Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
OTROV RAZUMA ILI IZLEČENJE NACIJE
-KANABIS, SAVREMENA (KONTRA)KULTURA i DRUŠTVO-
Vojin Vidanović[email protected]
Beta Pre-Realise verzija
Elektronsko izdanjeSamizdat :-)
Beograd 2005.
SADRŽAJUVOD
I OPŠTE INFORMACIJE 7I-01. ŠTA JE TO KANABIS?
8I-02. INDUSTRIJSKA UPOTREBA
9 I-03. MEDICINSKA UPOTREBA 11I-04. OPOJNA DROGA
14
II KONTRAVERZE 16II- 01. EFEKTI KONZUMIRANJA KANABISA 18II- 02. KANABIS VODI DROGAMA
19II- 03. LOŠA DECA I KRIMINALCI
21II- 04. STVARA ZAVISNOST
22II- 05. UTIČE NA SEKSUALNI ŽIVOT 23II-06. ŠTA TREBA ZNATI 24II-07: RELIGIOZNA BILJKA 25II-08: HOLANDSKI MODEL
26
III. ISTORIJA KANABISA31
III- 01. OD CIVILIZACIJE DO 1900. 32III- 02. 20. VEK - KRIMINALIZACIJA 33III- 03. REEFER MADNESS („DŽOINT LUDILO“) 35
IV. PRAVNI STATUS36
IV-01: LEGALNI ASPEKTI U 2004.37
IV-02. PREGLED PO ZEMLJAMA38
IV-03: PREPORUKE VLADI JAMAJKE 2001. (Engleski)40
2
IV-04: PREDLOG 215 (1996), SAD (Engleski) 41IV-05: REKLASIFIKACIJA KANABISA, BRITANIJA (2004) (Engleski)
43IV-06: PREPORUKE: KANADA )2002) (Engleski)
45IV-07: POSTOJANJE SMRTNE KAZNE (Engleski)
47IV-08: O DEKRIMINALIZACIJI / LEGALIZACIJI 48IV-09: MARIHUANA PARTIJE (Engleski) 49
3
DODATCI52
I – KANABIS I NAŠE DRUŠTVO: PRESS/NET CLIPPING52
P-I-01. MUP BEOGRAD: I TRAVA JE OPASNA53
P-I-02. POLITIKA 27.VI.2002: MARIHUANA NA SVAKOM ĆOŠKU54
P-I-03. POLITIKA 28.VI.2002: NADUVAN KO ZVER56
P-I-04. GLAS JAVNOSTI PITA: GSS 58P-I-05: QUEERIA: MARIHUANA – POJAVA ILI PROBLEM
59P-I-06: DOKTOR.CO.YU: MARIHUANA MOŽE IZAZVATI MOŽDANI UDAR 60P-I-07: BLIC: MARIHUANA U VAJATU 61P-I-08: KONTRAPUNKT – B-92 KAŽIPRST: ZAŠTO SU LJUDI NA
MARIHUANI KRIMINALCI, A NA ALKOHOLU NISU? 62P-I-09: Dr BUKELIĆ: KLJUČEVI RAJA ZA VRATA PAKLA
64
II - KANABIS I KULTURA68
P-II-01. KANABIS I MUZIKA: OPŠTI PREGLED69
P-II-02. EASY SKANKIN / LEGALIZE IT 73
P-II-03. TEKSTOVI PESAMA75
P-II-04. DROGE I POPULARNA MUZIKA A-C63
P-II-05. KANABIS MUZIČKI VREMEPLOV 93P-II-06: RASTA UMETNICI O BILJCI 109
III – INFORMACIJE 112
P-III-01. INTERNET RESURSI 113P-III-02. SADRŽAJ PRATEĆEG CD-a 115
4
Napomena: Internet veze (linkovi – plavi tekst) se mogu pratiti držanjem tastera CTRL i klikom na link. Većina
linkovanog materijala je na engleskom.
MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL! MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL! MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL! MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL! MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL! MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL! MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL! MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL! MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL! MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL! MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL! MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL! MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL! MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL! MARIJUANA IS ILLEGAL!
BUT, SHOULD IT BE LIKE THAT?WAS IT ALWAYS LIKE THAT?WHAT IS MARIJUANA?WHY SHOULD I BE ILLEGAL?
5
KANABIS REČNIK
Napomena: Definicije svih pojmova mogu varirati zavisno od grada ili regiona i kulture. Mogu se izgovarati drugačije (npr. Šatrovački) ili im kontekst može biti drugačiji.
KANABIS
• Herb (opšti naziv – biljka, Jamaica) kod Jamajčana se često koristi kao prosto ime za lišće kanabisa, za Rastafarijance sakrament
• THC (Tetra-Hidro-Kanabinol) – glavni psihoaktivni sastojak kanabisa• Marijuana (Mexican) – Izraz koji je najviše odomaćen, potiče iz Meksika• Hashish (Internacionalno) - Smola kanabisa koja sadrži koncetrovan THC• Pot, MarryJane (USA) – Klasičan ulični izraz u SAD• Bud (USA) – Klasičan Američki izraz koji se odnosi na cvetove kanabisa
(“hedove”)• Chronic – Izraz za izuzetno jak, potentan kanabis, prisutan u rege i rap muzici
(slično Sensi)• Ganja (Jamaica) – Klasičan ulični naziv na Jamajci• Cannabis Sativa (Science) – Naučni naziv za kanabis• Coolie Weed (Jamaica) – čest naziv na Jamajci koji podrazumeva da je reč o biljci
od koje ljudi “kuliraju”• Lambs Bread (Jamaica) – naziv sa kanabis koji sadrži i Biblijsku konotaciju na
trenutak pre Mojsijevog prelaska Crvenog mora kada su svi Jevreji pojeli svoje žrtveno jagnje i gorke biljke, da bi zatim usledilo oslobođenje od ropstva (Exodus, Stari zavet)
• Soma (sanskrit, Indija) – psihodelični nektar bogova, ritualna prirodna droga po Vedama, često se u uličnom rečniku odnosi i na kanabis, pojavljuje se (Soma) u Hakslijevom Vrlom novom svetu/Ostrvu
• Sensimilla, Sensie (Jamaica) – odnosi se na kvalitetan kanabis koji se ilegalno uzgaja na Jamajci – potiče od reči “seedless” (bez semena)
• Wisdom Weed (Jamaica) – odnosi se na “prosvetiteljske” i “religiozne” upotrebe kanabisa i po Rastafarijanskoj legendi je nađena na grobu najpametnijeg čoveka Biblijskog Cara Solomona
• Cheeba Cheeba (USA) – naziv popularan među Američkim reperima• Cutchie (Jamaica)• Bhang (India) – naziv koji kanabisu daju Šaivisti (obožavaoci Šive) čija je on
sveta biljka, obično se pije u obliku čaja ili puši kada ga nazivaju i Charas• Gr ass (International)• Green, Killer Green (International)• The Weed (International)• Tical (USA) – Američki naziv za marihuanu, kod repera videti album Method
Man:Tical• Tampee (Karibi) – Retko korišćeni izraz. Pominje se u Peter Tosh: Legalize It• Džidža (Srbija), Granje (Srbija), Zeleno (Srbija), Duvanje (Srbija) – srpski izrazi
koji se odnose na kanabis, sa izuzetkom poslednjeg koji se odnosi i na kanabis i na pušenje istog, trava, duvka, duvanje, gandža, gandžeza, gras, genja, domaćica, džidža, điđa
• Bud – engleski izraz za cvetove marihuane, potentnije, sa znatno većim %THC-a• Hedovi, Hedovina (Srbija) – srpski izrazi za cvetove marihuane• Hemp – naziv za industrijsku konpolju i njene proizvode u smislu obuće, odeće i
papira nižeg kvaliteta od celuloze (odatle i “hemp made” industrijska oznaka)
6
• Thai Stick (JA,TAI) – Izraz se odnosi na Hemp made štap koji se proizvodi u Tajvanu. U slengu može da znači i imitaciju kanabisa, a Thai Stick je takođe jedan od poznatih rege ritmova (riddims)
• Sleng Teng, Dagga (JA) – Još jedan od naziva koji se odomaćio na Jamajci po izbacivanju prvog ragga digitalnog ritma u pesmi “Sleng Teng”. Sleng Teng je postao jedan od najpoznatijih ragga ritmova i označio je novu eru u regeu – elektronski ragga zvuk (”reggae gone ragga”) upotrebom kompjuterske tehnologije. U novijoj ragga muzici se koristi i izraz “Dagga” za kababis.
• Drugi izrazi –Gold, Stuff,Dope (pažnja ovaj izraz se često odnosi i na heroin), Fatty, Lumpkin, Acapulco Gold, Panama Red (zavisno od porekla iz Akapulka ili Paname), Mota, Boo, Paw, Monkey, Maui, Wovie, Kona, Bomb, Buddha, Chillsprout, Chimichangas, Crunkler, Dak, Dank, Dee, Frodis, Indo, Instaga, KB (engl. Kind bud/Killer bud), kind, Kipp, Mary Jane, Mellow Fellow, Moss, Nugget, Pot, Rope, Scrazzlerb, Shwag (marihuana niskog kvaliteta),Skunk, Smoke, Sticky-icky-icky (u pesmama Snoop Doggy Dogg-a), Tampiko, Tea, Butters, Utter-butters, Whacko-tobacco …
Prevaziđeni pojmovi (nisu u upotrebi) sa početka 20. veka: Mez, Muggles, gage, viper jive.
IZRAZI ZA PUŠENJE I INTOKSINACIJU KANABISA
• Engleski - Getting high, Stoned, Mashed or Mullered (UK), Toking (up), Zonked, Baked, Tore-up, Buzzed, Ripped, Smashed, Lit-up, lifted, faded, (solid) gone, toasted, blazed, blasted, blowed, buttered, throwed, keyed, wasted, basted, gonzo, or fucked up
• Srpski – Napirkan, Naduvan, “Haj”, duva, navaren, vari, izuven ...
IZRAZI ZA POTENTNE BILJKE
(Cross)breeds of plants White widow (light green-white in appearance), C99, AK-47 (C. sativa/C. indica cross), Bubblegum (very sticky), JuicyFruit, Orange Bud and Blueberry (product smells or tastes somewhat like its name); G-13 (developed at the University of Washington); BC Bud (from British Columbia, Canada); Thunderfuck, Northern-lights (these two natives of Alaska), purple haze, kush, Thai or Thai stick (the legitimate product is C. sativa from Thailand or US Grown of Thai seed, the buds being long and treelike in appearance, often with string wrapped in a spiral pattern for the purpose of holding the bud together); Maui Wowie (from Hawai'i); Panama Red (possibly fictional? From the song of that title by The New Riders of the Purple Sage); Alcapulco Gold. The term Thai stick is also used for imitation marijuana.
It should be noted that, in part due to the illegal status of cannabis, many lies about origin and THC content are perpetuated by dishonest sellers to boost sales or justify high prices.
ALATI ZA UPOTREBU
• Rifer (Reefer), Stick, Joint – različiti nazivi za zamotanu cigaretu koja sadrži kanabis
• Spliff (JA) – naziv za džoint, takodje Crutch, Roach• Flop – odomaćeni naziv za kartonski ručni filter za džointe• Rizla - cigaret papir za uvijanje• Bhong – Naprava za vodeno hlađenje• Water Pipe – u narodu ručno napravljeni Bhong, u stvari princip bonga
7
• Nargila – Turski ukrasni sistem za hlađenje a la water pipe, koristi se za aromiranin duvan ali i hašiš
• Chalice (JA) – posebna lula za pušenje kanabisa, sa posebnim osvrtom na religiozni sakrament-relikviju pehar (npr. Sveti gral)
• Džoint", "sprava", "džokavac", "stik", "rifer" – Srpski
8
Dragi čitaoče,
Sa kanabisom se srećemo svakodnevno - u muzici, crtanim serijama, filmovima, knjigama a poneko i u ličnom iskustvu. Pregled koji držiš pred sobom je skromni pokušaj da se demistifikuje kanabis, jedna od najkontraverznijih biljaka danas. Razlog za pisanje ovakvog „zbornika“ jeste subjektivnost, iracionalnost i vatrenost stavova o kanabisu koji se mogu čuti i kod nas. Sa jedne strane su iskustva korisnika, mističnost koja gotovo uzdiže kanabis na religiozni nivo a sa druge strane oštra osuda policije, zdravstvenih radnika i sociologa i nedovoljna informisanost i gotovo paranoidnost mnogih - počev od roditelja i prosvetnih radnika. Ona jeste donekle opravdana u vremenu kada vladaju hemijske opojne droge koje izazivaju brzu zavisnost, ali se zaboravlja da je izvorno značenje droge lek, i da kanabis postoji mnogo duže od stvaranja tržišta droge u 20. veku.
Veoma je izvesno da je kriminalizacija kanabisa kao „novog državnog neprijatelja broj jedan“, njegova gotovo satanizacija u SAD doprinela njegovom kasnijem tretmanu u međunarodnim dokumentima u istom „košu“ sa supstancama kao što su MDMA (ekstazi), amfetamini, LSD-25, kokain i heroin, sa kojima deli vrlo malo – svoje blage psihoaktivne efekte
Pokušaću da iz prilično formalnih i priznatih izvora predstavim informacije (jednim delom dokumentom, drugim delom pratećim CD-om) koje o kanabisu plasiraju domaće i strane vlade, zdravstveni programi prevencije, psihosavetovališta i programi odvikavanja. Moja ideja je da uključim i stav javnosti i policije kroz „press clipping“ domaćih novina, kao i skore promene u pravnoj regulativi SAD, Kanade, Velike Britanije,Holandije i verovatno Jamajke. Izjave domaćih političara i naučne javnosti su još uvek nedovoljno jasne da bi se stekao utisak da se na „problem kanabisa“ realno sagledava, ma na kojoj strani se nalazio vaš stav. Čini se da su stručnost i pokušaj razumevanja stvarnosti, izneli jedino domaći psihijatri, praktičari u oblasti mentalnog zdravlja pre svega J. Bukelić i Ramah.
U tom smislu će značajan izvor informacija biti iskustva stranih zemalja, koja treba da nam pomognu da nađemo adekvatno rešenje za naše uslove.
Sa druge strane nalazi se prostor dat različitim formalnim i neformalnim udruženjima i pojedincima koji zagovaraju dekriminalizaciju i legalizaciju kabisa i o čijim obaveštenjima uglavnom možete čitati na Internetu ili u fanzinima. Oni predstavljaju vrstu urbane i kulturne alternative koja zbog svojih liberalnih stavova – kod nas posebno, ali svuda u svetu, trpi različite forme represije – od osude i etiketiranja do hapšenja, otvaranja dosijea, zatvorskih kazni, novčanih kazni ili gašenja novina i sajtova. Sumnjam da će ovaj „pregled informacija“ moći da stvori zaista objektivnu sliku, njegova namena je da informiše i omogući razumevanje i eventualno preispitivanje sopstvenih stavova i postupaka. Trebalo bi doći i do javnog dijaloga između dve naizgled nepomirljive struje: jedne koja zagovara da je reč o „otrovu razuma“ i „drogi koja vodi daljoj narkomaniji“ i onog drugog koji kaže da je reč o prirodnom biljnom relaksantu koji je nepravedeno zabranjen, gotovo »biljci mudrosti«. Njihov stav je da treba liberalizovati upotrebu i proizvodnju ove biljke – za dobro mnogih, a ne samo pušača kanabisa.
Više je nego izvesno da se na globalnom nivou klima prema (zlo)upotrebi kanabisa polako menja, i da se stare predrasude polako napuštaju čak i u naučnim krugovima. Sve više se u prvi plan stavljaju prevencija bolesti zavisnosti i programi smanjenja štete (harm reduction) sa strane nauke i sa strane vlada delimična liberalizacija kanabisa. Ovu gotovo Kopernikansku promenu u svetu »malih zelenih« možemo da zahvalimo uglavnom novim teorijama i praksom humanističkih nauka i zdravstva, ali i kanabis aktivistima. Međutim, više je nego očigledno da kod nas još uvek preovladava izrazito patrijarhalan i krut stav po kome »narkomana odmah treba ubiti«, ili sa druge strane delimična ili potpuna neinformisanost i negiranje stvarnosti. Protiv neznanja se borimo.
Ovaj tekst nije »propagiranje droge«, već ukazivanje na neke od životnih činjenica. Potpuno bi neprofesionalno i neprimereno bilo zalagati se za to da bilo ko treba da uzima droge, no činjenica da postoji potreba ljudi za relaksacijom koja je najočiglednija u količini duvana, alkohola i lekova relaksanta koje se dnevno troše širom sveta. U tom smislu treba preispitati da li nam legalnost kanabisa, po svim odlikama znatno blaže droge i većeg leka od svih sintetičkih zabranjenih droga i mnogih legalnih, donosi veću korist ili štetu. Posebno treba uzeti u obzir sudbinu koju korisnici kanabisa doživljavaju širom sveta – uvođenje u policijske dosijee što se doživotno odražava na njihovu karijeru, izbacivanje sa posla ili prosta ali efikasna socijalna diskriminacija. Politika kriminalizacije, zbog koje su očigledno u zastoju medicinska i industrijska upotreba kanabisa, pretvorila je ovu billjku u masovnu zabavu mladih, „jevtino zabranjeno voće“.
Teško da je kategorizacija kanabisa u ilegalnim supstancama sa supstancama poput heroina činjenično održiva. Fizička zavisnost razvija se jače i brže od nikotina ili akohola nego od kanabisa. Siguran sam da je vaša psihička zavisnost od Milke, Koka Kole ili TV Pinka prilično velika.
Ovaj nabrzinu napravljen dokument za potrebe Kanabis marša u Srbiji ostaje otvoren za sve stručne i laičke komentare, sugestije, dodatke i slobodan je za distribuciju, ali ne i prepravke bez konsultovanja sa autorom (priređivačem). It`s Just A Little Herb,mailto:[email protected]
9
10
I OPŠTE INFORMACIJE
I-01: ŠTA JE TO KANABIS? 8I-02: INDUSTRIJSKA UPOTREBA 9I-03: MEDICINSKA UPOTREBA KANABISA 11I-04: KANABIS KAO OPOJNA DROGA 14
I-01: ŠTA JE TO KANABIS?
Izvor Wikipedija, besplatna Internet enciklopedija
Kanabis je jednogodišnja biljka koja pripada familiji Cannabaceae , ranije klasifikovana u red Urticales, a kasnije u red Rosales. Postoji filogenetska kontraverza da li su varijeteti koji se uzgajaju varijeteti jedne vrste (Cannabis sativa) ili predstavljaju različite vrste (kao što su Cannabis indica, Cannabis ruderalis, ili Cannabis americana. Različite vrste kanabisa rastu u većini klimatskih uslova. Snažni fiberi biljke poznati su kao hemp i imaju mnoge namene, uključujući proizvodnju odeće, konopca i papira. Seme kanabisa koristi se u hrani za ptice i vredan je izvor proteina, energije i masti. Sadrži blago halucinogene i druge psihoaktivne i fiziološki aktivne hemikalije poznate kao “kanabinoidi”, odnosno aktivnu supstancu THC. Cvetovi (engl. buds) i listovi (engl. leaves) biljke koriste se rekreativno i medicinski; tako pripremljeni često se nazivaju marijuana (arhaično: marihuana; videti ulične nazive)i danas se obično konzumiraju oralno pušenjem ili vaporizacijom. Koncentrovanan THC koji se dobija iz smolastog sekreta bljke poznata je kao hašiš. Istorijski, tinkture, čajevi i ulja su veoma poznati preparati, posebno medicinski.
Fiziologija biljkeKanabis se reprodukuje seksualno. Ženska
billjka formira cvetove koji reprodukuju stotine semenki. Muške biljke dostižu seksualnu zrelost nekoliko nedelja pre ženskih. Iako geni odlućuju koji će biti pol biljke, faktori sredine mogu priomeniti pol biljke. Dakle biljke kanabisa su prirodni hermafroditi, sa muškim i ženskim delovima. 'Feminizirano' seme u komercijalnoj prodaji dobijeno je od veštačko ženskih biljaka kojima se hormonskim tretmanom uklanjaju muške odlike.
Kanabis koristi C3 fotosintezu, tako da ne zavisi od noćnog ciklusa i absorpcije karbon dioksida. Kanabis u fazi vegetativnog rasta može izdržati 24 sata uslova dnevnog svetla, iako neki uzgajivači zagovaraju male periode odmora kako se biljka ne bi izmorila. Cvetanje se događaja kada tama pređe 11 sati po danu i može trajati i šest nedelja.
THC aktivni sastojak
Glavna psihoaktivna supstanca je Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (takođe poznat kao D-9-THC ili THC), iako sama biljka sadrži ukupno 60 kanabinoida uključujućidva druga u značajno visokoj koncentraciji - kanabinol i kanabidiol.
Razlike u hemijskom sastavu vrsta kanabisa mogu izazvati veoma različite reakcije kod ljudi, i kompleksnost sastava biljke je jedan od razloga zašto su efekti značajno drugačiji od sintetičke verzije THC-a - dronabinola. Iako je potentnost većine vrsta kanabisa teška za merenje, većina biljaka kanabisa sadrži ispod 8% THC-a. Selektivno uzgajanje modernim tehnikama kultivacije (npr. “hydroponics”) stvorile su vrste sa 25% THC-a. Postoje i vrste koje sadrže 2-3% THC-a, kao što su one koje se posebno uzgajaju za hemp. Njihovo pušenje izaziva veoma blage efekte. Na THC sadržaj značajno utiče pol biljke, pri čemu ženske biljke proizvode značajno više.
Vrste koje nemaju seme, dobijene iz jednopolinisanih ženskih biljaka, sa visokim procentom THC-a se ponekada nazivaj sinsemilla (Španski: "bez smena").
11
Scientific classification
Kingdom: PlantaePodela: MagnoliophytaKlasa: MagnoliopsidaRed: RosalesFamilija: CannabaceaeRod: CannabisVrsta: sativa
Binomial name
Cannabis sativa
I-02: INDUSTRIJSKA UPOTREBA
Za razliku od ženske biljke kanabisa koja se koristi za dobijanje marihuane odnosno hašiša (odnosno čiji cvetovi i lišće jesu droga zvana marihuana) muška biljka kanabisa upotrebljava se u industriji za proizvodnju konopca i jednim delom grublje odeće, obuće i materijala sličnih papiru. Ovu primenu kanabis ima oko 12 000 godina. U Americi je bila jedan od osnovnih proizvoda u vreme kolonija, pre oslobođenja. Zanimljivo je da o kvalitetu hemp proizvoda u govori da su Džordž Vašington i Tomas Džeferson (tvorci SAD) proizvodili hemp papir. U toku Drugog svetskog rata je vojska SAD kreirala kampanju »Hemp for victory« (Hemp za pobedu) kako bi podstakla proizvodnju hemp-a kao alternative celuloznim proizvodima. U praksi se pokazalo da je hemp papir dugotrajniji od celuloznog, da ne žuti i da se odlično reciklira. Proizvodi od hempa generalno su jači i/ili lakši od proizvoda od drveta. Zbog svoje izdržljivosti i lakoće reciklaže mnogi industrijski giganti poput Forda i BMW su eksperimentisali sa upotrebom hempa.
Vlakna kanabisa su duža, jača i otpornija od pamučnih. Ulje kanabisa ima izuzetno visoku proteinsku i energetsku vrednost – do 25% proteinskog sastava. Neki od sastojaka kanabisovog ulja kao što su amino kiseline, mogu se naći samo još u majčinom mleku. Ulje kanabisa može se preraditi u ukusne i nutricionističke proizvode. Seme kanabisa, koja se dobija u velikim količinama, danas se »steriliše« i koristi kao hrana za ptice. Zanimljivo je da proizvodi koji sadrže hemp bolje blokiraju UV zračenje. Ulje kanabisa (hemp-a) može se naći u losionima, sapunima i drugim kozmetičkim proizvodima. U smislu hrane moguća je proizvodnja energetskih štanglica, veganskih burgera, siru koji nije napravljen od mleka i određenoj vrsti hleba.
Dakle, zbog svih svojih karakteristika hemp se opravdano smatra značajnim i višestruko korisnim usevom.
Zanimljivo je da je Rudolf Dizel originalni dizel motor iz 1893. dizajnirao tako da radi na bazi biljnih ulja. Kao ekološko gorivo hemp nailazi na mnoge pobornike. Sve ove materije sadrže male količine THC-a, nedovoljne da izazovu psihoaktivne efekte.
Kako je kanabis (odnosno THC) generalno ilegalna supstanca, njegova proizvodnja i u industrijske svrhe (odnosno proizvodnja hempa) podlaže strogom vladinom licenciranju, što je najveća prepreka širokoj rasprostranjenosti »hemp made« proizvoda. Istina je da se istovremeno moraju uzgajati i hemp i marihuana kao muška i ženska biljka, ali i da je moguće selekcijom regulisati nivo THC-a. Za razliku od SAD, EU subvencioniše uzgajanje hemp-a. Hemp se uzgajao komercijalno do 1937. kada je Marihuana poreskim zakonom donet enormno visok porez koji je ugrozio isplativost njenog uzgajanja da bi 1950. njegova proizvodanja bila i potpuno zabranjena. Preko 30 industrijskih demokratija, uključujući i Kanadu u dokumentima koji se tiču kanabisa, izuzimaju hemp i dozvoljavaju njegov uzgoj.
Kanabis je do danas opstao kao biljka koja se izuzetno lako gaji, brzo raste i daje dobre useve. Kanabis aktivisti smatraju da bi šira upotreba kanabisa za proizvodnju papira, hrane i kao što ćemo uskoro videti – goriva doprinela spasavanju seće šuma zarad celuloze ili opštem zagađenju usled upotrebe tzv. nečistih izvora energije (nuklearna energija, ugalj, tečno gorivo ...). Procena Severnoameričkog Hemp Industrijskog Saveta (NAHIC http://naihc.org) je da se od kanabisa može dobiti oko 25 000 proizvoda.
Nažalost, kriminalizacija kanabisa onemogućava šire eksperimentisanje na ovim osnovama, i svaku privatnu proizvodnju tretira kao »proizvodnju i puštanje u promet opojnih droga« u znatnom delu sveta, počev od SAD do Srbije, ignorišući većinu mogućih korisnih efekata kanabisa kao industrijske biljke. U gotovo svakoj zemlji vojska i policija organizovano pale polja kanabisa koja seljaci seju jer im donosi veću zaradu od gajenja mnogih drugih kultura.
U prilog dekriminalizacije industrijske proizvodnje govore i mnoga skorija istraživanja:
• Prema dr Dejvidu Vestu nivoi THC-a u industrijskom kanabisu su tako mali da je nemoguće dobiti psihoaktivne efekte. Tačnije, hemp sadrži visok nivo CBD-a, supstance koja blokira THC 1.
• Protivnici legalizacije hempa misle da će hemp polja služiti za ukrštanje i proizvodnju kanabisa, međutim ukrštanje velikih količina marihuane i hempa dovodi do pada THC-a (pri proizvodnji kanabisa
1 West, David P, Hemp and Marijuana: Myths and Realities (Madison, WI: North American Industrial Hemp Council,
1998), p.
12
muške biljke – hemp – se brzo ubijaju). 12 marta 1998. Kanada je legalizovala gajenje hempa pod uslovom da je nivo THC-a do 0,3% i da se sve semenke setifikuju2.
• Centar za biznis i ekonomsko istraživanje Univerziteta u državi Kentaki (jednom od nekada velikih proizvođača hemp-a) procenio je da bi neto profit farmera varirao od 200 - 600$ za akr sertifikovanog semena. Jedina isplatljivija00000 biljka je duvan3.
• Zanimljivo je da je februara 2004. doneta prva presuda da DEA (Agencija SAD za borbu protiv narkotika) nemože zabraniti upotrebu hemp-a i uopšte proizvoda koji na prirodan način sadrže THC 4.
• Do sada su države SAD: Merilend, Havai, Severna Dakota i Minesota dopustile proizvodnju hempa 5.
KORIST OD UZGANJA HEMP-a
• Izdržljivost: Hemp, kao i svaki kanabis, rate u velikom varijetetu klima i vrsta zemljišta. Ne zahteva upotrebu pesticida, i ostavlja zemlju upotrebljivom za naredni usev. Hemp daje 3-8 suvih tona vlakana po akru što je četvorostruko povoljnije od šume.
• Papir: Hemp se može obraditi u fini papir koji se može reciklirati nekoliko puta češće od celuloznog papira. Boja i sastav hemp-a zahtevaju manje hemikalija od obrade drveta. Takođe širokom upotrebom hempa bi se spasile zelene površine a time i značajni prirodni rezervati životinjskih i biljnih vrsta i izvor kiseonika i smanjivač globalnog zagrevanja
• Odeća: Hemp može uspešno da zameni pamuk. Sa ekološke strane oko 50% upotrebljenih pesticida se stavlja na pamuk, što nije potrebno hempu.
• Hrana: Od hemp (kanabis) ulja se može proizvesti kalorična i zdrava hrana. Vredi pogledati sajt www.coolhemp.com na kome su u ponudi energetski kolači, smrznuti dezerti, proteinski prah, sladoledi i sl. Oni nemaju ukus konopca, ne sadrže THC, ukusni su i pristupačnih cena.
• Gorivo: Najzanimljiviji projekat sa tematikom biogoriva je svakako Hemp Car - www.hempcar.org kao i sajt Nacionalnog biodizel borda www.biodiesel.org. Ova dva projekta najveći su pobornici upotrebe »biodizel« goriva koje se pravi od mešavine hemp ulja, drugih biljnih ulja i životinjskih masti. Biodizel se može koristiti u nemodifikovanim dizel motorima. Upotrebom biodizela značajno bi se smanjila zagađenost, smanjila zavisnost sveta od nafte. Biodizel se može mešati sa klasičnim benzim dizelom u bilo kojoj proporciji. Biodizel proizvodi 100% manje sulfor dioksida i 80% manje karbon dioksida. Biodizel je sigurniji za transport jer nije toskičan, prirodno se razgrađuje i teže je zapaljiv. Miris biodizela je sličan mešavini mirisa hempa, pomfrija i kokica. Ne proizvodi sumpor (a time smanjuje rizik od kiselih kiša) i ne doprinosi globalnom zagrevanju. Kada bi se samo 6% SAD zasadilo hempom za proizvodnju biodizela, bile bi podmirene Američke potrebe za naftom6.
Linkovi:
Hempcar project www.hempcar.orgCool Hemp food www.coolhemp.com
2 West, David P, Hemp and Marijuana: Myths and Realities (Madison, WI: North American Industrial Hemp Council,
1998)., pp. 4, 21.3 Tompson, Eric C., PhD, Berger, Mark C., PhD, and Allen, Steven N., Economic Impacts of Industrial Hemp in Kentucky
(Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky, Center for Business and Economic Research, 1998), p. 21.4 Terence Chea, Associated Press, “Appeals Court Rejects DEA Bid To Outlaw Hemp Foods,” Feb. 6, 2004.
5 Montgomery, Lori, Washington Post Staff Writer, Maryland Authorizes the Production of Hemp, The Washington Post,
May 19, 2000, p. B1, B5.
6
13
I-03: MEDICINSKA UPOTREBA
Kanabis se medicinski koristio i drevnim društvima Indije, Kine i u tradiciji narodne medicine mnogih kultura. U medicini zapadnih društava se obično pojavljuje kao tinktura sredinom 19. veka. Najpoznatiji korisnik je svakako Kraljica_Viktorija kojoj je kanabis prepisao lekar, radi ublažavanja menstrualnih bolova. Do kraja 19. veka njegova medicinska upotreba, pre svega kao olakšivača bolova, naglo opada pojavom droga kao što je aspirin.
Kanabis se danas retko propisuje od strane lekara zbog ilegalnog statusa u većini zemalja. Najčešće se propisuje kao stimulator apetita i olakšivač bola za terminalne bolesti koje uključuju rak i SIDU. Medicinska upotreba kanabisa je veoma kontraverzno pitanje, i često se o njoj govori kao o medicinskoj marihuani. Upotreba marihuane u medicinske svrhe bila je rasprostranjenija od njene upotrebe kao opojne droge do 30-ih godina 20. veka. Primer može biti, sajt www.jamaicans.com koji promoviše turizam na Jamajci, gde se pod listom narodnih lekova decidirano može naći i gandža u formi čaja i kapi za oči kao preporučeni lek za dijabetes, astmu i glaukomu.
Kao referentne, preuzeću podatke iz moje omiljene Internet enciklopedije Wikipedie, pod pretpostavkom da je enciklopedijsko znanje objektivizirano.
- VIKIPEDIJA O MEDICINSKOM KANABISU -
Kanabis se koristio za medicinske svrhe najmanje 2 000 godina. Preostali tekstovi iz Kine, Indije, Grčke i Persije potvrđuju da su halucinogene osobine bile poznate, i da su je drevni doktori upotrebljavaki za tretman raznolikih bolesti – gastrotestinalne poremećaje, nesanicu, kao olakšivač bola često pri porođajima. Najstariji zapis o medicinskoj marihuani je Ry-Va (stara indijska Farmakopedija), za koju se veruje da potiče iz 1 500 pre Hrista. Ove drevne upotrebe su odlično dokumentovane ali nema naučnog dokaza za kanabis kao korisnu medicinu.
Kanabis je poznat kao lek u čitavom svetu i u periodu 19. veka. Korišćen je kao ublaživač bolova sve do pronalaska aspirina. Moderna medicinska i naučna istraživanja počinju doktorima kao što su O'Shaughnessy i Moreau de Tours, koji su je koristili za tretman melanholije, migrena, kao lek za spavanje, analgetiki antikonvulzant.
Do veremena kada je SAD zabranila svaku upotrebu biljke (prva zemlja koja je to učinila),ona nije bila ekstremno popularna. Jedini protivnik zakona The Marihuana Tax Act, bili su predstavnici Američke_medicinske_asocijacije.
Kasnije tokom veka, istraživači su tokom istraživanja testova za otkrivanje intoksinacije marihuanom otkrili da smanjuje očni pritisak, kloji izaziva slepilo kod pacijenata obolelih od glaukome. Mnogi lekari su smatrali da njena upotreba može zaustaviti slepilo.
Veterani Vijetnamskog rata koji su pušili marihuanu radi relaksacije, verovali su da može opustiti zatezanje mišića koja nastaje povredama kičme u borbama. Dalja ispitivanja su se uglavnom odnosila na ulogu kanabisa u prevenciji sindroma gubitka apetita usled hemoterapije i SIDE, kao i da može pomoći u poremećako,a mišića i skeleta. Ređe je kanabis korišćen u tretmanu alkoholizma i zavisnosti od droga poput heroina kao i u prevenciji migrena.
1972. Tod H. Mikuriya, M.D. ponovo je započeo debatu o marihuani kao leku objavljivanjem "Marijuana Medical Papers 1839-1972".
U poznim 1970-im THC primarni aktivni sastojak kanabisa, sintetizovan je u lek Marinol. Korisnici su prijavili nekoliko problema sa lekom i često su napuštali pilulu da bi nastavili da puše biljku. Pacijenti su se žalili na mučninu koja je činila gutanje pilula otežanim. Popušena marihuana uzimala je efekat odmah i time se lakše dozirala. Mnogi pacijenti su retko popušili dovoljno da osete mentalne efekte, i mnogi su se žalili da je marinol potentniji nego što je potrebno i da njegovi mentalni efekti čine dnevno funkcionisanje nemogućim. Marinol je takođe bio skuplji, sa cenom od nekoliko stotina dolara godišnje, dok se kanabis za pušenje mogao lako uzgajati. Mnogi korisnici su smatrali da je Marinol manje efektan i da su medicinski efekti bili katastrofalniji-
14
Tokom 70-ih i 80-ih šest Američkih država je sprovelo studije o korisnosti medicinske marihuane koje se danas smatraju najkorisnijim i pionirskim studijama o temi.
Rane studije o efikasnosti
Novi Meksiko
Studija je odobrena od strane Administracije_za_hranu i lekove, i uključila je 250 pacijenata, upoređujući pušenje kanabisa i oralnu upotrebu THC-a. Svi pacijenti su pregledani redovno i nisu imali nusefekte mučnine. Pacijenti su sami birali između pušenja kanabisa i THC pilula. Višestruki subjektivni i objektivni standardi su korišćeni u određivanju efektivnosti.
• Zaključak: Marihuana je superiornija od najboljeg sličnog leka Compazine, i pušenje marihuane je očigledno superiornije od upotrebe sintetičkog leka. "Više od 90% pacijenata koji su dobijali marihuanu prijavilo je značajno ili potpuno olakšanje od mučnine i povraćanja. ". Nije bilo ozbiljnih nusefekata izuzev onih koji nisu uključivali samo upotrebu marihuane. Izveštaj se može pogledati na prateći_ovaj_link
(Radi konciznosti, priređivač preskače slične rezultate u državama Nju Jork, Tenesi, Kalifornija, Mičigen, Džordžija koje možete pogledati na Internetu)
Linkovi
Citati modernih medicinskih izveštaja o marihuani na Internetu
• report on and index of marijuana medical studies by Todd Mikuriya, M.D. • Janet E. Joy, Stanley J. Watson, Jr., and John A Benson, Jr., "Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing
the Science Base," Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, Institute of Medicine (Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1999). o "The accumulated data indicate a potential therapeutic value for cannabinoid drugs, particularly for symptoms such as pain relief, control of nausea and vomiting, and appetite stimulation." and ""At this point there are no convincing data to support (the concern that medical marijuana would lead to an increase in recreational use). The existing data are consistent with the idea that this would not be a problem if the medical use of marijuana were as closely regulated as other medications with abuse potential."
• index of studies involving marijuana and multiple sclerosis • Doblin et al., Marijuana as Antiemetic Medicine: A Survey of Oncologists' Experiences and
Attitudes," Journal of Clinical Oncology , Vol. 9, No. 7, July 1991. o A random survey of oncologists found that 44% had illegally recommended marijuana for the control
of vomiting and that 48% would do so if it were legal -- a total of 92% would recommend it; 54% thought it should be available by prescription
• Vinciguerra et al., Inhalation Marijuana as an Antiemetic for Cancer Chemotherapy," The New York State Journal of Medicine , pgs., 525-527, October 1988 o 56 patients who had achieved no success with other antiemetics; 72% found success -- the study also concluded that smoked marijuana was more effective than oral THC pills
• Chang et al., Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol as an Antiemetic in Cancer Patients Receiving High Dose Methotrexate; Annals of Internal Medicine , Volume 91, Number 6, pg. 819-824, December 1979 o A double-blind controlled study found a 72% reduction in nausea and vomiting; the study also concluded that smoked marijuana was more effective than oral THC
• Foltin, R.W., Brady, J.V. and Fischman, M.W. 1986. Behavioral analysis of marijuana effects on food intake in humans. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior. 25: 577-582; and Foltin, R.W. et al., 1988 Effects of Smoked Marijuana on Food Intake and Body Weight of Humans Living in a Residential Laboratory," Appetite 11:1-14; Greenberg, et al. 1976 Effects of Marijuana use on Body Weight and Caloric Intake in Humans; Psychopharmacology 49: 79-84. o These three studies concluded that marijuana increases appetite
• Sallan, S.E., Zinberg, N.E. and Frei, D., Antiemetic Effect of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in Patients Receiving Cancer Chemotherapy; New England Journal of Medicine, 293(16): 795-797 (1975). o Study concluded that smoked marijuana was more beneficial than synthetic THC for some patients
15
• Donald P. Tashkin, MD, "Effects of Smoked Marijuana on the Lung and Its Immune Defenses: Implications for Medicinal Use in HIV-Infected Patients"; Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, Vol. 1, No. 3/4, 2001, pp. 87-102 o "Frequent marijuana use can cause airway injury, lung inflammation and impaired pulmonary defense against infection. The major potential pulmonary consequences of habitual marijuana use of particular relevance to patients with AIDS is superimposed pulmonary infection, which could be life threatening in the seriously immonocompromised patient. In view of the immonosuppressive effect of THC, the possibility that regular marijuana use could enhance progression of HIV infection itself needs to be considered, although this possibility remains unexplored to date."
• Guy A. Cabral, PhD, "Marijuana and Cannabinoids: Effects on Infections, Immunity, and AIDS"; Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, Vol. 1, No. 3/4, 2001, pp. 61-85 o "However, few controlled longitudinal epidemiological and immunological studies have been undertaken to correlate the immunosuppressive effects of marijuana smoke or cannabinoids on the incidence of infections or viral disease in humans. Clearly, additional investigation to resolve the long-term immunological consequences of cannabinoid and marijuana use as they relate to resistance to infections in humans is warranted."
• Ekert, H., et al. "Amelioration of Cancer Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting by Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol." The Medical Journal of Australia. 1979.
• Sallan, Stephen E., et al. "Antiemetics in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy for Cancer." The New England Journal of Medicine. 1980. 302(3): 135-138.
See also
• Ed Rosenthal
External Links
• National (Australian) Drug and Alcohol Research Centre Prepared for the National Task Force on Cannabis
• pharmacological information on Marinol • History of medical marijuana • United States Drug Enforcement Agency Judge Francis Young's conclusions based on two years of
testimony - "Marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known"
• American Public Health Administration report on medical marijuana • National (US) Institute of Health report on medical marijuana • the text of Hitzig v. Canada is available here; this court declared Canada's Medical Marijuana
Access Regulations unconstitutional "in not allowing seriously ill Canadians to use marijuana because there is no legal source of supply of the drug."
• Overview of human studies on medical marijuana (note: this report was prepared for the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws, an advocacy group)
• Overview of medical, physical and psychological effects by the Veterans Administration Medical Center and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
• THC shrinks tumors, says 2000 Madrid study
16
I-04: OPOJNA DROGA
Iako se mnogi neće složiti sa samim izrazom, danas ternin rekreativne upotrebe droga najbolje opisuje upotrebu supstanci_koje_menjaju_svest, bez nadzora lekara. Pod pojmom rekreativne upotrebe droga ne podrazumeva se upotreba_droga_u_svrhe_duhovnog_istraživanja_i_napretka iako razlika među ova dva načina upotrebe nije uvek jasna. Većina ljudskih društava je kroz istoriju praktikovala upotrebu rekreativnih droga u različitim formama. Verovatno najpoznatiji primer rekreativne droge je alkohol, koji se u različitim formama proizvodi u različitim kulturama. Kao što je slučaj sa drogama uopšte, neke od rekreativnih droga stvaraju zavisnost, neke su štetne za zdravlje, a neke su ilegalne u većini modernih društava. Najpopularnija rekreativna droga modernog društva je kofein koja je prihvaćena u gotovo svim društvima današnjice. Veoma populatne rekreativne droge su alkohol i nikotin u formi duvana. Uprkos svojoj istorijski skorijoj kategorizaciji kao ilegalne droge u većem delu sveta, marihuana je zadržala svoju istorijsku popularnost. Mnoge druge supstance su u sirovoj i prirodnoj formi bile propisivane kao lekovi i rekreativne droge (npr. upotreba opijuma u Kini do 19. veka kada dolazi u Evropu, iili upotreba biljke kokaina) i bile su čak i patentirani lekovi u 19. i početkom 20. veka, ali su razvojem ilegalnog tržišta i svojih hemijskih derivata postale ilicitne (ilegalne) droge.
Rekreativna upotreba kanabisa
Kanabis se koristi u nekoliko formi.
• Osušeni listovi• Osušeni cvetovi, znatno potentniji od listova• Hašiš (“Haš”) koji je skeret biljke, osušen u kockice, i ispresovan u komade koji se u Indiji nazivaju"charas". • "Ulje_hašiša") koje se dobija hemijskim procesom od hašiša i sadrži najveći % THC-a
Najčešće se konzumira motanjem u marihuana cigareta “džointe” ili "spliff"-ove. “Blunt” je najčešći naziv za industrijsku cigaretu kod koje se duvan zamenjuje marihuanom. Ipak, najčešće se mešaju marihuana i duvan.
Drugi načini konzumiranja su pušenje lulama tzv. "bong"-ovima (tzv. Voter pajpovi) kojima se hladi dim kanabisa i uklanjaju neke od kancerogenih supstanci u dimu. Takođe se od hašiša priprema i biće koje se naziva bhang.
Kanabis se može kuvati u hranu kao što su kolači Alice B. Toklas brownies, "space cake", "pot pie," i "hash brownies". Ipak efekti indigesteranog kanabisa počinju obično posle 30 minuta (često i duže), čineći težim za korisnike da regulišu konzumiranje.
Seme kanabisa se jede i peče, i koristi za pravljenje ulja. Nekoliko specijalizovanih restorana koristi ulje kanabisa,sa orijenracijom na klijentelu iz različitih kultura. Semenke kanabisa sadrže malo THC-a.
Drugi metod unošenja je vaporizacija (isparavanje). Vaporizacija dozvolja THC-u di drugim kanabinoidima da se zagrevanjem pretvore u paru – gorenjem biljke. Prednos vaporizacije je što se mnoge teksične supstance u dimu kanabisa i duvana smanjuju kao nusproizvodi sagorevanja. Kada se kanabis zagreje do 190 °C njegovi rezini se pretvaraju u paru koja koja može biti inhalirana.
THC je mast, tako dase kanabi smožes spremati kao dodatak začinima. Tako pripremljen se naziva “bhang” što je tradicionalan metod konzumiranja na Indijskom podkontinentu.
KAKVA JE KANABIS DROGA?
Kanabis je prirodna droga, biljka koja raste na zemlji, uz pomoć sunca i vode. Laka je za proizvodnju kao i svaka poljoprivredna biljka, a kako se kao droga koriste listovi i cvetovi ženske biljke, dobija se srazmerno velika količina po biljci.
Ova prirodna svojstva kanabisa ga čine jevtinim i dostupnim (čak i na crnom tržištu) i njegovi relaksacioni efekti, uticali su da po svojoj kriminalizaciji 30-ih godina 20. veka on postane najrasprostrajenija i najkorišćenija ilegalna droga na svetu. Broj njegovih korusnika može se porediti
17
jedino sa brojem korisnika legalnih droga poput alkohola i nikotina, odnosno legalnih droga – sintetičkih lekova relaksanata (npr. popularni bensedini ili Amerilčki prozak).
Ono što treba istaći je da kanabis nije halucinogena droga u smislu u kome su to LSD-25, inhalirani lepak ili meskalin. On menja svest u smislu izmenjene percepcije, i podstiče fascinaciju zvukom i bojama. Međutim ne izaziva potpune halucinacije, već izaziva kratkotrajne iskrivljene doživljaje stvarnosti (posebno osećaj prostora i vremena). Istina je da zavisno od prethodnog raspoloženja i okruženja, kanabis može izazvati osećaje paranoje i anskioznosti. U smislu kontrolisane upotrebe kanabisa, retko može izazvati paničnu paranoju, tako da nerealno i preterano izgledaju izjave o samoubistvima usled upotrebe kanabisa. Zbog ovakvih efekata kanabis nije poželjno davati deci (maloletnicima), osobama u stanju straha i osobama sa istorijatom mentalnih bolesti.
Kanabis je droga koja relaksira a ne izaziva agresivnost. Besmisleno je govoriti da kanabis podstiče agresivno raspoloženje. Kriminalci ga ponekada koriste kako bi se osećali opuštenije pri svojim (ne)delima, ali on nije uzročnik njihove uvežbane agresivnosti.
Uzimanje kanabisa nema dugotrajan „high“ efekat. Efekat traje nekoliko sati i neminovno vodi opuštanju mišića, lošijoj koordinaciji pokreta, usporavanju intelektualnih operacija i na kraju, snu. Dakle kanabis se ne preporučuje osobama kojima predstoji dugotrajan fizički i intelektualni napor ili u poslovima u kojima je potrebna velika pažnja – vožnja, učenje, precizan rad. Pre svega ga treba posmatrati kao „socijalnu i relaksacionu drogu“.
Smrtni slučajevi pod dejstvom kanabisa najčešći su u saobračaju i na radu, a najveću štetu od hronične upotrebe kanabisa imaju deca i mladi školskog uzrasta.
Tolerancija na kanabis razvija se samo ukoliko se svakodnevno koristii, i tada je potrebna veća količina da bi se postigao isti efekat. Međutim, sam kanabis ne izaziva fizičku zavisnost - potrebu tela za THC-om, za razliku od većina sintetičkih ilegalnih i legalnih droga - uključujući alkohol ili duvan. Nepobitno postoji granica posle koje kod svake osobe kanabis ima blago ili nikakvo dejstvo, te nema ni želje za daljim uzimanjem ili je ona iracionalna. Štaviše, iskusni korisnici kanabisa tempiraju vreme uzimanja i znaju koliku količinu (npr. pola ili jedan džoint) optimalno treba koristiti, kao i samu tehniku efikasnog pušenja i pripreme kanabisa. Oni kanabis koriste sa što manje rizika paranoičnog ponašanja i rekreativno. Želja (prevashodno psihička) koja rezultira čestim uzimanjem kanabisa najčešće se javlja kod osoba sa nesređenim i stresnim životom kao neumeren i svakodnevno prepuštaju relaksaciji kako bi se izbegle ili lakše preživele kritične ili bolne životne situacije.
Kanabis je blaga euforična droga i po svojim efektima (i rizicima, štetnosti po zdravlje) se ne može porediti sa drugim sintetičkim drogama koje imaju tu namenu – npr. ekstazi, kokain ili amfetamini.
Efekti kanabisa – posebno početak efekata i njihovo trajanje variraju od nekoliko faktora: samog korisnika (fizičkog i psihičkog stanja pre uzimanja, okruženja i očekivanja) i vrste kanabisa i načina na koji se konzumira (da li je slab ili jak list kanabisa, da li je u pitanju hašiš, da li se koristi u hrani, čaju i li puši) i drugih faktora.
18
19
II KONTRAVERZE
II-01: EFEKTI KONZUMIRANJA KANABISA 17II-02: KANABIS VODI DROGAMA 18II-03: LOŠA DECA I KRIMINALCI 20II-04: STVARA ZAVISNOST 22II-05: UTIČE NA SEKSUALNI ŽIVOT 23II-06: ŠTA TREBA ZNATI 24II-07: RELIGIOZNA BILJKA 25II-08: HOLANDSKI MODEL 28
EFEKTI KONZUMIRANJA KANABISA
Izvor i linkovi: Wikipedia, besplatna net enciiklopedijaAkutni efekti konzumiranja marihuane veoma variraju zavisno od individue i količine i kvaliteta
određene vrste kanabisa, ali generalno uključuju neke od sledećih:
• Blaga euforija, opšte osećanje blagostanja• Relaksacija ili smanjenje stresa• Povećan osećaj za humor • Osećaj jače povezanosti tela i uma, prijatan telesni osećaj• Povećanja svesnost čula • Kreativno ili filozofsko razmišljanje• Povećan osećaj za muziku i druge forme umetnosti • Ublaženje bola (posebno glavobolje• Smanjeno povraćanje • Br onhodilacija (širenje u plućima) • Opšte promene svesti • Povećani apetit • Blaga paranoja posebno kod novih korisnika i osoba koje nisu svesne da su uzele kanabis anksioznost • Sasušenost usana, žeđ • Usporenost/Opreznost• Zakrvavljene oči• Prekid linerarne memorije• Subjektivna potentnost prema drugim drogama• Problemi sa kratkotrajnom_memorijom • Glavobolja• Nejasnost, konfuzija• Nespretnost• Ispoljavanje latentnih ili postojećih mentalnih poremećaja• Kada gori, dim sadrži kancerogene čestice Nivo rizika je predmet debate.
Efekti kanabisa zavise od pojedinca, okruženja, vrste biljke i metoda upotrebe. Sigurno okruženje je među prijateljima je tradicionalno preporučeno osobama koje je koriste prvi put. Neka od istraživanja pokazala su da THC ima efekta na promenu imunog_sistema, što između ostalog pomaže sprečavanje ili podstiče kancer, zavisno od studije. Postoje indikacije moguće blage alergije na kanabis kod pojedinih osoba.
Smrtna doza
Fatalno predoziranje kanabisom nikada nije zabeleženo. Prema “Merck Index” indeksu, 12-to izdanje, LD50 smrtna doza za 50% testiranih pacova je 42 mg po kilogramu telesne težine kada je inhaliran. Kod oralnog konzumiranja LD50 za pacove je 1270 mg/kilogramu odnosno 730 mg/kg za mužjake/ženke. Nemoguće je da THC u krvnoj plazmi dostigne nivo kod ljudskih korisnika (pušača) kanabisa, Istraživanja pokazuju da bi toksični nivo kod ljudi bio i viši nego kod pacova.
Zavisnost, tolerancija i simptomi povlačenja, kanabis depresija
Upotreba kanabisa ne stvara medicinsku zavisnost. Tolerancija ima tendenciju da nestane posle nekoliko dana apstinencije. Postoje određeni dokazi o korelaciji dugotrajne upotrebe i depresije kao i ispoljavanja prethodno postojećih mentalnih uslova. Ipak, veza između depresije i zloupotrebe supstance nije u potpunosti dokazana, jer je upotreba droge često izraz mentalonog stanja umesto uzroka.
Efekti dugotrajne upotrebe na pluća
Efekti dugotrajne upotrebe kanabisa zahtevaju još istraživanja. Jedan od najčešće spominjanih je zabrinutost da visoka koncentracija čađi i drugih štetnih materija može voditi povećanom riziku od raka pluća. Lule koje koriste vodeni sistem hlađenja i filtriranja poznate kao bong, mogu smanjiti štetu nanetu plućima hlađenjem i značajnim filtriranjem dima. Skori izveštaji [1] sugerišu da su efekto marihuane na pluća barem jednaki onima koje izaziva duvan, međutim, branioci kanabisa ističu da se ne mora neizbežno pušiti, da se konzumira u značajno manjim dozama od duvana, i da prirodni kanabis ne sadrži aditive i radioaktivne elemente koji se nalaze u industrijskim proizvodima duvana.
20
II-02 KANABIS VODI DROGAMA
Teorija po kojoj kanabis vodi uzimanju drugih droga nastala je u Američkoj medicini kao tzv. »Gateway drug theory«. Ovakvi rezultati dobijeni su ispitivanjem na populaciji korisnika težih droga, iz koje se pokazalo da su svi počeli sa pušenjem kanabisa. Ova teorija širokogrudo je prihvaćena od strane domaćih policijskih organa i roditelja koji pušače kanabisa po automatizmu etiketiraju kao »narkomane« dok su roditelji, po otkriću konzumiranja kanabisa užasnuti nad svojom sudbinom, i često odmah vide svoje dete kao osobu koja će sutra biti u heroinskoj krizi. Ovakva teorija, mada delom opravdana, ima niz manjkavosti:
• Kanabis je najjevtinija i najdostupnija ilegalna psihoaktivna supstanca, sa kojom se počinje na najnižem uzrastu. Ali, sa razvijanjem zavisnosti i učenjem tehnika konzumiranja (u ovom slučaju pušenje) se počinje konzumiranjem nikotina i kofeina, dok je čest prvi dodir sa relaksantima putem legalnih medikamenata i alkohola (poput kod nas popularnih bensedina). U novijim istraživanjima Instituta za medicinu SAD eksplicitno se kaže; »Zbog toga što je najrasprostranjenije upotrebljavana ilicitna droga, marihuana se može pretpostaviti kao prva ilicitna droga sa kojom se ljudi sreću. Dakle nije iznenađujuće što je većina korisnika ilicitnih droga prvo koristilo kababis. Ipak činjenično stanje je da je većina korisnika droga počelo sa alkoholom i nikotinom pre korišćenja marihuane, obično pre punoletstva«7. Dakle istom logikom se druge supstance, potpuno opravdano mogu svrstati pod »gateway drug«. Istraživanje Američke Zdravstvene asocijacije iz 2003 potvrđuju ovakav stav: »... rana regularna upotreba duvana i alkohola pojavljuju se kao 2 najkonzistentnije povezana faktora sa kasnijom zloupotrebom ili zavisnosti od ilicitnih droga8 «
• Istraživanja na populaciji korisnika kanabisa pokazala su da većina njih prestaje sa upotrebom i kanabisa po završetku studija, dakle ne postaje većina korisnika kanabisa »zavisnik o drogama« već suprotno, određena manjina sa željom da proba i druge droge se upušta u avanturu znatno štetniju po fizičko i psihičko zdravlje
• Posledica povezanosti kanabisa i drugih ilegalnih droga nije njeno prirodno svojstvo, već najčešća je kod hroničnih korisnika kod kojih nastaju pojačana tolerancija i smanjenje efekata kanabisa, pa se javlja ideja o upotrebi drugih droga. Ovo je uglavnom posledica ilegalnosti kanabisa koja u praksi omogućava dilerima droga da pušačima kanabisa ponude »još nešto« i time ih uvuku u svet realne adikcije i kriminala. Dakle, može se reći da je povezanost kanabisa sa drugim ilegalnim drogama posledica kriminalizacije (zabrane) kanabisa. Ovo se jasno ističe i u dokumentima SZO u studiji iz marta 1998: »Izlaganje drugim drogama pri kupovini kanabisa na crnom tržištu, povećava mogućnost za upotrebu drugih ilicitnih droga9«
Same institucije koje se primarno bave zaštitom zdravlja na nacionalnom i svetskom nivou su zbog očiglednih manjkavosti počeli da menjaju sopstvene iskaze:
• U martu 1999. sam Institut za medicinu menja svoj iskaz u »Nema konkluzivnog dokaza da su efekti kanabisa kauzalno povezani za subsekventnu upotrebu drugih droga10«
• U praksi se pokazalo da u USA kanabis koristi oko 72 miliona ljudi, ali da tek svaki 120-ti postaje regularni korisnik npr. kokaina 11
7 Janet E. Joy, Stanley J. Watson, Jr., and John A Benson, Jr. Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, Institute of Medicine, Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base (Washington, DC: National AcademyPress, 1999). 8 Lynskey, Michael T., PhD, et al., “Escalation of Drug Use in Early-Onset Cannabis Users vs Co-twin Controls,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 289 No. 4, January 22/29, 2003, online at http://jama.amaassn.org/issues/v289n4/rfull/joc21156.html last accessed Jan. 31, 2003.9 Hall, W., Room, R. & Bondy, S., WHO Project on Health Implications of Cannabis Use: A Comparative Appraisalof the Health and Psychological Consequences of Alcohol, Cannabis, Nicotine and Opiate Use, August 28, 1995(Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, March 1998)
10 Source: Janet E. Joy, Stanley J. Watson, Jr., and John A Benson, Jr. Division of Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, Institute of Medicine, Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base (Washington, DC: National AcademyPress, 1999).11 Source: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Household Survey on Drug Abuse: PopulationHealth and Human Services, 1999), pp. 19, 25, 31.
21
• Istraživanja Svetske zdravstvene organizacije (SZO) o gejtvej efektima marihuane jasno kaže da je »teorija da upotreba marihuane vodi upotrebi heroina je najmanje verovatna od svih hipoteza«12
• U decembru 2002. Engleska vlada je objavila istraživanje o inicijaciji upotreba droge i kriminalnim prestupima mladih u Britaniji. Ova studija je u obzir uzela i skorašnju prekvalifikaciju kanabisa i u njoj se eksplicitno kaže: »Moja interpretacija rezultata ove studije je da je stvarni gejtvej efekat verovatno veoma mali i da je povezanost droga kategorisanih kao mekih i tvrdih droga na koju možemo naići u istraživanjima rezultat nemogućnosti da posmatramo sve karakteristike individualne upotrebe droga. Sa ove tačke gledišta, odluka da se reklasifikuje kanabis je malo verovatno izazivač negativnih posledica u budućnosti13«
• Američki Nacionalni centar za zavisnosti i zloupotrebu supstanci 1994. se jasno izjašnjava da je teško kauzalno povezati upotrebu kanabisa sa drugim drogama
Ulična praksa je pokazala da se punoletni korisnici kanabisa mnogo obazrivije ponašaju prema upotrebi drugih droga, i da u mnogo manjem procentu postaju zavisnici, u izvesnom procentu prestaju da koriste alkohol i duvan, a često postaju tzv. rekreativni korisnici kanabisa. Zato posebnu pažnju posvećujemo upotrebi kanabisa na ranom (maloletničkom) uzrastu. Studija žurnala Američke medicinske asocijacije o kanabisu kao getjvej drogi iz 2003 navodi sledeće mehanizme koji mogu posredovati između upotrebe kanabisa na ranom uzrastu i zloupotrebe/zavisnosti drugih ilicitnih droga14:
1. Incijalno iskustvo sa kanabisom, koje se često ocenjuje kao prijatno, može ohrabriti kontinuiranu upotrebu istog ali i »šire istraživanje«;
2. Naizgled sigurna rana iskustva sa kanabisom mogu smanjiti percipirani rizik i otuda barijere za upotrebu drugih droga. Npr. velika većina korisnika kanabisa nema u iskustvu legalne posledice za njegovu upotrebu, što može smanjiti percepciju snagu legalnih sankcija protiv upotrebe svih droga;
3. Alternativno, iskustvo sa kanabisom i pristup istom, može putem kontakta sa dilerima droge omogućiti i pristup drugim drogama. Ovaj argument doveo je do toga da Holandija efektivno dekriminalizuje kanabis u pokušaju da ga odvoji od tržišta ostalih droga. Ova strategija može biti parcijelno uspešna jer je broj korisnika kokaina među korisnicima kanabisa značajno niži u Holandiji nego u USA.
Mislim da se iz svega navadenog može videti da za efekat gejtvej droge ne treba kriviti kanabis kao takav, već njegovu nabavljivost na crnom tržištu kao posledicu kriminalizacije, kao i same korisnike kanabisa koji nedovoljno informisani i ne misleći na posledice pristaju da postanu korisnici kokaina, heroina i sl. Prelasku sa kanabisa na teže droge (i uopšte zloupotrebi i zavisnosti od legalnih i nelegalnih droga) posreduju određene okolnosti (socijalna klima), stanja stresa i nesigurnosti ali i lične karakteristike poput izražene želje za uživanjem.
12 Hall, W., Room, R. & Bondy, S., WHO Project on Health Implications of Cannabis Use: A Comparative Appraisal of the Health and Psychological Consequences of Alcohol, Cannabis, Nicotine and Opiate Use, August 28, 1995 (Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, March 1998).13 Pudney, Stephen, "Home Office Research Study 253: The road to ruin? Sequences of initiation into drug use and offending by young people in Britain" (London, England: Home Office Research, Development, and Statistics Directorate, December 2002), p. vi.14 Lynskey, Michael T., PhD, et al., “Escalation of Drug Use in Early-Onset Cannabis Users vs Co-twin Controls,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 289 No. 4, January 22/29, 2003, online at http://jama.amaassn.org/issues/v289n4/rfull/joc21156.html last accessed Jan. 31, 2003.
22
II-03. LOŠA DECA I KRIMINALCI
Prema izveštaju agencije UN za droge i kriminal (UNODC) iz 2003. još jednom se potvrđuje da je kanabis najkorišćenija ilicitna droga sa 160 miliona korisnika,dok na svetu ima oko 8 milona korisnika ekstazija ili oko 10 miliona korisnika heroina15. Isti izvor navodi da na svetu ima oko 200 miliona korisnika ilicitnih droga, odnosno 3,4% svetske populacije ili 4,7% populacije iznad 15 godina. Dakle, pouzdano se može reći da kanabis koristi oko 3-4% svetske populacije iznad 15 godina. To je trend blagog porasta u odnosu na 2001. na svetskom nivou. Holandski Centar za istraživanje droga donosi zanimljivo istraživanje na sosptvenoj populaciji, o upotrebi legalnih i ilegalnih droga (u procentima populacije Holandije:)16
Američka istraživanja potvrđuju da je kanabis najkorišćenija ilegalna droga – koristi ga čak 76% korisnika droga. Oko 59% korisnika droga do sada je koristilo samo marihuanu, 17% marihuanu i još
neku ilegalnu drogu a 24% drugu drogu ali ne i marihuanu.
Dakle, oko 41% korisnika ilegalnih droga u 2000. (procenjeno 5,7 miliona Amerikanaca) koristi ilicitne droge koje nisu marihuana i hašiš, sa ili bez upotrebe i marihuane (videti grafikon).
Kod nas, prema jednom od retkih istraživanja o mladima kaže se: „... U daljoj analizi zadržali smo se na korišćenju marihuane i nastojali smo da utvrdimo u kojim kategorijama mladih je upotreba marihuane češća. Najpre, mladići uzimaju marihuanu značajno češće od devojaka - dok
31% mladića izjavljuje da je probalo marihuanu, to priznaje 14% devojaka. Pokazuje se da je uzimanje marihuane najčešće u Beogradu (uzelo ju je 32% mladih), pa u Vojvodini (24%), a najređe u užoj Srbiji (17%). S obzirom na uzrast, najmanje uzimaju marihuanu oni mlađi od 18 godina, ali i među njima ima 15% onih koji su je bar jednom probali. Među starijim od 18 godina nije utvrđeno da sa povećanjem uzrasta dolazi do češćeg korišćenja marihuane (Tabela 3).
Tabela 3: Uzimanje marihuane i uzrastuzrast
15-18 god. 19-21 god. 22-25 god. Ukupnonikad 84.5% 72.7% 73.4% 77.6%
marihuana probao/la sam samo jedanput
9.5% 14% 11.1% 11.3%
dva ili vise puta 6% 13.3% 15.5% 11.1%
Što se zanimanja tiče, korišćenje marihuane najrasprostranjenije je među studentima - 36%. Ako ukrstimo kategorije u kojima je upotreba marihuane češća, naći ćemo da među studentima muškog pola u Beogradu samo 46.7%, dakle nešto manje od polovine, nije nikad probalo marihuanu“17“.
Dakle, iako ovde nema jasnih socioloških i kulturnih podataka, teško je predrasudu da su pušači kanabisa „asocijalni i antiosocijalni“ primeniti na toliko veliki broj ljudi širom planete, ili na 1’-15% populacije mladih 19-25 godina, koji su probali ili koriste kanabis, posebno trećinu populacije koja se akademski obrazuje. Uzrok predrasude može se jasno locirati u istorijatu korišćenja kanabisa u SAD: masovno konzumiranje kanabisa počelo je kasnih 60-ih, u vreme kada se veliki broj ljudi opirao ratu. Ljudi su počeli da
15
1
Global Illicit Drug Trends 2003 (UN Office on Drugs and Crime: Vienna, Austria, June 2003), p. 101. 16
University of Amsterdam, Centre for Drug Research, Licit and Illicit Drug Use in the Netherlands, 1997 (Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam, September 1999), pp. 45, 46, 47, 55
17 Istraživanje je izvedeno u saradnji Ministarstva prosvete i sporta Republike Srbije (Odsek za omladinu), Centra za proučavanje alternativa, i PRONI Instituta za socijalno obrazovanje, Švedska. Terenski deo istraživanja obavljen je između 8 i 13. juna 2002. godine. Intervjuisan je 1.591 mlad čovek koji ima od 15-24. godine, na teritoriji Srbije (bez Kosova i Metohije)..
23
puštaju kosu i bradu. Ljudi su postali zainteresovani za prirodnu hranu, ekologiju i okruženje. Desilo se buđenje generacije i povratak religioznom mentalitetu, povezano sa iznenadnim omasovljenjem korišćenja kanabisa.
Ove nove društvene pojave su, zavisno od interperatora, medijski pozitivno ili negativno propraćene. Parole ove generacije bile su: ne želim da idem u rat, ne želim da budem deo političko-militantno-ekonomskog fijska koji nazivate društvom. U konverzaciji sa mladim ljudima i studentima često se marihuana kontrastrira alkoholu i opisuje kao droga mira, koja smanjuje tendencije ka agresivnosti, dok alkohol proizvodi neprijateljsko, agresivno ponašanje. Marihuana je sa njihove strane viđena kao prigodna generaciji koja naglašava mir, i koja je na mnoge načine, antikompetitivna. Same kulture u kojima se koristi kanabis (Karibi, delovi Afrike, Indijski podkontinent, Kina) primarno su miroljubive.
Najstrožiji u sprovođenju antikabis zakona je SAD, sa svojom politikom „Rata drogama“ koji se u praksi svodi na hapšenje i obeležavanje ljudi za kriminalce i zbog posedovanja kanabisa. Često povezivanje kanabisa i kriminala, posebno u SAD, se lako može opovrgnuti zvaničnim statističkim podacima FBI18 iz kojih je očigledno da zakon ne suzbija promet (manje od 15% hapšenja su „dileri“). Takođe je očigledno da je za 22 godine 10,5 milona ljudi uhapšeno zbog marihuane.
Marijuana Arrests and Total Drug Arrests in the US
YearTotal Drug Arrests
Total Marijuana Arrests
Marijuana Trafficking/Sale Arrests
Marijuana Possession Arrests
2002 1,538,813 697,082 83,096 613,986
2001 1,586,902 723,628 82,519 641,109
2000 1,579,566 734,497 88,455 646,042
1999 1,532,200 704,812 84,271 620,541
1998 1,559,100 682,885 84,191 598,694
1995 1,476,100 588,964 85,614 503,350
1990 1,089,500 326,850 66,460 260,390
1980 580,900 401,982 63,318 338,664
* * *
Nadam se da ovde izneti podaci mogu zagolicati um svih nas. Svako od nas poseduje predrasude, ali nisu svi rasisti. Kada je kriminalizacija kanabisa u pitanju, izvesno je da su predrasude donekle dovele do „rasističkog“ zakona, a to je upravo ono protiv čega se njegovi korisnici bore. Pitanje „ko zapravo koristi kanabis“ i postojeća predrasuda da su to sami kriminalci ili osobe sa drugim vrstama asocijalnog ponašanja ostaje otvorena za dokazivanje, i izazov kako protivnika, tako i osoba koje se zalažu „za kanabis“. I za pro i za contra opcije ostaje čitav niz podpitanja na koje treba odgovoriti pre davanja finalnog suda:
• Koliki deo ukupne populacije koristi marihuanu?• Koliko mladih koristi kanabis i ko su oni?
• U kojim kulturama i sredinama se kanabis koristi o davnina?• Kakve su realne opasnosti a kakve koristi efekata kanabisa?
• Koliki deo populacije korisnika nelegalnih (ilicitnih) droga koristi kanabis? Da li je realno toliki deo ljudi izlagati nelegalnom tržištu i progonu?
• Da li je kanabis uzrok ili posledica njihovog psihofizičkog stanja i uticaja sredine?
• Da li su korisnici kanabisa nužno kriminalci i agresivni ljudi?• Koliko vremena i novca se troši na hapšenje ljudi zbog posedovanja marihuane – koliko je efektivnije
preusmeriti snage na prevenciju, redukciju štete i suzbijanje velike proizvodnje i distribucije sintetičkih droga?
18 Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime in America: FBI Uniform Crime Reports 2002 (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 2003), p. 234, Table 4.1 & and p. 234, Table 29
24
• Tabela: Prikaz legealnih i nelegalnih droga19
II-04. STVARA ZAVISNOST
U našoj literaturi se najčešće govori o psihičkoj i fizičkoj zavisnosti. Ove dve vrste zavisnosti bi se laički mogle opisati kao “želja (psihička) za ponovnim uživanjem i efektima” i kao zavisnost organizma od supstance bez koje organizam pada u stanje krize koja se izražava poremećajima rada organizma. Dr Džek Heningfild razvio je četiri kriterijuma na osnovu kojih se bolje mogu meriti efekti zavisnosti različitih supstanci:
• Povlačenje (Withdrawal) – meri prisustvo i težinu karakteristika simptoma povlačenja
• Ponovno ojaćavanje (Reinforcement): Meri sposobnost supstance da kod ljudi i/li životinja izazove želju za ponovnim uzimanjem, pre nego neku drugu supstancu (npr. Hranu)
• Tolerancija (Tolerance): koliko je količinski potrebno uzeti supstance da bi se zadovoljila povećana potreba za njom i koliki je nibo stabilne potrebe koji se eventualno dostiže
• Zavisnost: Koliko je teško korisniku da prekine, koliki je procenat onih koji postanu zavisni i nuvo na kome supstanca izaziva štetu
• Intoksinacija: iako se uobičajeno ne računa kao mera zavisnošću, nivo intoksinacije koji se dostiže je povezan sa zaisnošću i povećava ličnu i socijalnu štetu koju supstanca izaziva.
Iz prikaza tabele se može videti da je jedino po psihoaktivnim efektima (intoksinaciji) kanabis značajno iznad nikotina i kofeina, a značajno ispod alkohola, kokaina i heroina. Po ostalim karakteristikama kanabis je blizak ili blaži od kofeina.
19 Jack E. Henningfield, Ph.D. for NIDA, Reported by Philip J. Hilts, New York Times, Aug. 2, 1994 “Is Nicotine Addictive? It Depends on Whose Criteria You Use.”
25
II-05: UTIČE NA SEKSUALNI ŽIVOT
Mada je kanabis često optuživan za izazivanje promiskuitetnog ponašanja, seksa bez zaštite i drugih rizičnih ponašanja a time i širenje HIV po njegovoj pojavi, to je diskutabilno pitanje. Generalni osećaj opuštenosti i izražene čulnosti može podstaći mlade na nežnost i seks, ali će ljudi koji se štite to činiti čak i pod kanabisom.
Kanabis je zbog navedenih efekata mistično proglašen i afrodizijakom – međutim on ne može podstaći osećanja odnosno bliskost tamo gde ih već nema. Po svojim efektima nije sličan pravim prirodnim ili veštačkim afrodizijacima ili stimulatorima kakvi su npr. johambin ili viagra.
Jedna od retkih knjiga prevdena na srpski „Trava“, Pol Denisa i Kerolin- Berija (Merkatus, Beograd, 1991,. ISBN 86-81895-01-X) sadrži posebno poglavlje „Marihuana i sex“ (str. 149-161) i zaključuje (161 str.) da: Veza između ljubavi i marihuane je stvarno individualno određena. I kada stvarno deluje kao ljubavni napitak i kada smanjuje seksualno uzbuđenje, to će zavisti, ne samo od kavntiteta i kvaliteta“, već i od izazvanih efekata na mozak, hormone, sklonosti „nje“ i „njega“. „Stručnjaci se slažu“ piše Akeksandar Tači u „Knjizi trave“ (book of grass) „da marihuana nema afrodizijačka svojstva, međutim, u velikom broju slučajeva nisu u pravu. Ako je neko seksualno uzbuđen, ako oseća da bi bilo lepo voditi ljubav, razumna upotreba ovog sredstva će ga još više stimulisati i nemerljivo će osećati zadvoljstvo. Stoga je možda glavni efekat marihuane (što se seksa tiče) mnogo intenzivniji doživljaj – trava izaziva senzualnu vrstu koncetracije, detaljno opažanje najsitinijih pojedinosti, pa i mogućnost prihvatanja egzotičnih poza“.
A šta može biti važnije u ljubavnom činu?
26
II-06: ŠTA TREBA ZNATI:
Sjajni Holandski sajt „Drug text library“ http://www.drugtext.org/ donosi mnoge bitne informacije, od kojih izdvajamo preporuke potpuno u skladu sa modernom „harm reduction“ praksom. Ako pušiš kanabis, znaj sledeće kako bi smanjio rizike po sebe i druge;
Možeš pušiti hašiš ili marihuanu da bi se dobro proveo. Ali nemoj očekivati da će džoint rešiti bilo koji od tvojih problema
Ako pušiš hašiš ili marihuanu svakodnevno, pokušaj da preskočiš nekoliko dana.
Pušenje hašiša ili marihuane utiče na tvoju sposobnost da se koncetrišeš, zato nemoj pušiti kada (treba da) ideš u školu ili kada voziš kola.
Neke vrste hašiša i marihuane su jače od drugih: imaju veći nivo THC-a, Iskusan pušač oseća kada mu je dosta. Zna kada treba da stane. Ako si novajlija, možda nećeš znati kada da staneš. Prvo pokušaj da dobiješ relevatne informacije, ili pusti drugog pušača da proba.
Ukoliko nisi iskusan, nije dobra ideja da kombinuješ pušenje sa bilo kojom vrstom alkohola.
Ukoliko koristite kanabis u hrani, teško je znati koliko ste kanabisa pojeli. Može se desiti da pojedeš previše pre nego što to saznaš. Zato počni sa malim parčetom. Može proći 45 minuta i do sat vremena pre nego što bilo šta osetiš. Sačekaj toliko, pre nego što uzmeš naredno parče.
Ponekada pušenje hašiša ili marihuane može da izazove loš osećaj, posebno kod početnika. Ukoliko osetiš mučninu ili anksioznost, nađi tih prostor za relaksaciju, pojedi ili popi nešto slatko. Ne paniči. U roku od sat vremena najgore će proći.
Ukoliko uzimaš bilo kakve lekove, konsultuj se sa doktorom pre nego što pušiš marihuanu ili hašiš. Nemoj konzumirati kanabis ukoliko si trudna.
Znaj da kada pušiš marihuanu, supstance (čađ i karbon monoksid) koje se oslobađaju štete tvojim plućima i zdravlju.
Budi svestan da ako pušiš kanabis mešan sa duvanom (česta praksa jer duvan bolje gori od kanabisa prim. prir) takođe pušiš duvan. Nikotin izaziva zavisnost.
Ne kupuj kanabis ili hašiš na ulici. Potraži dobar coffe shop.
Nemoj nositi kanabis sa sobom kada putuješ u inostranstvo
27
II-07: RELIGIOZNA BILJKA
Gandža (marihuana) je religiozni sakrament (koristi se u ritualne svrhe) u Afrokaripskoj tradiciji i Indiji. Kanabis se sa sigurnošću pojavljuje u religioznim tradicijama Mesopotamije - Asirije, Skita (Herodotova istorija 1:202), Grčkim hramovima, najjačem hindu kultu Boga Šive, budističkoj tradiciji Tantrizma, Kineskom taoizmu, Persijskom Zoroastrizmu, prvobitnim centralnoafrlčkim religijama (poznata kao „Dagga“), religiji Asteka i Muhemadenstvu (odnosno muslimanskoj veri) – pre svega kod sufija. To se pored mnogih tekstova i legendi može i ligvistički dokazati postojanjem veoma starih reči za kanabis i/ili njegovu upotrebu kao psihoaktivne supstance. Još uvek je sporno da li se kao vrsta tamjana,mirišljavog bilja ili pića koristio i u kultu starog Egipta, Judejskoj tradiciji i tradiciji Koptske (Afričke) hrišćanske crkve. Danas su pored Šaivista, najveći korisnici kanabisa u religiozne svrhe Karipski Rastafarijanci i Etiopska Zajon Koptstka hrišćanska crkva na Karibima.
Danas najveću kontraverzu svakako izaziva Jamajčanski Rastafarijanski pokret (skraćeno Rasta – unikatni spoj Judejske i Hrišćanske tradicije i pokreta za oslobođenje crnaca širom sveta). Zato posebnu pažnju posvećujem njihovoj interpretaciji uloge koju kanabis ima u religiozne svrhe. Ovde treba istaći da nisu sve Raste korisnici kanabisa, i da je to stereotip koji se za ovu, u svetskim razmerama, malu monoteističku „new age“ veru, pojavio po komercijalnom bumu rege zvuka, danas svetski popularne muzike.’ Takođe, od svoje pojave, otprilike 1930. do danas (dakle gotovo 2/3 veka) Raste su proganjanje, tučene i zatvarane često samo na osnovu korišćenja marihuane, dok je njihov čudan izgled (pre svega dreadlocks frizura) iskorišćena za stereotip kriminalaca posebno u SAD.
Treba istaći da rege nije muzika Rastafarijanaca, već komercijalna muzika koja može sadržati Rasta poruke zavisno od verskog opredeljenja autora. Tako je čitav opus Bob Marlija prožet Rasta filozofijom, čak su i neke od pesama zaista Rastafrijanske, ali je retko koja pesma Sean Paul-a, UB40, Shaggy-ja doista Rasta. Citate samih Rasti ili Rasta rege pevača (tzv. Roots and cultcha reggae) možete naći u odeljku „Kanabis i kultura“ (dodatci).
Jamajka je prva asocijacija kada se vide dredloks raste ili čuje rege. Treba razbiti iluziju da je Jamajka obećana zemlja pušača kanabisa: pored postojanja Rasta pokreta, to je zemlja u kojoj je kanabis ilegalan kao i u većini zemalja sveta. Marihuana u rege pokretu ima ulogu sakramenta, gotovo kao vino i hleb u Hrišćanstvu (eukarist, simbolika spajanja, ponovne zajednice sa Bogom). Rasta, i delom rege muzika zagovaraju legalizaciju/dekriminalizaciju kanabisa kao deo opšte borbe protiv represivnih sistema („Vavilona“) ali uz odgovornost, i ne samo rekreativnu već i religioznu upotrebu.
Možda najbolju ilustraciju nudi stranica „herb and bilble“ (Kanabis i biblija) na sajtu www.princekollie.com na kojoj u uvodu Rasta, Prince Coolie kaže:
JA NE PUŠIM MARIHUANU
Često nerazumevanje Rasti je da morate pušiti marihuanu da bi bili Rastafarijanac. Ovo nije istina, ne puše sve Raste biljku. Raste su stereotipizirane od strane medija, Holivuda i legalnog sistema SAD kao grupa dredloks korumpirane omladine, zavisnika od droga
.Uzeto iz pesme Muta Baruka: „Dispel A Lie“
„Dispel the lie that I Rastafari only gets high on smoke trying to find self through clouds of social frustration
Dispel the lie that I Rastafari can only see clear when smoking a spliff or taking a whiff from a chalice in a palace I’&’I see no God in cloud of smoke.
Dispel the lie that I Rastafari cannot think straight without a pound weight of collie weed to feed I need to hate the state that perpetuate the lie that I Rastafari is why youths get high on drugs“.
Ljudi koji koriste marihuanu kao zabavu čine neodgovornu upotrebu sakramenta. Sakrament je ono što je sveto. Za mene kao Rastu marihuana je Sveti Eukharist koji se pogrešno koristi kao bekstvo od stvarnosti. Zapanjen sam da vidim ljude koji koriste marihuanu kao razlog za žurku ili socijalnu supstancu.
To je isti stil mode koji nameće da „volim rege i Rasta zato što puše gandžu“. To su ljudi koji diskredituju prave Raste. Pitajte istog šarlatanskog dreadloksa koji puši spliff o Hajlu Selasiju i Isusu Hristu i oni ili ne žele da se bave time ili znaju gotovo ništa o Rastafariju,
Ja sam radio disk džokej već 22 godine i posvećeni Hrišćanski Rasta i video sam mnoge ljude koji se okreću regeu i Rastafariju samo zato što im daje pravo da puše biljku. Tužno je da mnogi od njih ne znaju ništa o religiji, filozofiji, duhovnosti – načinu života koji Raste predaju. Oni žele da puše marihuanu, ali ne i odgovornost koja ide sa njom.
Kao što sam izjavio, ja kao Rasta ne koristim marihuanu ali ništa nije pogrešno sa njom. Mi kao Raste imamo Bogom dano pravo da pušimo biljku ako to izaberemo“.
28
* * * Deo koji sledi gotovo doslovni prevod iz knjige Leonard E. Barett-a „The Rastafarians“ 1998, Beacon
Press, Boston, USA. Sam pisac je prvo izdanje knjige izdao 1988. provodeći pre toga mnogo vremena u Rasta zajednici na Jamajci i prateći njen razvoj, tako da se ovo delo može smatrati referentnim. Odlomak koji prenosim je iz poglavlja „Beliefs, Rituals and Symbols“ – stranice 128-133. Ovaj deo uključujem kako bi se razbile kontraverze koje vladaju i o rege fanovima, i o samim Rastafarijancima, kao i da bi se uključila dimenzija ljudskih i verskih prava u raspravu o kanabisu. Možemo li braniti nešto što je deo miroljubive vere? Naravno, nisu svi argumenti koji se ističu potpuni religiozni fanatizam – glas Ras Sam Brown-a zvuči kao jedan od veoma razumnih u ovom vremenu.
* * *
Ganja (Marihuana)
Upotreba gandže u religioznim ritualima među Rastafarijancima bila je subjekat naučne, popularne i pravne debate već neko vreme. Senzacionalizam je privukao veliko interesovanje i izazvao mnogo konfuzije o prirodi gandže i njenim implikacijama na socijalnu i religioznu budućnost ovog Jamajčanskog pokreta. Raste su verovatno počele da koriste gandžu kao religiozni ritual u ranim danima pokreta, tokom boravka u divljini Pinakle (Pinnacle) zajednice. Od tada je ona postajala neodvojiv deo obožavanja pokreta i ritualne pomoći meditaciji.
Biljka poznata kao marihuana privukla je milione mladih i starijih ljudi u poslednjih deset godina i postala je nacionalni fenomen ne samo u SAD, već svuda u svetu. Tehnički, ime Cannabis Sativa dao joj je Linnaeus 1753, dok je Indijcima bila poznata hiljadama godina kao Indijski hemp ili Bhang. Izgleda da u Indiji nije bila korišćena samo za komercijalnu proizvodnju konopca već i za religioznu meditaciju. Cvetovi sa vrha ženskih biljaka pažljivo su odsecani; Smola je sadržala posebne odlike koje omogućavaju izmenjeno stanje svesti kada se koriste u mešavini za pušenje. Termin „marihuana“ je Meksičko-Špansko ime koje je postalo popularno u SAD. Na Jamajci, pojam „gandža“ je najpopularniji i predstavlja finiju kvalitet biljke. Gandža, dakle, jeste posebno uzgajana vrsta Indijskog hempa koja se dobija od ženskih biljaka i smatra se da je do četiri puta snažnije od Meksičke vrste.
Pre pojave Rastafrijanaca, gandža je korišćena je kao narodni lek, posebno u čajevima ili u mešavini za pušenje, zajedno sa duvanom. Ali, kako su se pojavili Rastafrijanci, gandža je dobila novu ulogu kao religiozni sakrament. Njena upotreba je postala reakcija na društvo i autentična forma slobode od establišmenta. Iako je upotreba gandže veoma rano zabranjena na Jamajci, mnogi slejaci nisu bili svesni zabrane; Raste kao stanovnici urbane sredine, znali su za njenu ilegalnost. Dakle bilo bi ispravno pretpostaviti da je kao protest protiv društva, pušenje gandže bilo prvi instrument kako bi pokret pokazao svoju slobodu od zakona „Vavilona“. Kao i Pejotl među Navaho indijancima Amerike, gandža je imala i drugu ulogu; njena upotreba izaziva psiho-spiritualne efekte i ima socio-religioznu funkciju posebno za ljude pod stresom. Ona proizvodi viziju uzdižućeg jedinstva i osećanje zajedništva, uklanja sumornost i strah i donosi mirnoću umu onih kojima je sve materijalno oduzeto. Gandža je gradativno postala dominantni simbol među kultistima, i to je i ostala do današnjih dana.
Među Rastama gandža ima mnoga imena, kao što su callie i iley koje sugeriraju suštinu biljke. Druga imena su „the herb“, „the grass“, „the weed“ i sl. Ponekada je zovu i „biljkom mudrosti“ (engl. Wisdom weed), po legendi da je nađena na grobu Kralja Solomona, najmudrijeg čoveka. Kada se koristi i u ritualnom kontekstu, postaje poznata kao „sveta bijka“ (engl. „holy herb“) kako su različiti citati iz Svetih spisa dati kao dokazi njene svetosti. Raste će reći da je Bog koji je stvorio sve stvari, načinio biljku za ljudsku upotrebu citirajući prvu knjigu Biblije, knjigu Geneze 1:12: „And the earth brought forth grass, and herb yielding seed after his kind, and the tree yielding fruit, whose seed was in itself, after his kind: and God saw it was good“, kao i sledeće citate: ... Thou shalt eat the herb of the field (Genesis 3:18), ... eat every herb of the land (Exodus 10:12), Better is a dinner of herb where love is, than a stalled ox and hatred therewith (Proverbs 15:17) He caused the grass to grow for the cattle, and herb for the service of man (Psalm 104:14)
Ovi Biblijski citati su samo nekolicina od mnogih koje kultisti koriste u odbranu svojih rituala. Takođe sposobni su da citiraju istoriju biljke od antike do danas. U skorašnjem intervjuu sa vodećim
Rastafarijancem, Sam Brown-om leta 1975., imao je šta da kaže o gandži:„Kada je u pitanju gandža i količina publiciteta koju je dobila u poslednje vreme, postaje imperativ da
prenesem nešto znanja o njoj kada s u pitanju njena istorija i upotreba među Rastafarijancima. Mi znamo da su u vreme Krstaških ratova, Muslimani koristili vrstu hašiša za (samo)ubilačke akcije po kojoj su dobili ime Asasini. Isti taj hašiš koristi se na Jamajci religiozno. Na Jamajci ne koristimo hašiš u identičnoj formi, mi koristimo gandžu. Rastafarijanci vide gandžu kao deo sopstvenog religioznog promatranja. Vidimo gandžu kao omekšivač mentalnih imbalansa i kao meditativni uticaj. Gandža se zaista koristi da doprinese mirnom i kompletativnom aspektu unutar čoveka. Ne verujemo u ekscesivnu upotrebu gandže. Ne može se koristiti za ekscese. U tom slučaju bila bi loša za čoveka. Uistinu, kada se gandža koristi umereno, nije loša. Mi ne nalazimo da je gandža mentalni depresor, gandža izoštruje duh, i održava u intelektualnom balansu. Ona
29
nije droga, nije ni afrodjizijak. Pušimo je, pijemo je, ponekada i jedemo. Ne nalazimo da je otrovna. Ja pušim gandžu od svoje 18. godine. Sada imam 50 i nikada nisam bio kod doktora zbog neke gandžom izazvane bolesti“.
Čak i na Trininadu danas, Istočni Indijci je koriste u svojim hramovima kao formu obožavanja bez ikakvog uplitanja ili restrikcija vlasti. Da gandža nije bila na raspolaganju na Jamajci kao sedativ koji ljude održava mirnim, ostrvo bi odavno iskusilo anarhiju“.
Rasta iz Montego zaliva (grad na Jamajci prim. prir.) opisuje gandžu na sledeći način: „Daje mi dobru meditaciju; ona (meditacija) otvara moja unutrašnja vrata, i kada su otvorena, sve se posmatra kao dobro“. Ili pak drugi koji kaže: „Kada pušim biljku sposoban sam da vidim ravno od Jamajke do Paname“. Nema kraja pohvalama koje braća daju biljci.
Ritualno pušenje odvija se po sličnom obrascu, gde god da je posmatrano. Pakovanje gandže se donosi zavijeno u stare novine. Posle pažljivog sitnjenja nožem, pretvara se u cigarete poznate kao „spliff“ ili se stavlja u lule. Pre paljenja sledi grupna molitva:
Glory be to the Father and the maker of creation. As it was in the beginning is now and ever shall be World without end; Jah Rastafari: Eternal God Selassie I.
Nekoliko snažnih povlačenja dima se duboko inhalira. Izgleda da pušač odlazi u duboko meditativno stanje, izbacuje dim, ponavlja proces dva ili tri puta a zatim lulu prenosi narednoj osobi. Slična tehnika se koristi i kada je pušenje spliff-a u pitanju. Pušenje se odvija samo u sigurnim prilikama, ali predstavlja sastavni deo službi koje se nazivaju Nyabinghi. Video sam barem tri vrste lula od kojih je najčešća „Cutchie“ – gumena tuba spojena sa malim rogom ispunjemim vodom. Na Nyabinghi službama pojavljuju se različite veličine i oblici lula – neke toliko velike da se koriste samo u retkim prilikama.
Postoje mnogi tabui među Rastama; jedni od najjačih su oni koji se odnose na konzumiranje ruma i svih alkoholnih pića i pušenje cigareta, posebno na Nyabinghi službama. Braća insistiraju da su osobe koje piju Jamajčanski rum stvorile mnogo ozbiljnije socijalne probleme na ostrvu nego svi pušači gandže zajedno. Nadalje, kultisti deklarišu da rum osobu čini nasilnom dok je gandža smiruje. Rasta pesnici su čitavu filozofiju pretočili u stihove:
What is ganja? We know it`s a plantCreated by God to fulfill men`s wantThe powers that be, say man should not useThey use it in secret, yet show its abuse.
There is no comparison between ganja and rumThe former keeps you „cool“ the latter makes you glumRum as we know is agent of deathWith the using of ganja you draw new breath.
The taking of rum has eaten out our headThey who continue to take it will wind up deadRemember, one is created, the other manifacturedOn the evils of men we have always lectured.
So cast your verdict before making a testTrue conscience in you will show you the bestFor rum as we lnow will pronaunce your doomAll hail to great ganja, the solvent of gloom.
Kontraverza koja okružuje upotrebu marihuane nastavlja se bez debate, tako da nema smisla za ovog autora da se upusti u evaluaciju zadovoljstava ili zala biljke. Ovo bi bilo izvan njegove ekspertize, posebno pored eksperata koji se ne mogu složiti u vezi iste teme. Lična opservacija može biti u redu. Autor je tokom svoje desetogodišnje studije primetio da nema očiglednih mentalnih, fizičkih ili psihičkih posledica na Raste od upotrebe biljke. Većina braće već 20 godina puši i još uvek su vitalni, vredno rade i kreativni koliko i drugi građani Jamajke. Ova opservacija poklapa se sa skorašnjim zvaničnim izveštajem Nacionalne komisije o marihuani i zloupotrebi droge20:
U studiji na Jamajci, nijedna značajna fizička ili mentalna abnormalnost ne može se pripisati upotrebi marihuane, prema evaluaciji mentalne istorije, kompletnih fizičkih pregleda, X-zračenja grudi, elektro-kardiograma, pregleda krvnih ćelija i hemijskih testova, pregleda funkcija puća, bubrega i jetre, selektovane evaluacije hormona, moždanih talasa, fizijatrijske evaluacije i psihološkog testiranja. Nema dokaza koji bi indikovao da je droga u širokoj upotrebi odgovorna za poremećaje novorođenčadi korisnika“.
20 Marihuana: A Signal of Missunderstanding: The Official Rapport of the National Comission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse (New York, The New American Library, 1972)
30
Uspon uzgajanja gandže na Jamajci, njena ritualna upotreba među Rastama i potražnja na ilegalnom tržištu širom sveta stvorili su teret Jamačanskoj vladi da pokuša da kontroliše njenu upotrebu. Vlada je uspostavila poseban odred policije koja traži gandžu do mesta uzgajanja i uništava useve. U jednom od mojih istraživačkih putovanja zatražio sam da se pridružim „nađi i uništi“ odredu kako bi se bolje upoznao sa uzgajanjem ove biljke. (prim. prir. dalje sledi priča o iskustvu boravka sa policijom koje preskačem zbog ograničenosti prostora).
... Veličina nekih od bašti sugeriše da je prosečan Jamajčanin samo posrednik, unajmljen od strane nekoga ko može da priušti kvalitetno seme i đubrivo, i koji ostaje u pozadini, daleko od policijskih racija. Ne želim da kažem da se mnogi kokalni Jamajčani ne upuštaju u uzgoj biljke; za mnoge brdske seljake ona je jedini način preživljavanja,. Veći delovi useva finansirani su od strane velikih operatera i u manjem delu od strane lokalnih seljaka. Zahtevi tržišta su toliko veliki da profit nadmašuje uključene rizike. Jedno požnjano polje gandže dovoljno je da siromaha učini relativno bogatim. Uzgajanje gandže toliko je rasprostranjeno da če proći dve godine pre nego što policija bude imala šansu da napravi upad ovde. U međuvremenu seljaci i operateri će imati šanse da kupe kuće.
Zakoni koji zabranjuju upotrebu gandže na Jamajci stvorili su vrstu sistema preživljavanja među kultistima. Kako je biljka apsolutno esencijalna za ritualne svrhe a kultisti nemogu priuštiti da bilju kupuju od trećih lica iz straha da ne budu razotkriveni, oni postaju distributeri. Kako bi se zaštitili, razvili su odbrambeni komunikacioni sistem koji se sastoji od reči i gestova koji upozoravaju druge na opasnost. Tokom mog istraživanja u više prilika sam video i čuo znakove i fraze za upozorenje dok se ne otkrije identitet posetioca. Opasnost od policije takođe ima unificirajuću funkciju u odnosima među braćom. Izgleda da se policija pomirila sa upotrebom biljke od strane kultista. Skoro bez izuzetka, policajci su govorili autoru da je najmanji problem gandže sa Rastama. Vide da je u pitanju deo rituala i voljni su da se okrenu na drugu stranu kada se kotisti.
Zločini koji uključuju drogu više nisu zločini Rasti, već običnih građana i njihovih veza sa strancima. Ras Sam Brown to objašnjava na sledeći način:
„U početku je gandža bila igra malog čoveka. Malo se igrao sa njom, ali sa svetom koj postaje očajan za drogama kako bi smirio čovekovu zastrašujuću situaciju, gandža je iznenada postala stvar za koju se zainteresovao bogati čovek. Imate bogate ljude sa svojim plantažama na Jamajci, koje parcelišu plantaže ljudima kojima plaćaju da uzgajaju biljke dok ne dođu do zrelosti. To su ljudi sa uticajem, koji poseduju velike količine gandže, uzimaju u ruke svoj telefon i zovu svoje klijente u SAD ili drugde i dogovaraju dolaske aviona zbog kojih su izgradili piste na svojm imanjima. Neki delovi te zemlje su često na udaljenim seoskim putevima. Siromašni čovek će prodati malo gandže ,funtu ili dve, ali kada vidite gandžu koja ide za SAD, puni brodove i avione, znate da je to igra bogatog čoveka. Veliki ljudi na Jamajci su nosioci trgovine gandže, pod maskom poštenja i nevinosti dok je siromašni čovek onaj koji pati i podnosi udarce zbog nje“
Naravno da nisu svi veliki ljudi na Jamajci u trgovini gandžom, ali pažljiva observacija trgovine sugeriše da je operacija u rukama veoma sofisticiranih.
31
II-08: HOLANDSKI MODEL
Politika prema drogama u Holandiji zasnovana je na dva principa:
1. Upotreba droga je javni zdravstveni problem, a ne problem policije i kriminala (prim. prir: upotreba a ne proizvodanja ili prodaja)
2. Jasnom razlikovanju tzv. mekih i tvrdih droga, odnosno jasnoj klasifikaciji droga
Javno zdravstvo
Upotreba droga dakle nije zabranjena zakonom, po principu slobodne volje pojedinca da sa svojim telom čini šta želi. Nije ilegalno škoditi sebi čak i ako posledice može snositi društvo, ali osoba ostaje odgovorna za posledice svojih akcija. Primenom ove filozofije, korisnici droga se ne gone za posedovanje malih količina droga (“za ličnu upotrebu”). Naravno, vožnja pod dejstvom droga je strogo zabranjena, kao i vožnja pod alkoholom.
Tvrde droge / Meke droge
Kod nas se može čuti da je ova podela “izmišljena” od strane dilera kako bi se marihuana bolje prodavala (ili izjava ličnosti iz MUP-a:”nema lakih droga” – valjda je mislio i na alkohol :-). Jasno je povučena podela između tvrdih_droga (koje sa sobom nose neprihvatljive rizike) kao što su kokain i heroin, i mekih_droga – proizvoda kanabisa - hašiša i marihuane (Prema Holandskom zakonu o opijatima - "Opium Act"). Podela je zasnovana na tome da li suspstance izazivaju psihološku i/ili fizičku zavisnost. Glavni cilj ovakve politike je da odvoji tržište i korisnike mekih i tvrdih droga kako bi se smanjio rizik od upotrebe tvrdih droga,
Tzv. kofi_šopovi poseduju dozvolu za otvorenu prodaju kabisa i držanje veće količine zaliha od one za ličnu upotrebu. Mogu prodavati samo pojedinačnim mušterijama količinu dozvoljenu za ličnu upotrebu. Količina propisana za ličnu upotrebu je 4 biljke za uzganje po osobi ili 5 grama hašiša ili marihuane po osobi. Iznad toga postoji krivična odgovornost za posedovanje većih količina pa je posedovanje 360 grama kanabisa kažnjivo konfiskacijom i kaznom od €750.
Dilovanje na veliko, proizvodanja, uvoz i izvoz se kažnjavaju maksimalnim kaznama, čak i kada se snabdevaju korisnici kofi šopova dozvoljenim količinama – samo državno ovlašćeni kofi šopovi mogu prodavati kanabis.
Politika ne primenjivanja kazni
Kako je većina zemalja EU pristala na tolerantnost prema korisnicima/posedovanju malih količina kanabisa slična politika postoji u Holandskom ministrstvu pravde – postoji zvanični vodič za tužioce u kojim slučajevima prekršioce ne treba goniti. To je oficijalnija verzija česte politike u drugim državama, u kojima se postavljaju pravni prioriteti. Naravno, ovo je visoko sporna praksa i njeni protivnici se zalažu ili za punu legalizaciju ili da zakoni treba da kazne pogrešno ili dekadentno ponašanje, bio zakon primenljiv ili ne.
U Holandskim sudovima se smatra da ovakva praksa predstavlja de facto dekriminalizaciju. Zakoni koji se ne primenjuju ostali su deo zakonskih tekstova samo zbog međunarodnih pritisaka.
Tretman drugih droga
Naravno, visok prioritet je dat borbi protiv prometa narkotika kako je Holandija veoma važna tranzitna tačka za ulazak droga u EU, i glavni proizvođač i izvoznik amfetamina i drugih sintetičkih droga. Izvoz ekstazija u SAD tokom 90-ih dobio je endemske proporcije. 1997. je uspostavljena posebna policijska jedinica za borbu protiv “dizajniranih_droga”, i prilično je uspešna. Vlada je pojačala kontrolu granica i saradnju sa oklonim zemljema.
Odgovornost za politiku prema drogama snose zajedno Ministrastvo zdravlja, socijalne zaštite i sporta i ministarstvo pravde..
32
Holandija troši više od 130 miliona€ godišnje na programe prevencije i odvikavanja od teških droga. Veoma je izražena potreba za “harm reduction” programima (smanjenje štete) koja uključuju 90% zavisnika od droga (25 – 28 000 ljudi).
Zahvaljujući ovakvoj politici, broj korisnika teških droga se stabilizovao i njihova središnja starosna dob je porasla na 38 godina. Broj smrti od teških droga je najniži u Evropi.
Kofi Šopovi
U zvaničnom izveštaju kofi šopovima ističe se da je krajem 202. godine bilo 782 kofi šopa u Holandiji. To je smanjenje od 3% u odnosu na 2001. Broj opština sa kofi šopovima se povećao sa 105 na 107.
33
Nadalje, broj kofi šopova se blagi povećao u opštinama koje imaju ispod 20 000 stanovnika, dok se smanjio u opštinama sa velikim brojem istih, Pored četiri najveća grada – Amsterdama, Roterdama, Haga i Utrehta visoka koncetracija kofi šopova je u većim gradovima širom zemlje. Nekoliko je značajnih promena u odnosu na 2001:
• Od 496 opština samo 3% nisu definisale politiku koja reguliše broj kofi šopova. Većina opština o,a politiku da nema kofi šopove (mada je njihov broj u laganom opadanju) ili politiku maksimizacije. 2/3 opština je propisalo kriterijum o propisanom razmaku kofi šopova i škola, dok 1/13 graničnih opština ima ekstra kriterijum o razmaku kofi šopa i granice.
• Kako bi se regulisala prodaja kanabisa Ministarstvi pravde je uvelo AHOJ-G kriterijum, originalno formulisan 1991. i dopunjavan tako da sada sadrži odredbe da se kanabis ne može reklamirati, da se teške droge ne mogu prodavati, ne sme biti glasne muzike ili uznemiravanja javnosti oko kofi šopova (mušterije se nesmeju prekomereno zadržavati), zabranjena je prodaja osobama mlađim od18 godina, ne može se prodati više od 5 gr po osobi dnevno, kofi šop ne sme imati u zalihama više od 500 grama kanabisa (100 maks doza za prodaju). Opštine blago mogu menjati ove preporuke tako da neke dopunjuju kriterijume, a neke ih podrobnije objašnjavaju. Ovaj pravilnik sprovodi specijalni tim policije, osim u graničnim područjima gde je saradnja opsežnija. Policija dolazi u inspekciju nenajavljeno ili po pozivu građana. Ipak, maksimalni broj inspekcija je propisan u većini opština. Sankcije za kršenje variraju od težine prekršaja i skali su od upozorenja, novlanih kazni do privremenog ili potpunog zatvaranja kofi šopa i oduzimanja dozvole za rad. Prodaja teških droga se najteže kažnjava,.
Zaključci
Zaključak ove studije je da se broj kofi šopova blago smanjio u odnosu na 2001, posebno u četiri najveća grada. 75 opština imaju politiku da nema kofi šopova, 17 koristi maksimalne zakonom dozvoljene mogućnosti. Pilot studija o primeni AHOJ-G kriterijuma je pokazala da su kriterijum, politika i sankcije jasno formulisane i lake za upotrebu. Dakle u pitanju je adekvatni način da se reguliše prodaja kanabis proizvoda u kofi šopovima. Jedino usko grlo je prodaja većih količina kanabisa u pozadini.
Internet linkovi
• Medical_marijuana#Netherlands • Ova ceo izveštaj na holandskom sa sažetkom na engleskom, nalazi se na pratećem CD-u
34
35
III ISTORIJA KANABISA
III-01: OD CIVILIZACIJE DO 1900. 33III-02: KRIMINALIZACIJA 34III-03. REEFER MADNESS („DŽOINT LUDILO“) 36
III-01: OD CIVILIZACIJE DO 1900.
Upotreba kanabisa traje otprilike 5 000 godina. Neolitske arheološke iskopine u Kini uključuju semenke i biljke kanabisa. Prvo poznato spominjanje kanabisa je u Kineksim medicinskim tekstovima iz 2737 BC. Korišćena je kao lek u Aziji i na Bliskom_istoku za različita stanja. U Indiji je upotreba kanabisa tradicionalno povezana sa kultom Šive. Kanabis je bio poznat Skitima.
Nemci su počeli sa uzgajanjem kanabisa zbog vlakana – kako bi pravili nautičke konopac i odeću od vremena svog dolaska u Evropu. U “Elbing” Pruskom rečniku iz 1350 “hemp” se spominje kao knapis (derivacija od kanabis). Veliak polja kanabisa na obalama Rajne zadržala su se i u devetnestom veku. U modernoj Nemačkoj hemp se koristi za proizvodnju hemp piva i vina. Naravno, hemp biljke u današnjoj upotrebi moraju sadržati minimum THC-a.
Kanabis se u zapadnoj medicini koristio kao lek u obliku tinkture do sredine 19. veka. Najpoznatiji korisnik bila je Kraljica_Viktorija koja je kanabis dobijala od lekara za ublažavanje menstrualnih bolova. Kanabis se mogao kupiti u radnjama širom SAD do kraja 19. veka, kada je njegova medicinska upotreba počela da opada usled pojave drugih droga sa slilčnom upotrebom, poput aspirina.
I u periodu do početka 19. veka počeo je da se stvara profilisani krug korisnika kanabisa u rekreativne svrhe. Tada je „mistična strana kanabisa“ bila povezana sa uskim krugovima umetnika. Svakako je najpoznatiji Hašiš Klub (Club Des Hashichins) osnovan u parizu 1835. Njegov član, Baudelaie napisao je delo „Veštački rajevi“ u kome o efektima kanabisa kaže:
„This marvelous experience often occurs as if it were the effect of superior and invisible power acting on the person from without...This delightful and singular state...gives no advance warning. It is as unexpected as a ghost, an intermittent haunting from which we must draw, if we are wise, the certainty of a better existence. This acuteness of thought, this enthusiasm of the senses and the spirit must have appeared to man through the ages as the first blessing."
U izvesnom smislu, ovaj klub predstavlja začetništvo Evrpske i Američke tradicije rekreativne upotrebe kanabisa. Talas psihodelije 60-ih i 70-ih godina u SAD, pre svega dece cveća inspirisan je autorima poput poznatog Timoti Lirija i Aldouz Hakslija (“Ostrvo”,”Vrli novi svet”, “Vrata Percepcije”. Posebno želim da napomenem da potonji autori i osnivači “kulta psihodelije” prevashodno govore o znatno potentnijim psihoaktivnijim supstancama poput prirodnog meskalina i magičnih pečurki, ili hemijskog LSD-25 (danas popularnog “tripa”). Brkanje ovih droga i kanabisa može voditi samo daljim predrasudama, mistifikovale one ili demonizovale kanabis.
36
III-02: 20. VEK - KRIMINALIZACIJA
Do 1937. konzumiranje i prodaja kanabisa bili su legalni u većini država SAD. U nekim delovima zemlje mogao se otvoreno kupiti u večim količinama u prodavnicama namirnica ili u formi cigareta na novinskim štandovima. Sve veći broj država SAD počinje da stavlja kanabis van zakona. 1937. donosi se Federalni zakon kojim su posedovanje i transfer marihuane nelegalni ikoliko se ne kupi posebna tada inkriminišuća taksena marka (suprotno savetu Američke_zdravstvene_asocijacije tog vremena).
Odluka Kongresa zasnovana je na delu svedočenja iz novinskih članaka koje je posedovao William Randolph Hearst, interesent za kupovinu DuPont Inc. Analize poslovanja iz tog vremena ukazuju da je inters DuPoint-a bio unapređenje posustajuće tekstilne industrije u svetu posle Prvog svetskog rata, i da je on želeo da eliminiše hemp vlakna kao konkurenciju. Ipak, presudan uticaj imale su optužbe “cara droge” Henri Eslindžera (Henry Harry Anslinger). Eslindžer je optuživao kanabis za izazivanje agresivnog ponašanja kod inače uzornih građana. Svedočio je da “kanabis čini da se crnci osećaju jednaki belcima” ( Anslinger testified that cannabis "makes darkies feel equal to white men,") što je tipično za kampanje protiv droga tog vremena. Opijum je recimo korišćen kao izgovor za podsticanje Anglo-Kineske segregacije. Oženjenom čoveku u publici rekao je “Gospodo, kanabis će učiniti da vaše žene požele seks sa crncem” ("Gentlemen, it will make your wives want to have sex with a Black man!"). Eslindžer je popularizovao reč “marihuana” za biljkum koristeći prevashodno Meksički izraz. Izbor ovog izraza je upućivanje na sve veći broj Meksičkih imigranata, i stvaranje negativnog stereotipa koji je opstao do danas.
U otprilike isto vreme, na Jamajci, kanabis počinje da igra prominentnu ulogu u Rastafarijanskoj religiji, stvarajući često još jedan preovlađujući stereotip o “drogi geta”. Od perioda kriminalizacije kanabisa (koja se poklapa sa pojavom Rasta pokreta i religije) vojska i policija su, posebno u vremenu do oslobođenja Jamajke, ranih 70-ih, imali naređenje da zatvora Raste na 18 meseci za paljenje religioznog sakramenta. Vojska i policija su mogle da love, tuku i ubijaju Raste po volji21.
Iako je kanabis koriščen u rekreativne svrhe kroz istoriju, početak masovnije urbane konzumacije poklapa se sa pojavom džez scene kasnih 20-ih i 30-ih kada Luis Armstrong postaje jedan od najvećih zagovornika kanabisa. Kanabis je imao prominentnu ulogu u kontrakulturi 60-ih i ostvario je značajan uticaj na moderne hipi, sajberhipi (elektronska plesna muzika), rege-rasta i rok/bluz muzičke pravce i njima bliske podkulture i kontrakulture. Danas je kanabis najkorišćenija nelegalna droga na svetu, pre svega zahvaljujući kriminalizaciji i kontraverzama koje su usledile sa jedne strane, i opstaječem duhu pobune i drugačije vizije stvarnosti mladih.
Međutim, od samih početaka masovnije rekreativne upotrebe kanabis se suočio sa predrasudama i pogrešnim ili nepotpunim informacijama, prvo u SAD a zatim i u svetu. 1924. čuveni „Dejli Miror“ upozotrarava da „marihuana podstiče erotske impulse i vodi revoltirajućim seksualnim zločinima“ ('Marijuana Inflames The Erotic Impulses And Leads To Revolting Sex Crimes')
Iste 1924, Egipatski delegat na međunarodnoj konferenciji u Ženevi – povodom regulisanje prometa opijatima – predlaže da se kanabis tretira kao droga koja razvijanaviku i koja treba da bude međunarodno kontrolisana. Njegovo histerično_svedočenje dovelo je do odluke podkomiteta da:
„Zloupotreba preparata kanabisa koji se žvaću, jedu ili unose pušenjem droge jesu posebno opasni jer njihova neumerena upotreba vodi zavisnosti i problemima ozbiljnim poput sličnih stanja koje izaziva opijum i njegovi derivati“
Bez ikakve prigodne naučne studije kanabis je kategorizovan sa heroinom, i kao rezultat predlog da se zbarani je usvojen. Iako je Britanski predstavnik bio suzdržan, Britanska vlada usvaja Zakon o opasnim drogama (Dangerous Drugs Act) 1925. u vreme kada niko u Engleskoj nije pušio kanabis. Prema Marek Kohn-u 'njena upotreba bila mala u međuratnom periodu U Britaniji“. Međutim, tokom Drugog svetskog rata, „podzemna“ klupska scena se poniovorodila. Nova generacija džez muzičara prihvatila je nove droge, poput kanabisa i benzedrina. Pošto se rat završio, ovi klubovi postali su ključni deo tzv. „bop pobune“.
21 Morgan Heritage: Questions.mp3
37
U SAD, iz koje je džez potekao, priča je tekla drugačije. Iako je hemp uzgajan od najranijih dana belačkih naseobina u SAD zbog svojih vlakana, psihoaktivna svojstva kanabisa bila je nepoznata pre Meskičke revolucije 1910.
„Marihuana“ – (Meksička reč za kanabis) bila je oduvek pušena južno od granice SAD ali je rat naterao hiljade Meksikanaca da pređu Rio Grande. U njihovom prtljagu bio je i kanabis a na usnama marš Panča Vile, pesma „La Cucaracha“.
Pesma je brzo postala džez standard. Njen originalni tekst je šaljivog karaktera i govori o stondiranoj bubašvabi 'La cucaracha ya no puede caminar, porque no tiene marihuana por fumar' – što se grubo može prevesti „Bubašvaba više ne može da hoda jer nema više marihuane da puši“.
Prva zabeležena upotreba marihuane u Sad je iz 1909. u Storivilu (Storyville), u ulici crvenih svetiljki, gde je rođen Luis Armstrong 1901 i koje se smatra rodnim mestom džeza. Ovde je marihuana postala integralni deo džez ere. Nasuprot alkoholnom piću koje je izazivalo pad kapaciteta i raspoloženja marihuana je omogućavala muzičarima da sviraju duboko u noć i zaborave na iscrpljenost. Nadalje, droga je činila da njihova muzika izgleda maštovitije i unikatnije, barem za one koji su je slušali ili svirali pod senzornim uticajima kanabisa. Džez i sving su u SAD povezivani sa „crncima, meksikancima i zabavljačima“ i oni su okarakterisani kao „izvor upotrebe marihuane“. Belci su bli zabrinuti što nepismni crnci šire svoju „vudu“ muziku koja je terala čak i poštene bele žene da tapkaju nogama u ritmu, dok su istovremeno prodavali zlu biljku koja je i kod najuvaženijih izazivala napuštanje inhibicija. Prema Heri Šapiru (Harry Shapiro) „ u ranim dvadesetim marihuana je pod raznim imenima (muggles, muta, gage, tea, reefer, grifa, Mary Warner, Mary Jane, rosa maria) bila poznata samo muzičarima“.
Dakle, neposredno pre kriminalizacije, marihuana je povezivana sa divljim muzikom i nedoličnim ponašanjem – i „Crnjama“. Vlasti su požurile da preduzmu korake. Od 1910. do kraja 1930. vlasti u Nju Orleansu i mediji su sproveli zlonamernu i rasistički kampanju bez precedenta kao početak antikanabis propagande koja će tek uslediti. Nju Orleans je prvi stavio kanabis van zakona 1923. da bi to učinila Luzijana 1927. Do vremena prohibicije alkohola 17 država je zabranilo kanabis.
1930. formira se Federalni biro za narkotike, notorni kanafob kroz dalju istoriju. Hari Aslindžer, kasnije poznat kao „car droge“ je na čelu ovog biroa proveo naredne 32 godine, sve dok ga nije uklonio predsednik Džon Kenedi. Postoji nekoliko razloga zašto se aslindžer okomio na pušače kanabisa. Njegovom birou su pretila smanjenja budžeta tako da je bio neophodan novio narkotik koji bi se suzbijao. Aslindžer je imao značajnu podršku industrijalaca koji svoj interes nisu videli u uličnoj drogi, već u zabrani industrijskog kanabisa – hempa. Možda je Aslindžer i verovao u sopstvenu propagandu, ali je svakako doprineo da se kanabis zabrani širom SAD. On upoztrebu kanabisa povezivao samo sa depriviranim ponašanjem, već i sa groznim kriminalnim zločinima.
Aslindžer je prikupljao slučajeve silovanja i ubistva navodno počijene pod uticajem kanabisa. Objavljivao ih je u obliku lucidnih članaka sa naslovima poput: 'Youth Gone Loco', 'Sex Crazing Drug Menace' i klasičan, 'Marihuana, Assassin of Youth' („Marihuana ubica mladih“), koji se pojavio u American Magazine 1937: „Niko ne zna kada stavi marihuana cigaretu na usne, da li će postati radosni istraživač muzičkog raja ili ludi, bezrazumni – mirni filozof ili ubica ...“ ('No one knows, when he places a marihuana cigarette to his lips, whether he will become a joyous reveller in a musical heaven, a mad insensate, a calm philosopher, or a murderer...' )
Aslindžerova_taktika_zastrašivanja je uspela i 1937. donet je „Marihuana Tax Act“ koji je efektivno zabranio kanabis na Federalnom nivou. Vest je iznosila 3,5 reda Nju Jork Tajmsa 3. avgusta 1937: „Predsednik Ruzvelt je danas potpisao zakon koji će suzbiti promet narkotika marihuane putem teških taksi na transakcije“. To je bio početak globalne politike zabrane i progona koja je u izmenjenim formama trajala u demokratskim, diktatorskim i komunističkim režimima do poslednje decenije 20. i prve decenije 21. veka, koja se najbolje može videti kroz Amerilčki primer „Džoint ludila“.
38
III-03: REEFER MADNESS
Reefer je izraz koji se najčešće odnosi na marihuana cigarete, ponekada i na samu supstancu. Izraz je bio aktuelan početkom 20-tog_veka, ali se danas koristi u šaljivom smislu. Danas se često koristi kao refernca na propagandni film iz 30-ih godina Reefer Madness, koji je značajno preuveličao efekte marihuane, kao i na celokupni propagandni talas kome je film pripadao.
Reefer Madness
Izvor; Wikipedia, besplatna net enciklopedija
Reefer Madness, originalni naziv Tell Your Children (“recite svojoj deci”),je kultni film iz 1936. Trajanje filma je 1:04:43.
Režiser je Louis Gasnier, koji je pripadnik ere prenaglašene glume iz vremena nemih filmova. Glumci su uglavnom nepoznati. Scenario je napisao Laurence Meade. Radnja se vrti oko tragičnih događaja koji prate srednjoškolce koji su zavedeni preprodavcima droge da probaju "marihuanu": ubistvom, samoubistvom, padom u stanje ludila.
Kao propagandni_film finansiran od moralista ,bio je značajna pogreška. Urzo ga je otkupio (prava) Dwain Esper, isekao u “komade” i počeo da zarađuje na prikazivanju u ruralnim sredinama. Po isteku prava, sklonjen je na policu i kopirajt nije obnavljan. Na kraju ga je otkupio Keith Stroup, osnivač NORML pokreta (National Organization for Reform of Marijuana Laws), koji je od njega načinio omiljeni izvor podsmeha pušača kanabisa u studentskim kampusima. Masa gledalaca ga je proglasila kultnim filmom zbog oskudne produkcije i kvaliteta i prengalašene glume. Smatra se od strane kanabis aktivista da on prikazuje pravu stranu "Rata_protiv_droga:".
Reefer Madness je proglašen javnim dobrom (public domain) i može se naći na Internetu. Film je snimljen u DivX formatu na CD-u.
Citat
"Isn't it true that you have, perhaps unwillingly, quite a certain harmful habit through association with certain undesirable people?" (29:30)
Linkovi
• Internet Archive : Reefer Madness o DivX .avi 291 MB o MPEG4 .mp4 150 MB
Primer plakata iz reefer madness perioda:
39
40
IV PRAVNI STATUS
IV-01: LEGALNI ASPEKTI U 2004. 38IV-02: PREGLED PO ZEMLJAMA 39IV-03: PREPORUKE VLADI JAMAJKE 2001. 41IV-04: PREDLOG 215 (1996.) SAD 42IV-05: REKLASIFIKACIJA KANABISA,GB,04 44IV-06: PREPORUKE: KANADA (2002) 46IV-07: POSTOJANJE SMRTNE KAZNE 48IV-08: O DEKRIMINALIZACIJI/LEGALIZACIJI 50
IV-01: LEGALNI ASPEKTI U 2004.
U mnogim slučajevima posedovanje ili upotreba rasprostranjenih rekreativnih droga krši zakon. U nekim kulturama, upotreba posebno marihuane (koja je postala ilegalna pre 70 godina) postaje ponovno sagledana kao legitimna i prihvatljiv čin odgovornog ponašanja odraslih pojedinaca. Ovaj stav preovlađuje u zapadnoj Evropi (posebno_u_Holandiji), od skora u Kanadi, gde se sprovodi politika ignorisanja ili davanja niskog prioriteta policiji kada su tzv. "lake_droge" u pitanju.
Ovakav stav je označen kao suprotstavljanje zvaničnoj politici vlade SAD, koja je objavila "Rat_drogama" u vreme vlade Ričarda_Niksona 1972 i koja je intenzivirana za vreme vlade Ronalda Reagana. SAD su i danas mnogo striktnije u sprovođenju. Danas aktuelna Federalna agencija je DEA - Drug Enforcement Agency, DEA je do sada potrošila bilione dolara budžetskog novca na bezuspešno suzbijanje problema rekreativne upotrebe droga. Zanimljivo je da studije pokazuju da je konzumiranje droga uopšte rasprostranjenije u SAD nego u Evropskim zemljama sa znatno liberalnijim zakonima. Neki od teoretičara smatraju da je sama prohibicija izvor aure mističnosti njihove upotrebe i da ohrabruje eksperimentisanje mladih, posebno u periodu adolescencije i studija.
Mnoga društva su napustila represivni koncept neuspešnog pokušaja potpune zabrane rekreativnih droga i okrenule se politici smanjenja_rizika informisanjem korisnika o čestim rizicima povezanim sa popularnim drogama i obezbeđuvanja medicinske i psihosocijalne podrške korisnicima droga koji pristanu na dobrovoljno lečenje. Smanjenje rizika je zvanična politika Holandije i nekih oblasti Kanade poput Vankuvera, koji je prestao da aktivno goni krajnje korisnike rekreativnih droga. Umesto progona velike populacije krajnjih korisnika, napori se fokusiraju na hvatanje dilera i proizvođača "teških_droga" poput heroina i kokaina, davanjem čistih igala korisnicima hreoina i obezbeđivanje programa za korisnike koji pristanu na odvikavanje.
MEĐUNARODNI DOKUMENTI
Značajan problem u sveobuhvatnijoj liberalizaciji predstavljaju međunarodni dokumenti doneti u periodu 1960. – 1995. od kojih je najveća prepreka dokument UN “* The United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances“ iz 1988. koja obavezuje članice da kanabis tretiraju jednako kao heroin. Ovu konvenciju je ratifikovalo 150 zemalja. Promene u međunarodnoj pravnoj materiji su neophodan korak u eventualnoj daljoj liberalizaciji i promociji politike smanjenja štete.
Sledeća međunarodna dokumenta kriminalizuju kanabis:
• The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, • The Convention on Psychiatropic Substances, 1971.• The United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances,
1988.
41
IV-02: PREGLED PO POJEDINIM ZEMLJAMA
Albanija
Uprkos zakonima koji zabranjuju uzgajanje i posedovanje kanabisa, primena zakona je gotovo ništavna. Desilo se manje od 10 hapšenja u poslednjih 5 godina.
Australija
Političari su glasali da doktori imaju pravo da odrede kada je kanabis prigodan za medicinsku upotrebu u centralnom delu Australije. Posle intenzivnog lobiranja federalnih vlasti, zakon je vraćen u pređašnje, kriminalizovano stanje.
Belgija
Iako je kanabis još uvek nelegalan, Belgijske vlasti su inicirale istraživanja o efektivnosti kanabisa i očekuje se skora dekriminalizacija posedovanja malih količina.
Kamerun
Uzgajanje kanabisa je ilegalno, dok pacijenti oboleli od SIDE i raka smeju da ga koriste za treteman simptoma.
Kanada
U čuvenom slučaju Hitzig v. Canada sud je presudio da je zakon Marihuana Medical Access Regulations neustavan u delu u kome zabranjuje ozbiljno bolesnim kanađanima da koruste marihuanu jer nema njenog legalnog izvora. U praksi ovo znači da Kanađani da ne mogu biti procesuirani za medicinsku upotrebu kanabisa. U julu 2000. u slučaju Parker (epileptičar Terry Parker) drugi sudija je izjavio da je probkematičnost Kanadskih zakona o drogama u tome što u delu o zabrani posedovanja malih količina ne sadrže razuman izuzetak u sličaju medicinske upotrebe. Kanadskoj vladi je data jedna godina da reši ovaj problem, i ona je načinola Marihuana Medical Access Regulations. Efektivno se pokazalo da Kanda nema prave procesuirajuće zakone koji zabranjuju prosto posedovanje bilo koje količine kanabisa. Predstavnici SAD tvrde da dekriminalizacija kanabisa u Kanadi može poremetiti odnose ove dve zemlje, i mnogi Kanađani veruju da je to jedina preoreka efektivnoj dekriminalizaciji u Kanadi.
Nemačka
Upotreba je ilegalna, ali se posedovanje malih količina u praksi ne kažnjava.
Izrael
Mali broj ljudi je dobio posebne dozvole od Ministarstva zdravlja za upotrebu kanabisa u medicinske svrhe. Međutim, u Izraelu postoji partija koja se zalaže za dekriminalizaciju kanabisa,
Jamajka
Posedovanje kanabisa je ilegalno iz bilo kog razloga, mada se zakon ne sprovodi. Posle izveštaja Zvanične komisije premijeru vodi se debata sa preporukom za legalizaciju posedovanja za odrasle u rekreativne i medicinske svrhe.
Japan
Sve forme koje sadrže kanabis ilegalne su od 1948. kada su došle Američke okupacione trupe i Primenile svoj Hemp Control Law
Luksemburg
Posedovanje kanabisa je sada legalno za odrasle u rekreativne i medicinske svrhe dokle god osoba koja je poseduje nije blizu kampusa i deca nisu uključena. Rupa u zakonu onemogućava da policija pretraži i oduzme kanabis, otežavajući primenu zakona,
42
Holandija
Kanabis je legalno nabavljiv za rekreativnu upotrebu u kofi_šopovima već nekoliko godina. Kanabis je na raspolaganju pacijentima i bez recepta. Od 2003. kanabis je legalan lek koja se može dobiti na recept i kupiti u apoteci. U apoteci košta više nego u kofi šopu: €9 po gramu.
Novi Zeland
Ministar zdravlja Annette King izjavila je da "ima simpatije za medicinsku upotrebu kanabisa Ali potpuno je druga stvar reći da svi treba da ga pupe." Njen zvaničan stav je da su potrebne konkluzivnije studije i metod regulisanja doze pre nego što se dopusti medicinska upotreba.
Scott David Findlay, paraplegičar, osuđen je zbog kanabisa. Sudija, Robert Spear (Dunedin District Court) ponudio je da odredi društveno koristan rad umesto zatvora, ali Finlej ne priznaije validnost Novozelandskih zakona o kanabisu i odbija da pristane na komunalni rad. Sudija je to označio kao “uzaludan protest” i osudio ga je na 3 meseca zatvora.
Portugal
Od 2001. posedovanje bilo koje droge za ličnu upotrebu je legalno, dok se prodaja i puštanje u promet i dalje vode kao kriminalni prekršaji.
Švajcarska
Iako svako posedovanje i uzgajanje ostaje ilegalno, Gornji dom parlamenta je dozvolio dekriminalizaciju marihuane.
Velika Britanije
1998 Gornji dom (Kuća lordova) je preporučio da se kanabis izdaje na recept. Vlada nije prihvatila predlog, ali je odobreno da doktori mogu prepisati kanabis. Sve je veći broj oslobađajučih presuda za medicinsko posedovanje kanabisa.
2003. GWIn 2003, GW Pharmaceuticals dobija ekskluzivnu dozvolu za istraživanje efekata kanabisa i očekuje se da će prodaja leka baziranog na kanabisu početi 2004.
SAD
Marihuana je nelegalna na federalnom nivou, međutim 35 država i okrug grada Kolumbija, imaju zakone koji dozvoljavaju izuzetak u medicinskoj upotrebi. Kalifornija je prva uvela tzv. Proposition 215 koji omogućava pristup medicinskoh marihuani, međutim federalna agencija DEA (Drug Enforcement Agency) nastavlja da hapsi ljude zbog medicinske upotrebe, koja iako lokalno legalna, ostaje nelegalna na federalnom nivou. Oficijelan stav federalnih vlasti SAD je da je medicinska marihuana mit izmišljen od strane aktivista čiji je cilj legalizacija svih droga.
43
IV-03: PREPORUKE VLADI JAMAJKE 2001. 22
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The National Commission on Ganja accepts that ganja is not entirely safe. Despite its proven folk medicinal qualities, its use can be injurious to health. There is evidence that for those who smoke it the inhalation of tar and other compounds can affect the lungs; that users can experience short term memory loss and delayed reaction time; and that among young people it can retard the learning process. There is also documented evidence that the substance can produce in some people a mentally disturbed state of ganja psychosis.
Notwithstanding these and other ill effects, the Commission is of the view that many, if not most, persons who use ganja in moderation suffer no apparent short or long term debility. Not only that, but its reputation among the people as a panacea and a spiritually enhancing substance is so strong that it is must be regarded as culturally entrenched. As a result, the practice of criminalising the users of small quantities does far more harm than good to the society as a whole. The Commission is mindful also that there are legally available substances that have been shown to have physiological and psychological ill-effects that, based on current evidence, are more injurious than those of ganja. Such is the case with alcohol and tobacco.
It is the view of the Commission that the punitive sanctions administered by the justice system to users of small quantities is not only unjust but is a major source of disrespect and contempt for the legal system as a whole. Moreover, the punishment meted out to such offenders has not had and is not likely to have the desired effect of a deterrent. Administering the present laws as they apply to possession and use of small quantities of ganja not only puts an unbearable strain on the relationship of the police with the communities, in particular the male youth, but also ties up the justice system and the work of the police, who could use their time to much greater advantage in the relentless pursuit of crack/cocaine trafficking.
Accordingly the Commission recommends as follows:
1. that the relevant laws be amended so that ganja be decriminalised for the private, personal use of small quantities by adults;
2. that decriminalisation for personal use should exclude smoking by juveniles or by anyone in premises accessible to the public;
3. that ganja should be decriminalised for use as a sacrament for religious purposes;
4. that a sustained all-media, all-schools education programme aimed at demand reduction accompany the process of decriminalisation, and that its target should be, in the main, young people;
5. that the security forces intensify their interdiction of large cultivation of ganja and trafficking of all illegal drugs, in particular crack/cocaine;
6. that, in order that Jamaica be not left behind, a Cannabis Research Agency be set up, in collaboration with other countries, to coordinate research into all aspects of cannabis, including its epidemiological and psychological effects, and importantly as well its pharmacological and economic potential, such as is being done by many other countries, not least including some of the most vigorous in its suppression; and
7. that as a matter of great urgency Jamaica embark on diplomatic initiatives with its CARICOM partners and other countries outside the Region, in particular members of the European Union, with a view (a) to elicit support for its internal position, and (b) to influence the international community to re-examine the status of cannabis.
22 A REPORT OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION ON GANJA TO Rt. Hon. P.J. PATTERSON, Q.C., M.P. PRIME MINISTER OF JAMAICA, 7 Avgust 2001. strane 60-61
44
IV-04: PREDLOG 215 (1996), SAD
Who says you can't change the world?
California's Proposition 215 was the first statewidemedical marijuana voter initiative adopted in the USA.
Text of Prop 215 (Cal HS 11362.5)
It's the law. Cannabis (marijuana) was listed in medical texts to treat over 100 different conditions, prior to its ban in 1937 over the objections of the AMA. Medical use is still allowed under the UN Single Convention Treaty on Narcotic Drugs. The California Supreme Court has ruled that marijuana is as legal as any prescription drug under State law.
Proposition 215 (HS 11362.5) was passed in 1996 by a 56% majority of California voters in November 1996. That is more California votes than Presidents Clinton, Bush or most other elected official have received.
The National Academy of Science did a scientific review in 1999 for the federal Office of Narcotics Control Policy and documented legitimate medical uses for cannabis, but the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) still forbids its use. Meanwhile, the US government gives cannabis to seven patients in the Compassionate IND (Investigational New Drug) program. Eight states have legalized medical marijuana and allow patients to obtain, use and cultivate the herb. In May of 2001, the US Supreme Court ruled that state and federal laws do not need to conform with each other, leaving patients in legal Limbo. Prop 215 and all other state medical marijuana laws remain in effect.
Other States have followed suit. Since its passage, voters in five other states legalized medical marijuana through similar initiatives. These all require a doctor's recommendation and include the right for patients to cultivate marijuana for their own use. Two elections were undermined by government officials and have not allowed the votes to be counted. See explanation below for more details.
California, 1996, 56% yes vote on Prop 215 to add 11362.5 to the Health and Safety Code, legalizing medical marijuana for seriously ill patients. Arizona passed Prop 200 by an even higher 65% majority. That law moved all drugs to a situation that would allow doctors to recommend them. The state legislature repealed the popular election vote, and voters promptly put it back onto the ballot as a referendum for 1998. It won there again in 1998, and voters in Alaska, Washington, Oregon, Nevada and Maine also legalized medical use of marijuana through the initiative process.
Voters in Colorado and Washington DC were both deprived of thier right to be counted. In Colorado it was a voter's registrar's adminitstrative decision to discount voter petitions, and in Washington DC it took an act of Congress by the Republican dominated House to forbid that the votes be counted. Exit polls in both areas showed healthy margins of victory for medical marijuana. Colorado voters finally had their say in 2000 and approved the reform. Apparently, the Drug War is not healthy for democracy.
The Hawaii legislature has also legalized medical marijuana. Legislatures of more than 30 states have approved medical marijuana laws at some point during the past 30 years. Among its federal advocates was the notoriously conservative GOP Congressman Newt Gingrich.
The text of the Prop 215 initiative follows:
Section 1. Section 11362.5 is added to the California Health and Safety Code, to read:
11362.5. (a) This section shall be known and may be cited as the Compassionate Use Act of 1996.
45
(b) (1) The people of the State of California hereby find and declare that the purposes of the Compassionate Use Act of 1996 are as follows:
(A) To ensure that seriously ill Californians have the right to obtain and use marijuana for medical purposes where that medical use is deemed appropriate and has been recommended by a physician who has determined that the persons health would benefit from the use of marijuana in the treatment of cancer, anorexia, AIDS, chronic pain, spasticity, glaucoma, arthritis, migraine or any other illness for which marijuana provides relief.
(B) To ensure that patients and their primary caregivers who obtain and use marijuana for medical purposes upon the recommendation of a physician are not subject to criminal prosecution or sanction.
(C) To encourage the federal and state governments to implement a plan for the safe and affordable distribution of marijuana to all patients in medical need of marijuana.
(2) Nothing in this act shall be construed to supersede legislation prohibiting persons from engaging in conduct that endangers others, nor to condone the diversion of marijuana for non-medical purposes.
(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no physician in this state shall be punished, or denied any right or privilege, for having recommended marijuana to a patient for medical purposes.
(d) Section 11357, relating to the possession of marijuana, and Section 11358, relating to the cultivation of marijuana, shall not apply to a patient, or to a patient's primary caregiver, who possesses or cultivates marijuana for the personal medical purposes of the patient upon the written or oral recommendation or approval of a physician.
(e) For the purposes of this section, Primary caregiver means the individual designated by the person exempted under this act who has consistently assumed responsibility for the housing, health or safety of that person.
Sec. 2. If any provision of this measure or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, that invalidity shall not affect other provisions or applications of the measure which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of this measure are severable.
46
IV-05: REKLASIFIKACIJA KANABISA, BRITANIJA (2004)
© Nature News Service / Macmillan Magazines Ltd 2004
Cannabis downgraded
UK reclassification prompts dope debate. 29 January 2004
HELEN R. PILCHER
This Thursday sees the downgrading of cannabis from a class B to a class C drug in Britain, putting it on a par with tranquillizers and steroids.
Many people welcome the move, but it has also sparked controversy. Some caution that cannabis can trigger mental illness, whereas others maintain that the drug is medically useful.
In Britain, drugs are grouped into three categories. Class A drugs include heroin and morphine, class B drugs include amphetamines and barbiturates, and those in class C, now including cannabis, are judged to be the least damaging.
Under the reclassification, the possession, production and supply of marijuana are still illegal, but the penalties are different. Adults found carrying the drug are now more likely to receive a warning than a prison sentence. And the maximum prison sentence for possession has dropped from five to two years. Legally, this brings Britain in line with some European countries such as the Netherlands, although in practice these laws are likely to be more strictly enforced in Britain.
An estimated three million people in Britain take cannabis each year, some for medicinal reasons, but most for recreational use. This includes one-quarter of those aged between 16 and 24.
Mind-altering
The long-term effects of smoking marijuana are uncertain. Some argue that cannabis can trigger schizophrenia, but the evidence for this is controversial. A recent government report1 concluded that there is no clear causal link between cannabis and mental-health problems. But Robin Murray of the Institute of Psychiatry in London disagrees. "Cannabis nearly always exacerbates symptoms in people that already have mental-health problems," he says.
Murray has assessed cumulative data from five recent studies looking at cannabis use and schizophrenia. People who use cannabis are twice as likely to develop schizophrenia than non-users, he concludes.
That said, the overall risk is low. Most people who smoke dope don't develop psychosis. But some may be more vulnerable to the drug's mind-altering effects than others.
Marijuana use may have other adverse health effects too. Regular smokers - of cannabis or tobacco alike - are more likely to develop lung cancer and respiratory problems such as asthma. And controversial studies have shown that the drug can lower sperm counts in men and suppress ovulation in women1.
47
An estimated three million people in the UK take cannabis every year.© BrandX
Healing powers
But the drug may have positive effects for some. Marijuana is thought to dull chronic pain and may ease the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), an incurable disease of the nervous system that causes spasms, pain and tremor.
In a recent large-scale trial, 60% of MS patients who took synthetic cannabis said it helped their mobility and eased their pain and muscle stiffness. "It doesn't suit everyone, but it does suit some," says Clare Hodges, MS sufferer and founder of the Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics, a pressure group that lobbies for the medicinal use of marijuana.
About 10,000 seriously ill patients in Britain use cannabis to control their symptoms, says Hodges. Sufferers tend to smoke or eat the drug.
The reclassification isn't expected to make much difference to those who already take the drug, as it has been readily available for some years. But it may make life easier for those who use it medicinally, as arrests for cannabis possession are expected to become less frequent.
"We hope that the prosecuting authorities will treat self-medicating patients sympathetically," says David Harrison, a spokesperson for Britain's Multiple Sclerosis Society
48
Cannabis may help relieve chronic pain.© GettyImages
IV-06: PREPORUKE: KANDA (2002)
Izvor:SENATE SPECIAL COMMITTEE
ON ILLEGAL DRUGSCANNABIS : SUMMARY REPORT
PROPOSALS FOR IMPLEMENTING THE REGULATIONOF CANNABIS FOR THERAPEUTICAND RECREATIONAL PURPOSES
Amendments to theMarijuana Medical Access Regulations(Production and sale of cannabis for therapeutic purposes)
A. Eligible person
A person affected by one of the following: wasting syndrome; chemotherapy treatment; fibromyalgia; epilepsy; multiple sclerosis; accident-induced chronic pain; and some physical condition including migraines and chronic headaches, whose physical state has been certified by a physician or an individual duly authorized by the competent medical association of the province or territory in question, may choose to buy cannabis and its derivatives for therapeutic purposes. The person shall be registered with an accredited distribution centre or with Health Canada.
B. Licence to distribute
A Canadian resident may obtain a licence to distribute cannabis and its derivatives for therapeutic purposes. The resident must undertake to only sell cannabis and its derivatives to eligible persons; to only sell cannabis and its derivatives purchased from producers duly licensed for this purpose; to keep detailed records on the medical conditions an their development, consumption and the noted effects on patients; to take all measures needed to ensure the safety of the cannabis products and to submit to departmental inspections.
C. Licence to produce
A Canadian resident may obtain a licence to produce cannabis and its derivatives for therapeutic purposes. The resident must undertake: to not hold a licence to produce cannabis for non therapeutic purposes; to take the measures necessary to ensure the consistency, regularity and quality of crops; to take the measures necessary to ensure the security of production sites; to know and document the properties and concentrations of each harvest with respect to Delta 9 THC; to sell only to accredited distribution centres and to submit to departmental inspections.
D. Other proposals· Ensure that expenses relating to the use of cannabis for therapeutic purposes will be eligible for a medical expenses tax credit;· Establish a program of research into the therapeutic applications of cannabis, by providing sufficient funding; by mandating the Canadian Centre on Psychoactive Substances and Dependency to co-ordinate the research program; and by providing for the systematic study of clinical cases based on the documentation available in organizations currently distributing cannabis for therapeutic purposes and in future distribution centres; and· Ensure that the advisory committee on the therapeutic use of cannabis represents all players, including distribution centres and users.
Amendment to the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA)(Production and sale of cannabis for non therapeutic purposes)
A. General aims of the bill· To reduce the injurious effects of the criminalization of the use and possession of cannabis and its derivatives;
49
· To permit persons over the age of 16 to procure cannabis and its derivatives at duly licensed distribution centres; and· To recognize that cannabis and its derivatives are psychoactive substances that may present risks to physical and mental health and, to this end, to regulate the use and trade of these substances in order to prevent at-risk use and excessive use.
B. Licence to distributeAmend the Act to create a scheme providing for exemption to the criminal offences provided in the CDSA with respect to the distribution of cannabis. A Canadian resident may obtain a licence to distribute cannabis. The resident must undertake not to distribute to persons under the age of 16; must never have been sentenced for a criminal offence, with the exception of offences related to the possession of cannabis, for which an amnesty will be declared; and must agree to procure cannabis only from duly licensed producers. In addition, in accordance with potential restrictions under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, licensed distributors shall not display products explicitly and shall not advertise in any manner.
C. Licence to produceAmend the Act to create an exemption to the criminal offences provided in the CDSA with respect to the production of cannabis. A Canadian resident may obtain a licence to produce cannabis. The resident must undertake to only sell to duly licensed distributors; to sell only marijuana and hashish with a THC content of 13% or less; to limit production to the quantity specified in the licence; to take the measures needed to ensure the security of production sites; to keep detailed records of quantities produced, crops, levels of THC concentration and production conditions; and to submit to departmental inspections. No person charged with and sentenced for criminal offences, with the exception of the possession of cannabis, for which an amnesty will be declared, shall be granted a licence. No person or legal entity, directly or indirectly associated with the production, manufacture, promotion, marketing or other activity connected with tobacco products and derivatives shall be granted a licence. In accordance with potential restrictions under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, cannabis products and their derivatives shall not be advertised in any manner.
D. Production for personal use
Amend the Act to create an exemption to the criminal offences provided in the CDSA in order to permit the personal production of cannabis so long as it is not sold for consideration or exchang e in kind or other and not advertised or promoted in any other way. In addition, quantities shall be limited to ensure production is truly for personal consumption.
E. Consumption in public
Consumption in public places frequented by young people under 16 years of age shall be prohibited.
F. International tradeAll forms of international trade, except those explicitly permitted under the Act shall be subject to the penalties provided in the CDSA for illegal trafficking.
G. Other proposals· Ensure the establishment of a National Cannabis Board with duly mandated representatives of the federal government and the governments of the provinces and territories. The Board would keep a national register on the production and sale of cannabis and its derivatives, set the amount and distribution of taxes taken on the sale of cannabis products and ensure the taxes collected on the production and sale of cannabis and derivatives aredirected solely to prevention of at-risk use, treatment of excessive users, research and observation of trends and the fight against illegal trafficking.· The provinces and territories would continue to develop prevention measures that should be directed at at-risk use, as a priority. The Canadian Centre on Psychoactive Substances and Dependency should be mandated to collect best treatment practices and ensure an exchange of information on effective practices and their evaluation.· The provinces and territories would continue to develop support and treatment measures that should be directed at excessive use, as a priority. The Canadian Centre on Psychoactive Substances and Dependency should be mandated to collect best prevention practices and ensure an exchange ofinformation on effective practices and their evaluation.· Resources available to police and customs to fight smuggling, export in all its forms and cross-border trafficking should be increased.
50
IV-07: POSTOJANJE SMRTNE KAZNE
Izvor. Wikipedia
As of 2003, only a minority of countries still include the death penalty in their legal system. Several of those which still have the death penalty have either carried it out or legislated it for cannabis usage or trafficking.
In Malaysia, Mustaffa Kamal Abdul Aziz, 38 yrs old, and Mohd Radi Abdul Majid, 53 yrs old, were executed at dawn on January 17, 1996, for the trafficking of 1.18 kilograms of cannabis. [2] Under Malaysia's anti-drug laws, the death penalty is mandatory for trafficking certain drugs. Anyone found in possession of at least 15 grams of heroin, 1,000 grams of opium or 200 grams of cannabis is presumed to be guilty (until proven innocent) of trafficking in the drug. This reverses the usual presumption of innocence of internationally recognised norms of law.
The Philippines introduced stronger anti-drug laws (including the death penalty) in 2002. [3]
In 1996 in the USA, Newt Gingrich planned to introduce a mandatory death penalty for a second offense of smuggling 50 grams of marijuana into the USA, in the proposed law H.R. 4170. It seems that the proposal failed, so that under the 1994 Crime Act, the threshold for sentencing a death penalty in relation to marijuana is the involvement with the cultivation or distribution of 60,000 marijuana plants (or seedlings) or 60,000 kilograms of marijuana.
Canadian Law Relating to Cannabis
On December 23, 2003, The Supreme Court of Canada announced (in a 6-3 decision) that the criminalization of Marijuana was not unconstitutional.
51
IV-08: O DEKRIMINALIZACIJI/LEGALIZACIJI
Bez ikakvog upliva u semantiku i pravne aspekte, laički se ova dva rešenja “pitanja kanabisa” mogo opisati kao:
Dekriminalizacija – predstavlja proces u kome posedovanje propisane količine kanabisa, omogućavanje industrijske i medicinske upotrebe kanabisa kao i uzgajanje kanabisa za ličnu upotrebu predstavljaju dekriminalizovana dela. Ona mogu biti regulisana kao nekažnjivo ponašanje uopšte (nema dela, nema sankcija), kao novčano kažnjivo delo (poput blažih saobraćajnih prekršaja) ili potpuno nekažnjivo delo uz eventualnu obavezu registracije ili deklarisanja pred policijom. Čuveni primer je Holandski model i uopšte strategije koje uključuju harm reduction i razdvajanje kanabisa od drugih sintetičkih droga. Politika dekriminalizacije lagano postaje trend EU, smatra se znatno liberalnijom i socijalno orijentisanom zdravstvenom i razvojnom politikom. Akcenat je stavljen na pojedinca, njegovu odgovornost za posedovanje, eventualnu proizvodnju kanabisa za ličnu upotrebu. On snosi odgovornost za sve posledice, mora biti punoletan i krivično je odgovoran za sva druga dela. Opšti trend harm reduction programa je socijalno-ekološki pristup po kome se korisnici (posebno zavisnici) od legalnih i nelegalnih droga tretiraju kao osobe (i pogođene porodice i sredine) u stanju socijalne i lične potrebe kojima treba pomoć da je prevaziđu, a država na svaki način treba da pomogne da se smanji njihovo eventualno rizično ponašanje po sebe i okolinu. Efekti su smanjenje broja korisnika teških droga, sredstva za programe prevencije, smanjenja štete i socio-medicinske rehabilitacije.
Legalizacija – je relativno utopistička ideja da će država preuzeti odgovornost za proizvodnju kanabisa (kao što je slučaj sa kofeinom, nikotinom, sedativima) – uspostavljanjem sistema licenciranja, oporezivanja, lanca prodaje ... i time preoteti kanabis iz “sive zone” u legalne tokove. Ovo se smatra populističkim potezom koji političari olako obećavaju omladini, ali se još nije sprovela u delo (kod nas je obećava je MC Flex ako bude izabran u pesmi: “Politička” iz 1999.) Prednosti legalizacije su potpuna kontrola kvaliteta i prometa (korisnici znaju šta, kako i koliko kupuju), priliv sredstava u budžet i mogućnost potpune ekspoloatacije svih potencijala biljke kanabisa. Rizici su konkuretnost rekreativne upotrebe kanabisa alkoholu i duvanu – odnosno razvijenim industrijama i reklamnim kampanjama, rizici masovne upotrebe kanabisa i neophodnost specijalne regulative koja će onemogućiti maloletnicima pristup ali i konkurentnost industrijskih proizvoda kanabisa industriji zdrave hrane, pamuka – i čak “crnom zlatu” odnosno nafti u vidu biodizela – ekološkog goriva.
U svakom slučaju, očekuje nas liberalnija budućnost – Backward never!
52
IV-09: MARIHUANA PARTIJE
Veliki broj korisnika kanabisa tokom vremena se organizovao u različite formalne i neformalne pokrete. Jedan od najaktivnijih svakako je Američki NORML koji se bori za reformu zakona. Međutim, pravi primer uticajnog organizovanja su partije koje se jasno i nedvosmisleno zalažu za dekriminalizaciju ili legalizaciju kanabisa. Ove partije su generalno orijentisane na ekologiju, zdrave izvore hrane, jevtine i prirodne izvore energije i predstavljaju neku vrstu protivteže klasičnom i neoliberalnom eksploatatorskom konceptu nemilosrdnog tržišta industrijskih proizvoda.
Sledi opšti tekst sa sajta Wikeipedie, internet enciklopedije i materijal o jednoj Američkoj, Izraelskoj i Jamajčanskom partiji. Poslednja je nastala kao krajnja težnja Rastafarijanskog pokreta da posle više od pola veka relativne represije uzme odlučno mesto u Jamajčanskom društvu. Shodno sredini, Američka partija je orijentisana na zaštitu ljudskih prava kanabis korisnika žrtava “Rata protiv droge” dok je Izraelska partija relativno umerena i ekološki orijentisana.
Ni jedna od njih još uvek nije prisutna u parlamentu, ali redovno izlaze na izbore. Svaka od njih poseduje perspektivu zavisno od socijalnog okruženja u kome deluje – npr. USJMP ima potencijalno biračko telo od 12 miliona Amerikanaca. Širenjem sopstvenih programa i integracijom sa liberalnim partijama socijaldemokratskog tipa ili partijama manjina, može se očekivati promena značajna koliko je svojevremeno bila potpuna kriminalizacija kanabisa.
Marijuana Parties
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Marijuana Parties are formal political parties set up specifically to legalize cannabis. They exist in Canada (federally, and provincially in British Columbia and Ontario) and Israel at present. They have a generally libertarian character, with few other common positions. Some consider a Marijuana Party to be a sort of single-issue green party. Israeli Ale Yarok party participated in 2003 elections in Israel and was very close to pass to the parliament.
US MARIJUANA PARTY
Sa sajta USJMP
WHO IS THE USMJP?
The United States Marijuana Party is a motivated group of Americans who are tired of living in fear of their government because of marijuana prohibition. We are fed up with the intrusion into our personal lives, with urine testing at work and school, with armed home invasions, and with the possibility of prison because of a plant. We are Americans and we do not piss in a cup for anyone but our doctor! We feel it is time for the
53
12 million Americans who smoke marijuana on a regular basis to stop hiding their love for this plant and unite as one large body of voters to demand an end to the unconstitutional prohibition of marijuana and the drug war. The U.S. cannot lock up 12 million people. The War on Drugs causes more harm than the drugs themselves ever will. United, we are a potential 12 million vote political machine. We want to live free and we must be determined to stand up, be counted, demonstrate, rally, and write. Waiting for the government to silence us all in the American prison system is not an option. Too many of our brethren are there, in prisons right now. More Americans are in jail today for non-violent drug offenses than at any previous time in American history. More Americans are in jail today for marijuana offenses than at any previous moment in American history. The war against marijuana is a genocidal war waged against us by a government determined to eradicate our plant, our culture, our freedom and our political rights.
WHAT DOES THE USMJP DO?• The United States Marijuana Party is here to help citizens take control of our out-of-control government and to return the power to the people as it should be. • We are patriotic citizens who firmly believe in the Constitution and the Bill of Rights.• We organize Marijuana Parties in states across the U.S.• Right now 18 states have Marijuana Parties.• We are striving hard to have all 50 states represented by the end of 2003.• If you do not have a Marijuana Party in your state, START ONE NOW!• Our plan is to run candidates on the Marijuana
Party ticket in local, state, and national elections and to debate this issue whenever and wherever the opportunity arises.
HOW CAN YOU HELP THE USMJP?
The USMJP operates solely from donations made by concerned citizens and from volunteer work. You can help by making a donation, starting or supporting a Marijuana Party in your state, organizing rallies and protests, and writing letters to editors and your state representatives calling for an end to cannabis prohibition and the drug war. Another thing that anyone can do is simply to talk about the issue with friends, relatives and co-workers at every opportunity. The more we push this controversial topic into the spotlight to be discussed, the sooner the nightmare of prohibition will come to an end. Do your part. Please visit our website www.usmjparty.com for more detailed information on how to get involved.
Ale Yarok - Israel
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Ale Yarok (Green Leaf) is a political party in Israel. Its main goal is the legalization of marijuana and ecological issues. In the elections of January 28, 2003 it had 37,855 = 1.2% voices (qualifying threshold 47,226 = 1.5%), so it is not represented in the Israeli parliament.
See Also:
• Politics of Israel • Cannabis: Legal issues • Green Parties
54
• Marijuana Parties • Ha-Yarukim
External Links:
• http://www.ale-yarok.org.il • Israeli election results
IEWF Jamajkawww.eoj.com.jm/Scripts1/iewf.htm
The Imperial Ethiopian World Federation Inc. is an organisation with worldwide chapters representing the Ethio-Africans and the Nationals in the geographical locations within politics.
The International Headquarters is established in Jamaica and the International President is Bro. Ascento Foxe, who brought the Royal Charters to Jamaica in 1983 for the implementation of the renewed Charter that was modified from the Ethiopian World Federation Inc. (E.W.F. Inc.) to Imperial Ethiopian World Federation Incorporated (I.E.W.F. Inc.), with its ideological base known as "Modern Ethiopianism".
In the year 1992 the I.E.W.F. Inc. in its agitation for Rastafarian Fundamental Rights and Freedom, wrote to the Commission on Constitutional Reform, presenting five points for amendment to the Constitution of Jamaica. The organisation, along with other entities, was called to give oral testimony before the Joint Select Committee of Parliament on October 12, 1994. At this meeting the I.E.W.F. Inc identified itself as the emerging Third Party Force in Jamaica.
The Imperial Ethiopian World Federation Incorporated Political Party was officially launched on July 16, 1997. The I.E.W.F. Inc. first entered the Jamaican political arena in the 1997 General Election with five (5) candidates, who are:
Junior Anderson (1st Vice President) - Kingston CentralLeroy Lindsay (General Secretary - St. Andrew WesternDilpi Champagnie - St. Andrew North WesternTrevor Sharras - St. Catherine South EasternAaron Golding - Clarendon North Central
The I.E.W.F. Inc.'s main advocation at its genesis in local politics is to have representation for the Rastafarian community and the Grassroot people through the I.E.W.F. Inc. presence in the Jamaican Parliament, so as to ensure Rastafarian community within the Jamaican democracy.
55
56
PRILOZI IKanabis i naše društvo
PRILOG I-1: I TRAVA JE OPASNA 54PRILOG I-2: MARIHUANA NA SVAKOM ĆOŠKU
55PRILOG I-3: NADUVAN KO ZVER 57PRILOG I-4: GLAS JAVNOSTI PITA GSS
60PRILOG I-5: MARIHUANA – POJAVA ILI PROBLEM
61PRILOG I-6: M. MOŽE IZAZVATI MOŽDANI UDAR
62PRILOG I-7: MARIHUANA U VAJATU 63PRILOG I-8: ZAŠTO SU LJUDI NA KANABISU
I TRAVA JE OPASNA
Iz Odseka za suzbijanje narkomanije SUP Beograd.
Iako je narkomana u Beogradu sve vise, tacne ili bar priblizne podatke o njihovom broju niko ne zna.
- Oko 11.000 ljudi „obradjeno" je u policiji. To su lica kod kojih je nadjena droga ili su bili u kontaktu sa njom i prosta logika govori da su oni narkomani. Ipak, da bi se shvatilo pravo stanje tu brojku bi trebalo pomnoziti sa tri ili cetiri - kaze za „Blic" major policije Milan Kricak, sef Odseka za suzbijanje narkomanije SUP-a Beograd.
Prema njegovim rečima, u Beogradu je najvise marihuane, a porazavajuce je sto je sve vise medju ucenicima srednjih i visih razreda osnovnih skola. „Vreme je da razbijemo iluziju da je marihuana 'laka droga'", kaze Kricak i navodi nedavni primer kada je nastradao mladic star 19 godina. On je u drustvu mladjeg brata i njegovih prijatelja, koji su popusili nekoliko „dzointa", i sam odlucio da proba marihuanu. Ocigledno mu je to bilo prvi put i ubrzo mu je postalo lose, poceo je da se gusi i halucinira. Gosti su se uplasili i otisli, a mladic je poceo da trci po stanu pitajuci brata da li vidi „crvene tunele i crvena srca". Onda je rekao „'ajde zdravo, odoh ja" i skocio kroz prozor sa 11. sprata.
- Maruhuana nikako nije bezopasna. U ovom slucaju cetiri porodice su zavijene u crno. Porodica mladica koji je izvrsio samoubistvo, kao i familije ostalih koji su mu omogucili uzivanje droge, sto je krivicno delo - istice Kricak.
Od sintetickih droga „ekstazi" je na prvom mestu, a vezan je za rejv zurke. Za ovu drogu ni onaj ko je pravi ne zna tačno kako ce delovati.
- Korisnici „ekstazija" kazu da dize raspoloženje, ali je cinjenica da i samo jedna tableta moze da izazove smrt - napominje Kricak, navodeci primer da je u Beogradu jedan 17-godisnjak uzeo tabletu „ekstazija", poceo da halucinira i skocio sa petog sprata. Slicnih primera je bilo sirom Evrope.
Ipak, posle marihuane najzastupljenija droga je heroin. U Beogradu je najvise heroina iz Turske, prilikom cije se proizvodnje koriste specificne kiseline karakteristicne za to podneblje. Iako je turski „manje kvalitetan", nasi narkomani su „navikli" na njega.
- U heroinu koji se prodaje na ulici je, u 99 odsto slucajeva, samo oko 10 odsto pravog heroina, a ostalo su secer i druge supstance. Sto je duzi lanac preprodaje droge, smanjuje se procenat cistoce, a posto se i 90 odsto dilera drogira, oni najbolje ostavljaju sebi, a prodaju „miksovan" heroin. Korisnici heroina najcesce umiru usled predoziranja. To se desava kada narkoman promeni dilera i umesto heroina u kojem je bilo deset odsto droge, naidje na onaj u kojem je preko 30 odsto. Njegov organizam na to nije navikao i on umire - objasnjava Kricak, uz napomenu da su narkomani ujedno i pocinioci velikog broja krivicnih dela, a nisu retki slucajevi da su u stanju i da ubiju kako bi dosli do novca za drogu.
Sef Odseka za suzbijanje narkomanije tvrdi da je kljuc borbe protiv ovog zla u prevenciji.
- To je opaka bolest i zahteva angazovanje svih - ministarstava za omladinu i sport, obrazovanje, zdravlje, policije, kao i Crkve i pojedinaca, i niko ne sme da zataji. Sve napore bi trebalo objediniti i naciniti program po iskustvima drugih - naglasava Kricak, objasnjavajuci da bi ciljna grupa za upoznavanje sa zlom koje donosi droga trebalo da budu deca od 13 do 15 godina. Posebno je vazno da roditelji o tome razgovaraju sa svojom decom. Nas sagovornik uverava da mladi jos ne znaju sta je narkomanija, pa je zato olako dozivljavaju. S druge strane, kaze, ukoliko se ogluse na sva upozorenja, drustvo nije krivo ako pocnu da koriste drogu.
- Roditelji cesto kriju bolest svoje dece kako ne bi bili odbaceni od okoline, sto je pogresno i zavrsava se tragicno. Cim primete da s njihovom decom nesto nije u redu, moraju da reaguju i traze pomoc. Ukoliko to na vreme ne ucine, kasnije nece biti u prilici da isprave gresku - kaze Milan Kricak.
57
Politika, 27. VI 2002.
PUTEVI I STRANPUTICE DROGE (1)
Marihuana na svakom ćošku Uprkos naporima Komisije za suzbijanje bolesti zavisnosti "trava" se "duva" gotovo na svakom ćošku svakog srpskog grada i varošice
Juče, 26. juna obeležen je međunarodni Dan borbe protiv narkomanije što je propraćeno nizom edukativno-reklamnih kampanja s ciljem da se spreči ili bar ublaži ova pošast nove ere. Naša zemlja, kroz koju prolazi jedna od magistrala na ilegalnom putu droge, prvi put se zvanično pridružila sveopštim naporima zdravog dela čovečanstva da se đavolu stane na rep. Ako taj rep već nije odviše dug. Proteže se od Himalaja do Havaja, popreko i uzduž svih meridijana, a obuhvata milione proizvođača, prenosilaca, većih i manjih prodavaca i preprodavaca i stotine miliona potrošača. Kod nas se bolest narkomanije lako zapatila, baš kao što je to bio slučaj sa upotrebom alkohola i duvana. Mlađi stradaju najviše, pa je njima i upućena poruka, oni će je najbolje razumeti "Fora je biti strejt". To bi u prevodu značilo - valja biti ispravan, normalan, u skladu s društvenim normama. Onaj ko je "strejt" ne puši, ne pije, ne drogira se, ne baza noću po sumnjivim lokalima, ne spava danju - nego uči i radi, bavi se sportom i ide u pozorište, sve u svemu - "fora" (sredstvo, način, trik) jeste biti zdrav i prav. A ko je kriv? Ko je deci doturio heroin pod nos i ko ih je uopšte doveo u situaciju da budu zavisni od bilo kakve droge?
Marihuana
U izvrsnom Rečniku savremenog beogradskog žargona (Borivoj i Nataša Gerzić), korišćenom za ovu priliku, najviše pojmova i izraza odnosi se na marihuanu, ne slučajno. To je najlakše dostupna i najrasprostranjenija zabranjena biljka koja se uzgaja, suši i puši širom zemlje Srbije, baš kao u bogatijim zemljama (iz kojih je "moda" stigla) ili narodima i plemenima kod kojih je to drevna tradicija. I nije li naš čovek iz Novog Sada, dva puta zaredom, osvajao medalje za kvalitet na Sajmu kanabisa u Amsterdamu? Borci za dekriminalizaciju i legalizaciju marihuane navešće i to kao opravdanje i mogućnost da imamo robnu marku, ali je ona zabranjena. Trava "vojvođanka" ili "šumadinka", umesto aktuelne "albanke", koju bije zao glas da je poprskana otrovom i da izaziva mučninu, glavobolju i paranoju.
Marihuana (trava, duvka, duvanje, gandža, gandžeza, gras, genja, domaćica, džidža, điđa) jeste droga već i po definiciji Svetske zdravstvene organizacije, 1969: "To je svaka supstanca koja unesena u organizam može da modifikuje jednu ili više funkcija. Prirodna ili sintetička sredstva koje deluju na nervni sistem i dovode do psiholoških promena. Dugotrajnim uzimanjem izazivaju bolesti zavisnosti. Neka sredstva su u slobodnoj prodaji, poput alkohola, duvana i pojedinih lekova. Po novijoj klasifikaciji psihoaktivne supstance dele se na: opijate (heroin, morfin, metadon), depresore (barbiturati), stimulanse (amfetamini, kokain), halucinogene (LSD, PCP, MDMA), kanaboide (marihuana i hašiš) i inhalante (aceton, lepkovi, benzin...)".
Ko je zavisnik
Kanaboidi su psihoaktivne supstance dobijene od biljke Canabissativa (indijska konoplja). Psihoaktivna sredstva poseduju aktivni sastojak lišća i cveta ove biljke - tetrahidrokanabinol ili THC. Marihuana je droga koja se dobija sušenjem lista i cveta indijske konoplje. Koristi se pušenjem smotane cigare ("džoint", "sprava", "džokavac", "stik", "rifer"). Male doze obično stvaraju razdraženost i pojačan osećaj ugodnosti, a često i stanje relaksiranosti. Simptomi su i promene čulne percepcije i jak osećaj gladi. Jake doze mogu prouzrokovati psihotične vizije, pa i akutno trovanje i toksične psihoze. Marihuna je najrasprostranjenija ilegalna droga u svetu. Hašiš je smola koja se odvaja od cvetova i plodova kanabisa i sadrži sedam puta više THC-a nego marihuana. Kanaboidi ne prouzrokuju stvaranje zavisnosti, ali je dokazano da redovna upotreba dovodi do psihičke zavisnosti. Prekomerna i dugotrajna upotreba može pušača trave odvesti u psihoze nadomak ludila ili usred ludila.
Mogu li ljudi postati zavisni od "trave"? Tim američkih naučnika odgovara: da! Ali svi koji upotrebljavaju marihuanu ne postaju zavisnici. Zavisnost se razvija kada korisnik ima potrebu za drogom kako bi se osećao bolje, kada je nervozan ako je ne uzme (ako ne "dune", popuši bar "džokavac" dnevno),
58
kada su mu potrebne sve veće količine da bi ostvario željeno stanje (izvesni pušači namerno pauziraju sedam do 10 dana, posle čega je dejstvo već prvog dima mnogo žešće) i kada mora da je nabavi bez obzira na posledice.
Legalne i nelegalne
Koliko mladih ljudi u našoj zemlji dobro zna sve ove simptome? Nebrojeno mnogo. "Đura Medić vari hedić" poruka je nimalo razumljiva za neupućene, a za one koji to ne znaju u prevodu glasi da dotični gospodin puši marihuanu. Tačnije - najbolji deo marihuane (hed - cvet marihuane, isto - dićhe, cvetić) glava, dakle vrh biljke koja sadrži varljivo moćni THC. Šta je to THC? To je tetrahidrokanabinol, opojna supstanca koja aktivira takozvane "hormone sreće" - dopamin, kao i serotonin.
Marihuana se "duva" ("vari", puši) gotovo na svakom ćošku svakog srpskog grada i varošice, uprkos naporima Komisije za prevenciju bolesti zavisnosti među omladinom. Akcijom "Policajac u školi" pohvatani su sitni dileri, ali trave ima toliko da maltene svako ko ima želju da "duva" može da nađe "domaćicu" ili "albanku", teže nego hašiš ("šit", "tiš", "crno"), smolu od indijske konoplje, koja se sasušena i izmrvljena puši s duvanom. Nije više tajna da su mnoge njivice, bašte i balkoni, terase i staklenici puni zasada ove biljke koja i na Internetu već zauzima više prostora od fudbala.
Prema istraživanju javnog mnjenja koje je početkom januara sproveo Marten bord internešenel - 83 odsto građana slaže se sa uvođenjem testa na drogu u školama Srbije, dok se samo 13 odsto građana protivi toj ideji. Snežana Alčaz iz Zavoda za lečenje bolesti zavisnosti deli droge na legalne - koje država kontroliše, a to su: duvan, alkohol, tablete i inhalansi - bronza i lepak, i ilegalne - marihuana, opijumski nusprodukti, sintetičke droge... Najčešća klasifikacija droge vrši se prema kliničkim efektima. To su depresori centralnog nervnog sistema (opijum, heroin, alkohol, sedativi), stimulativi (kokain, amfetamini) i halucinogene droge (LSD; meskalin, psilocibin).
Zanimljiv pokušaj
59
Šezdesetih godina prošlog veka svetom je počela da se širi nova "epidemija" uživanja (pušenja) biljke kanabis-sativa, s prihvaćenim južnoameričkim nazivom marihuana. Tada je u Beograd stigao prvo hašiš, smola marihuane, a kasnije i marihuana s raznih strana sveta, sve dok naši nisu počeli da biljku gaje po poljima, terasama i stanovima, uz odgovarajuću temperaturu i svetlost.
Jedan od "pionira" gradskih "duvača" pamti: "Krajem sedamdesetih jedan drugar je doneo iz Holandije pun boks ,žitana’, samo što je umesto duvana bila upakovana najbolja kolumbijska zlatna ,trava’. U nekim gradskim krugovima zavladala je moda duvanja i na tu foru si najbolje mogao da mazneš ribu. Samo im pomeneš, duvku’.
Upotreba marihuane je postala masovna početkom devedesetih godina kada se pojavljivala odasvud i ne po velikim cenama. U doba najveće inflacije, međutim, gram trave koštao je i do pet maraka, dok se danas može naći i za pola evra. Čudno je to da se na tržištu, neposredno pre bombardovanja pojavila trava ,albanka’, nesvakidašnjeg mirisa, za koju se pričalo da je treba izbegavati jer je poprskana otrovnim sastojcima i izaziva mučninu i glavobolju, a dužom upotrebom možda i neko teže trovanje..".
Da li je varljiva moć biljke kanabis došla sa Zapada ili sa Istoka? Pitanje manje važno s obzirom na to da se na ovom tlu toliko "primila" da se i država danas uključuje u kampanju protiv droge za mlade, naročito.
Pokojni Stevan Pešić, pisac i putnik, zabeležio je šta se radi na Istoku u kultnoj knjizi "Katmandu" ("Prosveta" 1982): "Na susednom hramu, na najvišoj terasi, danju i noću sede trojica hipika i jedan pas. Toliko puše hašiš da njegovim mirisom snabdevaju pola trga. Psa nisam video da puši, ali ga nisam video ni izvan te grupe..".
Žarko Mihailović, član Komisije za prevenciju bolesti zavisnosti među omladinom, kaže: "Rezultate testova će znati samo zdravstveni radnici koji su analizirali rezultate i roditelji koji će o tome biti obavešteni. Postoje testovi za marihuanu, ekstazi, antidepresive, trodon. Pouzdanost - 99 odsto".
Zanimljiv pokušaj. Deca bar neće dolaziti naduvana na časove ili bežati s njih u obližnji park na, samo naizgled, tajno druženje jer osoben miris dima sasušene konoplje neupućenom više liči na miris tamjana nego na miris holandskog duvana za pušenje. Poznavalac prilika kaže da će onaj ko želi da "duva" to učiniti bez obzira na povremeni nedostatak robe na tržištu, jer domaća radinost i preduzimljivost već su uzeli maha. Pa neće valjda policija pretraživati svaki kutak zbog nekakve travuljine od koje se vrti u glavi i koja izaziva halucinacije, prelaze iz razdražene veselosti u obamrlu nevoljnost. Lekari tvrde da "trava" u kombinaciji sa alkoholom može izazvati ili žestoka agresivna stanja (naročito opasna u vožnji automobila) ili potpuni nervni slom, ili ako se obilato, neumereno i dugo puši može izazvati i oboljenja disajnih puteva, baš kao i duvan. Kušali su je mnogi američki i zapadnoevropski političari, muzičari i umetnici svake vrste, ne samo od hipi ere šezdesetih, nego i mnogo ranije, kada su počeli da se prožimaju zapadna, istočna (azijska) i južnoamerička kultura.
Milorad Ćirilović
PUTEVI I STRANPUTICE DROGE (2)
Naduvan k’o zver Većina heroinskih zavisnika svoj narkomanski put je počela s marihuanom
Doturanje "džointa"
60
U vreme "hipi pokreta" Teodor Rošak je napisao: "Stereotip hipika je otpadnički i sebi okrenut pojedinac, utopljen u narkotičko ludilo ili izgubljen u ekstatičkoj kontemplaciji... a šta doista leži iza ovih popularnih predstava, ako ne stvarno, premda ponekad ludo, ponekad beznadno neadekvatno traganje za vlastitom istinom..".
Sada i ovde
U svetu se šire pokreti "za" i "protiv" marihuane. Tako američki doktor Čarls Traft zapaža: "Čula se profinjuju, pa čovek bolje razume reči neke pesme, a njene tonove percipira detaljnije. Ponekad dolazi do povećanog apetita zbog izoštravanja čula ukusa. Menja se i percepcija vremena. Ono prolazi sporije, pa čovek oseća "sada" i "ovde" mnogo intenzivnije. Osećaj dodira poprima druga svojstva i menja se kvalitet orgazma. Nastupa osećaj opuštenosti i razumevanja za druge osobe koji se ogleda i u povećanom smislu za humor. Drogirani nije bučan kao osobe pod uticajem alkohola, ali se ne može usredsrediti na intelektualne zadatke koji zahtevaju okretanje prema spoljašnjem svetu. Svoje obaveze zanemaruje i odlaže i pokazuje znake neodgovornosti. Pažnja mu beži i otežano čita. Oseća se dobro i nezainteresovan je za probleme koji zahtevaju bilo kakav napor. Ne pokazuje interes za kontrolu nad situacijom, već se s dečjom naivnošću prepušta procesu okretanja prema unutra, pri čemu ima osećaj da počinje bolje upoznavati vlastitu ličnost. Sklon je mistici, magiji, religiji. Nema problema sa spavanjem, a olako izbegavanje obaveza jedan je od razloga zašto se ova droga smatra društveno štetnom.
Grupa švedskih lekara je ustanovila vezu između uzimanja marihuane i teških psihičkih poremećaja: "Od 50 osoba koje su konzumirale meksičku konoplju njih 14 obolelo je od psihoze. Od 201 uživaoca koji su marihuanu mešali sa drugim drogama psihoza je zabeležena kod 29 osoba, od 36 koji su usput uzimali i alkohol psihoza se javila kod njih desetoro..".
Naučnici su dokazali da "trava" može izazvati i "bed trip" (loše putovanje, doživljaj). "Zvuci postaju razvučeni i nejasni, svet nezanimljiv i besmislen. Okruženje neprijateljskim silama ukazuje na paranoju. Pušač se oseća ugroženim, a neretko počinje osećati energetske centre u telu, poznate kao čakre u indijskoj joga tradiciji. Nejasan osećaj magijskih sila na delu. Drogiran čovek liči na robota koji zaboravlja čitave periode, briše ih iz svesti. To se zove - ’naduvan k’o zver’. Osećaj mučnine i neugodne tromosti. Ruke počinju da drhte, a može se imati i osećaj neprijateljstva, čak i agresije. Psihoza može biti izazvana kanabisom..".
U izveštaju Evropske unije stoji: "U zemljama članicama promet ostvaren od prodaje ’trave’ godišnje iznosi oko 7,5 milijardi dolara..". Zagovornici ističu njenu blagost u delovanju na organizam, oni koji su za njenu zabranu (postoje pokreti za i protiv legalizacije) podsećaju da može biti opasna kao "beba koja nas odvodi vukovima". Prilikom jedne velike racije u zemljama članicama Evropske unije zaplenjeno je 2.200 tona marihuane, ali se na tržištu nije osetio manjak robe.
Trgovina "travom"
Teodor Rošak ("Kontrakultura", Naprijed, Zagreb, 1978) pita: "Šta bi se dogodilo kada bi propagatori psihodelika mogli da rade slobodno i tako američko društvo legalno priveli drogama? Nesumnjivo bi trgovinu marihuane smesta preuzela najveća duvanska kompanija što bi predstavljalo nesumnjiv napredak u odnosu na to da ostane u rukama mafije. Ne bi bilo čudo da sve bedževe na kojima pišu ’legalizujete marihuanu’ rastura američka duvanska industrija: taj bi posao vredeo milijarde dolara...
Zagrebački publicista D. Plećko smatra da "nije tačno da bi legalizacija kanabisa najviše pogodila upravo one koji ga proizvode i prodaju na crnom tržištu. Prema toj tezi, svaki bi promet ovom drogom vrlo verovatno postao monopol države, koja bi ujedno kontrolisala kvalitet, pa bi razrađena podzemna mreža botaničara amatera, koja bere godišnje milijarde dolara, ubrzo usahnula..".. Hteo je da kaže kako bi većina onih koji to rade ilegalno radila to i ubuduće.
Američki sudija Frensis J. Jang je posle istraživanja DEA (Drug Enforcement AgencÚ) 1988. objavio nalaz koji je protresao ne samo američku javnost i pokrenuo pitanje zdravstveno korisnog efekta upotrebe marihuane: "Gotovo svi lekovi imaju toksično, potencijalno smrtonosno delovanje, ali marihuana ne spada u takve supstance. Marihuana je u svom prirodnom obliku jedna od najneopasnijih aktivnih supstanci poznatih čoveku. Mereno racionalnom analizom, marihuana se može pod stručnim nadzorom koristiti u medicinske svrhe.."..
61
Krenuo je talas pokušaja da se marihuana legalizuje, odnosno dekriminalizuje što je u nekim zemljama (Holandija) delimično i uspelo. Pitanje je samo šta je to kontrolisana upotreba i kako je sprovesti...
Većina lekara smatra da je podela droga na "lake" i "teške" neumesna, jer od korisne upotrebe do pogubne zloupotrebe uživaoca deli samo korak. Statistički je nepobitno dokazano da je većina heroinskih zavisnika svoj narkomanski put počela baš s marihuanom.
Otežano pamćenje
Kako marihuana dejstvuje na mozak? "THC (tetrahidrokanabinol) utiče na živčane stanice, senzore, u onom delu mozga gde se formira pamćenje. Zbog toga je korisniku otežano pamćenje nedavnih događaja što otežava učenje. Neki ljudi koji su sramežljivi u socijalnim situacijama okreću se marihuani da bi se opustili, ali na kraju samo naprave budalu od sebe i nešto zbog čega kasnije mogu samo da zažale. Među efektima kanabinola otkrivenim uz pomoć eksperimenata na životinjama, nalaze se - otklanjanje bolova, slabljenje memorije i kontrole pokreta, smanjenje telesne temperature i aktivnost creva. Izgleda da je jedna od glavnih funkcija THC i endogenih kanabinoida regulisanje hemijskih supstanci koje nervne ćelije oslobađaju u mozgu, pa samim tim i određivanje nervne aktivnosti.."..
Svake godine, u SAD oko 100.000 ljudi pokušava da pronađe način kako da se odvikne od upotrebe marihuane i priznaje da se sami ne mogu odviknuti. (Koliko ih ima koji neće da se odvikavaju?) U priručniku za hrvatsku omladinu piše, između ostalog - "Budi informisan. Marihuana smanjuje broj spermatozoida kod muškaraca i povećava rizik neplodnosti kod žena..".. Neki uživaoci, naprotiv, spominju da "trava" opušta i izaziva seksualnu želju, što, opet, povećava rizik od AIDS-a.
Zagovornici kanabisa iznose listu oboljenja za koje je ova droga potencijalni lek: melanholija, histerija, migrena, delirijum tremens, neuralgije, nesanice, noćne more. Multipleks skleroza: neki pacijenti pominjali su da im je marihuana pomogla čak toliko da su mogli sami da ustanu iz kolica.
Dugogodišnji korisnik i zavisnik od marihuane iz Beograda kaže da bez "trave" ne može nijedan dan. Ako je nema, oseća se veoma loše, depresivno i izgubljeno. Smatra da bi klincima trebalo zabraniti da "duvaju" do tridesete godine. A tada, kako ko hoće...
Milorad Ćirilović
62
Ponedeljak,19. avgust 2002
GLAS pita
Da li GSS, prema najavi svog visokog funkcionera, pokrece inicijativu za legalizaciju lakih droga?
Daleko od prioriteta
Stranka nece, "odmah posle predsednickih izbora", da otpocne kampanju za "prikljucivanje razvijenom i razumnom svetu"
Gradanski savez Srbije ipak nece biti inicijator legalizacije lakih droga, kako je to moglo da se zakljuci iz javnih nastupa Jovana Gvera, predsednika Pokrajinskog odbora ove stranke za Vojvodinu. Uprkos cvrstom stavu prema toj inicijativi, koji je Gvero iskazao u intervjuu u listu "Bulevar", stranka odbija svaku pomisao da se sada time bavi.
A prvo covek GSS za Vojvodinu je tada, u vreme Egzita, rekao da je marihuanu potrebno legalizovati:"Kod nas je još uvek pogrešno tumacena, pa se stavlja u razinu sa svim ostalim teškim drogama. Legalizacija i uvodenje reda izbacila bi adute i ostavila bez zarade mnoge kriminalce i korumpirane policajce. A njihova zarada je jedini razlog što se marihuana ne legalizuje. Poznato je da se marihuana negde koristi za ublažavanje bolova. Ukoliko bi se odredena kolicina marihuane mogla legalno kupiti, ako bi bila standardizovana, onda bi dobila normalni tok, kojim bi se mogli zaštititi maloletnici", rekao je Gvero za "Bulevar".
U medijima se tim povodom podigla prilicna prašina, a Gvero je objašnjavao da je njegova izjava "odraz sagledavanja i uvažavanja realnosti"."Smatram da bi se legalizacijom lakih droga doprinelo borbi protiv narkomanije, jer bi olakšan pristup lakim drogama doveo do smanjenja upotrebe sintetickih. Porez koji bi se prikupio oporezovanjem marihuane u slucaju legalizacije takode bi se mogao iskoristiti za prevenciju narkomanije", rekao je Gvero za NIN, i još je dodao: "Mi želimo da se prikljucimo razvijenom i razumnom svetu. Marihuana je vec legalizovana u Holandiji, Velikoj Britaniji i nekim pokrajinama Nemacke, a internet je prepun tekstova o korisnim dejstvima marihuane koja su bila poznata još u starom Egiptu. Kad produ predsednicki izbori, pokrenucu kampanju za legalizaciju lakih droga, jer moje stavove podržava i predsednik GSS Goran Svilanovic."
Medutim, kako "Glas" saznaje iz vrha GSS-a, Gverov stav nije i zvanicni stav stranke, niti se ona tim pitanjem uopšte bavila. Predsednika Svilanovica nije bilo mogucno konsultovati jer je bio na putu.
63
- Prica o legalizaciji lakih droga veoma je daleko od prioriteta kojima se bavimo u ovom trenutku - bio je kratak i jasan Ivan Andric, portparol GSS-a.S druge strane, Gvero u razgovoru za "Glas" tvrdi da su mediji prilicno "naduvali" celu stvar i da se on, zapravo nije zalagao da se pokrene inicijativa za legalizaciju marihuane, vec za bolje zakonsko regulisanje ove oblasti.
- U skladu sa tim je i cinjenica da je Vrhovni sud Srbije razmatrao predlog da se pooštre kazne za trgovinu narkoticima. Smatram da treba ustanoviti limit za posedovanje lakih droga i da ništa ispod toga ne bude tretirano kao krivicno delo. Pre dva meseca takav zakon donet je u Bugarskoj, a slicna stvar priprema se i u Rusiji - objašnjava Gvero i podseca da je marihuana vec legalizovana u zemljama koje smo pomenuli.
J. MITIĆ
64
MARIHUANA – POJAVA ILI PROBLEM
Izvor: LBGT sajt www.queeria.org.yu sekcija: zanimljivosti
Piše: Srđan
Verujem da smo svi svesni rasprostranjenosti marihuane u našem društvu. Po nekim (optimističkim?) procenama marihuanu je probalo 80% mladih, što znači da to više ne bi smelo da bude tabu tema, koja je do sada u medijima pominjana samo u izrazito negativnom kontekstu (recimo, jedan policijski general je prošle godine na konferenciji za štampu izneo podatak o tome kako 50% ljudi koji probaju marihuanu kasnije pređu na teže droge) već smatram da bi toj temi trebalo pristupiti sa nekim racionalnim osnovama.
Marihuana, iliti indijska konoplja, iliti Cannabis Sativa, je biljka koja se odavno nalazi na našim prostorima. Posle prvog buma u vreme "dece cveća" marihuana je ostala, jedno vreme je "tinjala" a onda je doživela drugi bum u devedesetim godinama. Nisu retki ljudi koji su pokušavali da je sami uzgajaju, ali sem dobre volje mora se imati i još mnogo toga: lepo zabačeno mestašce gde je niko neće pronaći, dobro, kvalitetno seme, ponekad malo veštačkog đubriva... To je razlog što njeno uzgajanje nije uzelo velikog maha na ovim prostorima što je značilo da je morala biti doturana sa strane da bi zadovoljila potrebe ovdašnjeg veoma velikog tržišta. Rešenje je nađeno u Albaniji, koja je država prosto savršena za uzgajanje jednog tako unosnog proizvoda kao što je marihuana. I, to je krenulo. Takozvana "Albanka" je prepravila naše tržište, pogotovo one delove tržišta koji su daleko od nekog potencijalno prirodnog uzgajališta. Tu sada leži srž problema kojeg se dotiče naslov. Da li je to obična pojava koja je samo uzela maha ili je to ipak društveni problem?
Da li je marihuana kao marihuana štetna ili nije, teško da ćemo razrešiti na ovaj način. Oko toga se već decenijama spore najveći naučnici koji su proučavali njeno dejstvo, i dok jedni tvrde da je izuzetno štetna, drugi pak tvrde da uopšte ne škodi organizmu. Jedino što je sigurno je to da marihuana ima lekovito dejstvo u određenim indikacijama. Deluje protiv bolova, protiv povraćanja, smanjuje pritisak unutar oka... No, ona deluje i na svest, i baš zato je i toliko popularna. Moje lično mišljenje je da marihuana spada u istu kategoriju kao i alkohol i cigarete, i da treba ići ka tome da se ove stvari izjednače. Ali, nije to ono na šta cilja ovaj tekst. Ono što, po mom mišljenju, pojavu konzumiranja marihuane pretvara u problem je baš gorepomenuta "Albanka". Uzgajana u Albaniji, švercovana kroz Crnu Goru i Srbiju, pa i Beograd, ona promeni par "ruku" dok ne dodje do krajnjeg odredišta. U međuvremenu, pitanje je šta joj se sve dešava. Krećući se u tim krugovima (marihuana dilera), mogu se čuti raznorazne stvari. Još na početku, da bi pojačali dejstvo, u biljke bivaju ubrizgavani raznorazni lekovi, trodoni, metadoni, bensendini... Takođe, može se naći i "specijalka" koja je nešto skuplja, a koju dileri čuvaju za "posebne" mušterije jer je "ubica" a koja je u stvari u procesu "uzgajanja" prskana heroinom. Da li je to onda ista ona biljka oko koje se još uvek lome koplja da li je štetna ili ne? Naravno da nije. Beograd, kao dvomilionski grad, za razliku od drugih, manjih gradova, iz razloga nemanja svoje teritorije pogodne za uzgajanje "Domaćice" je bukvalno preplavljen "Albankom". Verujem da dileme iz naslova više nema i da je pitanje marihuane jedan veliki problem čijem rešavanju treba pristupiti ipak malo razložnije nego što je to bilo do sada.
Zato, prst na čelo, i ideje na sunce!
65
Sekcija: Medicinski tekstovi, radovi, novosti
Marihuana moze izazvati akutni "mozdani udar"
Upotreba marihuane izazvala je akutni infarkt krvnih sudova centralnog nervnog sistema (CNS) kod tri tinejdzera, izazvavsi smrt kod dvojice. Povodom ovih dogadjaja porasla je bojazan da upotreba ove lake droge moze povecati rizik od "mozdanog udara" u pomenutoj populaciji. Ovo su izjavili istrazivaci sa Sent Luis Univerziteta, u SAD (St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri), i objavili na godisnjem skupu pedijatrijske patologije u Atlanti, Dzordzija.
Dr David s. Brinks i saradnici su predstavili detalje slucajeva trojice prethodno zdravih mladica od 15 do 17 godina starih, ciji su prvi simptomi bili glavobolja, ataksija (nekoordinisani pokreti), i letargija (usporenost, uspavanost). Sva trojica su postala komatozna, a dvojica su umrla posle nedelju dana.
"Nijedan nije imao hiperkoagulopatiju ili druge faktore rizika za napad. Takodje, svi su bili negativni na testovima za ostale droge" napominju istrazivaci.
Dr Brinks predpostavlja da su moguca dva mehanizma nastanka ovakvih napada: jedan je posledica hipotenzije (niskog krvnog pritiska) - jedinstvene endotelne reakcije, a drugi je toksican efekat nekih sastojaka marihuane. Doktor je, takodje, naglasio da bi upotreba marihuane, u ovim slucajevima mogla biti koincidencija, zbog malog broja slucajeva.
Ono sto nas navodi da ispitamo povezanost ovih cinjenica je to da su "mozdani napadi", a posebno cerebelarni infarkti (strada mali mozak) izuzetno retki", objasnjava Dr Brinks. "Oni se skoro nikad ne javljaju. Stoga kad imate tri slucaja za cetiri ili pet godina, i sva trojica su zdravi mladici koji su pusili "travu", pocinjete da se pitate."
Prema dosadasnjim istrazivanjima, dokazano je da marihuana izaziva sistemsku hipotenziju, slabi periferne vazomotorne reflekse, i moze umanjiti dotok krvi u mozak.
"Ipak, marihuana ne predstavlja opasnu drogu za ogromnu vecinu ljudi," kaze Dr Brinks. "Kao doktoru, na vama je da odlucite da li je ova droga stetna po zdravlje, ili ne; ipak, nekolicina ljudi je umrla."
Iako Dr Brinks savetuje protiv upotrebe droge, takodje kaze da "mnogi ljudi koriste marihuanu bez ikakvog stetnog efekta po zdravlje".
[Aleksandar Zivkovic]
66
13.09.2003. REPORTAŽE
U Bosuti kod Aranđelovca još nije zaboravljeno lečenje travama
Marihuana u vajatu
U šumadijskom selu Bosuta kod Aranđelovca dobro znaju šta sve mogu lekovite trave, kojih u ovom kraju ima u izoblju. Lečenje travama i spravljanje melema od njih čuva se kao najveća tajna. Jedni tajnu čuvaju da bi se izlečili, a drugi da bi naškodili komšijama...
- Prvi doseljenici iz Hercegovine i Bokokotorskog zaliva, doneli su sa sobom i travarska znanja. Najviše su koristili rutu travu, koja je dobra za lečenje žutice. Žutica je tada odnosila puno naroda iz ovih krajeva - priča Miloš Gavrilović iz Bosute i naglašava da ruta trava podstiče lučenje svih žlezda, a jetra je jedna od njih.
I danas se u narodu tom travom čisti organizam i leče lakši oblici steriliteta. Za spravljanje leka Miloš koristi po 400 grama osušene ruse trave, kantariona, kamilice i nane. U kazanu gde topi mast, prelije to sa deset litara vrele vode, sačeka osam sati i preporučuje da se pije po jedna čaša nezaslađenog čaja pre jela. Kad pije tu vodu od rute trave čovek ima više pljuvačke u ustima, objašnjava naš domaćin Miloš Gavrilović.
U Šumadiji su se nekada koristili i pojedini narkotici za lečenje. Tu tajnu su, veruje Gavrilović, doneli Turci i njihovi hećimi. Pre svih, korišćena je marihuana, indijska konoplja. Koristio se list kanabis indike, sorte koja i nije neka efikasna droga.
- Najbolja je kad sa nje počnu da padaju mrtvi insekti i pčele - objašnjava sagovornik „Blica“. - Marihuana je davana kad nekog zaboli uvo. Bolesnom se prvo čitala neka bajalica, onda bi se usijao vatralj, a čovek, koji dugo nije spavao zbog bolova, posle udisanja dima kanabis indike sa vatralja odmah bi zaspao.
Tako je bilo nekada, a danas i savremena medicina preporučuje da se bolesno uvo greje. Koristile su se, veli Miloš Gavrilović, i jače droge. Pre svih, smola od marihuane poznate kao „kristalni džiong“. Ta „jača droga“ korišćena je za lečenje ljubavnih jada, da bi neko bio pridobijen ili osvojen zauvek.
- To je bio lek za supružnike među kojima postoji velika razlika u godinama - dodaje. - U staro vreme ljudi su rano umirali, pa su se i ženili vrlo mladi. Čim neko stasa za ženidbu, dovedu mu devojku, ne gledaju se godine. Za mladu je obično birana starija devojka od dvadesetak godina, koja zna da radi.
U Šumadiji je sačuvana i tajna spravljanja odličnog likera od suvih šljiva, ljute rakije i smole konoplje.
- Bude baš jako - smeje se Miloš. - Zna da drži celu noć. Ujutro, kad pitaju mladu kako je bilo, ona kaže, ma, mogao je da bude i bolji. Pravo piće za stimulaciju. Dešavalo se i da liker dohvate starci, da vide šta to deca piju u vajatu, pa se onda u isto vreme porode i snaha i svekrva.
Tajne lekovitih trava u Šumadiji neki ljudi koriste i u nedozvoljene svrhe. Gavrilović veli da ima trava koje mogu dovesti do potpunog ludila, jer se od njih dobijaju jaki otrovi. U Kraljevini Jugoslaviji su, dodaje, streljani travari kojima je dokazan zločin. Poslednji slučaj, koji nije dokazan, zbio se pre 30-40 godina. Sumnja se da je čovek umro od atropinskog ludila posle uzimanja „leka“.
- Mladi danas koriste drogu da bi bili stariji, a stariji da bi se osećali mlađim - zaključuje Gavrilović. - Sve se promenilo naopako. Ljudi koji prekomerno koriste drogu kasnije imaju problema sa bubrezima. Zato se i u narodu često kaže za onoga ko rasprodaje imanje i razbacuje se, da vodi sladak život. Samo, razlika između mene i dilera droge je to što ja želim da imam što više ovaca da bi pasle travu, a oni da imaju što više ovaca da bi im prodavali tu svoju travu.
67
Miodrag Petrović
68
Izvor: www.tao.ca/~kontrapunkt/k-naslovi.html
11. februar 2003. B92 Kažiprst
Zašto su ljudi na marihuani kriminalci, a na alkoholu nisu?Ivana Stevanović
U svetu jačaju pokreti za legalizaciju marihuane. Mnoge evropske zemlje već su uvele blage zakone kada je reč o marihuani. U Kanadi je legalizovana njena upotreba u medicinske svrhe. Portugalija je, kao eksperimentalni program borbe protiv narkomanije, uvela potpunu dekriminalizaciju svih droga. U Srbiji je, međutim, marihuana bauk. Programe testiranja dece u školama na THC smenjuju projekti o, recimo, “Paktu za Jagodinu bez droge”. U isto vreme, maloletnike u Srbiji niko ne sprečava da kupuju alkohol.
Deca u Srbiji piju:
"To je ustaljeno, to je još u osnovnoj školi je bilo normalno. Meni je rekord 12 piva, ali popijem u proseku 7-8", kaze ucenik prvog razreda jedne beogradske srednje skole. "Ja se tako osećam lepše. Ako odem trezan na neku žurku smorim se. Nemam šta da radim, sve što uradim glupo mi je", dodaje njegov drug. Na pitanje da li poznaje nekog ko je "strejt", odgovara: "Vrlo malo njih".
Deca u Srbiji koriste i lake droge:
"Bolje vutra, nego alkohol, zato što si sa vutrom svesniji i prisebniji, a sa alkoholom ne znaš šta radiš. Ja prvo ne bih davala deci koja nemaju lične karte da kupuju alkohol. Kupuju nekakve šitove po prodavnicama, pa posle idu na ispiranje želuca. A travu bih legalizovala. Nije to droga, to je ono… Bob Marli je bio mirotvorac, ali je duvao i bio je super. Kod alkohola ti treba uvek više i više, na kraju pukneš i moraš da piješ. Primer je kada vidiš ispred podruma pića 50 matorih ljudi koji ne znaju gde se nalaze, a nije im lepše zbog toga", prica ucenica iste beogradske gomnazije. "Vutra nije droga, da se razumemo. To je u Indiji narodni lek. Kada bi legalizovali vutru, onda bi mogli da kontrolišu, da ne dobijaju maloletni, a i dileri bi izgubili posao. Ako u Amsterdamu je legalizovana, što ne i ovde", pita njen drug.
Decu u Srbiji niko ne sprečava da piju. Niko od anketiranih učenika nije se požalio na to da je neko odbio da mu proda alkoholno piće zato što je maloletan. Decu, međutim, stalno opominju na štetnost droge. Nema lakih ni teških, kaže za B92 psihijatar Aleksandar Ramah, specijalista za lečenje bolesti zavisnosti:
“Neposredne posledice marihuane se uglavnom ogledaju u težim psihičkim poremećajima, poput epizoda ludila ili depresije s pokušajima samoubistva, i one se obično javljaju na samim počecima uzimanja marihuane kod osoba koje na određeni način imaju predispozicije da tako reaguju. Ko će reagovati tako, to niko ne zna. Dugotrajne posledice odnose se na dejstvo marihuane na one psihičke funkcije koje su vezane za procese pamćenja, za inteligenciju, za pažnju kao psihičku funkciju, za volju. Posle dužeg uzimanja marihuane postepeno se sužavaju interesovanja. Javljaju se poremećaji vezani za raspoloženje, za afekat, mogu se javiti impulsivne reakcije. Marihuana oštećuje kratkoročno pamćenje i onda osoba ima problema sa pamćenjem sadržaja, tako da se s vremenom javljaju takozvane crne rupe.“
B92: Čini mi se da mnogo toga što ste rekli za marihuanu važi i za alkohol.
“Svakako, ali to nije argument, po mom mišljenju, za legalizaciju marihuane. Ako je teško ili nemoguće alkohol prebaciti u ilegalne droge, onda nema ni razloga da marihuanu približavamo alkoholu. Ja zaista ne mogu da kažem da je uzimanje marihuane veći problem od uzimanja alkohola. Sve je to jedan isti problem.”
Aleksandar Ramah poziva državu na restriktivnije poštovanje zakona kojim se maloletnicima prodaje alkohol, na zabranu reklamiranja i na podizanje cena.
Alkohol, koji Ramah naziva legalnom drogom, izaziva cirozu jetre, demenciju, srčane tegobe, nasilje u porodici i svakojake druge probleme. Jamajkanski Nacionalni institut za mentalno zdravlje tvrdi da je marihuana pokazala pozitivne efekte prilikom ispitivanja društvenog ponašanja i da ne postoji povezanost
69
njene upotrebe sa kriminalnim ponašanjem. Komisija Blue Ribbon, koju je 1972. godine osnovao Ričard Nikson, izvestila je da marihuana ne vodi ka upotrebi težih droga, ne uzrokuje oštećenja na mozgu i u hromozomima i ne stvara fizičku zavisnost. Kada je, na osnovu svojih nalaza, predsedniku predložila dekriminalizaciju marihuane, Komisija je raspuštena.
Zašto je, dakle, jedna od ove dve droge legalna, a druga ne? Zašto su ljudi na marihuani kriminalci, a ljudi na alkoholu nisu?
“To je pitanje lične odgovornosti. Niko nikome ne daje da nešto radi, to je stvar lične odgovornosti, ličnih preferenci. Teorijski posmatrano, mene niko ne može da spreči da ukradem, može samo da me uhvati post festum i da za to odgovaram, ali ja imam ličnu odgovornost i odnos prema nečemu i znam da li ću nešto raditi ili neću raditi. Ja bih svaku od tih osoba koja ima dilemu 'ne daju mi da kupim' pitao 'a šta će uopšte marihuana u vašem životu?. Zašto marihuani ili alkoholu pridajete toliku moć? A oduzimate sebi moć.' Svaki put kad osoba uzme drogu, bilo koju, uključujući naravno i alkohol, ne proširuje i ne pojačava sebe kao ličnost, nego naprotiv, negira sebe kao ličnost i smanjuje svoju slobodu”, kaže Aleksandar Ramah.
Na pitanje ''zašto marihuana u vašim životima'' odgovara pisac David Albahari:
“Na to bih mogao da odgovorim pitanje zašto bilo šta u našim životima? Ja mislim da tu, naravno, ne postoje nikakvi propisi, da ne postoji ništa za šta bi trebalo da se kaže 'ovo se mora, ovo se ne mora'. Međutim, u isto vreme je, recimo, trećina stanovništva Severne Amerike na nekim antidepresivima, nekim drugim praktično legalnim supstancama a u stvari drogama – jer kada jednom počnete da ih uzimate, ne možete da prestanete ili veoma teško možete da prestanete. Dakle, ostajete u kandžama depresije. Ne vidim zašto bi se jednom davalo prednost a drugom se ta prednost oduzimala. Prednost se u stvari daje nečemu što je legalno, a zabranjuje se nešto što je ilegalno, bez ikakvog stvarnog pokušaja da se utvrdi u čemu je dobrobit jednog, a u čemu je zlo drugog. Pitanje da li je nešto dobro može verovatno da se postavi za mnoge stvari na svetu, i one koje su legalne i one koje to nisu.”
"Kad ste odrasli u šezdesetim, onda je teško nemati iskustva s marihuanom, naročito kada se ima u vidu da je veliki deo prometa išao kroz bivšu Jugoslaviju", kaže David Albahari. Šta on misli o priči o lošim posledicama?
“Nikada nisam verovao u te priče, i dugi niz godina u kulturi – rok, pop i ostalim alternativnim kulturama – potvrđuje mi da je samo priča kako su sve loše supstance međusobno povezane i kako jedna vodi u drugu. Moje iskustvo mi kazuje da je takva tvrdnja neodrživa. Apsolutno nije tačno da svako ko proba neku lakšu drogu mora na kraju da završi kao težak narkoman koji odlazi na lečenje i završava svoj život u nekom tragičnom fizičkom i mentalnom stanju. Međutim, treba imati u vidu i činjenicu na koju mnogi skreću pažnju, da je sadašnja marihuana mnogo potentnija, mnogo jača, kao narkotik mnogo kvalitetnija nego ona koja se koristila pre dvadesetak ili tridesetak godina. To jeste element koji može da utiče na pojedinca, ali u svakom slučaju nije elemenat koji bi dodao marihuani neko svojstvo lošeg i totalno negativnog uticaja na psihu i na fizičko stanje.”
Društvo je, kaže Albahari, u tolikoj meri prihvatilo alkohol kao društveni stav, da bi teško moglo da ga se odrekne. Mada je i alkohol nekad prolazio kroz period prohibicije.
“Društvo je u nekom trenutku uvidelo da se mnogo više isplati, da je mnogo jednostavnije legalizovati alkohol, omogućiti slobodan pristup i uvesti određene društvene mehanizme i kontrole njegove upotrebe. Dakle, to je ono što bi trebalo učiniti i u slučaju marihuane. Čini mi se da bi prvobitna ideja trebalo da se odnosi na pitanje dekriminalizacije marihuane i takozvanih lakih droga. Dekriminalizacija dopušta da se nešto što je već usvojeno kao životna praksa i način života već nekoliko generacija pretvori u nešto što bi bilo slobodno, oslobođeno bilo kakvog pritiska – zakonskih, milicijskih ili bilo kakvih drugih inicijativa protiv toga. Legalizacija bi bila drugi korak”
Blage zakone prema marihuani usvojile su gotovo sve Evropske zemlje. U Kanadi je dekriminalizovana upotreba u zdravstvene svrhe, za posedovanje se ne kažnjava u Danskoj, Španiji i Britaniji, pojedine opštine uvode dekriminalizaciju kao eksperimentalni model borbe protiv ozbiljne narkomanije, a Portugalija takav eksperiment – sa svim drogama - sprovodi već skoro godinu dana. O iskustvima Holandije, izveštač B92 iz Haga Miloš Milić:
“Oni koji o tome znaju nešto više, kažu da su kofi šopovi u kojima se od 1978. godine legalno prodaje marihuana u početku bili mračna mesta na kojima su se okupljali sumnjivi likovi. U prvo vreme u celoj
70
Holandiji nije ih bilo više od deset. Danas u Amsterdam zbog lakih droga i lake zabave svake nedelje dolaze hiljade ljudi iz celog sveta, a kofi šopova ima na stotine. Ako se i ne može reći da zemlja i grad žive od ovakve vrste turizma, onda se ipak mora priznati da je reč o jednoj značajnoj privrednoj grani. Stoga je i logično da ste u kofi šopu jednako bezbedni kao i bilo gde drugde. Šta je zapravo legalno u prodaji marihuane, vutre ili kako god? Opšta predstava o tome kaže da je 'trava' legalizovana. Ona je, međutim, samo dekriminalizovana. Između ove dve reči krije se nijansa koja znači da marihuanu možete kupiti legalno u kofi šopovima, da je u njima legalno možete pušiti, da je po osobi dozvoljena količina od pet grama, ali da kršite holandski zakon svaki put kad izađete sa džointom na ulicu. Ipak, to kršenje zakona se gotovo stoprocentno toleriše, osim ukoliko niste baš uporni pa uđete u neku školu ili bolnicu, kada će policija sigurno intervenisati. Antilegalisti, da ih tako nazovemo, kažu da se legalizacijom marihuane povećava broj takozvanih pravih narkomana, odnosno osoba zavisnih od teških droga. Ipak, holandska iskustva govore ubedljivo drugačije. Naime, najvažniji zadatak legalizacije bio je da se prodavci ove droge odvoje od dilera heroina i ostalih teških droga. U godinama koje su sledile posle vladine odluke 1978, procenat registrovanih korisnika heroina bitno se smanjio. Na drugoj strani, u svim ostalim susednim zemljama Evrope slučaj je bio obrnut. I možda najvažnije, holandsko iskustvo je pokazalo da legalizacija nije proizvela uspavanu i 'naduvanu' zemlju, već je omogućila kontrolu nad prodajom i distribucijom marihuane i oslobodila prostor za borbu protiv šverca droge. Za zainteresovane cena je sigurno najvažnija, gram marihuane je 6 evra, a gram hašiša oko 10 evra.”
B92: Možeš li da zamisliš da izadješ negde i piješ sok, da si skroz strejt i da ti je OK?
Učenik: Ne mogu. Ne znam zašto, ne umem to da objasnim. Dosadno je.
David Albahari: “Moje iskustvo pokazuje da ne treba strahovati od toga da je u pitanju nešto što čoveka može da odvede u neke mnogo veće ponore zla, mentalnog nespokoja i tako dalje. Govorim to, dakle, na osnovu svog ličnog iskustva. Međutim, ne treba nikada zaboraviti da u svim tim supstancama ne možemo pronaći mnogo toga što zapravo već ne pripada nama. Čovek u svemu tome najviše i najbolje može da otkriva samo i jedino samoga sebe. I ako nešto nema u sebi, on veoma teško može to da dobije kao da mu je to neka nebeska, Božja ruka dala kao dar. Nekada se koristio, kada je bila reč o marihuani i lakim drogama, termin rekreaciona droga. I mislim da je to možda najbolji termin koji se i danas može koristiti. Kada je potrebna neka rekreacija duha, ponekad i tela, ponekad nekih misli – eto, to je možda to.”
71
Droga - Kljucevi raja za vrata pakla
NAS GOST: PROF DR JOVAN BUKELIC, NEUROPSIHIJATAR
Kljucevi raja za vrata pakla
Droga nije vise privilegija intelektualne i ekonomske sredine, ona je problem radnicke omladine, svih slojeva i sve mladjih uzrasta
GRUPA strucnjaka iz Beograda koja se bavi problemom bolesti zavisnosti skoro 40 godina, prihvatila je obavezu da sa grupom strucnjaka iz Crne Gore napravi koherentan koncept, metodologiju, prevashodno prevencije zavisnosti od psihoaktivnih supstanci. I to ne bez razloga.
Narkomanija je kod nas postala i pojava i problem, a drustvo koje je nespremno da se suprostavi ovom velikom zlu na startu je izgubio bitku.
O narkomaniji, pocasti 20. vijeka, za „Pobjedu nedjeljom" govori prof dr Jovan Bukelic, direktor Zavoda za mentalno zdravlje u Beogradu, visedecenijski borac protiv ovog zla, i prvi doktor narkomanije na Balkanu.
Klasicna narkomanija, poznata jos u praistoriji, kao individualna patologija postala je opasna hemijska epidemija druge polovine naseg vijeka.
Pocela je u Americi paralelno sa hipi pokretom i slicnim pokretima mladih, jasnom pobunom protiv ali je nacije covjeka, protiv prijetnje covjekovoj egzistenciji, borbom za jednakost polova.
Hipici, „djeca cvijeca", borili su se za pravo na zivot i smrt, za pravo na ljubav, ali na zalost i pravo na drogu, da se prihvati kult prezenta-hedonisticki odnos prema zivotu, zivjeti sada i brzo, sto brze, bez anticipiranja buducnosti.
Istovremeno, droga se smatra ideologijom beznadja, a interpretira kao odlozeno samoubistvo-fenomen „zlatnog metka" (narkoman zivot zavrsava pretjeranom dozom heroina).
Taj pravi epidemijski bufe koji je krenuo sa americkog kontinenta ubrzo je stigao u Evropu i kod nas, kaze prof Bukelic, prisjecajuci kako je grupa strucnjaka u Beogradu tih kasnih sezdesetih i pocetkom sedamdesetih godina upozorila na opasnost od narkomanije, ali su se pojavile odbrane i prijekori psihijatrima da bez razloga plase i ovako uplasen svijet.
Droga je, govorili su, svojestvena mladima bez ideala (kapitalistickim drustvima). Proradila je teorija socijalistickog narcizma-mi imamo omladinu sa idealima i uzvisenim ciljevima.
Nazalost, vrlo brzo droga je usla prvo u slojeve intelektualene elite u velikim gradovima (tvrdjavama samoce), kaze prof. Bukelic i dodaje.
Tih godina narkomani" pocetnici uzimali su halucinogene droge-hasis, LSD.
Moto „umrijeti mlad i lijep" „ubrzali" su opijati-opijum, heroin. Tada smo shvatili da nismo nedodirljivi, da se narkomanija dogodila i nama. Inaktivirani teorijom socijalistickog narcizma, bili smo zateceni-nijesmo imali nikakve preventivne mjere i to nam se vrlo brzo osvetilo kaze prof Bukelic.
Prva grupa nasih narkomana bila je karakteristicna po politoksikomanskim navikama-uzimali su razne supstance do kojih su dolazili, uglavnom sirovi opijum nedovoljno strucno pripremljen, koji je izazvao pravu epidemiju hepatita (ostecenje jetre, zuticu).
Danas najsiromasniji narkomani, finansijski opustoseni, piju caj od maka koji je mnogo opasniji od ciste supstance jer je veoma toksican. Izaziva ostecenje jetre, zeluca, organa za varenje, kardiovaskularnog sistema. Inace, na trzistu, u mnogim zemljama pa i kod nas, u trci za velikom zaradom narko mafija nudi drogu veoma loseg kvaliteta.
Nedavno je u nama susjednoj zemlji sedam narkomana umrlo jer je u heroinu koji su koristili bio gips.
Hipi pokret je proglasen mrtvim, a u posljednjoj deceniji se pojavljuju neki novi klinci - ecstacy generacija.
Za razliku od hipi narkomana oni su veoma mladi, od 10 do 12 godina, koji pod uticajem ekstazija nerijetko
72
nalaze smrt na podijumu za igru.
Ekstazi je inace, napominje prof Bukelic, droga koja se uzima uz napitke tipa red bul, eksploziv, guarana, sark... koji su mnogo stetniji nego sto koriste.
Ekstazi dovodi do psihoticne razgradnje ili kako mladi vole da kazu - od nje se „odlijepi" ili „ufura", jer ima stimulativna halucinogena dejstva.
Zadnjih godina, sa velikom zabrinutoscu profesor Bukelic konstatuje, na trzistu i medju mladima, popularne su neke nove, dizajnirane droge, hemijske supstance nepoznate jacine i neprepoznate opasnosti.
Ona takodje dovodi do trajne promjene licnosti, izbijanja anksioznosti, (nesvjesni sadrzaji prodiru u svijest, sto moze biti zastrasujuce iskustvo).
Nema urodjenih narkomana, kategorican je doktor Bukelic. Susret sa drogom je tu, pored nas.
Sve vise i sve aktuelnija droga je marihuana, koja se, kao i hasis, dobija od kanabisa-vrste konoplje. To apsolutno nije bezazlena droga.
Marihuana je put ka adekvatnim drogama i izaziva organske poremecaje, poremecaje nervnih Celija, intelektualno propadanje, a takodje uzivaoci marihuane ispoljavanju izrazit amotivacioni sindrom.
Takodje, marihuana izaziva prolaznu sterilnost, porast grudi kod djecaka, a u dimu marihuane ima kancerogenih svojstava. Treba znati da je 95 odsto uzivaoca heroina pocelo drogiranje sa marihuanom.
„Djeca cvijeca" postaju „hemijska djeca", sve cesce ostecena ozbiljnim psihickim poremecajima do stepena" hemijskog ludila", oboljenjima jetre, tjelesnim ruiniranjem (kosturi u pokretu), stanjem straha, nekontrolisanom euforijom.
Narkomani cesto ispoljavaju fenomen transformacije (postaju neko drugi) i poremecaj dozivljaja sopstvenog identiteta, poremecaj orijentacije u prostoru (cesto se zbog toga zakoraci u smrt) dozivljaj prosvjetljenja i poistovjecivanja sa Bogom.
Prema istrazivanjima, istice profesor Bukelic, kod velikog procenta narkomana d olazi do deklasiranih i toksicnih psihoza.
Osobe sa deklasiranim psihozama su veoma krhke mentalne strukture, lako ranjive, gdje je dovoljna jedna doza (cak i marihuane) da dodje do psihoticne razgradnje i dusevne bolesti (posebno kod halucinogenih droga).
Isto tako kod narkomana su cesta suicidalna osjecanja, sa cestim pokusajima samoubistva ili i samim samoubistvima, (sedam odsto narkomana se ubije jer smatraju da su nepovredivi ili da mogu da lete).
Narkomanija, nema sumnje, predstavlja socio medicinski problem, socijalni imajuci u vidu uzroke i posljedice, a medicinski jer je rijec o hronicnom oboljenju koje zahtijeva dugotrajno lijecenje, cesto dozivotno.
No ipak, napominje doktor Bukelic, izljecenje je moguce. Doduse, to je dug proces koji trazi kvalitativne promjene u emocionalnom i porodicnom planu, zatim potrebu da na profesionalnom planu dodje do rehabilitacije, da se integrise u drustvo vrsnjaka-socijalna reintegracija, sto znaci da osoba koja prihvati lijecenje mora, kaze on, da promijeni i igraliste i igrace.
Lijecenje je moguce samo ako postoji motivacija. Kod dobre motivacije, bez prisile, ima i nade za izljecenje.
Nazalost, malo njih se i odluci i izdrzi apstinenciju. Zato su i rezultati, izrazeni u brojkama, izlijecenih narkomana mali, ali vrijedi se boriti, pa makar i za samo jedan zivot, kaze optimisticki profesor Bukelic.
Na zalost, profesor Bukelic napominje da jos uvijek nemamo institucije koje su najvaznije za proces rehabilitacije, kao sto su terapijske komune, kuce nade u svijetu, gdje mladi po principu psihologije vrsnjaka pomazu jedni drugima.
Vrijeme je pokazalo da smo razloga za zabrinutost imali jos davnih sesdesetih godina, a danas ona je dvojno pojacana.
73
S jedne strane pojavila se sida koja upravo zbog nacina unosenja droge najcesce napada narkomane, a s druge, narkomanija ovih kriznih godina nije samo bolest mladih i radoznalih, vec nazalost i onih koji jos nijesu ni iskusili zivot.
Danas, doduse, nema pouzdanih podataka koliko je ljudi kod nas zakoracilo i ostalo u svijetu narkotika, koliko je njih izvrsilo samoubistvo, a koliko umrlo u ruzicastim snovima nirvane.
Pouzdano se zna da je narkomanija prevashodno drustveni a onda medicinski problem. Zato, drustvo mora, kao sto kazu Italijani, da sidje u arenu i sukobi se sa problemom droge. Sve dok droga bude problem „onih drugih", dotle ce postojati opasnost da se, svako od nas, jednog dana suoci sa cinjenicom da mu je dijete narkoman. A tada obicno bude kasno za sve.
NESLAVNO PRVO MJESTO
Prva grupa nasih narkomana uzimala je razne supstance uglavnom sirovi opijum, nedovoljno strucno obradjen. Tada se dogodilo nesto, do tada nezabiljezeno u svijetu. Naime, Jugoslavija je izbila na prvo mjesto u svijetu po broju oboljelih od hipi hepatita.
Razlog je bio sto su narkomani na seansama koristili zajednicku iglu: kontaminirana droga uz takav pribor dovela je do prave epidemije zutice.Sada smo, napominje profesor Bukelic, ponovo na prvom mjestu u svijetu.
Naime, nasi narkomani su najveca transmisiona grupa u prenosenju virusa side. Od broja svih umrlih od side u Jugoslaviji, 90 odsto je bilo narkomana.
ORUKA RODITELJIMA
Nemojte nikada napustiti vase dijete, bez obzira na to sto je ono povrijedilo vas narcizam, vase porodicne motive, vas mir i vase snove.
Ne prikrivajte narkomaniju vaseg djeteta, ne stidite se.
Narkomanija je bolest za koju ne morate imati dio krivice. Nemojte rangirati krivicu, sopstvenu ili vaseg bracnog partnera, krivi ste oboje, neko drugi ili niko-porucuje dr Bukelic.
Ksenija Radunovic
74
75
PRILOZI IIKanabis i kultura
PRILOG II-1: KANABIS I MUZIKA – OPŠTI PREGLED64
PRILOG II-2: EASY SKANKIN / LEGALIZE IT 68PRILOG II-3: TEKSTOVI PESAMA
70PRILOG II-4: DROGE I POPULARNA MUZIKA A-Z
76PRILOG II-5: KANABIS MUZIČKI VREMEPLOV
88PRILOG II-7: RASTA UMETNICI O BILJCI 104
KANABIS I MUZIKA – OPŠTI PREGLED
Napomena roditeljima: Ova listu ne treba posmatrati kao listu vama omraženih grupa, koju deca nipošto ne smeju slušati. Kanabis je samo jedna od popularnih tema socijalno svesnih muzičara. Muzika koja zagovara kanabis predstavlja kvalitetan ali zanemarljivo mali deo njihovog opusa.
REGGAE / DUB / DANCEHALL
The Wailers Band (aka Bob Marley and Wailers)
Peter Tosh
Max Romeo
Lee Scratch Perry (aka The Upsetter)
Sizzla
Luciano
Morgan Heritage
L.M.S
Pato Banton
Macka B
Cocoa T
Tony Rebel
Bushman
Sean Paul
Zion Train
Raggasonic
Black Uhuru
The Culture
U-Roy
Rita Marley
Ziggy Marley
Capital Letters
Dillinger
76
Steel Pulse
UB 40
ASWAD
Del Arno Band
Gregory Isaac
Anthony B
THC
Buju Banton
Barington Levy
Beenie Man
Admiral Bailey
Afrikan Simba
Journalist
Dub Syndicate
Eeak A Mouse
Inner Circle
Mighty Diamonds
Jacob Miller
Junior Murvin
Musical Youth
Trinston Palma
Sanchez
Leroy Sibbles
Singing Colone
Roaring Lion
Turbulence
Fredie Mc Gregor
Sugar Minott
Jah Lloyd
77
Jah Lion
Lone Ranger
John Holt
Horace Ferguson
Wayne Smith
Top Cat
Asian Dub Foundation
Skinhead
Red Roze
Roundhead
Bucaneer
Terror Fabulous
Yellow Man
Luga Man
Linval Thompson
RAP / HIP HOP
2PAC
Bad Copy
Eminem
Method Man
Redman
Ice Cube
Bictherke
Cypress Hill
MC Flex
43zla
Eufrat
Gru
78
Ice Cube
Natte Dog
Mallrats
Canibus
Snoop Doggy Dog
36 Mafia
Coolio
Afroman
Dr Dre
Gang Starr
Snoop Doggy Dog
311
Tone Loc
Cool Hand Loc
Niggas With Attitude (NWA)
Master P
Bad Copy
GRUNDGE / HARD ROCK / METAL / HC
Green Day
Billy Idol
Offspring
Lenny Cravitz
Alice in Chains
Beastie Boys
Beck
Black Sabbath
Cranberres
Marilyn Manson
Megadeth
79
Van Morison
Motley Crue
Napalm Death
Pogues
Rammstein
Janis Joplin
The Beastie Boys
Sonic Youth
KLASIČNI ROK / PUNK
Beatles
Clash
Cure
John Lenon
Paul Mc Cartney
Rolling Stones
Frank Zappa
POPULARNA MUZIKA
Eric Clapton
Joe Cocker
Bob Dylan
Foo Fighters
Fun Lovin Criminals
Manic Street Preachers
Prince
Space Cowboys
Muddy Waters
OSTALO (BLUES, ELEKTRONIKA, WORLD …)
Stevie Wonder
Sly & The Family Stone
80
Big Joe
Blues Band
Burning Icense
Cheec & Chong
Moody Blues
Tangerine Dream
Velvet Underground
Ganja Kru
The Super Fury Animals
Fela Kuti
Muddy Waters
POPULARNE LIČNOST I KANABIS NA TV/FILMU
Jay & Silent Bob u seriji filmova
Eddy Murphy u Kolu Sreće
Ice Cube u Friday
Method Man i Red Man u How High
GRU u Dorćol – Menhetnu
Glavni protagonisti filma Munje
Glavni protagonisti filma Rane
Neki od likova u filmu “Jedan na jedan”
Maja Mandžuka u Virtuelnoj Realnosti
Homer Simpson u Simpsonovima (dobija propisanu zbog problema sa očima)
SOUNDTRACKS
Hair
High Fidelity
Friday
How High
81
POSVEĆENE KOMPILACIJE
• Big Blunts Smokin' Reggae Hits (1994) US • Various Artists: Big Blunts 2 - More Smokin'.. (1996) US • Various Artists: Big Blunts 3 - More Smokin'.. (1996) US • Various Artists: Flyin' High - Blunted Hip Hop (1996) F • Various Artists: HEMPilation - Freedom is NORML (1995) US • Various Artists: HEMPilation 2 - Free the weed (1998) US • Various Artists: Marijuana's Greatest Hits (1992) US • Various Artists: Reefer Songs (1997) US • Various Artists: Smoking Beats (1999) D • Various Atists; The Herbalists (Xterminator, 1999)• Various Artists: The Sky is High (1995, 1932-47) US • Various Artists: Viper Mad Blues (1991, 1927-43) US• Wake Up: Wake Up 93 (CD Präventionskampagne 1993) CH
82
BOB MARLEY – EASY SKANKIN / PETER TOSH – LEGALIZE IT
On the Caribbean island of Jamaica during the late 1960s, the leading local pop stars were a vocal trio comprising Neville 'Bunny' Livingston, Peter MacIntosh and Robert Nesta Marley: The Wailers. They first made their mark dressed as gangsters, or 'rude boys', wearing sharp suits and shades and singing a song called Simmer Down, but found their true style after teaming up with the rhythm section of Jamaica's premier session band, The Upsetters, and defined it in a series of classic recordings made with the legendary producer, Lee Perry. To the lilting strains of crude reggae, Bob Marley brought the sweetest melodies and the most passionate lyrics, which the Wailers rendered in sublime harmony while the Barrett brothers - Curly on drums, Aston on bass - ground out a profound and irresistible rhythm.
The Wailers were among the first musicians to overtly adopt the trappings of Rastafarianism, a religious cult that germinated in the Kingston slums from the teachings of a radical black activist called Marcus Garvey and grew to become the island's most compelling cultural force, representing the spiritual nationality of Jamaica. Garvey believed that former slaves must be repatriated to Africa and establish their own nation state; and he prophesied that a black King would arise to lead them. In 1930, when a tribal warlord called Ras Tafari was crowned the 111th Emperor of Ethiopia in a line of descent traced back to King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba and took a new name, Haile Selassie - 'Power of the Holy Trinity' - he was acclaimed in Kingston as a living god.
Rastafarianism refers back to the Old Testament, identifying its adherents as the lost tribes of Israel, sold into slavery in Babylon and awaiting their return to Zion, the promised land. Rastas characteristically grow their hair into 'dreadlocks', for no razor shall touch the heads of the righteous; they eschew meat and shellfish for 'I-tal' food (grains, fruit, roots and vegetables). And they revere cannabis as the sacramental herb. It is 'the healing of the nations'.
Herbal cannabis had always played a part in the medicinal and mystical rituals of ancient Africa and was probably well known to the slaves who worked the West Indian sugar plantations, but anthropologists contend that the herb didn't arrive in Jamaica until after slavery was abolished there in 1838, when it was brought by contract workers from the Indian sub-continent who were drafted in to fill the subsequent labour shortage. Certainly, the Jamaican term for herbal cannabis, 'ganja', is a Hindi word meaning 'sweet smelling', but also 'noisy'. Which is not a bad description of roots reggae.
The deep rhythmic bass of reggae, combined with the tendency of ganja to enhance ones' appreciation of tonal resonance and to distort ones' perception of time, when mixed together in primitive recording studios, begat Dub. It was the custom within the Jamaican music industry to fill out the flip-sides of 45rpm singles with instrumental versions of the song featured on the A side. Under the creative influence of sacramental herb, record producers began twiddling their knobs idiosyncratically, dropping out the treble and pumping up the bass, cutting up the vocal track and adding masses of reverb to haunting phrases that echo through the mix. No other music sounds more like the way it feels to be stoned.
Bob Marley summed up the influence of cannabis on emerging Rasta consciousness in an interview with Stephen Davis: "Rastaman sit down and smoke some herb, with good meditation, and a policeman come see him, stick him up, search him, beat him, and put him in prison. Now, what is this guy doing these things for? Herb grows like yams and cabbage. Just grow. Policemen do these things fe evil... System don't agree with herb because herb make ya too solid. Y'see, when ya smoke herb ya conscience come right in front of ya. Ya see it? So the devil see ya not guan fe do fool thing again. Yes, Rasta! Herb is the healing of the nation".
In 1972, The Wailers secured their ticket to Babylon via a deal with Chris Blackwell of Island Records and began to record a series of classic albums that would introduce reggae music to a world-wide audience. Despite this success, or perhaps because of it, The Wailers split up in 1974 when Bunny Livingston and Peter Tosh quit, ostensibly because the pair didn't want to go on tour. Bob Marley replaced them with three female backing singers, the I-Threes, who included his wife, Rita, and went on to become a superstar.
Peter Tosh may not have been as musically gifted as Bob Marley, but he was more militant. Soon after breaking with the Wailers, as the title track on his first solo LP, he recorded what was to become the pot smokers' anthem: Legalise It. The song is a litany of ganja's medicinal uses - telling us that it's good for the "flu, for asthma, for tuberculosis and even umara composis" (whatever that might be) - and a roll call of those
83
who use it, including doctors, nurses, judges and lawyers as well as singers and "players of instruments, too." The chorus has became a rallying cry: "Legalise it, don't criticise it".
In 1976, Tosh told Stephen Davis: "My song about herb, called Legalise It, was played here for a while on the radio, but the herb dealers who live in Beverley Hills don't want the small man to live... I was taught as a boy that herb is a natural drug and medicine... But then I was terribly brutalised by the police and charged with ganja. Can you imagine? Herb? Vegetables? We are the victim of Ras clot circumstances. Them that don't want to legalise it have to do with the business of it... Every time I smoke herb my imagination is burning and I'm writing my best music... Herb is for the ills of man. It's the healing of the nations. But in Jamaica a man can go to prison for one seed. It might as well be one ton of herb. I smoke herb every minute, every hour, every day. Then I lie down and rest and get up and smoke again
84
Eric-Clapton's Lyrics
I Shot The Sheriff Lyrics
By bob marley
I shot the sheriff, but I did not shoot the deputy.I shot the sheriff, but I did not shoot the deputy.
All around in my home townThey’re trying to track me down.They say they want to bring me in guiltyFor the killing of a deputy,For the life of a deputy.But I say:
I shot the sheriff, but I swear it was in self-defense.I shot the sheriff, and they say it is a capital offense.
Sheriff john brown always hated me;For what I don’t know.Every time that I plant a seedHe said, "kill it before it grows."He said, "kill it before it grows."I say:
I shot the sheriff, but I swear it was in self-defense.I shot the sheriff, but I swear it was in self-defense.
Freedom came my way one dayAnd I started out of town.All of a sudden I see sheriff john brownAiming to shoot me down.So I shot, I shot him down.I say:
I shot the sheriff, but I did not shoot the deputy.I shot the sheriff, but I did not shoot the deputy.
Reflexes got the better of meAnd what is to be must be.Every day the bucket goes to the well,But one day the bottom will drop out,Yes, one day the bottom will drop out.But I say:
I shot the sheriff, but I did not shoot the deputy, oh no.I shot the sheriff, but I did not shoot the deputy, oh n.
Easy Skanking
Bob Marley
85
Easy skanking, skanking it easyEasy skanking, skanking it slow (repeat)
Excuse me while I light my spliffGood GOD I gotta take a liftFrom reality I just can't drift
That's why I am staying with this riff
Take it wasy, easy skanking (repeat)Got to take it easy, easy skanking
You see we're taking it easyWe taking it slow, taking it easy
Got to take it slow, so take it easyEasy skanking, easy skankingOh take it easy, easy skanking
Excuse me while I light my spliffOh GOD I gotta take a lift
From reality I just can't driftThat's why I am staying with this riff
Take it easy, taking it easyGot to take it easy, taking it slow
Take it easy, taking it easySkanky take it easy, taking it slow
Tell you what herb for my wineHoney for my strong drink
Herb for my wine, honey for my strong drink
I'll take it easy, taking it easyTake it easy, skanking it slow
Take it easy, taking it easyTake it easy, skanking it slow
86
Pato Banton
All Drugs Out
Written by P. MurrayWize Up! (No Compromize)
Live & Kickin' All Over AmericaCollections
All drugs out, all drugs out!Without a shadow of a doubt we want all drugs out!
It might sound funny but this ain't a jokeit's an all out attack against crack and coke.L. S. D. and opium are in the same boat'cause along with the heroin they're classified as dope.
Drugs pushers in every areaselling drugs on the street corner.To the young even the toddlerthese people should be charged with murder.P. A. T. O. that spells Patosniff sniff sniff what?! must be snow!Any pushers in the show there's the door please go'cause when it comes to drugs Pato Banton says no!
Listen!Its such a shame when people got a problemand they think only drugs can solve them.It would be cool if it stopped right there but thenit affects everyone even the children.Drugs or drinks its the same situationin every race that makes a population.One person sees an attractionthen there's a chain reaction of addiction.Next thing you know is every thing goesin the veins down the throat or up the nose.Some do it for kicks some do it for posebut they all end up in the back row.So stop look and listen again'cause I am dearer than your brother or a best friend.
I'm your lyrical teacher the conscious preacherand with this message word I'm gonna reach ya.So don't let the system get you downget up stand up put your feet firmly on the ground.Be an individual not a part of the crowdcome on stand up proud and shout out loud!
I'm not a drinker not a smoker and I don't sniff Coca Cola.Unto Jah and only Jah I dedicate my heart and soul.I let him lead the way and all I simply do is follow.So I wont sell out for English pounds not even Yankee dollar.I keep on trodding on and on along this narrow track.And no matter if its rough or tough I wont be turning back.
No cigarette it will give you bad breath!No strong drinks it will make your mouth stink!
87
No LSD it will drive you crazy!No acid it will make you stupid!No cocaine it will mash up your brain!No touch de crack it will give you heart attack!No heroin its a dangerous thing!We want all drugs thrown in the dustbin!
PETER TOSH
Bush Doctor
BUSH DOCTOR LP
Warning! The Surgeon General warns Cigarette smoking is dangerous, dangerous Hazard to your health Does that mean anything to you
To legalize marijuana Right here in Jamaica I'm say it cure glaucoma I'm another Bush Doctor
So there'll be No more smokin and feelin tense When I see them a come I don't have to jump no fence
Legalize marijuana Down here in Jamaica Only cure for asthma I'm another Minister(of the Herb)
So there'll be no more Police brutality No more disrespect For humanity
Legalize marijuana Down here in Jamaica It can build up your failing economy Eliminate the slavish mentality
There'll be no more Illegal humiliation And no more police Interrogation
Legalize marijuana Down here in sweet Jamaica Only cure for glaucoma I'm another Bush Doctor
So there be No more need to smoke and hide When you know you're takin Illegal ride
Legalize marijuana Down here in Jamaica
88
It the only cure for glaucoma I'm another Minister
THE CULTURELegalizationPAYDAY LP
Hey Dreadlock!Babylon a run after you!And I fall down and a bounce I head pon a ganja rootVex bad, bad, bad.Me say ganja haffe grow big manWith a bag of marijuana whole a heap a little bit (So)Babylon a show off pon, Rasta, gwaan like him no knowHe sell it by music to educate our children and policeAnd gwaan pon I like nuff nuff wickedness increaseLegalization fi the ganja herb!Legalization fi the ganja herb!We want it nowLegalization fi the ganja herb! (How they legalize it inna Holland?)Legalization fi the ganja herb!United we will stand, divided we will fall, apartLick up the chalice and mek that clean up your heartWhat kind of corruption you have on your tongue?To prison a man for a simple draw of herb (that grow from the earth!)Legalization fi the ganja herb! (Cut it down quick!)Legalization fi the ganja herb! (Me no a bad man, me a strong defender!)Legalization fi the ganja herb! (Oh, Babylon!)Legalization fi the ganja herb!A some time when them come with them and drive ambulanceAnd a some time when them a tief up the areathem a drive a fire truck with a bag in the backAnd some time when them a come a tek outthem sure they drive all ship and coast guard thingNuff coke a share from here to thereAnd Rasta can’t lick him chalice (The whole a we are one)Jah Ras Tafari! Must smite them things!As mi plant a seed, ya run come raid mi fieldLook inna I yaself and tell me the way you feelMy children wake up in the morning without a nice meal.Simply because you can go wheel and tear down and mek a deal (Mi can’t do like you)Legalization fi the ganja herb! (Rasta need it now!)Legalization fi the ganja herb! (You need another conscience)Legalization fi we ganja herb! (Put it up quick!)Legalization fi the ganja herb!Some say we have to bite the bulletWhat about poor children have no teeth, a suck them ago suck itWe have to sell the ganja herb,We buy a ticket (My God!)Down in a Babylon the situation, we just can’t take it! (Back up!)Legalization fi the ganja herb! (Bounce me back!)Legalization fi the ganja herb! (Meditate on a ganja root)
Legalize It!
Written by P. BantonPato BantonLife Is A MiracleLive At The Maritime - San Francisco
89
Yes man! Legalize it! Decriminalize it!And I man Mr. Banton will advertise it... Sensimelia!
Me send a letter to the residence of the presidentwith a stamp on the front saying very urgent.The message inside went something like: Legalize it! Sensimelia!
Sensimelia is a herb that grows naturallyjust like any other plant or tree.Natural as the birds, natural as the beesand just like them sensi ought to be: Free!To be grown anywhere that we pleasein the city in the town and in the country. Free!In the hills and in the valleysensi should be there for everyone to see.
To call sensi a drug is very absurdit should be known as a natural herb.So much diseases sensi has curedthat's why doctors use it all round the world.For glaucoma and fever, rheumatism, arthritis and asthmainsomnia, emphysema and to block epileptic seizure.To alleviate pain and nauseaassociated with the AIDS and cancer.Some say it is the best stress relieverLord knows I am believer.
Give me the ganja cookie, and the herbal tea.Sensimelia is: Irie!I don't care what no government say.Sensimelia is: OK!
Legalize it! Yes man legalize it now!
We want legalization, decriminalization and emancipationfor all those sentenced to incarceration for participationwith the healing of the nation.It's just another case of political insanityabusing the rights of humanity.But we should all plant a seed of this weed that we needto avoid an ecological calamity.We can use for paper to save some treesuse it for fuel to save some seas.Use it for medicines to help fight diseasesand use it for food when we hungry.
Legalize it! Fe we medication.Legalize it! Lord fe we meditation.Legalize it! Woe throughout the nation.Legalize it! Yes we sensimelia.
Yes! From downing street to D. C.time to paint the white house green.You know what I mean... Scene!
Don't Sniff Coke
Written by P. MurrayPato BantonNever Give In
90
Live & Kickin' All Over AmericaCollectionsLive At The Maritime - San Francisco
Now this one is dedicated to the people all overremember the words of your crucial entertainerwhen I say I do not sniff the coke I only smoke the sensimilla.
I do not sniff the coke I only smoke. Sensimilla!
Without a doubt I am the boss, in my class I am the teacherif music is the fruit of life then I will be a reaper.If M. C. business was a school then I would be head masterif a car I'd be the driver, if a bike I'd be the rider.If M. C. business was a church Pato would be the vicarthen instead of calling me M. C. you all would call me preacher.But fun and joke aside I want to get serious in this matterand dedicate this style to each and every cocaine dealer.
In February 1985 Pato became a winnerbecause I did that tune called Hello Tosh gotta Toshiba!It shooted up the charts and nearly gave my mom heart failureshe looked at me and said:
"Son me glad me grow you propera son like you would be the pride and joy of any motherno make the fame get to your head just think about your future."
Those words of encouragement just made me push on furtherto break down any walls and also break through any barrier.I got a lot of guidance from G. T. who is my managerassistance from Don Christie Fashion helped me cross the border.I also got a lot of aid from good good sensimillathat's why I do not snort the coke I only burn the Ganja!
One day I had to catch a train from Birmingham to Londonhalf way on my journey was approached by this white roughianwith greasy hair and scruffy jeans he looked just like a villainhe sat down opposite me with a Tennants (Lager) in his right handbut I don't judge appearance I just check the way you galongso I introduced myself to him as Mr. Pato Banton.
"Nice to meet ya, my name's Roadie and I work with P. A. HireI've heard your name some place before but I just can't remember.But anyway I'm very very very glad to meet yaand I've got some dope it's first class coke you can have this for a fiver."
I looked down on the table and saw a piece of silver paperinside this silver paper was some powder looked like flour.Me asked: what it do for you? it give you strength and power?now everyone I want you to hear the way that roadie answered:
"Well Mr. Pato Banton the sensation is fineit makes me see green men and then I go to cloud nine.All my worries and problems are left miles behindso no matter where I am I have a brilliant time.If you don't believe me hold on and I'll fix you a linejust take one sniff of this and you'll be out of your mind."
91
But I took the coke and threw it right outside the carriage windowbefore he could say a word I quickly built up a five-sheeterinto my pocket for my sensi and my lighterI lit it with a flash and then to Roadie passed it over.I could see that he was loving it because of his expressionme tell him: this is sensi the healing of the nationin some places doctors use it for herbal medication.Ronald Reagan smoke it just before him go pon televisionafter Margaret Thatcher visit him she bring some back to Englandthen distributes it equally throughout the house commons.But fun and joke aside it gives me deep deep meditationit fills my heart with niceness and I get nuff inspiration.You could be any colour any creed or any nationafter smoking sensimilla I know you'll find the reasonwhy I do not sniff coke I only smoke sensimilla!
Niceness
Written by P. MurrayPato BantonWize Up! (No Compromize)Live & Kickin' All Over AmericaTudo De Bom - Live In Brazil
This is a vital demand and a special requestto the people in the north, south, east and west. Yes!Open your ears and don't play deaf'cause right now me come with a touch down fresh.No need to wonder, no need to guessif I'm the B. E. S. T. baba baba best.Without a doubt the answer is Y. E. S.that's why so many people show interest.I bring peace and love... no badnessintelligent lyrics with... no slackness.I bring N. I. C. E. N. E. double S.
While in the subject of nicenessI have to mention the thing call sess!Naturally beautiful green and freshwith vitamin C for "Consciousness".The king of reggae Bob Marleysaid "excuse me while I light my spliff".The great Peter Tosh had an all time hit!that went by the name of Legalize It!President of America is named after it... Bush!all politicians smoke it in secret.But this is the truth so you must believe itall reggae fans smoke it in public.We get the paper put the sess into itroll it, stick it and then we light it.We inhale sess, we exhale harrif you know the feeling come sing NICENESS.
Now people believe mewhen I tell you reggae music has come to rock the world.Not once not twicebut one hundred million times positively. Niceness!!!
Now the whole wide world is in a great big messbecause of political foolishness.When we should be striving for happinesseveryone is putting up their defenses.
92
To make things worst some mad scientiststhey seem to specialize in destructiveness.They mess up the air and they mess up the seaand now they are messing up the rain forest.In the struggle for money, power and greatnessinnocent people end up oppressed.You have the horse races, the dog racesbut the human race is for more riches.But one thing they don't realize is this"material things don't bring happiness".If you want happiness start with yourselfput all your bad habits on the reject shelf.Then with a left, right, left, right, left, right, leftleft, right, left, right, left, right, left,left, right, left, right, left, right, leftyou keep on marching towards niceness!!!
Now I've told you before, so I tell you againwho Jah bless no man curse, who Jah curses no man bless.
Baby Come Back
Written by Eddy GrantAli Campbell, Pato Banton and Robin CampbellCollectionsTudo De Bom - Live In Brazil
Come back! Baby come back.Come back! Baby come back.
This is the first time until todaythat you have run away.I'm asking you for the first time babylove me enough to stay.Stay, stay, stay...
Bidi bibibibi, bidi bibibibi.I must admit I was a clown to be messing aroundbut that doesn't mean that you have to leave town.Come back! Yes and give me one more trycause a love like this should a never ever die.Come back! Yes with my color T. V.and my C. D. collection of Bob Marley.Come back! Yes with my bag of sensiand we can live together for eternity.
There ain't no use in you crying'cause I'm more hurt than you.I should a not been out flirtingbut now my love is true.True, true, true...
Come back!(every time me think of my Liza water come a me eye)Baby come back!Come back!(every time me think of my Liza water come a me eye)Baby come back!
But she gone and she not come backme beg her please pon my knees and she still never stop.
93
Ready she ready ehe and a gone she goneshe and the man with the removal van. Come on!
Come back baby don't you leave mebaby please don't go.Oh won't you give me a second chancebaby I love you so.Oh oh oh...
Come back woman!Come back Liza!Don't leave!Me crying man!Come back baby!Don't go!Bring back me C. D. collection!Bring back me sensi!Don't go and leave me like this!
94
DROGE I POPULARNA MUZIKA A-Z(Spisak se ne odnosi na pesme u kojima se spominje kanabis, vec sve
ilegalne droge)
A
• Aardvark: Put That In Your Pipe And Smoke It [LP] (1970) UK • Acapulco Gold: Ich törn lieber an (1980) D • Accept: Too High To Get It Right (199x) US • Acid Drinkers: Drug Dealer / Slow and Stoned (1994) PL • Adler, Larry: Smoking Reefers (1938) US • Aeronauten: Nicht lesen (1997) CH • Aerosmith: Reefer Head Woman (1979) US • Alice in Chains: Junkhead (1992) US • Alice in Chains: God Smack (1992) US • Alice in Chains: Chemical Addiction (199?) US • Alkaholiks: Mary Jane (1993) US • Amazone: Amphetamine (1994) D • Amboy Dukes & Ted Nugent: Lets get stoned (1968) US • Ambros, Wolfgang: Mädchen Marihuana (1990) A • Amon Düül 2: Castaneda da dream (1995) D • Ärzte: Lieber Tee (1993) D • Armstrong, Louis: Muggles (1928) US • Ashford & Simpson: Let's go get stoned (196?) US • Asleep At The Wheel: Am I High (19??) US • Association: Along Comes Mary (1965) US • Association: Windy (1967) US • Aswad: Just a little herb (1967) US • Audio Active (feat. Jim Sherman): free the Marijuana (199?) US • Axton, Hoyt: Snowblind Friend (1970) US
B
• Baja Jedd: Ganja Smokin' (19??) US • Baldwin & Leps: The Dealer (1971) US • Banton, Buju: Sinsemilla Prosecution (19??) US • Banton, Pato: Eyes are Bleed (1996) US • Barrington, Levy + Beenie Man: under mi Sensi (199?) US • Beastie Boys: Fight For Your Right To Party (1986) US • Beatles: Doctor Robert (1966) UK • Beatles: Tomorrow Never Knows (1966) UK • Beatles: Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds (1967) UK • Beatles: Magical Mystery Tour (0Der Film zum Trip) (1967) UK • Beatles: The Fool on the Hill (1967) UK • Beatles: I am the Walrus (1967) UK • Beatles: Strawberry Fields Forever (1967) UK • Beatles: Glass Onion (1968) UK • Sidney Bechet, Noobie Sissie's Swingers: Viper Mad (1938) US • Beck: Nightmare Hippy Girl (19??) US • Bernies Autobahn-Band: Wenn es Nacht ist in der Stadt D • Barney Bigard & Art Tatum: Sweet Marihuana Brown (1945) US • Biafra Jello: The Myth Is Real - Let's Eat (1990) US • Big Joe: Smoke Marijuana US • Big Sugar: Let Me Roll It ([1998]) US • Birthcontrol: No Drugs D • Black Crowes: Rainy Day Women #12 & 35 (1995) US • Black Crowes: Remedy (1992) US • Black Sabbath: Sweet Leaf (1971) UK
95
• Black Sabbath: Hand of Doom (19??) UK • Black Tiger: Wake Up Part V (1993) CH • Black Uhuru: Sinsemilla (1980) CH • Blackwater Surprise: Don't bogart that Joint (19??) US • Blind Melon: John Sinclair (1996) USA • Blind Melon: The Pusher (1996) USA • Bloomfield, Mike: Knockin' myself out (1993) US • Bloomfield, Mike: Junko Partner (1993) US • Blue Cheer: Oh pleasant hope (1971) US • Blue Cheer: Dope (1971) US • Blue Chieftains: Illegal Smile (1992) US • Blue Mountain: Mary Jane ([1998]) US • Blues Band: Green Stuff (1980) UK • Blues Traveler: I Want To Take You Higher (1995) US • Body Count: Street Lobotomy (199?) US • Böhse Onkelz: H (1995) D • Bongster: Harvest Time in the Country (2000) US • Ernst Born: s' offe Lied (1975) CH • Boston: Smokin' (1976) US • Bounty Killer: Smoke the Herb US • Brainticket: Cottonwoodhill CH • Brewer & Shipley: One Toke Over The Line (1971) US • Brown, Cleo: The Stuff is Here and It's Mellow (1935) US • Brown, James: King Heroin (1972) US • Browne, Jackson: Cocaine (1977) US • Willie Bryant and his Orchestra: A Viper's Moan (1935) US • Burning Incense: Get me high (1995) US • Burning Incense: Food, Fuel, Fiber & Paper (1995) US • Burning Incense: Hash Bash (1995) US • Burning Incense: Whippoorwill (1995) US • Burning Incense: Starlight Baby (1995) US • Burning Incense: The Prayer (1995) US • Burning Incense: Rose Bud (1995) US • Burning Incense: The Warning (1995) US • Burning Incense: Legalize Hemp (1995) US • Burning Incense: The Last Bird (1995) US • Burning Incense: One Last Chance (1995) US • Burning Incense: Delta 9 (1995) US • The Bushmen: Don't bogart that Joint (1992) US • Buster Bailey's Rhythm Busters: Light up (1938) US • The Byrds: Eight Miles High (1966) US • Byrne, David: Drugs (198?) UK
C
• C-Block: So Strung Out (1997) US • Ca-Quintet: Burie me in a marihuana field (1969) US • Cale, J.J.: Cocaine (1976) US • Cale, J.J.: Reality (1976) US • Cale, J.J.: Travelin' Light (1976) US • Cale, J.J.: Mama Don't (197?) US • Capital Letters: Smoking My Ganja (19??) US • Capitanio, Mario: Blaue Dunscht [Purple Haze] (1994) CH • Canned Heat: Amphetamine Annie (Speed Kills) (1968) US • Carroll, Jim: Lorraine (19??) US • Cats and the Fiddle: Killing Jive (1939) US • Charles, Ray: Let's go get stoned (1966) US • Cheap Trick: Cold Turkey (1995) US
96
• Cheech & Chong: Up in Smoke (1978) US • Cherney, Darryl: One Ton of Marijuana (1995) US • Chesnut, Vic: Weed (To The Rescue) ([1999]) US • Chicken Rice: Marie-Jane (199?) F • Chicken Shack, Jimmie's: High ([1998]) US • Chixdiggit: Hemp Hemp Hooray (199x) US • Christy, Tom: Marijuana Mountain (US, 199?) • Chrysalis: April grove (1968) US • Clapton, Eric: Cocaine (1977) UK • Clash: Koka Kola (1979) UK • Clash: Julie's In The Drug Squad (1979) UK • Clayton, Lee: A Little Cocaine (1978) US • Clinton, George: U.S Custom Coast Guard Dope Dog ([1999]) US • Cocker, Joe: High Time We Went (1971) UK • Cocker, Joe: Let's Go Get Stoned (1972) UK • Collectors: Grass and wild strawberries (1968) US • Colloway, Cab: The Reefer Man (1932) US • Colloway, Cab Orchestra: The Man from Harlem (1932) US • Colloway, Cab & his Cotton Club Orchestra: Kicking the Gong around (1933) US • Colloway, Cab & his Cotton Club Orchestra: Minnie the Moocher (1933) US • Commander Cody & His Lost Planet Airmen: Seed and Stems (1968) US • Cooder, Ry: Heroin (1993) US • Coolio: I'm in Love With Mary Jane (199?) US • Coolio: Smokin' Stix (1994) US • Cranberries: Salvation (1996) UK • Cream: I Feel Free (1967) UK • Creme De La Creme: Haschisch Kakalake (1999) D • Croce, Jim: Speedball Tucker (1972) US • Culture: International Herb (19xx) US • Cure: Heroin Face (19xx) US • Cure: Numb (19xx) US • Cypress Hill: Something for the Blunted (1992) US • Cypress Hill: I wanna get high (1993) US • Cypress Hill: Legalize it (1993) US • Cypress Hill: Hits from the bong (1993) US • Cypress Hill: I Wanna Get High (Live Version) (1993) US • Cypress Hill: Light Another (1993) US • Cypress Hill: Stoned Is the Way of the Walk (1991) US • Cypress Hill: Doctor Green Thumb (199?) US • Cypress Hill: Insane in the Membrane (199?) US • Cypress Hill & Sonic Youth: I Love You Mary Jane (1994) US
C
• C-Block: So Strung Out (1997) US • Ca-Quintet: Burie me in a marihuana field (1969) US • Cale, J.J.: Cocaine (1976) US • Cale, J.J.: Reality (1976) US • Cale, J.J.: Travelin' Light (1976) US • Cale, J.J.: Mama Don't (197?) US • Capital Letters: Smoking My Ganja (19??) US • Capitanio, Mario: Blaue Dunscht [Purple Haze] (1994) CH • Canned Heat: Amphetamine Annie (Speed Kills) (1968) US • Carroll, Jim: Lorraine (19??) US • Cats and the Fiddle: Killing Jive (1939) US • Charles, Ray: Let's go get stoned (1966) US • Cheap Trick: Cold Turkey (1995) US • Cheech & Chong: Up in Smoke (1978) US
97
• Cherney, Darryl: One Ton of Marijuana (1995) US • Chesnut, Vic: Weed (To The Rescue) ([1999]) US • Chicken Rice: Marie-Jane (199?) F • Chicken Shack, Jimmie's: High ([1998]) US • Chixdiggit: Hemp Hemp Hooray (199x) US • Christy, Tom: Marijuana Mountain (US, 199?) • Chrysalis: April grove (1968) US • Clapton, Eric: Cocaine (1977) UK • Clash: Koka Kola (1979) UK • Clash: Julie's In The Drug Squad (1979) UK • Clayton, Lee: A Little Cocaine (1978) US • Clinton, George: U.S Custom Coast Guard Dope Dog ([1999]) US • Cocker, Joe: High Time We Went (1971) UK • Cocker, Joe: Let's Go Get Stoned (1972) UK • Collectors: Grass and wild strawberries (1968) US • Colloway, Cab: The Reefer Man (1932) US • Colloway, Cab Orchestra: The Man from Harlem (1932) US • Colloway, Cab & his Cotton Club Orchestra: Kicking the Gong around (1933) US • Colloway, Cab & his Cotton Club Orchestra: Minnie the Moocher (1933) US • Commander Cody & His Lost Planet Airmen: Seed and Stems (1968) US • Cooder, Ry: Heroin (1993) US • Coolio: I'm in Love With Mary Jane (199?) US • Coolio: Smokin' Stix (1994) US • Cranberries: Salvation (1996) UK • Cream: I Feel Free (1967) UK • Creme De La Creme: Haschisch Kakalake (1999) D • Croce, Jim: Speedball Tucker (1972) US • Culture: International Herb (19xx) US • Cure: Heroin Face (19xx) US • Cure: Numb (19xx) US • Cypress Hill: Something for the Blunted (1992) US • Cypress Hill: I wanna get high (1993) US • Cypress Hill: Legalize it (1993) US • Cypress Hill: Hits from the bong (1993) US • Cypress Hill: I Wanna Get High (Live Version) (1993) US • Cypress Hill: Light Another (1993) US • Cypress Hill: Stoned Is the Way of the Walk (1991) US • Cypress Hill: Doctor Green Thumb (199?) US • Cypress Hill: Insane in the Membrane (199?) US • Cypress Hill & Sonic Youth: I Love You Mary Jane (1994) US
D
• Dada: I Get High (1996) US • Daddy Longlegs: High Again (1970) US • D'Angelo: Brown Sugar (1995) US • Dandy Warhols: Not If You Were The Last Junkie On Earth (19??) US • Dangerous Neighbors: Marijuana (199?) US • Danzer, Georg: Zehn kleine Fixer (1979) A • Danzer, Georg: Haschisch (1979) A • Dare: The D.A.R.E. Song (Präventionskampagne 199x) US • Darrow, Chris: Cocaine Lil US • Dash Rip Rock: Let's Go Smoke Some Pot (1995) US • Davis, Sammy Jr.: Candy Man (1961) US • Dead Milkmen: Junkie (19??) US • Dead Kennedys: Drug Me (19??) US • Del Amitri: Crashing Down (19??) US • Delmar, Axel / Oscar von Chelius: Haschisch (Oper, 1896) D
98
• Demone, Gitane fet. Dreadful Shadows: I Lost A Friend To Heroin (2000) • Destination: Opium Trail (1997) NOR • Destroy: Lethal Habits (19??) US • Diamond, Neil: The Pot Smoker's Song (1968) US • Dickens: Champagne & Reefer (1992) US • Didjits: The Man (1992) US • Dig: I'll stay high (1993) US • Dillinger: Cocaine (1986) US • Dillinger: Cocaine in my brain (198?) US • Dillinger: LSD (19??) US • Dillinger: Marijuana in my Brain (1986) US • Donovan Leitch: Candy Man (1965) UK • Donovan Leitch: Mellow Yellow (1967) UK • Donovan Leitch: Season Of The Witch (1966) UK • Donovan Leitch: The Trip (1966) UK • Donovan Leitch: Codine (1970) US • Doors: Break on Through (1967) US • Down: Hail the Leaf (199x) US • Dr. Dre: The Chronic (1993) US • Dr. Hook and the Medicine Show: Acapulco Goldie (1976) US • Dr. Hook and the Medicine Show: I Got Stoned And I Missed It (197?) US • Dr. John, The Night Tripper: The smoke of holy herbs (1969) US • Dr. John, The Night Tripper: If the pot get heavy (1971) US • Dr. Kalmoo: Wake Up Part II (1993) CH • Drax (Drax II / Drax Ltd.): Amphetamine (1996-2001) D • Drivin' N' Cryin': Too Rolling Stoned (1995) US • Dub Syndicate: Stoned Immaculate (199?) US • Dulfer, Hans: Red Red Libanon (197?) • Dupree, Champion Jack: Junker's Blues (1940) US • Dylan, Bob: Rainy day Woman (Everybody must get stoned) (1966) US
E
• Eek-a-Mouse: Ganja Smugglin (1966) US • Electric Shaman: It aint a crime (2000) CAN • End: Heroin (199?) US • Eve 6: Amphetamines (2000) US • Everclear: Heroin Girl (199x) US • Everclear: Amphetamine (1998) US • Everthing: Free To Choose ([1999]) US • Exit 13: Legalize Hemp Now! (1994 / 1995) US • Exit 13: 1'1 (Thirteen Inches of Fun) (1996) US • Exit 13: Hempcake (1996) US • Exit 13: If You're a Viper (Blissful Mix) (1996) US • Exit 13: If You're a Viper (Viper Mad Lilker Mix) (1996) US • Exit 13: Jack I'm Mellow (1996) US • Exit 13: Knockin' Myself Out (1996) US • Exit 13: Light Up! (1996) US • Exit 13: Loading Dock (bonus track) (1996) US • Exit 13: Lotus Blossom (Sweet Marijuana) (1996) US • Exit 13: Stoney Monday (1996) US • Exit 13: Sweet Marijuana Brown (1996) US • Exit 13: Weed (1996) US • Exit 13: When I Get Low, I Get High (1996) US • Extrabreit: Kokain (1982) D • Extrabreit: Heroin (1996) D • Extrabreit: Paul ist raus .. Paul ravet nicht mehr mit (1996)
99
F
• P.H. Factor: Merrywanna (19??) US • Marianne Faithfull: Sister Morphine (1969) UK • Falco: Ganz Wien (1982) A • Fastball: Charlie, the Methadone Man (1998) US • Fischhohl: La Mamma (Heroin) (1994) CH • Fischmob: Hasch un Rock (1995) D • Fischmob: Haschisch Opa (1998) D • Fitzgrald, Ella / Chick Webb: When I get low I get high (1936) US • Flaming Lips: Jesus Shootin' Heroin (1996) US • Flamingo, Hank: Dope Smokin' Song ([1998]) US • Flapjack: Mandatory Cocaine Song (1994) US • Foo Fighters: This is a call (Ritalin) (1996) US • Forgotten Rebels: Surfin' on Heroin (199?) US • Foote, Bea: Weed (1938) US • Fraternity of Man: Don't Bogart That Joint (1968) US • Freaky Fuckin Weirdoz: Plant some (1992) D • Freaky Fuckin Weirdoz: Marokko (1992) D • Freaky Fuckin Weirdoz: Love Dope (1992) D • Freaky Fuckin Weirdoz: Sticky Weed (1994) D • Fred, John & his Playboy Band: Mary Jane (1968) US • Fred Zeppelin: Lickin' Toads Again (19??) US • Freedom Of Expression: I Got Stoned And I Missed It (1992) US • Frenzal Rhomb: Methadone (1999) US • Frey, Glenn: The Smuggler's Blues (1984) US • Frogs: Which One Of You Gave My Daughter The Dope? US • From Good Homes: Long Haired Country Boy ([1998]) US • Fugees: Vocab (1994) US • Fugs: New Amphetamine Shriek (1966) US • Fugs: Hallucination Horrors (1966) US • Fugs: Marijuana (1968) US • Fugs: Turn In, Turn In, Drop Out (1968) US • Fun Lovin' Criminals: Smoje 'em ([1998]) US • Gang Starr: Take Two And Pass (1992) US • Garland Sisters: La Cucaracha (1936) US • Geier Sturzflug: Marihuana (199?) D • Gibson, Henry "The Hipster": Who Put the Benzedrine in Mrs. Murphy's Ovaltine (1944) US • Gillum, Jazz and his Jazz Boys: Reefer Head Woman (1938) US • Golden Earring: Eight miles heigh (1969) NL • Goldenen Zitronen, Die: Marihuana (1987) D • Golowin, Sergius: Lord Krishna von Goloka (1972) CH • Gong: Radio Gnome Invisible (1973) F • Gong: Flying Teapot (1973) F • Gong: Pot Head Pixies (1973) F • Gong: I've been stoned before / Wet Cheese Delirium (1971) F • Goodman, Benny / Krupa, Gene: Texas tea party (1933) US • Gov't Mule: Don't Step On The Grass, Sam (1995) US • Gov't Mule: 30 Days In The Hole ([1998]) US • Grandmaster Flash & Melle Mel: White Lines (19??) US • Grateful Dead: Candyman (19??) US • Green, Lil / Big Bill Broonzy: Knockin' myself out (1941) US • Grobschnitt: Mary Green (1981) D • Gruben, Tobias / Die Erde: Heroin (1996) D • Guerrero, Lalo: Marihuana Boogie (1979) US • Guerrillafinga: Pipe Dreamin' (2001) US • Guns 'n Roses: Mr. Brownstone (1989) US • Guru Guru: Der LSD-Marsch (1971) D
100
• Gus: Homegrown (1995) US
H
• Hagen, Nina Band: African Reggae (1979) D • Hagen, Nina: Herrmann hiess er (Herrmann ist High) (1979) D • Hagen, Nina: Smack Jack (1987) D • Hagen, Nina: Dope Sucks (1989) D • Merle Haggard: Okie from Muskogee (1967) US • Hair (Musical): Hashish (1969) US • Hair (Musical): Be-In (1969) US • Hagar, Sammy: The Yogi's so High (I'm stoned) (1997) US • Ham Fat Ham & The Harlem Hamfats: Weed Smokers Dream (1936) US • Happinessclub: Don'T Take Harmful Drugs (199?) US • Hapshash & the coloured cat: Human Host (LSD Oper) (1968) UK • Hapshash & the coloured cat: Western Flier (1969) UK • Harlan Lattimore, Sidney deParis: Reefer Man (1932) US • Harlem Underground Band: Smokin' Cheeba Cheeba (1976) US • Hartford, John with The Dillards: Two Hits & the Joint Turned Brown (19??) US • Hash: Mary I Wanna (1993) US • Hate Plow: Crackdown (199?) US • Hater: Convicted (1995) US • Hawkwind: Hash Cake (ca. 1974) UK • Hawkwind: Reefer Madness (1976) UK • Hawkwind: Hassan I Sabba (1977) UK • Helloween: Step Out of Hell (19??) US • Hendrix, Jimi: Purple Haze (196x) US • Hennings, Sonny: Schwarze Nacht Nr.2 (1971) D • Hennings, Sonny: Pik As (1971) D • High Fidelity: Smokin' Cheeba Cheeba (1995) UK • Hofer, Polo / Schmetterding: Mary Jane (1982) CH • Hofer, Polo / Schmetterding: Illegale Züüg (1982) CH • Hofer, Polo / Rumpelstilz: Silbernadle (1977) CH • Hofer, Polo / Rumpelstilz: Schwoofe uf dr Schtrass (1977) CH • Hofer, Polo / Schmetterding: Mischler Mone (1979) CH • Hofer, Polo / Rumpelstilz: POTburri (1974) CH • Hofer, Polo / Rumpelstilz: Vogelfuetter-Song (1974) CH • Hofer, Polo / Schmetterding: Wältschmärz - Reggae (1978) CH • Hofer, Polo / Rumpelstilz: I wett 'chly Grüene.. (1976) CH • Hofer, Polo: Kiffer (1997) CH • Hogeye Bill: Every Dead Narc is One Small Step for Freedom (19??) US • Hogeye Bill: Stoned Song (19??) US • Hogeye Bill: The Joint Beats the Jigger (19??) US • Holt, John: Police in Helicopters (1976) US • Holy Modal Rounders: Cocaine Blues (1967) US • Holy Modal Rounders: The STP Song (1968) US • Hot Tuna/ Jorma Kaukonen: Junkies on Angel Dust (198x) US • Howard, Bob & his Boys: If you're a viper (1938) US • Human Rights (Hudson Brothers): Who's Got The Herb? (1991) US • Hurriganes: Mary Jane (19xx) US
I
• Idol, Billy: Heroin (1993) UK • Idol, Billy: Trouble with the Sweet Stuff (1990) UK • Ihre Kinder: Weisser Schnee, schwarze Nacht (1970) D • Incredible String Band: Chinese White (1967) UK • Inner Circle: Mary Mary (1992) US
101
• Isis: Cocaine Elaine US
IJ
• Jackson, Frankie "Half-Pint": Willie the Weeper (1927) US • Jackson, Michael: Morphine (19??) US • Jaison, Jeff: Freindly Neghborhood Narco Agent (19??) US • James: Lambsbread Collie (19??) US • James, Rick: Mary Jane (1978) US • Jansch, Bert: Needle of Death (198?) UK • Jefferson Airplane: Surrealistic Pillow [LP] (1967) US • Jefferson Airplane: Long John Silver [LP] (1972) US • Jefferson Airplane: White Rabbit (1967) US • Jefferson Airplane: 3/5 Of A Mile In Ten Seconds (1967) US • Cee Pee Johnson & Band: The G-Man got the T-Man (1945) US • Joint Venture: Haschisch rauchen macht harmlos (1995) D • Joint Venture: Libanese (1996) D • Joint Venture: Hank starb an 'ner überdosis Hasch (1996) D • Joint Venture: Ausgeglichnes Konto macht dich glücklicher als Joints (199?) D • Joint Venture: Irgendwann werd ich es lassen (199?) D • Joint Venture: Eduard, der Haschischhund (199?) D • Joint Venture: Geschenktes Gras (1999) D • Joint Venture: Das Glas (199?) D • Joint Venture: Der Vaporizer (199?) D • Joint Venture: Der Esel (1996) D • Jones, Curtis: Reefer Hound Blues (1938) US • Jones, Freddy Band: Light Up Or Leave Me Alone ([1998]) US • Jones, Richard M. and his Jazz Wizards: Blue Reefer Blues (1935) US • Jordan, Luke: Cocaine (193?) US • JSone: Wake Up Part III (1993) CH • Jump little children: Opium (1999) US • Justice, Dick: Cocaine (19??) US
K
• Kaa, Vera: White Line Fever (1981) CH • Kassierer, Die: Haschisch aus Amsterdam (1998) D • Kinderschmerzen: Dirty Needle (199?) D • Kinderzimmer Productions: Marihuana (1995) D • Kirk, Andy and His Twelve Clouds of Joy: All The Jive Is Gone (1936) US • Klenowski, N.G.: Haschisch (Ballett 1885) D • Kottonmouth Kings: Bong Tokin' Alcoholics (1998) US • Kottonmouth Kings: Coffee Shop (2000) US • Kottonmouth Kings: Face Facts (2000) US • Kottonmouth Kings: First Class (2000) US • Kottonmouth Kings: Good as Gold (2000) US • Kottonmouth Kings: Kings Blend (Cannabis Cup) (2000) US • Kottonmouth Kings: Old (Go High) (1999) US • Kottonmouth Kings: Peace Not Greed (2000) US • Kottonmouth Kings: Psychedelic Funk (1998) US • Kottonmouth Kings: Roll it up (1999) US • Kottonmouth Kings: So High (1998) US • Kottonmouth Kings: The Joint (2000) US • Kramer, Wayne: If You're A Viper ([1998]) US • Kravitz, Lenny: When the Morning Turns To Night (1991) US • Kristofferson, Kris: Billy Dee (1971) US • Krokodil: Billy Dee (1973) CH • Krupa, Gene and his Orchestra: I'm Feeling High and Happy (1938) US
102
L
• Landau, James: Hey, Marijuana! (19??) US • Leakh: Amphetamine (2000) • Leary, Timothy: Seven Up (1972) D/CH • Ledbelly: Take a Whiff on me (1934) US • Baron Lee & the Blue Rhythm Band: Reefer Man (1932) US • Julia Lee & her Boy Friends: Lotus Blossom (Sweet Marijuana) (1947) US • Julia Lee & her boyfriends: The spinach song (1947) US • Legler, Betty: Heroin (1995) CH • Lennon, John / Plastic Ono: Cold Turkey (1970) US • Lennon, John: John Sinclair (1972) US • Lennon, John / Yoko Ono: Sometime in New York City (LP, 1972) US • Lennon, John / Yoko Ono: New York City (1972) US • Letters To Cleo: Let's Get High ([1998]) US • Levy, Barrington & Beenie Man: Under My Sensi (1996) US • Levy, Barrington: Gimme the Grass (1996) US • Lietha-Lässer Band: Schwarzi Bluama (1983) CH • Lietha-Lässer Band: O Ofa, o Ofa (1983) CH • Life of Agony: Heroin Dreams (1997) US • Lindenberg, Udo: Schneewittchen (1977) D • Lindenberg, Udo: Kosmostrip (19xx) D • Lindenberg, Udo: Riskante Spiele (1996) D • Lindenberg, Udo: Süsse Sucht (1993) D • Lise Schlatt: Flipi Tripi (1974) CH • Little Feat: Don't bogart that Joint (1978) US • Living Colour: Hemp (1993) US • Livingston, Carlton: 100 Weight of Collie Weed (1996) US • Lö Schamal: Mario und Adrian (1995) D • Long Beach Dub All Stars: Under My Sensi ([Hempilation 1998]) US • L.B. / D.P.: Peyote Song (199?) US • Lords Of Acid: Marijuana in Your Brain (199?) B • Lords of Acid: LSD = Truth (199?) US • Love Hate: Mary Jane (199?) US • Luana: Wake Up Part I / Wake Up Part IV (1993) CH • Lucky and the Hot Dice: Jack I'm mellow (1992 [1938]) US • Lungbrush: Heroin Suicide (1999) US • Luniz: I Got 5 On It (199?) US • Lurkers: Heroin It's All over (1995) UK • Lynyrd Skynyrd: That Smell (1977) US • Lynyrd Skynyrd: Needle And The Spoon (1997) US • Lyrical Poetry: Vom Teufel besessen (1996) D
M
• McCartney, Paul & Wings: Hi, Hi, Hi (1972) UK • McCartney, Paul: Let Me Roll It (197?) UK • McCartney, Paul & Wings: Medicine Jar (1975) UK • McCaughey, Scott & Stumpy Joe: Panama Red (1992) US • McDonald, Joe: Dr. Hip (1974) US • McDonald, Joe (Country Joe & the Fish): Marijuana (1970) US • McDonald, Joe (Country Joe & the Fish): Flying High (1967) US • McDonald, Joe (Country Joe & the Fish): Bass Strings (1967) US • McDonald, Joe (Country Joe & the Fish): Acid Commercial (1967) US • McDonald, Joe (Country Joe & the Fish): LSD (196?) US • Macka B.: Legalize The Herb (19??) US • Mad River: Amphetamine Gazelle (1968) UK • Mad River: High All the Time (196?) UK
103
• Magic Dirt: Heroin (1992) AU • Malente: I Sell Marihuana (2001) • Malvo, Anthony & Josey Wales: Sensi (19??) US • Man: Bananas (1972) UK • Man: Keep On Crinting (1972) UK • Manfred Mann: LSD (1965) UK • Manhattan Transfer: Java Jive (1971) US • Manhattan Transfer: You'Se A Viper (1971) US • Manic Street Preachers: Drug Drug Druggy (1993) US • Manic Street Preachers: Methadone Pretty (1992) US • Marcy Playground: Opium (19??) US • Marillion: He Knows You Know (1983) UK • Marley, Bob & the Wailers: Easy Shanking (19xx) US • Marley, Bob: Kaya (1978) US • Marley, Rita: One Draw (1981) US • Marley, Ziggy & Melody Makers: In The Flow (1995) US • Martin, John: Cocain (1969) UK • Marilyn Manson: I don't like the drugs (they like me) (1999) US • Marilyn Manson: The Dope Show (1999) US • Marriott, Steve / The Next Band: 30 Days in the hole UK • Mayall, John: The Laws must change (1969) UK • Mayall, John: Accidental Suicide (1971) UK • Mayall, John: The Pusher Man (1974) UK • Mayfield, Curtis: Freddie's Dead (19xx) US • Mayfield, Curtis: Stoned Junkie (19xx) US • MC5: Skunk (1971) US • Megadeth: Mary Jane (199x) US • Memphis Jug Band: Cocaine Habit Blues (1930) US • Method Man & Redman: How High (199x) US • Meyers, Hazel: Pipe Dream Blues (193?) • Mezzrow, Mezz: Sendin' the vipers (1934) US • Mighty Diamonds: Pass The Kutchie (19??) US • Miller, Jacob: Tired Fe Lick Weed In a Bush (19??) US • Miller, Roger: Chug-A-Lug (19??) US • Miller, Steve Band: The Joker (1977) US • Mondo Generator: Cocaine Rodeo (2000) US • Moody Blues: Legend Of A Mind (Timothy Leary) (1968) UK • Moonflowers: It's Dub Time (199?) UK • Moonspell: Opium (19??) US • Moore, Ian: Champagne & Reefer (1995) US • Morrison, Van: And It Stoned Me (1970) UK • Motley Crue: Dr. Feelgood (1989) US • Motley Crue: Smoke the Sky (1994) US • Mount Rushmore: Dope song (1968) US • Move: I Can Hear The Grass Grow(196?) UK • Moxy Fruvous: Ash Hash US (1994) • Mr. Big: 30 Days in the hole US (1989) • Mr. Big: 30 Days in the hole (Live Version) US (1992) • Murphy's Law: Big Spliff (1990) US • Murphy's Law: Reefer Man (1992 [1932]) US • Murvin, Junior: Bad Weed (19??) US • Musical Youth: Pass the Dutchie (1982) US
N
• Napalm Death: Mindsnare (1990) US • Nelson, Willie: Me And Paul ([1999]) US • New Duncan Imperials: Seed and Stems (1992) US
104
• New Riders of the Purple Sage: Panama Red (1973) US • Newman Randy: Rollin' (19??) US • Newton, Frankie and his Uptown Serenaders: The Onyx Hop (1937) US • Nice & Smooth: Blunts (1994) US • Nids: High Class High (1987) US • Nixon, Mojo: Legalise It (19??) US • Moho Nixon & the Toadliquors: I like Marihuana (1992 [1969]) US • NoFX: Drug Free America (1989) US • NoFX: Drugs Are Good (1992) US • NoFX: Kids Off The K-Hole (1997) US • NoNo: The No No Song (19xx) US • NRBQ: Wacky Tabaky (19xx) US • NRBQ: Everybody's Smokin' (19xx) US • Nuts Can Surf: Jenny Tries Cocaine (1996) US • Laura Nyro: Stoned Soul Picnic (1968) US
O
• Ben Oakland and Milton Drake: Java Jive (193?) US • Ochs, Phil: Small Circle Of Friends (1968) US • Offspring: What happened to you? (199?) US • One Drop Plus: Kaya (1992) US
P
• Palma, Triston: Couchie (19??) US • Panama Limited Jug Band: Cocaine Habit (1968) UK • Patto: Magic Door (1971) UK • Paxton, Tom: Talking Vietnam Pot-Luck Blues (1968) US • Pearse, John: Cocaine UK • Peel, David: The Pope Smokes Dope (1972) US • Peel, David: Everybody's smoking Marijuana (1972) US • Peel, David: Legalize Marijuana (1967-1972) US • Peel, David: I like Marihuana (1969) US • Peel, David: I've got some grass (1969) US • Peel, David: Show me the way to get stoned (1969) US • Peel, David: I want to get high (1969) US • Peel, David & 360'S: I Like Marijuana (1995) US • Peel, David: The Hippie from New York City (1972) US • Peter, Paul & Mary: Puff (1963) US • Petty, Tom: Girl on LSD (1994) US • Pfaff Family Dog: Two Hits & the Joint Turned Brown (1992) US • Pharsyde: Pack the Pipe (1992) UK • Pharsyde: Splattitorium (1995) UK • Pods: Daydream Green (19??) US • Pogues: Smell of Petroleum (1993) US • Pop Staples: Miss Cocaine (19??) US • Pretty Things: L.S.D. (1965) UK • Price, Sam: Do You Dig My Jive (1941) US • Primitive Lyrics: Dr' Dani vo Glattbrugg (1996) CH • Primitive Lyrics: Chorus zum Vorus (1997) CH • Prince: Sign of the Times (1986) US • Prine, John: Sam Stone (a hole in daddys arm) (1971) US • Prine, John: Illegal Smile (197?) US
105
Q
• Qenga: Heroin (1997) US • Queensryche: The Needle Lies (19??) US • Quicksilver: Fresh Air (19??) US
R
• Die Rächer: Gibb'n Pickel (199?) D • Die Rächer: Kokain (199?) D • Raggasonic: Légalisez La Ganja (1995) F • Raging Slab: Pot Head Pixies (1995) US • Rainmakers: One Toke Over The Line ([1998]) US • Rainy Daze: That Acapulco Gold (1967) US • Rammstein: Kokain (1997) D • Rancid: Dope Sick Girl (1994) D • Ranking Dread: Marijuana in my soul (2001 ?) • Ranks, Nardo: Sensimilla is great (199?) US • Rausch: Get Stoned (1991) D • Red, Tampa / Blind John Davis: I'm gonna get high (1937) US • Red Dragon: Light My Spliff (19??) US • Redman: How To Roll A Blunt (1992) US • Don Redman and His Orchestra: Reefer Man (1932) US • Reed, Lou: The Last Shot (19??) US • Renggli-Waser-Hauser: Platzspitz-Blues (1991) CH • Righteous Pigs: Overdose (19??) US • Rogers, Ernest: Willie, The Chimney Sweeper (1927) US • Rolling Stones: Mothers little helper (1966) UK • Rolling Stones: Their Satanic Majesties Request (LP, 1967) UK • Rolling Stones: Sister Morphine (1971) UK • Rolling Stones: Sticky Fingers (LP, 1971) UK • Ronstadt, Linda: Carmelita (1971) US • The Roots: Proceed (1994) US • Roxy Music: Eight miles high (1980) US • Rush: A Passage to Bangkok (1976) US • Rush, Tom: Cocaine (1965) US
S
• Sacred Reich: Sweet Leaf (1994) US • Buffy Sainte Marie: Cod'ine (Codeine) (1970) US • Saint Saens, Camille / Armand Renaud: Tournoiement (Delirium) (1870) F • Sauce: Dental Chair (And it's fun to smoke marijuana) (199?) US • Savoy Brown: Needle and Spoon (1970) UK • D' Schmier: Eglisee (1997) CH • Schröders Roadshow: Speed (1982) D • Schröders Roadshow: Fette Ratten (1980) D • Schröders Roadshow: Türkis (1977) D • Scream: Loaded (1991) US • Screamin' Cheetah Wheelies: High Time We Went (1995) US • Screeching Weasel: Cindy's on Methadone (19xx) US • Serpent Power: Dope again (1967) US • Shnytsel Fryts: Polizischt Müller (1981) CH • Michelle Shocked: Shaking hands (19xx) US • Silverchair: Pop Song For Us Rejects (199x) US • Silverstein, Shel: The Worlds Greatest Smoke Off (19xx) US • Silverstein, Shel: I Got Stoned And I Missed It (19??) US • Sisters of Mercy: Amphetamine Logic (19xx) US
106
• Sleep: Me Druid Takes Some Grass (1992) US • Sluggy + Tuffest: So Many Spliff (199?) US • Sly & The Family Stone: I Want To Take You Higher (1969) US • Small Faces: Here Comes The Nice (1969) UK • Small Faces: Itchycoo Park (1969) UK • Smash Mouth: Stoned (1999) US • Smith, Bessie: Gimme a Reefer (Gimme a Pigfoot) (1933) US • Smith, Stuff & his Onyx Club Boys: If you're a viper (1936) • Stuff Smith: Here comes the man with the jive (1936) US • Smith, Trixie and Sidney Bechet: Jack I'm mellow (1938) US • Smoke: My friend Jack (1966) UK • Snoop Doggy Dog: Gin and Juice (1993) US • Söllner, Hans: Für mein Papa (Marihuanabam) (199?) D • Söllner, Hans: I rauch ned weils vabotn is (199?) D • Söllner, Hans: Marijuhana für'n Herrn Zimmermann (199?) D • Söllner, Hans: Marijuana Buam (1991) D • Sonic Youth: I Love You Mary Jane (199?) US • Space Cowboys: Stoned Out Of My Mind (1992) D • Sparhead: The Joker (1999) US • Spivey, Victoria & Lonnie Johnson: Dope Head Blues (1927) US • Spliff: Disco-Kaine (1980) D • Spliff: Stoned Airlines (1980) D • Stafford, Jim: Wildwood Weed (1982) US • Starr, Ringo: No No Song (19??) UK • Steel Pulse: Macka Splaff (19??) UK • Steppenwolf: The Pusher (1967) US • Steppenwolf: Don't Step On The Grass, Sam (1968) US • Steppenwolf: Snowblind Friend (1970) US • Storm Orphans: Sweet Leaf (1992) US • Strange Cowboy: Drugs (1998) UK • Subhumans: Drugs of Youth (1981) US • Sublime: Get Ready (199?) US • Sublime: Legalize It (1995) US • Sublime: Smoke Two Joints (199x) US • Sublime: Let's Go Get Stoned (199x) US • Swingin' Hemphills: Demons Edge (1998) US • Swingin' Hemphills: The Emperor (1996) US • Swingin' Hemphills: Time (1998) US
T
• Tangerine Dream: Lady Greengrass (19xx) D • Taylor, Allan: Jimmy's Song (1988) UK • Taylor, Freddy and his Swing Men from Harlem: Blue Drag (1935) US • Taylor, James: Mescalito (1972) US • Taylor, James: Fire and Rain (1970) US • Taylor, James: Junkie's Lament (19??) US • Taylor, Yack: Knockin' myself out (1941) US • Tea For Two: Cocaine Tango (1990) CH • Technohead: I Wanna be a Hippy (1995) UK • Ten Years After: Going to try (1969) UK • Ten Years After: Stoned Woman (1969) UK • Ten Years After: Over the Hill (19??) UK • Tesla: Mother's Little Helper (1990) US • Tesla: Tommy's Down Home (1990) US • Thin Lizzy: Opium Trail (1976) US • This Mortal Coil: Drugs (1986) UK • Thompson, Linval: I Love Marijuana (19??) US
107
• 311 (Three-Eleven): Who's Got The Herb? (1995) US • 311 (Three-Eleven): Nutsymptom (1995) US • Tic Tac Toe: Warum? (1997) D • Tone Loc: Cheeba Cheeba (1989) US • Too Short: City of Dope (1989) US • Tool: Die Eier von Satan / The eggs of Satan (199?) US • Tool: H (199?) US • Tool: Opiate (199?) US • Tool: The Gaping Lotus Experience (199?) US • Tosh, Peter: Legalize It! (1976) US • Tosh, Peter: Igziabeher [let Jah be praised] (1975) US • Die Toten Hosen: Gute Reise (1995) D • Toyes: Smoke Two Joints (1983) UK • Traffic: Dealer (1968) UK • Traffic: Light Up Or Leave Me Alone (1968) UK • Traffic: 30 Days In The Hole (1968) UK • The Tribe: Hashish (19??) UK • Trickster: Ganja George (199?) UK • Troggs: Night Of The Long Grass (196?) UK • Trope: Amphetamine (1994) D • Trouble: Opium-Eater (1995) US • Trudell, John: The Needle (19??) US • Tsitsanis: Die Morgenkühle (1944) UK • Tubes: White Punks On Dope (1977) US
U
• U Roy: Chalice in the Palace (19??) US • U Roy: Studio Kinda Cloudy (19??) US • UB40: Legalise It! (1998) UK • UB40: Reefer Madness (1983) UK • Urh: Katt (19??) JE • Uncle Dave Bacon & Toxic Pig Fuck: Roll another number (1992 [1975]) US
V
• Van Kooten & De Bie: Stoont als een Garnaal (197?) NL • Velvet Acid Christ: Fun with drugs (1999) US • Velvet Acid Christ: Speedball O.D. (1999) US • Velvet Underground / Lou Reed: Heroin (1967) US • Velvet Underground / Lou Reed: Waiting for my man (1967) US • Verve: The Drugs Don't Work (1998) • Vibrators: Amphetamine Blue (1984) UK • Virus: King Heroin (1971) D • Volldampf: Marihuana (1999) D • Vomit, Vicki & die Creutzfeld-Jacob-Sisters: Oma ist wieder auf Droge (199?) D
W
• Wader, Hannes: Kokain (Cocaine Blues) (197?) D • Wainright, Loudon III: Red Guitar (19??) US • Wainright, Loudon III: Heaven and Mud (19??) US • Waits, Tom: Crossroads (19??) US • Wales, Josey & Anthony Malvo: Sensi (199?) US • Wales, Josey: Stalk of Sensimillia (199?) US • Waller, Fats: The Joint is Jumpin' (194?) US
108
• Waller, Fats: The Reefer Song (1943) US • Waller, Fats: Vipers drag (1943) US • Walton, Lorrain: If you're a viper (1938) US • Washington, Buck: Save the roach for me (1944) US • Wasted Youth: We Were On Heroin (1990) US • Watt, Mike: Sidemousin' The Bong ([1999]) US • Waters, Muddy: Champagne & Reefer (1981) US • Webb, Chick and His Orchestra w/Ella Fitzgerald: Wacky Dust (1938) US • Werding, Juliane: Am Tag als Conny Kramer starb (197?) D • White, Georgia: The stuff is here (1937) US • Widespread Panic: And It Stoned Me (1995) US • Widespread Panic: Sweet Leaf (199?) US • Widespread Panic: Impossible (199?) US • Widespread Panic: Travelin' Light (199?) US • Williams, Clarence and His Washboard Band: Jerry the Junker (1934) US • Williams, Cootie / Jerry Kruger: Ol' man river (Smoke a Little Tea) (1938) US • Williams, Dar: Play the Greed ([1999]) US • Winchester, Jesse: Twigs and Seeds (19??) US • Witchfinder General: Free Country (1982) US • Witthüser & Westrupp: Trips und Träume [LP] (1971) D • Witthüser & Westrupp: Auf der Suche.. (Orienta) (1971) D • Witthüser & Westrupp: Nimm einen Joint (1971) D • Witthüser & Westrupp: Der Jesus Pilz [LP] (1971) D • Wittlin, Housi: Polizei (1988) CH • Wolfsheim: Heroin, She Said (1999) D
Y
• Young Mc: Just Say No (199?) US • Neil Young: The needle and the damage done (1972) US • Neil Young: Homegrown (1975) US • Neil Young & The Restless: Cocaine Eyes (1989) US • Neil Young & Crazy Horse: Tonight's the Night (1975) US • Neil Young & The Restless: On Broadway (1989) US • Neil Young & Crazy Horse: Roll another number (1975) US
Z
• Zappa Frank: Cocaine Decisions (19??) US • Zentrifugal: Heroin (1996) D
109
KANABIS MUZIČKI VREMEPLOV
Izvor:www.ukcia.org/potculture/references/record3.html
1910 - 1964
TRAD La Cucaracha "La cucaracha ya no puede caminar, porque no tiene marihuana por fumar" = "The cockroach can't walk anymore, because he doesn't have any marihuana to smoke".
1927 Willie the Weeper - Frankie 'Half Pint' Jaxon A ribald vaudeville star and female impersonator, Frankie's recordings were wild and laden with innuendo. In the earliest known reefer song - the lyric of which Cab Calloway copied for Minnie the Moocher - Jaxon's accompanied only by piano and washboard, as heard on Viper Mad Blues. Reefer Songs includes a contemporaneous version called Willie, The Chimney Sweeperby Ernest Rodgers, who also performed it as Willie the Street Sweeper. Lyric. Download mp3 of Ernest Rodgers.
1929 Muggles (Instrumental) - Louis Armstrong Recorded with pianist Earl 'Fatha' Hines in Chicago on December 7, 1928, Satchmo's best known reefer tune is a warm, lilting blues instrumental that passes the melody round like a joint. The piano lights it up with a flame-like ripple, the trombone tokes, hands it to the clarinet, and then to Pops trumpet. There's a pause and Satch hits an upward gliss as the herb kicks in. The tempo takes off and Pops wails. Real Audio @ redhotjazz.com
1930
1932 Reefer Man - Cab Calloway & his Orchestra Also covered by Don Redman & his Orchestra - as heard on Reefer Songs - and by Baron Lee & the Blue Rhythm Band, which version appears on Viper Mad Blues. Lyric. Download mp3 of Don Redman.
November, 1932 The Man From Harlem - Cab Calloway & his Orchestra Features on the Reefer Songs collection: "I've got just what you need. Come on, sisters, light up on these weeds and get high and forget about everything". Lyric. Download mp3.
1933 Minnie The Moocher - Cab Calloway & his Cotton Club Orchestra The flamboyant swinger's theme song features on the Reefer Songs CD, but if you check the lyric, it's almost certainly not about pot, but opium, as is made clearer in a contemporaneous, Minnie-related song that's included on Viper Mad Blues, Kicking the Gong Around. Download mp3.
1933 Texas Tea Party - Benny Goodman & his Orchestra with Charlie & Jack Teagarden As heard on Reefer Songs. Download mp3.
1933 Gimme a Reefer - Bessie Smith Entitled Gimme A Pigsfoot when released as OKeh 8949, with only one sly mention of reefer slipped into the final chorus so that slower folks would catch on that Bessie' wasn't wailing 'bout no pork. Lyric.
1934 A Viper's Drag (Instrumental) - Fats Waller The creation of Fats' Rhythm group and their first recordings for the Victor label on 16 May 1934 marked a swinging new trend in jazz; this tune was recorded in New York on November 16. Real Audio @ redhotjazz.com
1934 Sendin' the Vipers (Instrumental) - Mezz Mezzrow & his Orchestra With Willie 'the Lion' Smith on piano and Chick Webb on drums.
110
1934 Song Of The Vipers - Louis Armstrong Recorded in Paris with a band of French musicians, Pops scats through the first part of the tune, which ends with a wailing horn solo. Pulled from the stores when the record company cottoned on to its meaning, it took decades for this gem to be reissued in the US.
1934 Jerry the Junker - Clarence Williams and His Washboard Band Features on Reefer Songs. Download mp3
1935 Blue Reefer Blues (Instrumental) - Richard M. Jones & his Jazz WizardsIncluded on Viper Mad Blues.
1935 Blue Drag - Freddy Taylor & his Swing Men from Harlem.Included on Viper Mad Blues.
1935 A Viper's Moan - Willie Bryant & his Orchestra An instrumental with ad lib crosstalk that's included on Viper Mad Blues.
1935 Anybody Here Want to Buy My Cabbage? - Lil Johnson "Now, I've got good cabbage, ain't no mustard greens / I raised my sprouts down in New Orleans... Now, I've got good cabbage, smelling mighty sweet / I carry my cabbage to Thirty-fifth Street... Now, my cabbage is mighty good / The best old cabbage in the neighborhood. / Is there anybody here want to buy my cabbage? / Just holler hey-hey!" Lyric.
1936 You'se a Viper - Stuff Smith & his Onyx Club Boys "Dreamt about a reefer / Five feet long / Mighty Mezz, but not too strong / You'll be high, but not for long / If youse a viper..." Originally recorded by the King of the Swing violin, Stuff Smith, as featured on Viper Mad Blues, the version included on Reefer Songs is by Bob Howard and His Boys, from 1938. Fats Waller recorded a version he called The Reefer Song in 1943 (qv). Most recently, Wayne Kramer of the MC5 gives it loads on NORML's Hempilation 2: Free The Weed. Lyric. Download mp3 of Bob Howard.
1936 Here Comes The Man With Jive - Stuff Smith And His Onyx Club Boys An early celebration in song of the kindly neighbourhood drug dealer that features on the Reefer Songs collection. Download mp3.
1936 When I Get Low, I Get High - Ella Fitzgerald with Chuck Webb & his Orchestra Included on Viper Mad Blues, the same team were also responsible for Wacky Dust in 1938, which song features on Reefer Songs even though it's pretty obviously about cocaine. Download mp3 of Wacky Dust
1936 The Weed Smoker's Dream (Why Don't You Do Right?) - The Harlem Hamfats Included on the Reefer Songs CD. Download mp3.
1936 All The Jive is Gone - Andy Kirk & his Twelve Clouds of Joy As heard on the Reefer Songs compilation: "All the jive is gone! / All the jive is gone! / What an awful fix, can't get my kicks / 'Cause all the jive is gone!" Lyric. Download mp3.
1937 The Stuff Is Here - Georgia White Included on Reefer Songs. Download mp3.
1937 The Onyx Hop - Frankie Newton & his Uptown SerenadersIncluded on Viper Mad Blues.
111
March, 1938 That Cat is High - The Ink Spots This seminal vocal harmony groups' Viper Era classic was covered by Manhattan Transfer and is included on their anthology, Down in Birdland.
1938 Jack,I'm Mellow - Trixie Smith Included on Reefer Songs. Download mp3.
1938 Light Up - Buster Bailey's Rhythm Busters Included on Reefer Songs. Download mp3.
1938 Spinach Song - Julia Lee Lyric. Download mp3.
1938 Viper Mad - Sidney Bechet with Noble Sissle's Swingsters The New Orleans legend who introduced the soprano saxophone as a jazz instrument in the 1920s, Sidney Bechet roped in Sissle's vipers to sing: "Wrap your chops 'round this stick of tea / Blow this gage and get high with me / Good tea is my weakness, I know it's bad / It sends me gate and I can't wait, I'm viper mad." It's included on Reefer Songs and features on the soundtrack to Woody Allen's movie, Sweet & Lowdown . Download mp3.
1938 Reefer Head Woman - Jazz Gillum & his Jazz Boys Featuring Big Bill Broonzy on guitar and Washboard Sam on - er - washboard: "I got a Reefer Headed Woman / She fell right down from the sky (good Lord) / I got a Reefer Headed Woman / She fell right down from the sky... Lord, I gots to drink me two fifths of whiskey / Just to get half as high." The original's included on Viper Mad Blues; Aerosmith performed a version on their 1979 album, Night In The Ruts. Lyric.
1938 Reefer Hound Blues - Curtis JonesIncluded on Viper Mad Blues.
1938 Ol' Man River (Smoke A Little Tea) - Duke Ellington Sir Duke changed the lyric 'get a little drunk' to 'smoke a little tea' on this version, which is similar to that by Cootie Williams & His Rug Cutters on Viper Mad Blues.
1938 Smoking Reefers - Larry Adler Adler died in August, 2001, at the age of 87; this tune is included on Viper Mad Blues
1938 I'm Feeling High and Happy - Gene Krupa & his OrchestraIncluded on Viper Mad Blues.
1938 Weed - Bea Foote Included on Reefer Songs. Download mp3.
1939 Killing Jive - The Cats & the Fiddle Jive = tea = gage = ganja: "you start laughing and you can't stop". Included on Viper Mad Blues.
1940
1940 Junker's Blues - Champion Jack Dupree Possibly not about pot, but junk? It's included on Viper Mad Blues
1941 Knocking Myself Out - Lil Green Featuring Big Bill Broonzy on guitar, this song appears on both the Reefer Songs collection and Viper Mad Blues: "Listen girls and boys I got one stick / Give me a match and let me take a whiff quick / I'm gonna knock myself out, I'm gonna kill myself / I'm gonna knock myself out, gradually, by degrees." Lyric. Download mp3.
112
1943 The Reefer Song - Fats Waller This version of If You'se A Viper, with slightly altered lyric, ad lib cross talk and hissing viper sounds, was among the last recordings Fats made, months before his death. It's included on both Reefer Songs and Viper Mad Blues and also on an album called Last Testament (Drive Archive), along with a song called This Is So Nice It Must Be Illegal. Download mp3.
1944 Save the Roach For Me - Buck Washington Included on Reefer Songs. Download mp3
1944 Santa's Secret - Johnny Guarnieri with Slam StewartThe parting song on the legendary Savoy Jazz Christmas Album, Christmas Blues (SV-0241) is this tribute to the recently deceased Fats Waller, in which Santa's a viper!
1945 Sweet Marijuana Brown - Barney Bigard SextetIncluded in the Reefer Songs collection. Download mp3.
1944 Who Put The Benzedrine In Mrs. Murphy's Ovaltine - Harry 'The Hipster' Gibson Though it's obviously about speed, not pot, this song is included in the Reefer Songs collection. Download mp3.
1945 The G Man Got the T Man - Cee Pee Johnson and His Band As heard on Reefer Songs: "Cats can't buy their jive at night / So now they hurry home / since the G man got the T man and gone / They have to drink their lush and stagger / Even though they know its wrong / Cause the G man got the T man and gone / They've arrested my connection / And I can't find any more / Cause the G man got the T man and gone." Download mp3.
1947 Lotus Blossom - Julie Lee & her Boy FriendsAs heard on Reefer Songs. Download mp3.
1955 Ling Ting Tong - The Five Keys An R & B vocal group that helped shape the rhythm and blues revolution of the 50's, The Five Keys' first hit for Capitol was this novelty pop jump with a nonsense lyric, allegedly influenced by marijuana: "'Taisk ko mo bom da yay', or something like that..."
1965 – 1969
1965 Mary Jane - Janis Joplin Written by Janis and recorded in sessions held between January and April with the Dick Oxtot Oakland Athletics Jazz Band, this early song appears on the soundtrack to the film, Janis: "Now when I go to work, I work all day / Always turns out the same / When I bring home my hard-earned pay / I spend my money all on Mary Jane / Mary Jane, Mary Jane, Lord, my Mary Jane." Sigh. Lyric.
1965 Mr. Tambourine Man - Bob Dylan Breezily rendered by The Byrds and bathetically by William Shatner, this song about a drugs come down is implicitly infused with pot consciousness: the answer that's blowing in the wind is that everybody must get stoned.
April, 1966 Rainy Day Women#12 & 35 by Bob Dylan The opening track from Blonde On Blonde was an instant success when released as a single in the US, despite or because of being banned from the radio, reaching no 2 in May '66. The lyric reefers (sic) to marijuana, but the song is about persecution and its message straightforward: "I would not feel so alone / Everybody must get stoned". Covered by A Subtle Plague on Marijuana's Greatest Hits Revisited (Re-Hash Records, 1992) and by the Black Crowes on the first NORML Hempilation , in recent years the Zimmerman himself has taken to closing his set with 'Women which, his Bobness is quoted as saying in Absolutely Dylan (1991), 'happens to deal with a minority of cripples and orientals and the whole world in which we live'.
113
August 1966 Got to Get You Into My Life - The Beatles Recorded in April, 1966, for inclusion on Revolver, Paul McCartney has described this Motown pastiche as "an ode to pot", albeit one disguised as a regular love song. Released as a single in the States in 1976, it reached #7 on Billboard chart and has been covered by artists including Johnny Halliday (Je Veux Te Graver Dans), The Four Tops on their 1969 album, Soul Spin and, in 1978, by Earth Wind & Fire in the Beatles movie tribute, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.
April, 1967 Bass Strings by Country Joe & The FishOminously recorded on 6.6.66 and released the following Spring on an EP of three songs as Country Joe & the Fish, this archetypal hippy ballad is better know in its more amped-up, psychedelic version from the first CJFish LP, Electric Music for the Mind and Body (Vanguard VSD 79244). Lyric.
May, 1967 Night Of The Long Grass - The Troggs Trippy love song from the perpetrators of Wild Thing and the lead track from a hit EP early in the Summer of '67: "I walk alone in dreams / I cannot feel, I cannot see / The only thing I know is that / You're only real to me / I see your hair hang down around your shoulders and your collar / I lean your head upon a pillow made of leaves and straw / Night of the Long Grass / Night of the Long Grass / Night of the Long Grass." Lyric.
1967 Baby, You're a Rich Man - The Beatles Recorded in just six hours on May 17, 1967, at Olympic Sound Studios in London, with Ringo's introductory drum roll added six weeks later, prior to the song's initial release as the flip side to that Summer's anthem, All You Need Is Love, this deceptively simple song is notable as one of Lennon & McCartney's last genuinely collaborative song-writing efforts and because it spontaneously captures the spirit of the times in lyrics which, taken out of context, seem practically meaningless: "How does it feel to be one of the beautiful people? / Tuned to a natural E / Happy to be that way / Now that you've found another key / What are you going to play?". The song features on The Magical Mystery Tour soundtrack. Lyric & RealAudio @ The Beatles Music.
1968 I Like Marijuana - David Peel & the Lower East Side "First I sang about smoking bananas," says Peel. "That was a craze like the hula hoop. Then I started singing about marijuana. That was more permanent." Peel's contemporaneous pot-related song titles include, Legalize Marijuana, I've Got Some Grass, I Want To Get High, and Show Me The Way To Get Stoned. I like Marihuana was a highlight of his first Elektra album, Have a Marijuana, and was re-recorded with a band called the 360's in 1995 for the second NORML Hempilation .
1968 Talkin' Vietnam Pot Luck Blues - Tom Paxton From folkie Tom's Elektra album, Morning Again, this is the tale of a fresh conscript on patrol in Vietnam, who detects a familiar smell when his platoon stop for the night: " Well I may be crazy, but I think not / I swear to God that I smell pot! / But who'd have pot in Vietnam?" / He said, "Whaddaya think you been sittin' on?" / These funny little plants..../ Thousands of them. / Good God Almighty! / Pastures of plenty!" To cut the story short, the platoon hook up with a squad of Vietcong, whose stash is "Straight from Uncle Ho's victory garden / We call it Hanoi Gold", they all get wasted, but "All too soon it was time to go / Captain got on the radio. / Said hello headquarters, headquarters/ We have met the enemy and they have been smashed." Lyric.
1968 Legend of the USS Titanic - Jaime Brockett A couple of Boston folkies, Brockett and Chris Smithers, updated and extended an old Leadbelly talking blues to fill out 26 minutes on one side of Brockett's Captiol LP, Remember the Wind & the Rain. The Leadbelly song, dating back to around 1912, concerned Jack Johnson, a champion prizefighter of the time who was barred from travelling on the Titanic because he was black. In Brockett's version, the story begins with a guy working in a Mexican 'rope' factory, which one day burns down . He runs back inside to save his lunch and gets high on the fumes, and hungry, so that he then sits down (in the fire) to eat. Leaving the rope factory with a 'coil of rope' over his shoulder, our hero signs on as First Mate of the U.S.S. Titantic as, meanwhile, Jack Johnson is denied passage because of his race. Eventually, the First Mate turns the Captain on to smoking his rope and the two of them, stoned, miss a radio warning about an ice-berg... The ship sinks with all hands, leaving Jack Johnson safely on shore.
1968 Don't Step on the Grass, Sam - Steppenwolf Written by John Kay for Steppenwolf's second Dunhill album, The Second, from the point of view of a guy watching a TV debate about marijuana, this song accuses self-righteous politicians - such as Sam - of "telling lies so long, some believe they're true." To Sam, grass is "evil, wicked, mean and nasty." The chorus
114
responds, "Don't be such an ass, Sam." One of the highlights of the NORML Hempilation is a version cooked by Govt. Mule, the jammin' band led by guitarist Warren Haynes and bassist Allen Woody of the Allman Bros. Lyric. Just how little the situation regarding pot has changed in thirty years was made clear to John Kay in August, 1999, when he tried to cross the border into Canada while on tour. He'd recently been a guest on 'Politically Incorrect', with Bill Maher and after the broadcast, Todd McCormick, a friend of Maher's and a hemp advocate, gave him a copy of the Emperor of Hemp video and a copy of Hemp Life magazine. Kay says he took what McCormick gave him back to the East Coast and inadvertently left the material on the back of Steppenwolf's tour bus, where the book and video were discovered by Canadian customs officials when the band attempted to cross the border for a date in Ottawa. The "discovery resulted in a four-hour delay," says Kay, "complete with drug-dog inspection and dismemberment of both truck and bus interiors."
1969 Don't Bogart Me by Fraternity of ManWritten by Elliot Ingber and performed by his group, Fraternity of Man, on the soundtrack to Easy Rider, this song became better known as Don't Bogart That Joint, a rousing live favourite at Little Feat shows through the Seventies: "Roll another one / Just like the other one / This one's burnt to the end / Come on and be a friend...etc." It was originally included on the live double album, Waiting For Columbus in 1978, but there wasn't enough space to fit it on the CD reissue, so Warner Bros tacked it on to the end of the The Last Record Album CD from 1975 along with another 'bonus' live track, Apolitical Blues. Robert Bradley's Blackwater Surprise perform a version on Hempilation 2
1969 Indian Rope Man (African Herbsman) - Ritchie Havens A track from his double album, Richard P. Havens 1983 that came out in the same year as Woodstock, where Havens' career received a tremendous fillip, Indian Rope Man was also released on a single in the US by Verve, on the flip side of a version of Strawberry Fields Forever. However, the song achieved immortality in 1970 when reworked by Lee 'Scratch' Perry and recorded by Bob Marley & The Wailers as African Herbsman, in which version it's also been covered by Ziggy Marley & The Melody Makers on their 1993 album, Joy and Blues. Lyric to African Herbsman .
1969 I Want To Take You Higher - Sly & The Family Stone Written by Sylvester Stewart in 1968 for his fourth Epic album, Stand!, probably the most memorable performance of this song is preserved on the Woodstock movie and soundtrack album. It charted twice in the US, reaching #60 as the B-side of Stand! in 1969 and #38 when released as a single in its own right in June the following year. It's given a typically jammed-out treatment by Bobby Sheehan's Blues Traveller on the first NORML Hempilation .
1969 Coming Into Los Angeles - Arlo Guthrie From folkie Arlo's album, Running Down The Road, this song became a live favourite for the group, America, and is included on a collection of their live recordings, Heard. It's about a smuggler flying into LA: "Coming into Los Angeles / Bringing in a couple of keys / Don't touch my bags if you please, Mister Customs Man..." Lyric.
1969 Okie From Muskogee - Merle Haggard Assisted by band member Eddie Burris, the Hag. ventured into the arena of social commentary in this #1 song, released during the height of national conflict over the Vietnam war: "We don't smoke marijuana in Muskogee / We don't take our trips on LSD / We don't our burn draft cards down on Main Street / We like living right and being free." Lyric
1969 Stoned Woman - Ten Years After Alvin Lee's band broke through in '69 with their first album of all original material, Stonedhenge and followed it up in the same year with perhaps their greatest statement, Shhh an album of psychedelic blues that includes this song, built around a monstrous, distorted bass riff: "She gonna love him, stoned out of mind all the time / She gonna keep him, stoned out of his mind all the time / She don't see nothing / She just has loving and she keeps on puffing all the time." Lyric
1970 – 1979
c.1970 Herbsman Shuffle - King Stitt Winston Sparkles, the Ugly One, was a pioneering deejay with Coxsone's Downbeat system who recorded this version of the Skatalite's classic Beardman Feast rhythm, updated in reggae style by Clancy Eccles'
115
studio band, the Dynamites, while the King salutes the herb over the rhythm. It's included on a UK compilation, Legalize De Erb and on a crucial King Stitt collection, Reggae Fire Beat.
1971 Kaya - Bob Marley & The Wailers Among the fruits of the legendary Soul Rebel sessions that were to direct the future course of reggae, this is the first song about the herb to be recorded by either the Wailers' or Lee 'Scratch' Perry. A Jamaican hit in '71, it first appeared in the UK on the Trojan album, African Herbsman, (q.v.) in 1973, and subsequently on innumerable poor quality compilations. Controversy over Lee Perry's right to sell the songs from this period has been as intense as speculation over their authorship, but in People Funny Boy (by David Katz, Payback Press, 2000, ISBN: 0862418542) Scratch's younger brother, Milton, tells how the song was written during a visit to the home of the producer's mother, Miss Ina, in Hanover: "My bigger brother, Sonny, the Rasta one, he always keep a long locks. They was smoking herbs in the house, herbs run out and they get some money to buy some herbs and the rain set up to fall at the same time, so they tell him he must ride a bicycle to go and buy the herb. The rain was falling and they said he must go and buy the herb before the rain fall and so the lyrics come up. They said they want kaya because the rain is falling and then now they start to rehearse it the same place, because Bob have him guitar. I would say it's between Scratch and Bob came up with lyrics, but I remember as a little youth, by saying the word to my bigger brother, he just come up with the idea, put it in lyrics, and they just start from right there." Scratch obsessives must check the Skank version included on what many regard as the first ever dub album, Blackboard Jungle Dub in 1973; Marley fans may know the song, Turn Me Loose, that Bob cut on the Kaya rhythm. Of course, Bob Marley also recycled Kaya as the title track of his 1978 album.
1971 Sweet Leaf - Black Sabbath A paean to pot written by Tony Iommi, Bill Ward, Ozzy Osbourne and Geezer Butler and performed by the Sabs on their third Warner Bros. album, Masters of Reality: "Straight people don't know what you're about / They put you down and shut you out / You gave me a new belief / And soon the world will love you, sweet leaf". Every other metal band across America covers this song, but Sacred Reich, out of Phoenix, got to cut their version for inclusion on the NORML Hempilation .
1971 One Toke Over The Line - Brewer & ShipleyMichael Brewer who, along with Tom Shipley, joined the Rainmakers to remake their hit for the NORML Hempilation 2 recalls: "It was controversial. The Vice President of the United States, Spiro Agnew, named us personally as a subversive to American youth, but at exactly the same time Lawrence Welk performed the crazy thing and introduced it as a gospel song. That shows how absurd it really is. Of course, we got more publicity than we could have paid for."
June 1971 High Time We Went - Joe CockerWritten by Joe Cocker and Chris Stainton, this song never appeared on an album, but hit #22 in the US single charts, despite its spaced-out vocals: "Well, it's 12 o'clock and I got there / Didn't think I'd make it on time / Somebody's been shouting / 'Don't forget the lemon and lime' / Ain't it high time we went?" I should cocoa. Screamin' Cheetah Wheelies perform a version on the NORML Hempilation .
1971 And It Stoned Me - Van Morrison From Moondance, his second Warner Bros. album, Morrison seems to be referring to wine ("There were bottles, two / One for me and one for you"), rather than weed, but the chorus is a classic, regardless: "And it stoned me to my soul / Stoned me just like jelly roll". At least that was the rationale for including it on the NORML Hempilation in an estimable version by Widespread Panic.
1971 Illegal Smile - John PrineLead track on the prolific American singer/songwriter's eponymous debut LP: "Fortunately I have the key to escape reality / And you may see me tonight with an illegal smile / It don't cost very much, but it lasts a long while / Won't you please tell the man I didn't kill anyone / No I'm just tryin' to have me some fun." Lyric.
1972 30 Days In The Hole - Humble Pie Stevie Marriott was busted for smoking a joint on a park bench in 1971, the year of Rockin' The Fillmore, after which Peter Frampton quit the band and Dave 'Clem' Clempson joined for the Smokin' album, from which this was a hit single: "Chicago Green, talkin' 'bout Black Lebanese / A dirty room and a silver coke spoon / Give me my release, come on / Black Nepalese, it's got you weak in your knees..." Warren Haynes' power trio, Gov't Mule, were joined by Ex-Black Crowes guitarist Marc Ford for a version that appears on the NORML/High Times Hempilation 2. Lyric
116
1972 I Got Stoned & I Missed It - Shel Silverstein This raucous singalong from Shel's classic album, Freakin' At The Freakers' Ball became a hit for Dr Hook & the Medicine Show, from their 1975 album, Bankrupt and, apparently, also for Jim 'Spiders & Snakes' Stafford. Lyric. Real Audio @ Morgo's Media Menu.
1972 The Pope Smokes Dope - David Peel & the Lower East SideTitle track from the Original Punk's third album, produced by John Lennon: "The Pope smokes dope, God gave him the grass / The Pope smokes dope, he likes to smoke in mass / The Pope smokes dope, he's a groovy head / The Pope smokes dope, the Pope smokes dope..." Lyric
1973 Acapulco Goldie - Doctor Hook & The Medicine Show A Shel Silverstein song from Dr. Hook's 3rd album, Belly Up: "Just like Acapulco Goldie, por que did you go. / You said you'd always hold me. / But you vamos away with me Acapulco gold. / Ya ya, you run away with me Acapulco gold." Lyric.
1973 (Down To) Seed and Stems (Again) - Commander Cody & His Lost Planet Airmen George Frayne got a shambolic group of hippies together at the University of Michigan in 1967, naming the entity after a 1950 movie starring Kristen Coffen as Kommando Kody, and co-wrote the band's first songs, including Seeds'n'Stems with Billy C. Farlow, in a library during a break in finals. In San Francisco for the Altamont summer of 1969, the band caught the tail end of the Psychedelic scene where they "jammed, hung out, got high and generally Lived The Life", blagging a recording deal in the process. Their fourth album on Paramount Records, Live from Deep in the Heart of Texas (PAS-1017), recorded live at the infamous Armadillo World Headquarters in 1973, was voted one of the best of all time by Rolling Stone Magazine. Seeds'n'Stems is a highlight of the set and also features on The Tour From Hell LP that documents other performances during 1973, in which year the band were literally booed off the stage at a C&W Convention in Nashville with cries like 'Get A Haircut!' According to the Commander, "the term 'Commie butt fucker' was heard for the first time from the crowd. Of course that year, 1973, we were the headliners at the International Communist Party festival in Paris, (the 'Fete Du Humanitie') so they weren't exactly wrong. On the other hand, the Vietnam veterans came back, mostly Cody fans who heard Hot Rod Lincoln in the foxholes. That year the Indian Movement took control of Alcatraz Island, and Russell Means invited us to visit them there, when Fidel Castro invited us to come and play in Cuba. We didn't of course, but we were protesting this unrighteous war, and wanted to bring everybody home before anybody else got killed.
1973 Catch A Fire (LP) - Bob Marley & The Wailers The Wailers first Island LP, somewhat sanitised for international audiences, introduced reggae music to a global audience. If the lyrics to tunes like Stir It Up and Kinky Reggae don't refer explicitly to marijuana, their groove is implicitly informed by the herb and, if that isn't obvious to the casual listener, the point is made graphically clear on the cover, where Bob is pictured blazing a huge spliff. A remastered deluxe 2-CD set that includes the original Jamaican version of the album has recently been released.
1973 The Joker - Steve Miller Band Miller's entire Band had been busted and deported from England while recording their first album for The Beatles' label, Apple, in 1968. Five years later, the title track to The Joker album cast the singer in the role of a laid-back player, a 'space cowboy', a 'gangster of love': "I'm a joker, I'm a smoker, I'm a midnight toker", croons Steve, "I sure don't want to hurt no one..." It's covered by Spearhead, with Michael Franti in fine form as the amoral lover man, on Hempilation 2.
1973 Panama Red - New Riders of the Purple Sage First track on the 'Riders fourth album, The Adventures of Panama Red which was re-released in Europe with Gypsy Cowboy as part of a two-into-one CD by Beat Goes On Records, 2000, no: BGOCD 509.
1973 The Pot Head Pixie - Gong Written by Daevid Allen and performed by Gong on their debut for Virgin Records, Flying Teapot, an album-length story that features Lawrence the Alien, the great yogi Banana Ananada, Zero the Hero and the Witch Yoni: "Somebody somewhere has got to be high";-) Raging Slab essayed their own version of this whimsy from gong's album in 1995 for the NORML Hempilation .
August, 1973 Stoned Out Of My Mind - The Chi Lites A wistful lament in their classic style, this was the Chi Lites last hit with the original line-up. While the lyric is
117
about being deceived by a girlfriend and really has nothing to do with pot, the refrain, "You got me goin' (Stoned out of my mind)" is irresistible. Lyric.
1973 Too High - Stevie WonderThe first track on Innervisions (Motown): "She's a girl in a dream / She sees a four-eyed cartoon monster / On the TV screen / She takes another puff and says / It's a crazy scene' / That red is green / And she's a tangerine." Far out!
December, 1973 Let Me Roll It - Paul McCartney & Wings McCartney's second band was down to just him, his missus, and Denny Laine by the time they flew out to Lagos, Nigeria, in August, 1973, to record Band On The Run at Fela Kuti's studio. This song, which was released as the flipside of the UK single, Jet, in February, 1974, exemplifies the deceptively light feel of the album, with it's opening organ solo and unforgettable guitar riff. The lyric, widely interpreted as a riposte to John Lennon's How Do You Sleep? may not be about skinning up, but it sure sounds like it: "You gave me something, I understand / You gave me loving in the palm of my hand". It's covered by Canadian rockers, Big Sugar, on Hempilation 2. Lyric
1974 Herb Vendor - Horse Mouth An appreciative rap voiced by drummer, Leroy 'Horsemouth' Wallace, over the rhythm of Delroy Denton's Give Thanks, with The Upsetter at the controls of an early Black Ark production that appeared on the Public Jestering album.
1974 Judge Natty / Ganja Crop - Jah Lloyd. Pat Francis began as a vocalist with the Studio One group, the Meditators, coached the Mighty Diamonds in their formative days, and found local fame as a deejay, Jah Lloyd. Working with Lee 'Scratch Perry in the early days of the Black Ark, he voiced several versions of the To Be A Lover rhythm, including Soldier Round The Corner and these two weed conscious toasts for the Teem label. Judge Natty - included on the UK compilation, Legalize De Erb - is a hilarious variation on the Judge Dread scenario, in which the dread Judge gives the defendant (possibly played by Lee Perry) a lecture on the divine origin of ganja.
July 1974 I Shot the Sheriff - Eric Clapton Slowhand's version, a hit single from his 461 Ocean Boulevard album, introduced Bob Marley's music to a worldwide audience, though not all may have fully understood the tale, told by a marijuana grower hunted by a fanatical law enforcement officer: "Sheriff John Brown always hate I / For what, I never know. / Everytime I plant a seed / He say, kill it before it grow. / He said, kill them before they grow." Lyric
1974 Too Rolling Stoned - Robin Trower Trower got his start with Procol Harum in the '60s and was a stadium axe hero and regular contender on The Old Grey Whistle Test riff of the month competition in the mid 70s, from which era comes this tune from his second Chrysalis solo album, Bridge of Sighs, as well as on his Live! album the following year. "It's a nice relaxing jam that works well with pot," says Kevin Kinney of Athens-based band, Drivin' N' Cryin', who perform a version on the NORML Hempilation : "It's the epitome of a concert pot-smoking song."
1975 Roll Another Number (For The Road) - Neil YoungFrom Tonight's The Night: "I think I'll roll another number for the road / I feel able to get under any load / Though my feet aren't on the ground / I've been standing on the sound / Of some open-hearted people going down." Lyric
1975 Chalice In The Palace - U Roy Ewart Beckford pioneered the modern DJ style in Jamaica in the late 60s, toasting on King Tubby's system, and remains an inimitable practitioner. On this gem, produced by 'Prince' Tony Robinson, riding the Mighty Diamonds' Queen Majesty rhythm, U-Roy fantasises about sharing the pipe of peace with Her Royal Highness and reasoning over the problems of the people in the ghetto. Released by Virgin in the UK on the flip side of another classic, Runaway Girl, and on the mighty Dread Inna Babylon set, it's included on the Big Blunts compilation (Tommy Boy, 1994) and in a live version on Natty Rebel - Extra Version (Virgin CDFL 9017; 1991). Weed conscious rapper, Canibus, performed a hip hop version, Buckingham Palace, on his 1998 debut album, Can-I-Bus.
1975 Quarter Pound of I'Cense - Max Romeo A track from Revelation Time, a classic from the Black Ark that's known as the first Jamaican concept album: "The songs may not necessarily sound alike, but if you listen to the words, it's like reading the Bible and just
118
turning the pages," claims its creator. 'I'Cense' is the holy herb that's burned for its meditative incense, but the word 'incense' also has the negative connotation of anger, so the Rastas adapt it to sound more appropriately like a sensitizer. The words is also rendered as 'I'Shence', or 'I'Shen', as in the deejay version by Lone Ranger, 1/4lb. of Ishen (q.v.). Revelation Time was lovingly re-packaged and re-issued in 1999 by Blood & Fire as Open The Iron Gate.
1975 Brushweed Corntrash - Bunny & Ricky William 'Bunny' Clarke and Ricky Grant address the difficulty of locating decent weed over a Black Ark rhythm, produced by Lee 'Scratch' Perry and included on The Upsetter's contemporaneous Revolution Dub album in a version titled Bush Weed, in which the Upsetter hums the absent melody line.
1975 Expensive Shit - Fela Ransome-Kuti and The Africa 70Fela's true genius has been reassessed in the short years since his death in '97, via various compilations; MCA re-issues of Fela's old albums on CD; and the imminent Red Hot + Riot AIDS tribute album. Worth seeking out is the Masters At Work Tribute to Fela from '99, for which Vega'n'Gonzalez brought in the Latin percussion legend, Luisito Quintero, to let rip on their version of 'Shit, which was inspired by an incident in which the Nigerian authorities failed to catch Fela in possession of cannabis because he swallowed the joint. So the goons collected Fela's faeces and had it tested for cannabis residues... No shit!
1976 Legalize It - Peter Tosh Title track from the Bushdoctor's first solo album on Columbia, this song has become a rallying cry for the pro-pot movement: "Legalize it, don't criticize it / Legalize it, and I'll advertise it." Tosh, who was gunned down in Jamaica on September 19, 1987, explained: "Only de small man go to bloodclot jail for herb. Man must get herb cause man keep de earth runnin' till today." It's been widely covered, by UB40 on Labour of Love 3 in 1998; Rasta Surf Punks, Sublime, who own first album was 40 Ounces to Freedom on Skunk Records, gave Legalize It the dub treatment on the NORML Hempilation . Lyric.
1976 Smokin' Cheeba Cheeba - Harlem Underground BandWritten by Paul and Ann Winley, this rare groove appears on the Harlem Underground's only album on Paul Winley Records. It features jazz-guitar great, George Benson, a lengthy harmonica solo by Buddy 'Pop' Lewis and the recurring 'cheeba cheeba' theme, sung by Ann Winley. Tone Loc famously sampled it for his own Cheeba Cheeba (q.v.) and a group called High Fidelity did a cover on the first NORML Hempilation.
1976 Colombia Collie - Jah Lion As was his wont, Lee 'Scratch' Perry chose to rename Jah Lloyd, aka Pat Francis, for a wicked deejay album of which this is the title track, celebrating the Colombian weed that was the draw of choice among well-heeled American potheads of the time. As Francis recollected: "Him say, 'You move strong.' Might be physically or musically strong, but Jah Lion different from Jah Lloyd... We do great works at the Upsetter studio." Reissued in 1994.
1977 Bad Weed - Junior MurvinReel Two of Arkology, the indispensible 3-CD set of Lee 'Scratch' Perry productions, 1976 - 1979 features an incredible rhythm shower based on Police & Thieves, showing how Perry was able to build many songs on the same foundation: after the Junior Murvin hit from the summer of 1976, sax man Glen DaCosta's instrumental Magic Touch is followed by the terrific Soldier & Police War by Jah Lion and The Upsetters' echoing Grumblin' Dub. Just when you thought the rhythm has been stretched out enough, Junior's ominous Bad Weed takes it further. "It was only four tracks on the machine, but I was picking up twenty from the extra terrestrial squad", Scratch says and Junior confirms: "Lee Perry's 4 tracks sound like 8 track, some time it sound like 100 track (laughs)... Scratch used to say him nah change, cause it's four generations y'know".
1977 Macka Spliff - Steel Pulse First recorded on the predominantly punk compilation, Live At The Hope And Anchor, this track appeared on their first album, Handsworth Revolution , in 1978, as Macka Splaff. Whatever the spelling, the meaning it clear: "Mister collie, collie collie man / Me want some herbs to smoke tonight/ Mister collie, collie collie man / Marijuana smoke tonight / Mister collie man/ Want some herbs to smoke tonight / Mister collie man / Ganja smoke tonight...". A live anthem and theme tune for Steel Pulse, it features on their Reggae Greats (Island) compilation and is included on Big Blunts Vol.3 (Tommy Boy):
1977 Reefer Madness - Hawkwind "One of my fingers fell from my hand, onto the carpet / Crawled across the floor, Up to my shelf / Inside my piggy bank and stole my stash. / STOLE MY STASH!" Lyric
119
1977 Homegrown - Neil YoungAn agricultural anthem, performed by Crazy Horse around the same time as Roll Another Number but not recorded until the ninth Reprise album, American Stars 'n' Bars: "Homegrown is all right with me / Homegrown is the way it should be / Homegrown is a good thing / Plant that bell and let it ring." Gus, a left-handed songwriter who believes that "hemp is a very powerful plant," provided a fair rendition for the NORML Hempilation .
1977 Two Hits & the Joint Turned Brown - John Hartford with The Dillards Funky Bluegrass from Hartford, in trio with Doug & Rodney Dillard, collected on an album entitled Glitter Grass From The Nashwood Hollyville Strings
1978 Easy Skanking - Bob Marley & The Wailers The first track from the Kaya album (Island ILPS 9517) and a solid stone classic: "Excuse me while I light my spliff / Oh, God, I gotta take a lift / From reality I just can't drift / That's why I am staying with this riff..." It's also included on the Natural Mystic compilation (1997). Lyric.
1978 Bustin' Out - Rick James "Alright you squares, it's time to smoke / Fire up this funk and let's have a toke / It can make you dance or some of everything / Everybody get high..." The album sleeve depicted a guitar wielding Rick leading the escape from a prison marked 'Serious Joint'.
1978 Smoking My Ganja - Capital LettersThe first UK-based reggae group to be signed to Greensleeves Records enjoyed a big hit with their debut single, which is included on the compilation, Legalize De Erb (Kickin' Records, 1997).
1978 The Smoke Off - Shel Silverstein The epic tale of the showdown between Pearly Sweetcake of sunny San Rafael and The Calistoga Kid, a beatnik from the past, at Yankee Stadium, in the World Series of pot smoking: "'Nothin' left to roll!', screams Pearl, 'Is this some twisted joke? / I didn't come here to fuck around, man, I come here to SMOKE!'" and so on...Lyric. Real Audio @ Morgo's Media Menu
1978 Jamaican Weed - Lone Ranger A joyous celebration of ganga over a bubbling bassline from the influential Studio One deejay, who is perhaps best remembered for his hit, Barnabus Collins, this gem was rescued from oblivion for inclusion on Tommy Boy's original Big Blunts compilation in 1994. Big Blunts Vol.2 (Tommy Boy, 1996) includes 1/4lb. of Ishen, riding the Royals' Pick Up The Pieces rhythm with the Ranger, aka Anthony Waldron, giving a nod to U-Roy while adapting lyrics made famous by Ranking Joe. Included on the excellent album, On The Other Side Of Dub in 1981, it probably dates from around the same period as Jamaican Weed.
1979 Billy Bardo - Johnny Paycheck The country character best remembered for telling his boss in song to Take This Job And Shove It included this pro-pot song on his 1979 album, which kicks off with a ditty advising listeners to (Stay Away From) The Cocaine Train .
1979 African Reggae - Nina Hagen "Haschisch, feinstes kaschmir / edelster türke, afghanisches gras / ein plätzchen für mein schplätzchen / cannabis im schwarzwald / Bob Marley auf der venus". Or words to that effect. Lyric.
1979 Spliff Tale - Triston PalmaThe perpetrator of dancehall anthem, Entertainment, Triston had a string of hits in 79/80 on Black Solidarity, a label he ran with producer Ossie Thomas, including this all too familiar tale, told in militant rockers style. It's collected on Bamboo Fence & Curry Goat and on a UK compilation, Legalize De Erb (Kickin' Records, 1997). Interview with Triston.
1980 - 1989
1980 Sinsemilla - Black Uhuru The vocal trio of Duckie Simpson, Mykal Rose and Sandra 'Puma' Jones were the first reggae group to win a Grammy and a powerful live draw (sic) in their day, backed by Sly 'n' Robbie, who produced the classic album of which this is the title track: "I've got a stalk of sinsemilla growing in my back yard..."
120
1981 Champagne and Reefer - Muddy Waters From Muddy's King Bee album on Blue Sky Records: "Bring me champagne when I'm thirsty / Bring me reefer when I'm gonna get high". "I'm gonna stick with my reefer" affirms the blues legend, who died of a heart attack in 1983, "Ain't gonna be messing around with no cocaine." Texan blues belter, Ian Moore, performed the song in tribute to Muddy on the NORML Hempilation and The Black Crowes have also been known to do it up live. Lyric.
1981 Nederwiet - Doe Maar Joost Belinfante tested the tolerance of his native Dutch authorities on this track from the album, Skunk, in which the singer patiently explains how to grow your own weed at home and the best way to enjoy it. It's also included on Doe Maar's Greatest Hits, De Beste. Lyric
1981 Reefer Madness (Instrumental) - UB40 Closing track from their debut album, Signing Off.
1981 Mary Jane - Rick James Best remembered for the hook to Superfreak - sampled by 80s one-hit-wonder, MC Hammer, on You Can't Touch This, - Rick not only wrote this love song to pot, but also launched The Mary Jane Girls, whose eponymous album on Motown (1983) is remarkable primarily for its novelty or kitsch value. The Medusa-headed rapper, Coolio, performed a version, I'm In Love With Mary Jane on the soundtrack to the cultish 1998 stoner movie, Half Baked. The original MJ is collected along with the sometime Superfreak's other greatest hits on Bustin' Out (Island, 1994).
1981 One Draw - Rita Marley A Bob Marley song from Rita's album, Who Feels It Knows It (Shanachie, 1980), One Draw was released as a single after Bob's funeral, at which Rita symbolically placed a stalk of sensimilla in the coffin. Cleary indicating an end to the mourning, this infectious, pro-ganja delight which was banned in Jamaica on release, but made musical history as the first reggae single to top the Billboard Disco Charts, the chorus inspired and was sampled by Cyprus Hill for I Wanna Get High (q.v.). A version of the original features on the Legalize De Erb compilation.
1981 Pass the Kouchie - The Mighty Diamonds Donald 'Tabby' Shaw, Fitzroy 'Bunny' Simpson, and Lloyd 'Judge' Ferguson enjoyed a Jamaican hit with this sublime version of the classic Studio One rhythm, Full Up, produced by Gussie Clarke, which appeared on their Indestructible album in '82. Musical Youth famously covered the song the following year, but changed the title to 'Dutchie', which makes no sense at all since a Dutch oven cannot easily be passed from the left hand side, unlike a ceremonious pipe, chalice, or 'Kouchie' (or 'Kutchie', as in Lee Perry's Kutchie Skank; or 'Cutchie' as in Dillinger's Bring The Cutchie Come; or indeed, 'Couchie', as in the song of that name by Triston Palma). The original is included on Big Blunts Vol.1 (Tommy Boy, 1994).
1983 Police in Helicopter - John Holt Title track of the veteran reggae star's album, in which the singer balanced his lover's persona, borrowed from Gregory Isaacs, with that of the rootsman who here righteously complains about the aerial ganja interdiction squads. Name-checked by Top Cat on Love Me Sess (q.v.), it's included on Big Blunts Vol.2 (Tommy Boy, 1996)
1983 Smoke Two Joints - The Toyes Mawg and Sky of The Toyes were living in Honolulu in 1983, escaping from L.A., where Mawg was playing in 'a horrible Top 40 band' when he wrote this tune, taught it to his brother, and the pair borrowed $1000 from their mom to record it: "I smoke two joints in the morning, I smoke two joints at night / I smoke two joints in the afternoon, it makes me feel alright / I smoke two joints in time of peace, and two in time of war / I smoke two joints before I smoke two joints, and then I smoke two more". It features on The Toyes CD from 1996, along with songs called (Hey, Uncle Sam) Leave Us Pot Smokers Alone and Monster Hash (a parody of Monster Mash). Various cover versions exist in foreign languages, plus Sublime did a version on their album, 40oz to Freedom. Lyric
1984 Sensi Addict - Horace Ferguson Early digital reggae, pre-Sleng Teng (q.v.), sparsely produced on what sounds like a rinky dink Casio keyboard by Prince Jazzbo for his Ujama label, with the singer declaring his addiction: "Wisdom, knowledge and understanding / Are what the sensimilla really bring", while scorning harder drugs: "Me don't want no
121
coke, 'cause that's a joke"; "Me no drink white rum / Me will tumble down". It features on a 1993 album of the same name and is included on Big Blunts Vol.3 (Tommy Boy, 1996).
1985 (Under Mi) Sleng Teng - Wayne SmithWidely credited with kick-starting the digital revolution in Jamaican studios, the Sleng Teng rhythm was built by King Jammy upon a pre-programmed Casio backbeat and spawned numerous versions. The original lyrics are more concerned with that other hardy perennial, sex, than with weed, although the 'sensi' from Westmoreland is promoted as the ultimate aphrodisiac. The tune is the centre piece of Big Blunts (Tommy Boy, 1994), which also includes a funk/hip-hop remix by DJ Muggs of Cypress Hill, and appears on a UK compilation, Legalise De 'Erb (Kickin Records, 1997).
1985 Under Mi Sensi - Barrington Levy Paul Love, aka Jah Screw, had been the selector for U-Roy's sound-system before teaming up with deejay Ranking Joe to make records. For their first production, they recruitied broader-than-Broadway Barrington Levy to yodel over this wicked tune, castigating official hypocrisy over the weed trade: "Babylon, you na like ganja man / But we bring the foreign currency 'pon the island." An enduring anthem, it appears on numerous collections, including Tommy Boy's Big Blunts and in a re-recording with the Long Beach Dub All-Stars (formerly known as Sublime) on Hempilation 2. There's also a 'triple bass' mix featuring Rebel MC, from 1992, and Beenie Man's Jungle Dub X Project Remix, a UK club hit in 1994 that features on Big Blunts Vol.2 (Tommy Boy, 1996). Real Audio Sample @ www.turntablelab.com
1985 Real Thing - Barrington Levy Another track from Barrington's breakthrough album, Here I Come which, through dwarfed by Under Me Sensi is a classic in its own right, with the singer begging, "Gimme the grass, won't you gimme the grass" and declaring that cocaine will mess up his brain, "because when you smoke the cocaine, you can get jumpy. When you smoke up the cocaine, you don't what you're thinking about. When you smoke up the cocaine, you're going to ruin your brain..." Big Blunts Vol.3 (Tommy Boy) features a funky workout of the tune with a phat bass line, Gimme The Grass.
1986 Herbsman Hustling - Sugar Minott A version of Don Drummond's Heavenless rhythm reworked by Sly and Robbie, over which Sugar sings this paean to nickel and dime street salesmen in his classic roots style. Although it's the humble herbsman who risks his risking his neck to make his daily living, all levels of Jamaican society are implicated in the ganja trade: "Wrap up a draw for the lawyer / Wrap up a draw fe' commissioner..." A Jamaican hit on the Black Roots label, it features on Sugar's RAS Portraits album (RAS 3319), appears on Sly & Robbies' Taxi collection (1986) and is included on Big Blunts Vol.1 (Tommy Boy, 1994).
1988 Love Mi Sess - Top Cat UK-based DJ scored a mighty hit for Joe G's records with this unambiguous paean of praise to top-quality draw, which came again in the mid-90s when recreated in a Junglist mode - the Herbsman 2 Remix - by Michael West, aka Rebel MC in his guise as Congo Natty. The original is included on Leglize De Erb (Kickin' Records, 1997). Lyric (to the Congo Natty mix .
1989 Urb-an Music - Ziggy Marley and the Melody MakersA sly comment on both radio formatting and the felicitous combination of music and herb from the album, One Bright Day (Virgin): "Lord they fight it so / And I bet they don't even know / What it can do for all of you / Urb-an music, urb-an music, urb-an music..." Lyric.
1989 Cheeba Cheeba - Tone LocThe rasping rapper first had a hit with a re-make of Wild Thing and this proto-typical pot head rap is a highlight of his debut album, Loc'ed After Dark: "...it seems a lot of times I'm at my best / After some methical or a bowl of sens. / I'm creatin', multiplyin', big time supplyin' / Enuff bud to keep tha whole party high on / I might get ill and roll an 8th in one hooter / Park my Benz, or cold jet it on my scooter..." It's included on Phat Blunts: Rap Unda Tha Influence (Priority, 1996). Lyric.
1989 Paul's Boutique (LP) - The Beastie Boys The beer-swilling brats of Fight For Your Right To Party switched to cheeba for their massively influential second album, produced by the Dust Bros. The entire record is littered with mad rhymes and weed references and we all have our favourites. Mine include: "Space cake cookies, I discover who I am / I'm a dusted old bummy Hurdy Gurdy Man" (Car Thief); "I smoke cheeba, it helps me with my brain / I might be a
122
little dusted, but I'm not insane" (3 Minute Rule) and "I'm so high that they call me Your Highness / If you don't know me then pardon my shyness." (Mike On The Mic.) Lyrics.
1989 Express Yourself - Niggas With AttitudeThe first hit single from Straight Outta Compton re-worked an old groove written by Eazy-E's Dad. Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd St Rhythm Bands' original was updated by Ice Cube, who declared: "Even if Yella Makes it a-cappella I still express, yo, I don't smoke weed or sens. / Cause its known to give a brother brain damage / And brain damage on the mic don't manage / Nuthin' but makin' a sucker and you equal / Don't be another sequel..." Dr Dre, the producer, obviously didn't share these sentiments, as he was to demonstrate with The Chronic (q.v.).
1990 – 2000
1990 Green Day - Green Day According to the Green Day Online FAQ, the phrase 'green day' is Bay-area slang for a day with lots of green bud where you just sit around taking bong hits and hanging out. Billie Joe wrote the song Green Day about his first pot experience and his punk rock group changed its name from Sweet Children to Green Day in 1990, recording the song on their debut album, 39/Smooth, which has been re-released as 1,039 Smoothed Out Slappy Hours. Lyric.
1991 Stoned Immaculate - Dub Syndicate The title track of perhaps the finest recorded statement by Adrian Sherwood's dub collective - the CD with the extraordinary four-spoked spliff on its cover - takes its theme from Jim Morrison: "Out here in the perimeter there are no stars. Out here we are stoned, immaculate" and moves into an easy skank, coloured by the sweet vocal harmonies of Akabu and well-charged with all sorts of sampled interjections and funny noises.
1991 Mean Green - Cool Hand LocWritten by A.Smith/J.Fortson/G.Duke/L.Chanclear/ B.Millar/C.Johnson (whew) for Loc's second album on Delicious Vinyl: "When a believer gets the fever for the flavour of the cheeba / Don't you sweat it, I can get it, I got my home boy's beeper number / If you wanna get some of the chronic, supersonic / Yo, my man's got that high-powered hydroponic...Don't mention cocaine, heroin or speed / In the same breath as weed, because nobody ever ODed / Puffing reefer, cannabis sativa, hemp or the cheeba and I'm a believer."
1991 Herbs an' Spices - Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers With their Jahmekya album, the Melody Makers produced a tougher sound than previously and David Marley's lyrics got more militant, too: "Herbs an' herb an', herb an' spices an' herbs / Give it to me, give it to me, give it to me, give it to me / Spices an' herb, whoa, revolution / Yes man a revolution / Yes mi say this a revolution". Lyric.
1991 The Herb - Tony Rebel Leading the lyrical reaction to the slackness in Jamaican dancehall music and one of the most popular deejays in JA today, Patrick George Anthony Barrett, aka Tony Rebel, here produced by Donovan Germain, delivers one of the most erudite pro-ganja raps of recent times: "And this is something, me a come here to tell everyone / Good sinsemilla, it used to run this land (land) / But since the other day, them a deal with substitution (shun) / Now the crop called cocaine bring pure destruction (shun) / That's why this morning, me get up and me write three letter / Come, me a seh, one addressed to the Prime Minister / Me say, the next one addressed to the Security Minister/ Me never done the one to the Commissioner/ Because them, them're hypocrites and counfounder / 'Cause how the hell them a going to fight against sinsemilla ? / And it put a poor people plot 'pon fire / Now, we used to plant it enough in Jamaica / And they burn it down with 'nuff police and soldier / And them import the coke fe mash up we future/ But, you see the Herb / It just me brain it preserve / You see, the Herb / It make I-man observe / You see, the Herb / It just a-strengthen me nerve..." A Jamaican hit for Penthouse Records, it's included on Big Blunts Vol.1 (Tommy Boy, 1994).
1991 Who's Got the Herb - Human RightsWritten by HR (Paul Hudson), lead singer of the influential hardcore band, Bad Brains, and performed by HR with his bro', Earl, on drums and David Byers on guitar and keys as Human Rights on their 1991 EP, I Luv: "When we smoke it in our bong it feels so nice". It was covered for the NORML Hempilation by a band called 311, whose debut album in 1993 boasted the compositions, Hydroponic and My Stoney Baby.
123
November, 1991 Cypress Hill (LP) - Cypress Hill Stone classic album, featuring (among others) Something for the Blunted, Light Another and Stoned Is The Way Of The Walk: "I hit they ass like the Buddha that's stinky / They wanna scruff but they just so rinky-dinky / I'm the freaka, the one who freaks the funk / Sen got the Phillie an' he's gonna light the blunt..." Lyrics
June, 1992 The Chronic (LP) - Dr Dre Lyrical references to chronic - another generic name for skunk weed - are pretty much confined to the between song skits (such as The $20 Sack Pyramid; a game show in which the prize is a bag of pot) that's but one innovative feature of this hip hop landmark. If the subject matter of The Chronic covers much the same violent territory as charted by NWA, at least Dre found some exciting new voices to verbalise it, Snoop Doggy Dogg first among them. The real revelation, however, is in the grooves. Dre's 'G-Funk' blends jazz, funk and soul elements into its hip hop stew, sampling Donny Hathaway, Isaac Hayes, but most of all, Parliament. The Roach is the end of the album and, like it says to the tune of "make my funk the P-Funk": "Make my butt the chronic / I wants to get fucked up".Asked, 'Do you think herb has helped to mellow out a lot of the thug mentality in hip-hop?', Snoop Dogg replied: "On the real, when me and Dre put chronic on the map, we took crack out of the black community. It's erasing the crack that was killing a lot of our people and sending homies to the jailhouse. Now it's more controlled, civilized and more about money and bitches and just smoking. That's the cool shit. Before that, the crackhead niggas was just running wild out there." Lyrics.
1992 How To Roll A Blunt - Red Man Someone had to explain and Redman, a.k.a. Reggie Noble, out of Newark, New Jersey, was happy to oblige on this rhyme from Whut? Thee Album: "Lick the blunt and then the Philly blunt middle you split / Don't have a razor blade, use ya fuckin fingertips / Crack the bag and then you pour the whole bag in / Spread the ism around until the ism reach each end / Take your finger and your thumb from tip to tip / Roll it in a motion then the top piece you lick / Seal it, dry it wit ya lighter if ya gotta / The results, mmmmmmmm....proper." The song also features on The Best Of Redman (1995) with the otherwise unreleased I'm Getting Blunted. Lyric.
1992 Take Two and Pass - Gang Starr From the album, Daily Operation "For that fat fat blunt you know I got this thing / So hand it over cause I wanna get charred / I'm in love with Mary Jane she keeps me large / So don't hog it let's get it moving real fast / Everybody just chill and take like two pulls and pass..." Lyric.
1992 California Über Alles - Disposable Heroes of HiphoprisyThe Dead Kennedy's punk classic updated by Michael Franti on a key track from Hypocrisy Is The Greatest Luxury: "Now its 1992 / Knock knock at your front door, hey guess who? / Its the suede demin secret police / They've come to your house for your long haired niece / Gonna take her off to a camp / 'Cause she's been accused of growing hemp."
1993 Black Sunday (LP) - Cypress Hill The Hill's masterpiece and one of the biggest-selling rap albums of all time includes the hit single, Insane in the Brain, Hits From the Bong and the anthem, I Wanna Get High, based on Bob Marley's One Draw (q.v.): "Yes I smoke shit, straight off the roach clip/ I roach it, roll the blunt at once to approach it / Forward motion make you sway like the ocean / The herb is more than just a powerful potion / What's the commotion, yo I'm not joking around/ People learning about what they're smoking / My oven is on high, when I roast the quail/ Tell Bill Clinton to go and inhale." The version that appears on the first NORML Hempilation was recorded live in 1995 and ends with the chant, "If ya wanna legalize the herb, let me hear you say: pom, pom, pom." Lyrics
1993 I Love You Mary Jane - Cypress Hill & Sonic Youth Proof of Cypress Hill's versatility and mainstream success came with their two collaborations on the hit Judgment Night soundtrack with Pearl Jam (Real Thing) and alternative rock gods, Sonic Youth: "Look who's back on the program / Hookin' up another fly joint / When I flow on the slow jam / When I shift, I kick to go / Like a fat drunk and I light up a fat spliff / Take a whiff / Can you smell that in the air? / When the smoke come out the building from every where."
1994 Smokin' Stix - Coolio The breakthrough album by artist formerly known as Artis Ivey, Jr., It Takes A Thief (Tommy Boy) includes this track about the dubious practice of dunking joints in 'some kind of embalming fluid' which, as the lyric makes clear, is not recommended.
124
1994 Tical - Method Man "In every part of New York there is someone who makes up different slang words that just happen to catch on," explains Clifford Smith, a.k.a. Method Man, sometimes also known as Johnny Blaze. "In Staten Island we used to call weed 'method'. Then my man Lounger cut it down to metical. And then, over the course of time it got cut down to tical." Stepping from the ranks of the Wu Tang Clan, the title track from the Meth's influential debut album on DefJam, produced by RZA, sets the tone with a chorus that goes: "What's that shit that they be smokin? / Tical... tical, tical / Pass it over here... tical... tical, tical / What's that shit the niggaz smokin? Tical... tical, tical / Pass it over here... tical... tical, tical." Method Man's more recent followup solo album is Tical 2000: Judgement Day. Lyric.
1994 I Got That Dank - Master P From the Southern hip hop soldier's first, independent album, The Ghetto's Trying to Kill Me and not to be confused with Half On A Bag Of Dank from Ice Cream Man (1996): "I'm out of dank, my 40's halfway gone / I called my boy King up on the mobile phone / Get a bag, get a bag, of that ziggety zag / Careful don't twerk, cause them niggas smoke that giggety grass / And 5 0 run up on a nigga G / They ain't catching niggas like the fucking piggety P..." Lyric.
1994 Caught By The Fuzz - SupergrassThe British trio's first single, initially on Backbeat Records, just missed the UK top 40 when released by Parlophone later in the year. Included on their first album, I Should Cocao, the song tells the true story of singer Gaz Coombes getting busted at the age of 15: "I talked to a man who says 'better to tell' / Who sold you the blow? / Well it was no one I know. / If only you'd tell us, we'd let you go..."
October, 1994 Homegrown (LP) - DodgyBritish popsters from Birmingham, who promoted their second album, Homegrown - which contains a track called Grassman - by distributing hemp seeds and grow manuals to journalists.
November, 1994 Baby Come Back - Pato Banton featuring Ali & Robin Campbell A version of the old Equal's hit that reached #1 in the UK for the UB40 crew, complete with Pato advertising a "bag of sensi", the better to enjoy his "CD collection of Bob Marley," among the delights with which he's trying to woo his lover to return.
1995 Convicted - HaterWritten by Ben Shepherd and performed by Hater, which includes Soundgarden members Shepherd and Matt Cameron, especially for the NORML Hempilation . Thrash-punk drums, bass and guitars set the pace as Shepherd, playing guitar, sings: "Angry and confused, that's what I'm accused of /I t's my contradiction, I am convicted."
1995 Dope Dogs (LP) - George Clinton & The P-Funk All Stars A sample-heavy concept album about narco dogs! According to George, "We're talking seven dogs in total: U.S. Customs and Coast Guard dogs; one from the DEA, the FBI, the police and from laboratories where drugs are tested. Dogs into dope beats and dopey rhymes, and those dogs who are simply dope on dope, plus dogs who sniff out dope. All these dogs are working undercover. And if you replace people with dogs, you can say anything." Perhaps his most accomplished post-Parliament recording, this album includes Clinton's cover of Follow The Leader by Eric B & Rakim; a collaboration with Primal Scream, Lost Dog; and, on the US version, the definitive mix of the P-Funk live favourite, Dope Dog. The track, US Custom Coast Guard Dope Dog also appears on NORML's Hempilation 2 and on the Sex, Drugs & Democracy CD.
July, 1995 Budsmokers Only - Bone Thugs-N-Harmony Having put Cleveland, Ohio, on the hip-hop map with their 8-track EP, Creepin' On Ah Come Up,, came the raw teenage rappers' massively successful album, E. 1999 Eternal, containing a couple of crucial weed raps, Buddah Lovaz and Budsmokers Only: ("Keep hittin' that reefer, sendin' me straight to heaven. / Keep rollin', smokin', and chokin'"): "Gotta get me some hydro, gotta choke / Let me loc with a little bit of smoke in my throat / Can't let-a me high go, goin' broke / Mo Thug hit the bud up, and then get up upon me inhale / Just light up a blunt, and me roll fat one to get P.O.D.'ded / They label me killa, drugdealer, that realer nigga, Krayzie weeded..." Lyric.
1995 I Got 5 On It - Luniz A great big phat hit single for Dru Down, E-40, Richie Rich, Shock G and Spice 1 from their debut album, Operation Stackola: "I got 5 on it / Grab your 4 and let's get keyed / I got 5 on it / Messin with that Indo weed / I got 5 on it / It's got me stuck and I'm toe-back / I got 5 on it / Potna let's go half on a sack..." Lyric.
125
1995 In the Flow - Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers Written by David 'Ziggy' Marley and recorded by the Melody Makers on the day after the Bob Marley 50th birthday celebration in February, 1995, for their eighth album, Free Like We Want 2 B and for inclusion on the first NORML Hempilation : "Politicians fighting to stop I from lighting / But in harmony, we'll smoke the tree." Lyric
1995 Sensimilla Persecution - Buju Banton A Donovan Germain production of the Swing Easy rhythm for Penthouse records that appeared in the UK on the flipside of the Champion 12" and one of the tracks that charted the dancehall hero's transformation from the ruff neck perpetrator of tracks like Boom Bye Bye and the ultra controversial Batty Riderto the conscious Rastafarianism of today. Naturally, it's included on Buju Banton's recent Ultimate Collection.
1995 Wanna Be A Hippie - Technohead This ravey Summer hit sampled I Like Marijuana by David Peel and the Lower East Side (q.v.): "I wanna be a hippie and I wanna smoke pot / I wanna be a hippy and I wanna smoke a lot." Don't we all?
1996 Eyes a Bleed - Bounty Killer Vol.2 of Tommy Boy's Big Blunts series of reggae weed anthems features three versions of this dancehall rave: the original; a terrific remix by RZA of the Wu Tang Clan featuring Master Killer (which also appears on Wu Chronicles II); plus a remix by Tom LaRoc. Bounty Killer's also responsible for Smoke The Herb, from his 1997 album, Ghetto Gramma.
1996 Super Sharp Shooter - Ganja Kru The DJ crew of Hype, Zinc and Pascal, united by their enthusiasm for potent pot and breakbeat music, pooled their talents on this influential EP, which features the classic Jungle track, Super Sharp Shooter, by DJ Zinc, plus Hype's True Playaz Anthem.
1996 Blunt Time - RBX Unmistakably a Dr. Dre production, from The Aftermath, the chorus unfortunately equates smoking blunts with drinking brandy and toying with 9mm firearms: "Blunt time - pull out your Philly / Sip a glass of 'gnac, reload your nine milli. / Dancin', puffin', sippin' or set trippin' / Dimes keep on flippin', flippin'..." Lyric.
1996 Hemp Museum - B-Legit As envisioned in the title track of the West Coast rapper's debut album - where he celebrates the gangsta life in such titles as Gotta Buy Your Dope From Us and Rollin' Wit Hustlers - the Hemp Museum is a hydroponic growing facility: "No square be allowed in the house of hemp / We campaigns like the President / I got four or five dank rooms / Big screens with Play Stations / Wet bar, perculation / A vacation? / No, more like the Mardi Gras / With hurricanes and thangs that you ain't ever saw..." Lyric.
May 1996 Fuzzy Logic (LP) - The Super Furry AnimalsThe sleeve of the enduring Welsh eccentrics' first album on Creation featured multiple portraits of the celebrated Welsh hash smuggler, Howard Marks, showing the various disguises he adopted while on the run. The album contains a track called Hangin' Out With Howard Marks and Mr Nice evidently hung out with the boyos long enough to get a production credit for a mix of their single, The Man Don't Give A Fuck (Creation 247).
September, 1996 The Day We Caught The Train - Ocean Colour SceneThe band's breakthrough hit from their Moseley Shoals album contains the line, "Roll a number, write another song like Jimmy heard the day he caught the train." Lyric
1997 The Battle Of Who Could Care Less - Ben Folds Five From their album, Whatever and Ever Amen: "Watch the Rockford Files / Call to see if Paul can score some weed / Do you never rest / Fighting the battle of who could care less". Lyric
1997 Everybody's Smoking Cheeba - The DonnasTrack from the feisty rock chicks' first album. Lyric Real Audio Sample
1997 Weed & Money - Master P feat. Silkk The Shocker Master P's lyrical explorations of this theme include Dope, Pussy & Money from Mama's Bad Boy (1993) and
126
this from the Ghetto D album, which album also includes Pass Me Da Green: "I stack greens like cheese / Smoke weed with g's / Sell cream to fiends / And roll with beams..." Lyric.
1998 Dub Mentality - Asian Dub FoundationFrom Rafi's Revenge (London Records): "Dub is the place we come to argue and debate / It isn't just a backdrop for our herbal intake... Dub is the teacher / Jungle is the preacher."
August, 1998 Can-I-Bus (LP) - Canibus The Jamaican-born rapper, aka Germaine Williams, known for delivering a lyrical KO to LLCoolJ and seen by many as the anointed successor to Rakim, Canibus' first album, produced by Wycleff Jean delivers "twin turbine rhymes with four thousand pounds of thrust" that are unequivocally powered by the herb, although overt weed rhymes are few. The track, Buckingham Palace however, is unmistakably inspired by U-Roy's Chalice In The Palace.
November, 1998 Sidemousin' The Bong - Mike Watt Especially written by the pioneering punk bassist for Hempilation 2 and recorded with his old sparring partner from fIREHOSE and The Minutemen, George Hurley, on drums, along with violinist Petra Haden, who also sang, plus Stephen Perkins - the drummer of Porno for Pyros and Jane's Addiction renown - on steel drum, percussion, extra high-hat, and bong hits - nine in a row!
1999 One Good Spliff - Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers From the Spirit of Music (Elektra) album, the cover of which shows a young Rasta - possibly Ziggy - obscured by wreathes of smoke, the words to this song were written by Stephen Marley: "Said I don't drink coffee / For they say / It's just not right for me / But what makes me irie / Is if I could get a little piece of tree / And build one good spliff..." It's also included on the Melody Makers Live album, Live 1. Lyric.
1999 Nitro Burnin' Funny Bong - GWAR Gods Were Alien Reptiles? Gosh, We Are Revolting? Gnarly Wankers And Retards? Whatever, Gwar is a theatrical punk-metal ensemble that makes monstrous music with lyrics that mostly extend their own bizarre mythology. This track from their fifth album, We Kill Everything - a riposte to Nitro Burnin' Funny Cars by The Dead Milkmen - is typical: "So I'm stuck on this planet and I'm hooked on the weed / And the crack and the booze and the pills and the speed / And the sex and the mud and the blood and the shit..." and typically funny: "I'm talkin bout the Nitro-Burnin Funny Bong / Just one hit, your life goes wrong / Nitro-burning funny bong / Another stupid stoner song..." Lyric.
1999 100 Dollar Bag - Beenie Man"An a guess mi a guess / Dis is what I believing / Get di sensimilla is di real born healing / When mi smoke di sensi, make mi reach to di ceiling / I nah go deal with no stealing / Well, di coke, di crack, di heroin / Dat mi no dealing / An di sensimilla give yah natural feeling / Coke mash dem up an leave di whole a dem screaming / Good sensimilla man burning..." One of the Biggest Ragga Dancehall Anthems '99 (Greensleeves). Lyric.
2000 Weed Song - Bone Thugs-N-Harmony Overt weed references on the Thugs' 1997 double album, The Art Of War were limited to Krayzie's interlude on disc 2, Blaze It ("If reefer really makes you happy, nigga blaze it, hell yeah, hell yeah / Stay smokin', chokin', rollin' blunts and we love it..."), but BTNResurrection sees the whole crew of Krayzie, Wish, Flesh, Layzie and Bizzy jamming on this particular weed song: "You know that weed can really ease your mind / Every time I smoke good reefer, that Indo high makes me fly / If everybody smoked a blunt, relieve the mind, the world could be a better place / If everybody took a break and we all just got wasted..." Lyric
127
Herb - by Peter Tosh
Prevod: vox@reggatrain.com---------------------------------------------------------
Napomena: Namerno je ostavljen izraz `biljka` (herb) jer se odnosi na prirodno izrastao Kanabis, nekultivisan--------------------------------------------------------
Chovek nije cenjen u drushtvu kome je biljka degradacija, jer po takvim zakonima depriviran je samo `mali chovek` i ide u zatvor ili je izlozen policijskog brutalnosti. Samo mali chovek.
Doshao sam do zakljucka da cela planeta - recimo 99% planete - na neki nachin povezana sa biljkom, jer zvali je gandza ili ne, ona je ono shto raste. Gandza je ptica u Australiji, Gandza je mesto u Rusiji, gandza je mnogo razlicitih stvari, ali ipak nije kako je oni kazu, legalna. Siromashni koji nemaju svoja ustavna prava, bivaju kaznjeni.
Mi volimo slobodnu biljku (besplatnu), choveche. Jer kazu da unishtava celu planetu (ljude na celoj planeti) ali ne unishtava celu planetu vec samo siromashni bivaju kaznjeni zbog nje. Jer siromashni chovek ide u zatvor zbog biljke, a `veliki chovek` samo prolazi u svojoj limunzini. I preko njega imamo predstavu o tome kako drushtvo vidi choveka `gospodine Braun ne dirajte je (biljku) / pustite prokletnika neka ide. Da, da, choveche! Upravo tako! Ja pushim biljku, ja je dajem drugima i idem slobodno. Ti, veliki choveche, pushish biljku, i idesh slobodno. I samo zato shto si `veci`, vozish veca kola od mene i zivsh na Beverli Hilsu, dominirash celom planetom. Svi vi poticete josh od prokletnika Kristofera Kolumba, Pirata Morgana, Frensis Drejka. Svi su oni isti, prokletnici. Kakav su to oni posao vodili? Legalan posao? Seli bi, pili viski i rekli `Hajde da nachinimo zakon`. Samo mali chovek stalno oseca inkriminaciju biljke. Svaki zakon o ilegalnosti je uperen protiv obichnog choveka. A mali chovek je taj koji gradi resurse na zemlji.
Da,da, choveche! Ropstvo je napushteno! To je bilo u 16 i 17. veku, a sada je napushteno! Uchinite pravu stvar i pustite svakog choveka da bude zadovoljan. Svaki resurs na zemlji se mora pravilno distribuirati. Biljka postoji da bi je chovek koristio, a ne prokleti pijanci. Biljka je tu za (u)potrebu od strane pravih judi a ne od strane malih prokletnika u njihovim odajama! Chovek mora imati biljku jer on odrzava zemlju do danashnjice. Ne chovek u limunizini, ne prokletnik koji se razbacuje u luksuzu. I oni stvaraju zakone. Prokletnici! Takve stvari me razbesne. To je neka vrsta ludnice u kojoj su ti prokletnici svesno besni, i ja moram da trpim takvu situaciju, sve dok se ona ne promeni,znash?.Ljudi su dotle doshli sada, choveche.
Ekonomski pritisci uznemiruju sve, i biljka cini da prestanesh da mislish o svemu shto se dogadja sada. Ona zele da dominiraju, da je iskorene, i zamene drogama. Dolaze i zasipaju nas njom, proletnici! Trip (LSD) unishtava vashe glave. Mudri ljudi koriste biljku. Mi to mozemo da ucinimo. Moramo izaci iz ovog pakla, ili ga moramo pustiti da ode iz nas. Shta mislish choveche? Isuvishe teshko za njih? Pa, znam da je to ispravno.
Kazu da je biljka opasna droga za upotrebu ali ja je upotrebljavam svaki dan i nikada ne umirem. Pa zashto se boriti protiv mene? Chist Vavilon. Djubrivo dolazi od ulja. Ah, djubre. Ulje i biljka se ne meshaju. Da choveche. Biljka mora kao svaka biljka doci od prirode. Samo je pustite da raste, i ne brinite odakle dolazi. Ako propadne, ili ako se rasprostrani. Svejedno je dobro.Ali chim je djubrite, postaje opasna. Od nje boli stomak. Osecash se kao da cesh povratiti, choveche. Ali ako popushish dobru biljku i uputish svoj Um ka mestu na kome je inspiracija, biljka je tako dobra.
Originalni tekst-------------------
A man is not too big in society if herb is degradation of society, because accordin' to de law of herb, only de small man get deprive, or go to prison, or bein' brutalize by police for Herb. Only de small man.
Me come to de conclusion that de whole earth - well, let's say 99 percent of de earth - have some form affiliation wit' de herb, because dem call it ganja, an don't know ganja is a t'ing dat grow. Ganga is a bird in Australia, or ganja is a place in Russia, an' ganja is whole lotta different t'ing, but nothin' pertainin' to what him callin' it, legal t'ing. And the poor man who don' know him constitutional right, just get fucked.
128
Well, we like herb for free, man. Because it is fuckin' up de whole earth, an' is not fuckin' up de whole earth. fuckin' up de small man, cause only de small man at all time go to blood-clot jeal for herb, an' de beeg man just pass in him limousine. An' if he can have on him certain identification that society see man, o-so-well-it's- mister-Brown don'-touch-it/blood-clot-let-him-go-on. An' oh, Yes man! just right! Me smoke herb! Me smoke herb, me pass my herb, me goin' free. You bigger, you smoke herb an'you pass it, an' you goin' free. But because you bigger an' you drive a bigger car dan me, an' you live up a Beverly Hill an'dem bum-clot, then you mus' come, you dominate de whole earth. An now dem jine dat ras-clot Christopher Columbus, ras-clot, Pirate Morgan, Francis Drake. All dem same, dem fuckers. Dem kinda work used to work, man, legal laws, dem sit around an' drink dem blood-clot whiskey and say, "Haw, haw, haw, Let us make a law," callin em fucker an' t'ing, yes mon. Ya man, an' is just de small man feel it at all times. An' de small man, is not only domination of herb him feel ... incrimination of herb; evryt'ing, every illegal law is put up to fight against the small man. An' is de small man who is buildin' up the resource of the earth.
Yes man! Slavery abolish! Dat was from about eighteenth or so sixteenth blood-clot century ago, dem say slavery abolish! Do right an' let every man be satisfied. Earth resource must be distribute right. Herb was made fot the use of man, an' not for de use of some blood-clot drunkard. Herb was made for de use of man, an' not men in dem likkle blood-clot chamber! An'man must get herb cause man' keep de earth runnin' till today. Not men in him likkie limousine, dem likkle bloodclot luxurious fucker. An dem make de law. Ras-clot! Dem t'ing get me mad. Yeah, man. It's not me alone dat get mad. It's in some kinda madhouse de ras-clot where some stay consciously mad and I have to us just abide wit' de situation, until de situation changes, y'know? But man, bum-clot, come to dat now, man. Economical pressure, dem raise up everyting, an' herb will keep you from t'inkin' about what's going on now. Dem wanna come dominate. Dem put out, dem wanna bring out dem drugs. Come spring it up on us, fucker! Dem trip, dem fuck up your head. Wise man use herb. We can do dat. We have to get out of hell man, whadaya-mean, or let hell get out of us. What you t'ink man? Too heavy for dem? Well, I know it is right.
Dem say dat herb is a dangerous drug, and pie-zen, an' every day I pie-zen myself an' nevah die. So why? Fight against I? Pure Babylon. Fertilizer come from oil. An' rubbish. Oil an' herb don't mix. Yes, man. Herb must as plant, come by nature. jus' grow, an' it don' care how it come. If it knot, or if it spread out. It nice same way. But as soon ya fertilize it, man, it pure fucker. Your belly hurt. Ah, ya feel bad like ya wanna vomit, man. Yes, man. But if you smoke some nice herb an' put your mind somewhere where inspiration flows, herb so nice.
High Times Magazine, Sept. 1976
RAS ROBERT NESTA MARLI O BILJCI
Uvod i odlomak iz jednog od poslednjih intervjuaRas Bob Nesta Marlija, vodio: Mumia Abu Jamal
Prevod: [email protected]
Africki travar, pastir drevnih duhova, jaci u smrti nego shto je bio u zivotu. Mucenik, na koga secanje gori svetlo u umovima crnih ljudi shirom sveta. Neka dugo zivi njegov duh medju nama
Mumia Abu Jamal
Rege muzika, na Jamajci rodjen zvuk Rastafarijanske vere, brzo dobija sledbenike i obozavaoce ovde u Americi. Koreni regea rastu u stablo iz prljavshtine, degradacije i borbe Africke klase na Jamajci i nose sa sobom mocan sastojak: nadu. Dok su njeni koreni duboko u zemlji Jamajke, seme dolazi iz Afrike, rodnog mesta citave ljudske rase. Ljubitelji regea nece zaboraviti besprekornu formu Robert Nesta Marlija, jer je pesmom odagnao Vavilon ("Chant down Babylon"), njegov zivot je sirov odraz otpora trajnoj dominaciji nad Africkim narodom, kod kuce ili u inostranstvu, ovde usred Vavilonske Amerike. Marli, vishe od shamana, Majstor Muzike, bio je covek koga je pokretala njegova Ljubav za narode Afrike. Tokom njegovog poslednjeg javnog nastupa ovde, Marli bi sedeo satima, odgovarao na pitanja i deleci svoj najdragoceniji posed: vreme. Njegov ton nije bio udaljen niti tezak. Bio je, nalik obicnom coveku a ne zvezdi, krajnje topao, iskren i pri zemlji. Za njega je prilika da propoveda bila blagoslov, i cesto je pricao/propovedao o Rastafariju, pokretu izbavljejnja dusha Crnih ljudi. Bila je to jesen 1979., vazduh napolju je zahladneo, ali u smeshtaju Veilersa vazduh je bio taman, topao i ispunjen prijatnim mirisom sensimilije, mocne vrste gandze. Marli bi ispunio pluca, izbacio sivkast oblak i pustio je dalje. Njegove oci bi zasjale pune radosti dok je govorio, jer je ocigledno uzivao u ulozi Rasta mentora crnoj Americi, ulogu koju sudbina moze uvecati i koje ce eskalirati,
129
do vremena, kada njegovo ime,sve shto secanje na njega nosi sa sobom ne oslobodi mocni potencijal drugih mucenika starih vremena
Malcolm X, Marcus Garvey, Paul Bogle, Fred Hampton ...
-------------------------------------------Mumia: Znacaj biljke ... cveta?
BM: Biljka? Biljka je izlecenje nacije, vidish? Kada jednom pocnete da pushite biljku, svi morate misliti na slican nacin. Ako razmisljate na slican nacin, znaci da ste na istom putu. A kada ste na istom putu, to znaci da cete se ujediniti. Neki kazu `nemojte pushiti biljku`. Oni ne zele da se ujedinimo pa zato kazu `nemojte pushiti biljku` (smeh) ... To je istina! Zato treba da znate da biljka jeste lecenje nacije, i ljudi moraju nabaviti biljku za sopstvenu upotrebu. Ako zele da je pushe, pustite ih da je pushe, ako zele da je kuvaju u caj, neka je kuvaju u caj, ako zele da je kuvaju u pari, neka je kuvaju, ako zele da pojedu malo, neka je jedu, ali je moraju koristiti ako zele! To je istina. Da, covece, to je razlog zashto ja kazem, imate prodavnice pica, i zato shto znaju da ljudi moraju da pushe imate mnoshtvo cigareta, ali ne zele da pushite biljku, zar ne? Zato shto, kao shto znate, alkohol vas ubija, a biljka izgradjuje! (Because, as ya know, the alcohol kill ya, and herb build ya!)
Mumia: Pravedno!
BM: Da, biljka cini da zivish. Ljudi koje znam da pushe biljku zive najduze! Dza zna! Istina, istina! Pushaci biljke zive najduze na Zemlji, covece - istina! Znam coveka od kada sam bio mali koji pushi biljku i rastao sam i vidim, on je od kada znam isti covek! (smeh) ... On je Rasta, znash? Zove se Robert. Nikada se ne menja. Gledam ga kroz godine, nikada se ne menja ... To je Rasta, znash ...
130
131
PRILOZI IIIInformacije
PRILOG P-III-1: INTERNET RESURSI 108PRILOG P-III-4: SADRŽAJ PRATEĆEG CD-a
110
SAJTOVI
INFORMACIJE
EROWID
www.erowid.org
DOMAĆI SAJTOVI INFO/ O PREVENCIJI
www.nida.nih.gov/Infofax
www.fonas.org.yu
http://www.doctor.co.yu/
http://www.neuro-so.org.yu/ http://www.mediaclub.cg.yu/ http://www.krstarica.co.yu/
INDUSTRIJSKA UPOTREBA
http://naihc.org
ORGANIZACIJE ZA REFORMU KANABIS ZAKONA
http://www.norml.org – National Organisation for Marihuana Law Reforms (USA)
www.usmjpaty.com – US Marihuana partija
www.ale-yarok.org.il - Ale Yarok, Izraelska partija za dekriminalizaciju kanabisa
SAJTOVI AKTIVISTA
132
HIGH TIMES MAGAZINE
http://www.hightimes.com/
YAHOOKA Community
www.yahooka.com
CANNABIS NEWS
http://www.cannabisnews.com/
MARIJUANA
http://www.marijuana.com/
Slovenci
www.konoplja.org
Galerija slika
www.grow.de/gallery-hanfscene.htm
UK Cannabis Activists
http://www.ukcia.org/
360 Marijuana community
http://www.360marijuana.com/
DOMAĆI
Irie People
www.irie-people.com
Kampanja za kanabis
http://www.legalizuj.tk/
Jugoslovenski marihuana pokret
www.yuotpor.s5.com/mail.html
Weedikovac (skinut)
http://www.weedikovac.com/
Napomena: neki od ovih i mnogi drugi linkovi se nalaze na CD-u u direktorijumu links
133
Medicine
The Emperor Wears No Clothes
• Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base Institute of Medicine's report on marijuana.
History
• The Emperor Wears No Clothes Jack Herer's book, partially online. • How Marijuana Became Illegal Smokedot.org's take of the history of criminalisation. • A Brief History of the War on Drugs
Advocacy
• Pro-cannabis o Marijuana Policy Project o NORML National organisation for the reform of marijuana laws. o Cannabis News A nonprofit news clipping/tracking and discussion site. o Cannabis.com
• Anti-cannabis o Parent. The Anti-Drug. o freevibe Office of National Drug Control Policy web site aimed at parents and teens. o Basic facts about drugs:Marijuana. American Council for Drug Education factoids.
Misc
• War on Drugs FAQ • BBC Panoroma programme on medical trials • [4] Canadian Foundation for Drug Policy: Senate hearing on cannabis. • WHO report on Cannabis health effects
134
UPUTSVO ZA KORIŠEČENJE:
Formati fajlova (uputstva za korisnike Windowsa, sav sličan softver se dobija uz CD/DVD distribucije Linuxa)
Većina direktorijuma sa informacijama je ZIP-ovana kako bi stala na disk. Potreban je Linux, Windows Millenium ili bilo koji Windows sa WInZIP, WinRAR ili WinACE softverom (nije na disku)
Formati fajova na disku:
- Slike GIF, JPEG )Windows 95 i bolji, ili instalirati ACDSee)- PDF (Instalirati Adobe Acrobat Reader sa diska)- Microsoft Word (potreban Office 97 ili bolji)- HTM (Win98 i bolji, ili instalirati Opera browser sa CD-a)- MP3/MP3PRO – Windows Millenium ili bolji, ili instalirati WinAmp pa MP3Pro decoder
Napomena: Imenovanja fajlova su u Windows formatu. Linux i DOS korisnici mogu iskusiti neprijatnosti. Izvinjavam se, biće ispravljeno u narednoj verziji diska.
Podrška, pomoć, osmesi: [email protected]
Love & Respect
“Aho, Aho, Satta A Massagana, Lord
Me Chant, Me Chant
ME NO FEAR BABYLON
TELL DEM SEH I MAN A TRUE GANJAMAN
NO, ME NO FEAR BABYLON
TELL DEM SEH I AM A TRUE GANJAMAN
TAKE A LOOK IN GENESIS, ME SEH, BOOK NUMBER ONE
JAH MADE HERB
FI DI HUMAN
SADŽAJ DISKA – 460 MB
OTPAKOVANO
• Ova brošura (NASLOVNA, BROŠURA)• One Spliff.mp3 172K mp3 u manjoj bitaži, izvod iz pesme “Morgan Heritage – Nice Up U Meditation”
(3 in 1 LP, 2003) – idealno za džingl i slanje internetom• Besplatan i probni softver - POKLON 79MB korisnog softvera, legalno
135
• Muzika – 353MB Mp3 i Mp3pro reggae/ragga/hiphop zvuka i nešto džinglova. 3 pripremljena diska od po 80 minuta
• Rečnik slenga
ZAPAKOVANO ZIP-om
• Centralna istraživanja komisija – izveštaji vladama Jamajke, SAD, Kanade 3,7MB• Džoint ludilo – malo o Reefer Madnessu koji negde još traje 470K• Hemija THC – 450K • Industijska biljka - o industrijskoj primeni kanabisa 1,5MB• Istraživanja – 4,8MB• Kanabis aktivisti – Predstavljamo 14 aktivnih organizacija kod nas i u svetu 9,7MB• Kanabis je ... 1,2MB• Knjige – Domaće knjige o prevenciji – 266K• Kontarverze – podaci/pojašnjenja u ovom dokumentu navedenih i drugih kontraverzi 7,4 MB• Linkovi – 123 korisna linka – razvrstano• Medical Marihuana – o medicinskoj upotrebi 7,2MB• Mediji o ... Domaći press clipping 1MB• O drugim drogama – osnovne informacije, 0,5MB• Partije – marihuana partije 1,6MB• Pravo - Dokumneti i promene 3,8MB• Prevencija – Strani programi prevencije marihuane, prevashodno SAD - 18MB• Razno• Slike – 32 slike 3,5 MB• Tekstovi – 12 pesama• Vladine informacije – 1,6MB
NA ZAHTEV: REEFER MADNESS DIVX 250MB
136
