7/31/2019 Osnove analize podataka u naucnom istrazivanju

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MEMFLYM W@JMZMOMX EMXE@N L[ZRMLSMEIX

@[E@SH MEMFLYHW@JMZMOM X EMXE@N

L[ZRMLSMEIX

Ho`e`n{ol cmoxfzhz&

Bh`armj& 27=7

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Klfi memflyh w`jmzmom

Wr`kh{ j`e`heim `jfxom

W`jmkl Lec`rnmklih @jfxoh

W@JMKL LEC@RNMKLIH YEMEIH NXJR@[Z

Memflym

w`jmzmom

Wr`kh{

j`e`heim`jfxom

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MEMFLYM W@JMZMOM

Lc |`x j`ez oe`q qdhrh |`xrh a`lea&|`x nladz hej xw {`nhqdhrh hf{h%

\`al Bhrrm

W`zheklimf memflyh w`jmzmom9 x hnx {h `afhjm n` l ehn` memflyh

w`jmzmom0

X rmyfllzln l{zrmlsmeilnm {h wrlnheixix rmyfllzh

zhdeloh memflyh w`jmzmom& mfl ym {smo` l{zrmlsmeihih eh`wd`je` jm {h lysrl xe`{ w`jmzmom&hjlz`smeih w`jmzmom& o`jlrmeih $wrho`jlrmeih,&%%%% wrhyhezmklim w`jmzmom%

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WR@KH[ WRLWRHNMEIM W@JMZMOM YM MEMFLYX

=% Wrhflnlemrel wfme memflyh w`jmzmom

2% Wrhafhj xwlzelom l smfljmklim w`jmzmom

;% Xrhlsmeih $hjlz`smeih, w`jmzmom

:% O`jlrmeih w`jmzmom

8% Xe`{ w`jmzmom

3% Wrhlmsmeih l {zmzl{zlo`

n`jlclo`smeih w`jmzmom

1% Zmbhfmre` wrhj{zmsfimeih w`jmzmom

4% [hfhoklim {zrmzhalih memflyh w`jmzmom

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Wrhafhj xwlzelom l smfljmklim w`jmzmom

W`{z`il slh rmyf`am yb`a o`ild xwlzelkl n`ax blzl ehwrldsmzfilsl& om` z` {x9

ehw`zwxel jhf`slxwlzelom& ehj`{zmzmo ihjeh lfl slh {zrmem xwlzelom&

{l{zhnmz{ol lfl {fxmie`wrh{o`hem wlzmeim&

ehmjhosmze`{z xwlzelomx {nl{fx ymjmz`azlwm xy`rom&om` z` ih em wrlnhr ehj`s`fime br`i xwlzelom x ihje`ios`zl& m wrhslh x jrxa`i os`zl&

nmfm smrlime{m `ja`s`rmx xwlzelox $em wrlnhr&l{wlzmelo ih `ja`s`rl` o`j {sld wlzmeim em {omfl `j = j`

1 {m ;,&

xwlzelo ih wrlnfihe yemze` om{elihx `je`{x em im{e`wrhklylrme ormieil r`o j`{zmsfimeim xwlzelom l {f%

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Smfljmklim w`jmzmom

Smfljmklim w`jmzmomw`jrmyxnhsm wr`shrmsmeih`w{hrsmklim& xwlzelom lfl khf`oxwe`a l{wlzlsmeim jm

fl {x {wr`shjhel o`rhoze` bhy wrl{zrm{e`{zl lfl

emnhreld arhmom $cmf{lclomzm& wrhsmrm l {f%,% Smfljmklim . wr`shrmsmeih osmflzhzm w`jmzmom

$ALA@ wrleklw Amrbmah Le& Amrbmah @xz,

X wr`kh{x smfljmklih w`e`seln w`yls`nwr`shrmsm {h l{wxeihe`{z `sld x{f`sm%

7/31/2019 Osnove analize podataka u naucnom istrazivanju

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Xrhlsmeih . hjlz`smeih w`jmzmom$`zorlsmeih arhmom l eild`sm o`rhoklim,

N`axl wr`bfhnl9

Arhom meohzmrm em wrlnhr& meohzmr elih j`{zmsl` mjhosmzehle{zrxoklih l{wlzmelklnm?

Ehj`{zmixl `ja`s`rl l{wlzmelo elih `ja`s`rl` em ehomwlzmeim?

Ehim{e`{z ehim{me `ja`s`r l{wlzmelom& om` z` ih em wrlnhr

{fxmi omjm ih l{wlzmelo ym`orxl` `ja`s`rh w`j br`ihn ; l : em{omfl `j = j` 1& m zrml {h ihjle{zshe `ja`s`r? Ehx{ofmhe`{z `ja`s`rl em ehom wlzmeim n`ax blzl f`alol

eho`eyl{zhezel% Em wrlnhr& `ja`s`r l{wlzmelom jm ihje`nnh{he` `bmsfim rhj`seh wrhafhjh mxz`n`blfm& m jrxal `ja`s`rjm ehnm mxz`n`blf?

Ehj`s`fiem o``whrmzlse`{z or`y ely `ja`s`rm em wlzmeim n`h{h sljhzl ehs`fie`{z l{wlzmelom jm `ja`smrm em ehom wlzmeim& lflarxwx wlzmeim?

Eh`ja`smrmixl l{wlzmelo mo` ih l{zrmlsmeihn wrhjslhe` jmxy`rmo leh l{wlzmelkl {zmrlil `j 2= a`jleh& m l{wlzmelo ehl{wxeimsm zmi x{f`s%

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Xrhlsmeih . hjlz`smeih w`jmzmom

N`axm rhheim ym x`heh wr`bfhnh9

ZRHZNME

EHYMJ@S@FIMSMIXLD@JA@S@RM

W`srmzmo em zhrhe

$w`e`s` o`ezmozlrmzl

l{wlzmeloh,

L{ofixheih $brl{meih,khf`a xwlzelom .

l{wlzmelom {m

ehymj`s`fimsmixln`ja`s`rlnm

Ehlzol `ja`s`rl lfl

eh`ja`s`rhem wlzmeim{h o`jlrmix x

omzha`rlil

eh yemn lfl ehnmnnlfiheih

L{ofixheih w`jmzmom {mn`ym ehj`{zmixh `ja`s`rh

$wr`nhefilsh,& m `{zmfl

w`jmkl x xwlzelox `{zmix x

memflyl

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lcrlrmeih $o`jlrmeih, w`jmzmom

[zrxozxrm wlzmeim9

Ymzs`rhem wlzmeim {zrxozxlrmem wlzmeim9 jld`z`nem wlzmeim wrlnhr w`f

wlzmeim {m slh{zrxoln lyb`r`n `ja`s`rm . Em wrlnhr ym wlzmeih `xh{zmf`{zl o`rlheim `jrhhe`a zlwm wr`lys`jm n`ax blzl wrhjslhel {fhjhl

`ja`s`rl l o`j`sl9

o`rl{zln am slh wxzm {hjnle` o`j =&

w`srhnhe` am o`rl{zln $ nlelnmfe` = wxz nh{he`, o`j 2&

rhzo` am o`rl{zln $ihje`n x z`ox slh nh{hkl, o`j ;&

elomjm am eh o`rl{zln o`j :%

@zs`rhem wlzmeim eh{zrxozxlrmem wlzmeim

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lcrlrmeih $o`jlrmeih, w`jmzmom

@{e`sel wrleklw $x{f`sl, o`jlrmeim9 Omzha`rl{meih `ja`s`rm n`rm jm l{wxeimsm jsm x{f`sm9

x{f`s l{ofixls`{zll x{f`s w`zwxe`{zl $l{krwe`{zl,

Ymzs`rhem wlzmeim . wrhk`jlea W`{z`ih lcrh . o`j`sl wrh wrloxwfimeim w`jmzmom

@zs`rhem wlzmeim9 w`{zk`jlea

lcrh {h `jrhxix emo`e z` {h xwlzelkl j`{zmsh {m zhrhem%

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Wlzmeih9

Ymz` wrhchrlrmzh K`famzhx `je`{x em Bfhej.m.nhjwm{zx ym yxbh0

@ja`s`rl9

=% K`famzhwm{zm ym yxbh ih osmflzhzelim2% K`famzhwm{zm ym yxbh lnm elx khex;% K`famzhwm{zm ym yxbh ih xox{elim:% Slh s`fln wmo`smeih K`famzhwm{zh ym yxbh8% Ymz` z` {h K`famzhwm{zm ym yxbh ym nheh slh l{wfmzl3% Eh j`wmjm nl {h xox{ wm{zh Bfhej.m.nhj

1% K`famzhwm{zm ym yxbh {wrhmsm wr`wmjmeih yxbm4% K`famzhwm{zm ym yxbh nl jmih {sh jmd

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O@JLRMEIH. W`{zk`jlea

@wl{ omzha`rlih @ja`s`rl lcrm omzha`rlih

Osmflzhzelim / elm khem / l{wfmzlslim =&2&8 =

Xox{elim / eh j`wmjm nl {h xox{Bfhej.m.nhj.m/

ehwrlimzme xox{Bfhej.m.nhj.m/ $Xox{,

;&3&=2 2

B`fih wmo`smeih / fhwl lyafhj wmo`smeim$Wmo`smeih.h{zhzlom,

:&< ;

[wrhmsm wr`wmjmeih yxbm / {wrhmsm omrlih{ /yjrmslim $Yjrmsfih,

1&=:&=8 :

[sh jmd / {slm nl {h nlrl{ $Jmd.nlrl{, 4&=7 8

[slm nl {h rhofmnm / orhmzlselim rhofmnm$Rhofmnm,

==&=; 3

@{zmf` =3 1

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Xe`{ w`jmzmom

KMZL $K`nwxzhr.M{{l{zhj Zhfhwd`eh Lezhrslhqlea, zhfhc`e{o`alezhrsixm xy w`n` rmxemrm?

KMWL $K`nwxzhr.M{{l{zhj Whr{`emf Lezhrslhqlea, fle`a lezhrsixm embmyl rmxemrm?

Lezhrehzm $QHB mwflomklih, . xe`{ l shrlclomklim w`jmzmom {h`bhybhxih jlrhoze` wrlflo`n wrloxwfimeim w`jmzmom%

zm{zmzxrh rmxemrm& o`il {h o`rl{zh o`j ihje`{zmseld zhfhc`e{old

lezhrsixm& lezhrsixm o`j oxh lfl em xflkl& lfl zrmjlkl`emfeld lezhrsixm wrho`ofm{leh w`zh?

c`rnh ym xe`{ `yemheld `ja`s`rm $nmro {he{h c`rn{,& o`ilymdzhsmix jm {h `ja`s`rl bhfhh w`{hbe`n `f`so`n x xemwrhjwrlwrhnfiheln {f`a`slnm o`il {x sh o`jlrmel ym `ja`s`rh& l o`ihnmlem jlrhoze` lzm?

`wzlold {ohehrm& o`il jlrhoze` lzmix `ja`s`rh l xafmse`n {hwrlnheixix o`j j`br` {zrxozxlrmeld l{wlzlsmeim o`im {h h{z` w`emsfimix?

{l{zhnm ym memflyx w`n`x rmxemr{old {hey`rm $k`nwxzhrl{hj{he{`r| memf|{l{ {|{zhn{,& o`j o`ild {h wlzmeim w`imsfixix emrmxemr{o`i nrhe`i w`jf`yl $k`nwxzhrl{hj arljwmj, l `ja`s`rl {h

jlrhoze` bhfhh x nhn`rlil rmxemrm w`n`x {he{`r{old xrhmim%

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@ramelymklim xsmeim w`jmzmom Zho{z cmif`sl Zmbhfh $Htkhf l {f% ,

Bmyh w`jmzmom Wr`armnl ym {zmzl{zlkox memflyx w`jmzom

W`jmkl ` ihje`n l{wlzmelox {f`a x jmz`zhkl

W`fim

Br`ihsl o`f`em

L{wlzmelo =.; : 8.3 1.4 23%%%%%%%% ;8 11

= 77= = ;= 7= 38::2;:88; 8

2 772 = ;= 7= 883::;8:;; :

; 77; = ;= 7= :3882:;;2: :

: 77: = ;= 7= 8:3;2::3:8 3

%%% %%% %%%% %%%

22= 22= = ;= 88 3382;8::;8 8

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lcmrelo

Br`i

o`f`eh

Br`i

Wr`nhefilsh

Lnh

wr`nhefilsh

Br`i

wlzmeim

Le{zrxoklih ym

lcrlrmeih

=.; = Ljhezlclomkl`el br`i L{wlzmelom 77= j` 4

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[W[[ HJLZ@R W@JMZMOM

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JHCLEL[MEIH WR@NHEFILSLD X [W[[.xrhelo w`jmzmom

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[zmzl{zlo` n`jlclo`smeih w`jmzmom

=% W`ejhrl{meih w`jmzmom&2% Rh{whklclomklim $wrho`jlrmeih, wr`nhefilsld

;% Zrme{c`rnmklim w`jmzmom

=% W`ejhrl{meih w`jmzmom&Wrlnhr9

klfi nmrohzleo`a l{wlzlsmeim ih jm {h wr`xl omosh {h wr`nhehn`ax xrmjlzl em `jrhhe`n wr`lys`jx jm bl {h w`{whlfm wr`jmim9

shreln w`zr`mlnm wr lys`jm . w`ejhr;&xnhrheln ${rhjeiln, w`zr`mlnm. w`ejhr2&

w`srhnheln w`zr`mlnm w`ejhr. =

ehw`zr`mlnm $l{wlzmelklnm o`il x`wzh eh o`rl{zh, w`ejhr7

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2% Rh{whklclomklim $wrho`jlrmeih, wr`nhefilsld

Rmyf`yl oxw`sleh o`ynhzlo`a wr`lys`jm@rlalemfem wr`nhefilsm9 E`sm wr`nhefilsm9

=% w`s`fiem khem 2% x zrhejx ih =% el{om khem ;% ihczle rh{whklclomklim 2% n`jel zrhej :% fmo` {h wrlnheixih ;% ihje`{zmsem wrlnhem 8% n`jhrme

3% ihje`{zmse` {h eme`{l

W`f [zmr`{z E`sm wr`nhefilsm 9 heh nfml nfmh heh

nxomrkl {zmrlil {zmrlih heh nfml nxomrkl {zmrlil nxomrkl

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2% Rh{whklclomklim $wrho`jlrmeih, wr`nhefilsld

shzmoh wr`nhefilsh $jxnn| smrlmbfh{,

@wzh wrmslf` ym c`rnlrmeih shzmoh wr`nhefilsh ih{zh9 omzha`rli{om wr`nhefilsmlnm O omzha`rlim& o`rl{zl {h O.= shzmold wr`nhefilsld%

Srhnh

oxw`sleh

@rlalemfel

o`j`sl

Shzmoh wr`nhefilsh

T=

T2

T;

L osmrzmf = $M, 7 7 7

LL osmrzmf 2 $B, = 7 7

LLL osmrzmf ; $K, 7 = 7

LS osmrzmf : $J, 7 7 =

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[zmzl{zlo` n`jlclo`smeih w`jmzmom

;% zrme{c`rnmklim w`jmzmom nhrheld em rmyfllzln nhreln{omfmnm%

Em wrlnhr& {zmejmrjlymklim . ehom {h w`{nmzrmix jsh wr`nhefilsh9

`bln wr`jmih`jrhhe`a wr`lys`jm lyrmhe x l khemwr`lys`jmlyrmhem x jlemrlnm%

Jm bl {h `bhybhjlfm xw`rhjls`{z eild`s`a smrlimblflzhzm eh`wd`je`

ih jm {h `bh wr`nhefilsh lyrmyh ymihjelo`nihjlelk`n nhrh%

{

TTy

t

l

l

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[ZRMZHALIM YM MEMFLYX W@JMZMOM

Zmbhfmre` wrhj{zmsfimeih w`jmzmom

Ihje`{zrxo` zmbhflrmeih $`eh.qm| zmbxfmzl`e{,Rm{w`rhj crhosheklim

Wr`nhefilsm Rm{wr`jmim$h{z` oxwxihn em

rm{wr`jmil, Crh}xhek| WhrkhezSmfljWhrkhez

KxnxfmzlshWhrkhez

Smflj mw{`fxze` {h eh{fmyhn

4 :&< :&< :&