Organizational Health Psychology

Group Member:1.ANDREW HENG AS1001932.BAKTHIAR RIDHWAN B. BACHIRAN AS1001533.KOH CHEE CHUNG AS1002084.HONG CHAN CHIN AS100204

ABSTRACT

• Organizational health psychology(OHP) is the area of psychology concerned with creating healthy and safe work. Three important topics in the area are Work safety and disease prevention, Health promotion in the workplace and Promotion of work-family balance.

Work Safety The safety and health of employee during work or at work

place Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is a

government agency which objective is to assure safe and healthful condition for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards by providing training, outreach, education and assistance.

OSHA is responsible for enforcing their workplace health and safety level.

Send officers to work site; carry out inspections and assess fines for regulatory violations.

• In Malaysia, there is Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), under Ministry of Human Resources

• Responsible for ensuring the safety, health and welfare of people at work as well as protecting other people from the safety and health hazard in both public and private sector

• Objectives: prevent industrial accidents and occupational diseases

Work Safety

Workplace Safety

Employee Safety

Workplace SafetyThese are factors that can cause tragedy and make workplace

become danger to worker.

Conditions of the work environment

• Extreme temperatures• Noisy/poor lit

environments• Workplace pollution• Lack of maintenance• Work procedure

Errors in operator-machine system design

• Poorly designed displays

• Lack of or poorly designed safety control devices

Employee safetyThe factor of workplace become danger cause by workers

Dangerous worker behavior• Inattention, fatigue, and stress• Poor training & lack of job-related

experience• Accident proneness (personality

characteristics believed to predispose a person to work accidents)

• Safety climate refers to positive attitudes that workers hold toward promoting safe work behaviors

How to IMPROVE WORK SAFETY

Programs to increase work safety may involve:o Emphasizing safety procedureso Employee training & education on safety and proper

equipment useo Organizational behaviour modification and goal-setting

principleso Safety task forces or comitteeso Stress inoculationo Background checkso Safety tips

DISEASE PREVENTION IN WORKPLACE• Disease prevention means eradicating, eliminating or

minimizing the impact of disease and disability, or if none of these are feasible, retarding the progress of the disease and disability.

• Workplace disease can be divided into 2 type:1. contagious disease2. chronic disease

• A contagious disease is a infectious diseases (or communicable diseases), which are easily transmitted by physical contact with the person suffering the disease, or by their secretions or objects touched by them

• There is another type of workplace disease called chronic disease. Chronic disease is a disease that is persistent or long-lasting in its effects. Example of chronic disease are arthritis, asthma, cancer and diabetes.

FACTOR• Chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, cancer,

diabetes, and arthritis – are among the most common, costly, and preventable of all health problems in the world.

• The main Factor that many workers getting chronic disease nowadays is most adults spend half of their waking hours at work, this cause stress among them. Due to this factor, they will apply an unhealthy lifestyle such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, the harmful use of alcohol.

• Contagious disease also cause a severe negative effect on healthy workplace. Some of the factors that cause the spread of contagious disease are food and water supply, sanitation facilities, climate ( low air circulation).

How to prevent contagious disease??

• Making sure there is adequate air circulation in the workplace.• Posting tips on how to stop the spread of germs at work in prominent places

within the facility where all employees have access (such as lunchrooms or restrooms).

• Ensuring that all employees wash their hands regularly and cover their mouths and noses when coughing or sneezing.

• Keeping hand sanitizer readily available throughout the facility for employees, visitors, and others to use frequently.

• Informing employees about disease, the spread of disease, as well as steps the facility is taking to prepare for any possible outbreaks.

• Developing policies that enable employees to work from home, such as creating appropriate security and network access to files, telephones, and other telecommuting features (when applicable).

• Encouraging sick workers to stay home.• Making sure sick leave, medical leave, and family leave policies are updated and

in place. Fear of lost wages is one of the main reasons workers come to work when they are ill.

HOW TO PREVENT CHRONIC DISEASE

• public health programs are important to educating the public• promoting healthy lifestyles such as doing exercise regularly• Don’t smoke• Have a balance diet everyday by following the food pyramid.• Take less alcoholic drink or better prevent alcoholic drink.• Body check regularly

• Workplace health promotion (WHP) is the combined efforts of employers, employees and society to improve the health and wellbeing of people at work.

• This is achieved through a combination of: Improving the work organisation and working

environmentPromoting the participation of workers in the whole

process of WHPEnabling healthy choicesEncouraging personal development

Health promotion in the workplace

• There are many areas where health promotion in the workplace which is very effective. Such as health promotion, heart health, nutrition, fitness, recreation, tobacco and alcohol awareness and workplace safety.

• For example: Preventing a negative impact of tobacco smoke in the

workplace• Effect of tobacco smoke

It can cause serious problems such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and have adverse reproductive effects. Furthermore it can cause death due to cancers (particularly lung cancer), coronary heart disease or stroke.

• An employer can eliminate exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) by introducing a smoke-free policy and support smoking workers by establishing a smoking cessation programme.

• A smoking worker should be considerate and not to expose a co-worker, and take advantage of smoking cessation programmes to quit smoking.

• A non-smoking worker can raise the issue with the employer and a smoking colleague to have a smoke-free workplace.

Solution on preventing a negative impact of tobacco smoke in the workplace

Advantages of workplace health promotion programs

With a health promotion program in workplace Increase employee and worker morale by creating a

supportive and happier working environment Improve job satisfaction among workers and staff lower health care costs reduce the effects of stress

Through the workplace health promotion programs, the employees will perform better in their work. As consequently which will increases the productivity and income of a company.

Work-Family Balance

• “the extent to which individuals are equally involved in and equally satisfied with their work role and their family role.” -(Greenhaus & Singh, Collins & Shaw, 2003).

• “low levels of inter-role conflict and high levels of inter-role facilitation represent work-family balance.”- (Frone, 2003:145)

• Three components were assessed: Time balance Involvement balance Satisfaction balance

Consequences UnbalancedWork-Family

Cons• Fired / Sacked• Lost promotion

opportunityPros• High paid salary• Satisfaction in job

Cons• Family conflict• Kinship drift apart• Lack of entertainmentPros• Release stress• Healthy lifestyle

Manage Work-Family Balance• Personal actions:

Plan time wisely• Company actions:

Flexible work hours/work weeksTelecommunicating workOn-site childcare

• Government actions: changes in weekly work hours protecting benefits of part-time workers government-subsidized childcare

Reference• Greenhaus, J. & Singh, R. (2003, February 25). Work-Family

Linkages, A Sloan Work and Family Encyclopedia Entry. Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College.

• Frone, M. R. (2003). Work-family balance. In J. C. Quick & L. E. Tetric (Eds.). Handbook of occupational health psychology (pp. 143-162). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

• http://osha.europa.eu/en/topics/whp/index_html/• http://wellnessproposals.com/wellness-articles/benefits-of-h

ealth-promotion-in-the-workplace/• http://www.health.gov.on.ca/english/providers/program/cdp

m/pdf/framework_full.pdf