpak Bharat and some

opportunities to adults • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? Production: November 2004 • Assumptions: It is assumed that flipcharts is an effective tools to visualize and

deliver conservation massages to the school children and some adults • Pre-requisites: lecture materials, wood, papers, pictures.


Pakpak Bharat Project Plan Goal: To conserve Pakpak Bharat forest ecosystem for the sustainable benefit for the people. Sub Goal 01: Through educating farmer about the relationship between forests, landslides and floods, and understand the benefit of keeping the forest intact, at the end of program, farmer’s involvements in reported conservation activities will increase. Objective 02: By April 2006, farmer involvements in conservation activities will increase by 15%, (reduce “never” answer from 64% to 49% when they asked about involvements in conservation activities). Factor in Conceptual Model Targeted by the Objective: Lack of forest information, lack of insufficient education material, lack of biodiversity studies of Pakpak Bharat Project Assumptions:

1. Stakeholder discussion and survey result had indicated that natural hazards (e.g. Landslides) are the major issue that affects the forest and environment of Pakpak Bharat.

2. Survey indicated that farmer; the main occupation of Pakpak Bharat is the largest user of forest resources, among the respondents 64% farmer reported that they has not been involved in conservation activities. Furthermore, 25% of farmer respondents had been actively involved in the commercialization of forest resources product.


4. Survey indicated that farmers have considerably high level of literacy. Only 7% of the respondents from farmer group were illiterate.

5. In the KAP continuum, farmers are in the medium knowledge stage 6. Barriers for farmers will be:

a. Lacking conservation activity before b. Low level of knowledge of conservation c. Farmer put conservation in lower priority under the economical issues



2. Providing farmers with alternative methods/alternative agriculture commodity will reduce threats to the Pakpak Bharat forests ecosystem.


Activity 1(A1): The production and distribution of information sheet within farmer huts and coffee shops, to reinforce conservation aspect in their daily activities.

• Why do this activity? In order for farmers, to understand the impact of forest conversion to their farming activities in long term basis.


• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart and local partners will design and create info sheet suitable for farmers. Info sheet will be distributed to the favorite places where the farmer usually gathers, e.g. coffee shops. This info sheets will includes useful informations about farmers

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart: Akbar Ario Digdo • Who will this activity target? Farmers of Pakpak Bharat • Where will this activity take place? In villages near forest within Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? September 2004 pre production, November-

December 2004 production, January 2005 distribution • Assumptions: It is assumed that well designed, combined with high level of

literacy of the farmer, info sheets will be good source information for the farmer groups to do conservation related activities.

• Pre-requisites: supports from community leaders, information about Pakpak Bharat Protected Area

Activity 2 (A2): Training/outreach for farmers about alternative farming method

• Why do this activity? To promote alternative ways in farming, optimizing the use of unmanaged abandoned land, and to reduce improper forest’s utilization, therefore reduces threats for Protected Areas.

• How will this activity be carried out? - The project counterpart will solicit support from agriculture organizations - The project counterpart will identify appropriate farming methods - Participant’s identification will be done by local government - Trainers will be provided by local partners or local government

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart: Akbar Ario Digdo, local partner.

• Who will this activity target? Local farmers • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? January 2005, May 2005 • Assumptions: There are lots of alternative ways in farming methods. It is assumed

that if the farmers provided with relevant methods in farming and utilizing the land, the farmer will be encouraged to utilize existing abandoned farmlands.

• Pre-requisites: approval by relevant institution, support from local agriculture authority/partners.

Activity 3 (A3): Family quiz competition for conservation related knowledge.

• Why do this activity? Quiz or competition is a good way to deliver conservation messages in specific target group, in this case family. By adopting the popular TV quiz it will increase the popularity.

• How will this activity be carried out? - This family quiz will adopt one of the popular TV quiz, therefore the

family will quickly recognized the playing rules. - Project counterpart with partners will create materials in which the quiz

will use as the source of the questions. The materials might be using PRIDE fact sheets, booklets, info sheets, radio programs or specifically created module(s).


- This material will be distributed to three different sub-districts of Pakpak Bharat

- Project counterpart, local government and local partners will open and announce registration in their sub-districts offices.

- The quiz will be two levels, first at sub-district levels. Each sub district will be chosen two winners. They will compete again in District level to earn the district winner.

- Project counterpart will solicit supports for the prizes - The family quiz will be covered by media, newspaper or radio.

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart: Akbar Ario Digdo, local partners

• Who will this activity target? Families of Pakpak Bharat • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? August 2005 to match with Indonesia’s

Independence Day, August 17th 2005, or other special occasion like the birth day of Pakpak Bharat, 22nd July 2005.

• Assumptions: It is assumed that this family quiz, which is an interesting and fun activity, will be able to deliver conservation messages to the family groups and the audiences, and will also raise their pride being a “conservation family”.

• Pre-requisites: supports from local governments, local newspapers or radios, prizes for the winners

Activity 4(A4): The production and distribution attractive wall clocks to raise general public’s interest and awareness of the flagship species

• Why do this activity? To raise awareness about flagship species in day to day activities

• How will this activity be carried out? Project counterpart will design a drawing for the surface in the front side of the wall clock. The design will be adapted to available size of the clocks in the market, with considerable size for an attractive design. These clocks will be distributed through events as souvenirs, prizes or directly to offices, schools or public places.

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart, Akbar Ario Digdo • Who will this activity target? Families of Pakpak • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? January 2005, or matched with events, quiz,

competitions or school visit • Assumptions: It is assumed by giving appropriate conservation messages in daily

things, the target audience will be exposed to the messages, therefore their awareness will be raised

• Pre-requisites: artist to draw and design the flagship species, appropriate number of clocks and designs.


Activity 5(A5): The production and distribution attractive calendars to raise general public’s interest and awareness of the flagship species and protected areas

• Why do this activity? To raise awareness about flagship species in day to day activities. Calendar gives more opportunity to put interesting pictures, map and key messages for target audiences to see.

• How will this activity be carried out? Project counterpart will design a drawing for the calendar. The design will include pictures, key messages, map of PAs, and special days. In addition, the calendar will also put information about earth day, environmental day, no smoking day and birth day of Pakpak Bharat. These calendars will be distributed trough events as souvenirs, prizes or directly to offices, schools or public places.

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart, Akbar Ario Digdo • Who will this activity target? Family • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? January 2005 • Assumptions: It is assumed by giving appropriate conservation messages in daily

things, the target audience will be exposed to the messages, therefore their awareness will be raised

• Pre-requisites: artist to draw and design the flagship species, appropriate number of calendars and designs.


Pakpak Bharat Project Plan Goal: To conserve Pakpak Bharat forest ecosystem for the sustainable benefit for the people. Sub Goal 01: Through educating farmer about the relationship between forests, landslides and floods, and understand the benefit of keeping the forest intact, at the end of program, farmer’s involvements in reported conservation activities will increase. Objective 03: By April 2006, ‘Adat’ traditional council with supports general public will provide at least 10 hectares of unmanaged land for reforestation activities as the demonstration plot. Factor in Conceptual Model Targeted by the Objective: Lack of forest information, lack of insufficient education material, lack of biodiversity studies of Pakpak Bharat Project Assumptions:

1. Stakeholder discussion and survey result had indicated that natural hazards (e.g. Landslides) are the major issues that affect the forest and environment of Pakpak Bharat.

2. Survey had indicated that 56% general public has not been involved in any conservation activities.

3. DoCoMo, Japan telecommunication company is ready to support CI’s reforestation program at Pakpak Bharat

4. The Adat traditional council already mentioned their interest in setting aside 10 hectares land in relation to the reforestation initiatives but still in confirmation process




2. Providing farmers with alternative agriculture/agroforestry methods will reduce threats to the Pakpak Bharat forests ecosystem.

3. Having land for reforestation pilot area will strengthened the community to be actively involved in conservation activity



Activity 1 (A1): Host traditional community meetings and discuss about reforestation issues

• Why do this activity? CI will implement reforestation program, which using Berutu clan tenure land. This activity aims to provide supports for the reforestation project by creating “adat management plan” on the designated area, which will ensure the sustainability of the program itself. The authorization of doing this is upon the “sulang silima” (board of clan) of Berutu clan, the owner of the land. They have expressed their interests and agree to give the land, but they feel that they need to be facilitated in designing adat management plan. Hopefully by giving this example, the other clans will follow with their own initiatives.

• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart will arrange meetings to discuss about specific issues:

o This meeting will be attended by elders of Berutu clans, the largest clan in Pakpak, might use the PRA approach

o Specific discussion will be about creating traditional rules about land use for conservation initiatives (reforestation), e.g.: protection to the land, management, harvesting, clans contribution

o The meeting will be two levels, according to their traditional mechanism in making important decision:

1st level will be arranged among the six elders (they are the highest persons in the clan)

2nd level will be wider audience among the Berutu clan. o Once a paper of “Adat Management Plan” has been finalized, it will be

covered by the press and info sheet o The progress of the implementation will also be monitored


• Who will this activity target? Traditional community council • Where will this activity take place? Rumerah, Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? September 2004 – October 2004 • Assumptions: By working together with traditional council which has great

influences across Pakpak, it is assumed that conservation activities will have stronger chance to success and reach wider and deeper within the community

• Pre-requisites: approval by relevant institution, agroforestry expert, flipchart. Activity 2(A2): The production and distribution attractive poster to raise general public’s interest and awareness of the flagship species and Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas

• Why do this activity? In order for general public to know information about the flagship species and the importance of conserving Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas

• How will this activity be carried out? Poster of a flagship species and short information will be printed and distributed throughout the Pakpak Bharat, in local coffee shops, government offices, schools, and community meeting place.

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart: Akbar Ario Digdo • Who will this activity target? General public • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat


• When will this activity take place? Preparation: September-October 2004, Distribution December 04-May 05

• Assumptions: Posters is a simple and attractive ways in drawing people attentions, therefore the key messages will be delivered across the land in longer period of time.

• Pre-requisites: artist to draw the flagship species, appropriate number of printed poster

Activity 3 (A3): Producing and broadcasting traditional popular song to reinforce key messages of the importance of conserving Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas

• Why do this activity? In order to reinforce conservation messages for general public in an entertaining and popular way.

• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart will solicit collaboration and participation of local musicians to create popular songs with specific key messages about Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas and flagship species. After the songs created, the songs will be broadcasted through popular radio as indicated by survey.

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart: Akbar Ario Digdo • Who will this activity target? General public • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? July - September 04 Makes the songs,

December 05 Recording, Broadcasting December 04-April 05 • Assumptions: It is assumed that traditional song which is fun and easy to listen is

an effective tool to deliver key messages about conservation to the daily lives. • Pre-requisites: local band/musician, local radio station, cassette/CD, fact sheet

Activity 4(A4): The production and distribution of sermon sheet to evoked religious aspect in the importance of Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas conservation

• Why do this activity? In order for general public with religious orientation, to understand the impact improper exploitations that affected the Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas , and alternative ways to manage the natural resources more wisely, through religious perspectives.

• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart will work together with religious leader in the area to create sermon, both Christian and Moslem

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart, with help from CI’s communication and awareness specialist

• Who will this activity target? General public • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? October-November 2004 for Islam,

December 2004-January 2005 for Christian • Assumptions: Religion aspects, which is important for the community has

conservation values. By using religious approach, it is assumed that community will consider that conservation issues is important points that related to their religion.

• Pre-requisites: local religious leader supports, Islam and Christian religious verse, fact sheet


Activity 5 (A5): The production and placement of 3 billboards with key messages and information about Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas and flagship species.

• Why do this activity? To reinforce the campaign’s key messages for the general public

• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart will work together with local artists/youth groups in each sub district to create an attracting billboard with key messages.

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart, Akbar Ario Digdo • Who will this activity target? General public • Where will this activity take place? In each sub-districts of Pakpak Bharat:

o Salak Sub District: Salak o Kerajaan Sub District: Sukaramai o Sitelu Talli Urang Jehe Sub District: Sibande, or border with Nanggro

Aceh Darussalam Province • When will this activity take place? November-December 2004 • Assumptions: It is assumed that billboard, which uses appropriate design and

correct placements is an easy and quick ways to expose people with key messages about conservations.

• Pre-requisites: fact sheet, billboard material, youth group/local artist Activity 6(A6): The production and distribution attractive sticker to raise general public’s interest and awareness of the flagship species and Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas


• How will this activity be carried out? Car/bumper of a flagship species and short information will be printed and distributed throughout the Pakpak Bharat, cars, public transport, and motor bike. This sticker not necessarily has to be put in vehicles, but also in every possible place like doors, cupboards, etc.

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart, Akbar Ario Digdo • Who will this activity target? General public • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? September-October 2004, January 2005 • Assumptions: Sticker is a simple and attractive ways in drawing people

attentions, therefore the key messages will be delivered across the land in longer period of time.

• Pre-requisites: artist to draw and design the flagship species, appropriate number of printed sticker


Pakpak Bharat Project Plan Goal: To conserve Pakpak Bharat forest ecosystem for the sustainable benefit for the people. Sub Goal 01: Through educating farmer about the relationship between forests, landslides and floods, and understand the benefit of keeping the forest intact, at the end of program, farmer’s involvements in reported conservation activities will increase. Objective 04: By April 2006, there will be at least one village regulation that mentions water sources and its buffer zone conservation/management within its regulation. Factor in Conceptual Model Targeted by the Objective: Lack of forest information, lack of insufficient education material, lack of biodiversity studies of Pakpak Bharat Project Assumptions:

1. Field observations show that Traditional Community Council has strong influences in the community

2. Personal communications with local elder revealed that in Kecupak and Rumerah village there was a traditional value that tells people to plant one tree if they cut one.

3. By exposing the community with education and awareness programs, it is assumed that there will be significant changes in the community knowledge about forest conservation





Activity 1 (A1): Host traditional community meetings (focus group) and discuss about reforestation and general conservation issues

• Why do this activity? Traditional community/clans have strong influences at Pakpak Bharat.

• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart will arrange meetings to discuss about specific issues

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart, local partners • Who will this activity target? Traditional community council • Where will this activity take place? Kecupak, Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? September-October 2004 • Assumptions: By working together with traditional council which has great

influences across Pakpak, it is assumed that conservation activities will have stronger chance to success and reach wider and deeper within the community


• Pre-requisites: approval by relevant institution, flipchart, traditional wisdom papers

Activity 2(A2): The production and distribution of Legislation Booklet to raise general public’s awareness and understanding of the law about flagship species and Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas


• How will this activity be carried out? Project Counterpart will study the law information available, printed and distributed throughout the Pakpak Bharat, trough appropriate channels.

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart, Akbar Ario Digdo • Who will this activity target? Law enforcements, government officer • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? July 2005 • Assumptions: It is assumed that by giving information about legislation to the

people, they will be more enforced to protect the PA • Pre-requisites: Conservation law books, appropriate number of printed booklet

Activity 3 (A3): Producing and broadcasting radio spot about conservation and legislation issues of Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas

• Why do this activity? In order to reinforce conservation messages for general public in wider area.

• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart will solicit support from government agency, to involve them in designing the radio spot. This will broadcasted together with radio song

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart, Akbar Ario Digdo • Who will this activity target? General public • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? Pre production, September 04 Recording,

Broadcasting September 04-February 05, together with radio song • Assumptions: It is assumed that will be able to deliver the key messages about

conservation throughout Pakpak area. • Pre-requisites: design of the spot, local radio station, source materials


Pakpak Bharat Project Plan Goal: To conserve Pakpak Bharat forest ecosystem for the sustainable benefit for the people. Sub Goal 02: Through educating general public about protected areas in Pakpak Bharat, at the end of program the community will maintain the condition of Pakpak Bharat forests therefore reducing pressure for the conservation area. Objective 01: By April 2006, farmer will be informed about protected areas in Pakpak Bharat and 30% up from 10% of them can mention the name of Protected Areas correctly Factor in Conceptual Model Targeted by the Objective: Lack of forest information, lack of insufficient education material, lack of biodiversity studies of Pakpak Bharat Project Assumptions:

1. Survey revealed that 56% general public has not been involved in conservation activities.

2. Survey also indicated only 10% of total respondents (n=421) can cited the name of the PA’s. Furthermore, only 11.2 % of farmer respondents (n=187) could mentioned PA’s name correctly.

3. By exposing the community with education and awareness programs, It is assumed that there will be significant changes in the community knowledge about the ecological functions of protected areas and the importance of forest conservation

4. In the KAP continuum, farmers are in the medium knowledge phase 5. Barriers for farmers will be:

a. Lacking conservation activity before b. Low level of knowledge of conservation c. Conservation issues are in lower priority compared to economical issues




3. Providing farmers about the importance roles of protected areas will reduce pressure toward this area.


Activity 1(A1): The production and distribution attractive poster to raise general public’s interest and awareness of the flagship species and Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas Activity 2(A2): The production and distribution of Legislation Booklet to raise general public’s awareness and understanding of the law about flagship species and Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas


Activity 3(A3): Public Transportation Business outreach

• Why do this activity? To involve business owner to the conservation activities, and to reach wider public

• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart will solicit support from local business, such as transportation business let their vehicles as a “moving conservation billboards”. The “billboards” will be painting with flagship theme and key messages. This vehicle can also be provided with quiz and rewards, e.g.: five free tickets for whom able to answer conservation questions correctly.

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart: Akbar Ario Digdo, with help from CI’s communication and awareness specialist

• Who will this activity target? Local business and their clients, general public • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? November-December 2004 • Assumptions: It is assumed that by involving local transportation business, the

conservation messages will be able to reach wider community, especially to the user of public transportations

• Pre-requisites: public transport vehicles, art designer, paint.


Pakpak Bharat Project Plan Goal: To conserve Pakpak Bharat forest ecosystem for the sustainable benefit for the people. Sub Goal 02: Through educating general public about protected areas in Pakpak Bharat, at the end of program the community will maintain the condition of Pakpak Bharat forests therefore reducing pressure for the conservation area. Objective 02: By April 2006, at least there will be two new biodiversity/wildlife researches within Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas. Factor in Conceptual Model Targeted by the Objective: Lack of forest information, lack of insufficient education material, lack of biodiversity information Project Assumptions:

1. Stakeholder meetings revealed that stakeholders felt that Pakpak Bharat needs more research about biodiversity, especially within the protected areas

2. Survey revealed that only 11,2 % farmer could mentioned PA’s name correctly 3. By exposing the community with education and awareness programs, It is

assumed that there will be significant changes in the community knowledge about forest conservation

4. There are several companies that expressing their interest in providing support for this activity


1. Although the three protected areas (Siranggas, Gn. Simpon/Deleng Simpon) already had legal status – conservation activities will strengthen its legal status as well as the acknowledgement from community.

2. 56% general public hasn’t been involved in conservation activities. 3. Raising community awareness about forest ecological services will make them

preserve the remaining forest at Pakpak Bharat. 4. Providing farmers with alternative agriculture/agroforestry methods will reduce

threats to the Pakpak Bharat forests ecosystem. 5. Each of the community components requires specific kind of materials or

approach to deliver the messages. Activity 1 (A1): Biodiversity research awards for university students

• Why do this activity? To draw attention of young researcher to do their research in Pakpak Bharat, their research will be used as supplemental information for local government and other organizations

• How will this activity be carried out? - Project counterpart will create team consisted of CI biodiversity

researchers, Pakpak Bharat people representative and from KSDA (Government Nature Conservation Agency)

- Announcement will directly to the universities in North Sumatra which has relevant field of studies; biology and forestry


- Students who want to do their thesis in Pakpak Bharat will be encouraged to send their research proposals in coordination with their universities to the team

- Team will select several award winner according to an appropriate criteria - The winners will be awarded supports to do his/her research in Pakpak

Bharat - Every process of the research will be monitored by the team - The project counterpart will solicit government and/or private sector

sponsorship for support for the winners. - The research result will be exposed to general public in a seminar in

Pakpak Bharat - The research result will be published news sheet or newspapers

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart, local partners • Who will this activity target? University Students and General Public • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? Launched November 2004 • Assumptions: It is assumed that this activity will be able draw more attentions of

young scientist from North Sumatra to do their thesis research in Pakpak Bharat • Pre-requisites: proposals to universities, proposals from university’s students


Pakpak Bharat Project Plan Goal: To conserve Pakpak Bharat forest ecosystem for the sustainable benefit for the people. Sub Goal 02: Through educating general public about protected areas in Pakpak Bharat, at the end of program the community will maintain the condition of Pakpak Bharat forests therefore reducing pressure for the conservation area. Objective 03: By April 2006, there will be draft of local regulations at district level that strengthening Pakpak Bharat PA’s status. Factor in Conceptual Model Targeted by the Objective: Lack of biodiversity information, lack of government attention Project Assumptions:

1. 56% general public hasn’t been involved in conservation activities. 2. Stakeholder meetings revealed that stakeholders felt that Pakpak Bharat needs

more research about biodiversity 3. Stakeholder meetings revealed that stakeholders felt that Pakpak Bharat needs

more government attention 4. Local House of Representatives are formalized and willing to collaborate at

district policy level in developing conservation regulation 5. By exposing the community with education and awareness programs, It is

assumed that there will be significant changes in the community knowledge about forest conservation

6. In KAP continuum Government officers are in mid attitude level 7. Some barriers for this objective are:

a. Local government is new b. Local House of Representative (local parliament) is new c. There were no local decrees that strengthening Pakpak Bharat PAs



2. As a new developed region, which very close to the Leuser Ecosystem and Leuser NP, as well as its own PA, Pakpak Bharat will need to create local conservation regulations


Activity 1 (A1): Host meetings with House of Representative of Pakpak Bharat and discuss about Pakpak Bharat conservation issues

• Why do this activity? Pakpak Bharat in newly formed area, therefore the local House of Representatives need to be given vision about conservation. Traditional community/clans have strong influences at Pakpak Bharat; therefore it is easier to approach the House of Representative.


• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart will arrange meetings to discuss about specific issues


• Who will this activity target? House of Representative of Pakpak Bharat • Where will this activity take place? Salak, Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? November2004 -March 2005 • Assumptions: It is assumed that if the House of Representatives is one of the

strongest legislative bodies in the area, which able to draft local laws • Pre-requisites: approval by relevant institution, conservation expert, multimedia

equipments. Activity 2(A2): The production and distribution attractive poster to raise general public’s interest and awareness of the flagship species and Pakpak Bharat Protected Areas Activity 3(A3): The production and distribution of news sheets within Pakpak Bharat, especially where people usually gather.

Activity 4(A4): Public Transportation Business outreach Activity 5(A5): The productions of simple documentary movie about Pakpak Bharat and Pride activity

• Why do this activity? To document the whole Pride activities in Pakpak and use it as education materials in the future. This movie will actually boost the pride of a community, if they feel involved in the creation process. This movie can also be a portfolio of Pakpak Bharat and to create better movies.

• How will this activity be carried out? o Project counterpart will arrange a small meeting with local stakeholders to

create a storyline. o The storyline then will be cut into several section to create scenes with the

script o Picture taking will use a simple home video with digital capability, while

all of the activities running o Post production phase e.g. editing will be done in office or available

production house o The documentary movie will be distributed to appropriate stakeholders

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart: Akbar Ario Digdo, with help from CI’s communication and awareness specialist

• Who will this activity target? General public • Where will this activity take place? Pakpak Bharat • When will this activity take place? Picture taking start September 2004-March

2005 launch • Assumptions: Movie or moving picture is one of the most attractive tools in

delivering messages, includes conservation messages. It is assumed by involving community in the creation process the pride of local people will increase, as well as the object covered within the movie.


• Pre-requisites: mini DV video cam, storyline, script, editing hardware-software Activity 6 (A2): The production and distribution of facts sheets booklets for government officers. This booklet will contain information about Protected Forest in Pakpak Bharat and Leuser Ecosystem and its biodiversity

• Why do this activity? In order for government officers of Pakpak Bharat to get accurate information about biodiversity, therefore can influence their decision making process to lean toward conservation.

• How will this activity be carried out? The project counterpart and local partners with coordination with Education and Cultural and Tourism District Office (Dinas Pendidikan, Kebudayaan dan Pengajaran) will facilitate the information/literature research, design, production and distribution of the fact sheets to the government officers.

• Who will be responsible for this activity? Project counterpart: Akbar Ario Digdo. Project counterpart will also seek for possible support from local institution, either funds or expertise supports.

• Who will this activity target? Government officers • Where will this activity take place? The booklets will be distributed to the

offices, House of Representatives in Pakpak Bharat. • When will this activity take place? Matched with House of Representative

outreach in February and June 2005 or to other important days • Assumptions: It is assumed that this booklet will provide decision makers in local

government with conservation information, which will be able to influence the decision making process to be more conservation sensitive.

• Pre-requisites: Printing agencies, approval by relevant institution, sponsorship from private sector/local partners


Pakpak Bharat Monitoring Plan Goal: To conserve Pakpak Bharat forest ecosystem for the sustainable benefit for the people. Monitoring Strategy: Measure changes over time of Pakpak Bharat target audience’s position in KAP7 continuum

What (indicators)

How (Method & Tasks) When Who Where Comments

Percentages of the target audience in knowledge about conservation

Compare with control group Comparing with 1st survey

month 10 month 10

Project Counterpart

Medan Office, Pakpak Bharat

Reforestation initiatives established

one certain area established as a pilot program for agroforestry

Annually Local partners, adat council

Pakpak Bharat

Sub Goal 01: Through educating farmer about the relationship between forest, landslides and floods, understand the benefit of keeping the forest intact, at April 2006 farmers will optimize the yield of their farmland without open new area Monitoring strategy: Measure changes over time of Pakpak Bharat target audience’s position in KAP continuum

What (indicators)




month 10 month 10

Project Counterpart


7 Knowledge , Attitude and Practice


Objective 01: By April 2006, school student’s involvements in conservation activities will increase by 25%, (reduce “never” answer from 52% to 27% when they asked about involvements in conservation activities). Monitoring strategy: Measures the changes over time in knowledge level of the students

What (indicators)




month 10 month 10

Project Counterpart


Percentages of student involvement in conservation activities

compare with control group compare with 1st survey

month 10 month 10

Project Counterpart


List of activities:

• School visit • Wildlife booklets for school • Orangutan costume • Drawing and writing competition • Puppet show • Composing school song • Producing flipcharts

Objective (02): By April 2006, farmer involvements in conservation activities will increase by 15% (reduce “never” answer from 64% to 49% when they asked about involvements in conservation activities). Monitoring strategy: Measures the changes over time in knowledge level of the farmers

What (indicators)


Percentages of the farmer in knowledge about conservation


month 10 month 10

Project Counterpart


Percentages and type of activities of farmers involvement in conservation activities


month 10 month 10

Project Counterpart




List of activities: • Information sheet • Training/Outreach for farmers • Family quiz • Production of wall clocks • Production of Calendars

Objective (03): By April 2006, ‘Adat’ traditional council with supports general public will provide at least 10 hectares of unmanaged land for reforestation activities as the demonstration plot. Monitoring strategy: measure over time improvements of the unused land management which given for conservation imitative.

What (indicators)


Reforestation initiatives established in Pakpak Bharat

One certain area (approx. 10 ha) is given from community for agroforestry initiatives

annually

Project Counterpart, local partners, Adat

Pakpak Bharat

Number of community involvement in the agroforestry initiatives

Measure number of people involved in the beginning, throughout the following years

annually Project Counterpart, local partners, Adat

Pakpak Bharat

List of activities:

• Community outreach • Production and distribution of posters • Traditional songs writing and broadcast • Sermon sheet productions • Billboards • Sticker


Objective (04): By April 2006, there will be at least one village regulation that mentions water sources and its buffer zone conservation/management within its regulation. Monitoring strategy: to compare available village regulation with the one developed during campaign period

What (indicators)


Village regulation about conservation in regards with traditional knowledge is available

Reference evaluation: Compare with available/before campaign village regulation Assist and facilitate the development of village regulation Relevant stakeholder are exposed to the regulation

September December-January February

Project Counterpart, local partners, Adat

Pakpak Bharat at Kecupak and/or Rumerah

probably will matched with agroforestry initiatives

List of activities

• Traditional/Adat community outreach • Legislation booklet • Radio spot


Pakpak Bharat Monitoring Plan Sub Goal 02: Through educating general public about protected areas in Pakpak Bharat, at the end of program the community will maintain the condition of Pakpak Bharat forests therefore reducing pressure for the conservation area. Monitoring strategy: Measure changes over time of Pakpak Bharat target audience’s position in KAP8 continuum

What (indicators)




month 10 month 10

Project Counterpart


Objective (01): By April 2006, farmer will be informed about protected areas in Pakpak Bharat and 30% up from 10% of them can mention the name of Protected Areas correctly Monitoring strategy: Measure changes over time of farmer’s knowledge about Protected Areas and its functions

What (indicators)


Percentages of the farmers who are able to mention the name of protected forests


month 10 month 10

Project Counterpart


List of activities: • Producing and distributing posters • Producing and distributing legislation booklet • Transportation business outreach

8 Knowledge , Attitude and Practice


Objective (02): By April 2006, at least there will be two biodiversity researches within Pakpak Bharat PA Monitoring strategy: To assist and supervise the progress of the biodiversity research

What (indicators)


Two studies on biodiversity of Pakpak Bharat are available and locally published

Assist and oversee the progress of the research

compare with previously completed research

during the research annually

Project Counterpart, Local Partners


List of activities:

• Biodiversity research award Objective (03): By April 2006, there will be draft of local regulations at district level that strengthening Pakpak Bharat PA’s status Monitoring strategy: To monitor the progress of the proposed draft

What (indicators)


Legal draft of Pakpak Bharat conservation is studied by local government

Assist and facilitate the development of regulation draft Relevant stakeholder are exposed to the legal draft compare with other district’s regulation

October October

Project Counterpart, Local Partners

Pakpak Bharat

Wait for formalization of the House of Representative.

List of activities:

• Host meeting with House of Representatives • Producing and distributing posters • Producing and distributing news sheet • Business outreach • Producing simple documentary movie video • Fact Sheet for government officers


Project Timeline Project/Activities Pre-project Month 1 Mo 2 Mo 3 Mo 4 Mo 5 Mo 6 Mo 7 Mo 8 Mo 9 Mo 10 Mo 11 Mo 12

April -Aug 04 Sept 04 Oct 04 Nov 04 Dec 04 Jan 05 Feb 05 Mar 05 Apr 05 May 05 Jun 05 Jul 05 Aug 05

Project preparation: Stakeholder meeting xxxxxxxxx Community survey xxxxxxxxx Project Plan xxxxxxxxx Advisory Council xxxxxxxxx

Project implementation: Info sheet preparation xxxxxx xxxxxx Info sheet distributions xxxxx xxxxxx Poster preparation xxxxxx xxxxxx Poster distribution xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx Badge preparation & distribution xxxxxx xxxxxx Preparing school visit lecture material xxxxxx School song production xxxxxx Costume production xxxxxx xxxxxx Puppet show production xxxxxx xxxxx Puppet theater show xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx

Monitor puppet show xxxxx xxxxxx School visit xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx Art Competition xxxxx xxxxxx Production of Wildlife & Factsheet booklet xxxxxx xxxxx Distribution of Wildlife booklet for students xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx Distribution of calendar xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx Biodiversity research award xxxxx Environmental Newsheet/comic production xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx Environmental Newesheet/comic dist. xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx Sermon sheet production xxxxx xxxxx Distribute sermon sheet (lembar dakwah) xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx Find artist xxxxxx


Project/Activities Pre-project Mo 1 Mo 2 Mo 3 Mo 4 Mo 5 Mo 6 Mo 7 Mo 8 Mo 9 Mo 10 Mo 11 Mo 12

April –May 04 Sept 04 Oct 04 Nov 04 Dec 04 Jan 05 Feb 05 Mar 05 Apr 05 May 05 Jun 05 Jul 05 Aug 05

Legislation booklet production xxxxx Legislation booklet distribution xxxxxx xxxxx Wall clocks productions xxxxxx xxxxx Adat outreach for referestation xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx Farmer outreach xxxxx xxxxxx Representative House (DPR) discussion xxxxx xxxxxx Transportation Business outreach xxxxx xxxxxx Popular song pre production (radio song) xxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx Popular song recording (radio song) xxxxxx Popular song broadcasting (local radio) xxxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx xxxxx Billboard production xxxxx Billboard placement xxxxx xxxxx Press release xxxxxx xxxxxx Car/Bumper sticker xxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxx Family Quiz xxxxxx xxxxxx Movie xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxx Fact sheets for government officers xxxxxx xxxxxx

Post project assessment & reporting: Post project questionnaire design & distribution xxxxxx Post project questionnaire analysis xxxxxx xxxxx Post project stakeholder meeting xxxxx Final report xxxxx Final report (Indonesia) xxxxx Holiday xxxxx



References Anonymous, 2004, Orangutan Population and Habitat Viability Assessment. Briefing

Book. IUCN/CSBG van Baukering, P.J.H. Cesar, H.P, Jansen, M. 2003 Economic valuation of Leuser

Ecosystem. Journal. Ecological economics. Vol 44 pp 43-62 BPS-SU. 2001. North Sumatra in Figures. Statistical report. North Sumatra Statistical

Bureau. BKSDA-SU.2003. Information Book of North Sumatra Conservation Area Fauzi, Masturyono, McCaffrey R .1999, The Toba Depression, Internet document

< http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/>. Meteorology and Geophysics Agency, Jakarta. Indonesia

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Acknowledgements People of Pakpak Bharat Ebdi Z Beutu, Pakpak Bharat respective person Malik Manik, Education Head of Pakpak Bharat Ni Putu Sarilani Wirawan-Sundjaya, my mentor Edy Hendras Wahyono, my Guru Rully Prayoga and IMA, Abdul Hameed Damanik, my tandem in the field Affan Surya, good man from Sibolangit All Rare and Pride family all around the world Dearest volunteers: Andi Siswanda, Arma Chaniago Yandri Arova, Yudhi Soehardi, Latipah Sarmaida Damanik, Erwin Berutu Aminullah Berutu, Kadir Tumangger Medan Office Sulis DS Hasbee H Abu Lubis Rini Ariani Erwin AP

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Pakpak Bharat North Sumatra-Indonesia · Pakpak Bharat North Sumatra-Indonesia ... Questionnaire Survey Summary 18 ... This eruption causes the cone to collapsed and created Lake