Notes 09/16

Class 03: Latin AmericaGEO105: World Regional Geography

Michael T. WheelerSyracuse University, Geography

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Global TectonicsLecture slide 2

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Subduction

Lithosphere

Continental Crust

OceanicCrust

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Caribbean Tectonics

Lithosphere

Continental Crust

OceanicCrust

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Range of Central American Volcanoes

Lithosphere

Continental Crust

OceanicCrust

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Seismic DangerLecture slide 6

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Landforms of Latin AmericaFigure 8.3: Physical regions and

landforms of Latin America (p. 346)

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Climate regions

Figure 8.7: Climate regions of Latin America (p. 352)

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Atmospheric CirculationFigure 2.8:

Atmospheric Circulation (p. 41)

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Atmospheric Circulation – Central AmericaLecture slide 10

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Orographic Rainfall

Figure 2.9: Orographic rainfall on a trade wind coast (p. 42)

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Altitudinal Zonation

Figure 8.8: Altitudinal zonation (p. 353)

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Pre-Columbia CivilizationsFigure 8.13: Maya, Aztec, and

Inca adaptations to environment (p. 358)

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LanguagesFigure 8.20: Languages of Latin

America (p. 373)

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Voyages of Discovery (Conquest)

Figure 8.14: Colonial voyages and the Treaty of Tordesillas (p. 359)

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Spanish World EmpireLecture slide 16

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Spanish Trade RoutesLecture slide 17

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Colonial Pacific Trade RoutesLecture slide 18

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Caribbean Trade RoutesLecture slide 19

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Colonial ShippingLecture slide 20

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Iberian Imperial Structure

8.1: Latin America

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Imperial Differences

• English (United States)– Common law (jury)– Protestant– Agricultural– No inter-marriage w/ Native Americans

• French (Canada)– Roman law– Catholic– Interior trade. Settlement only: coasts, St. Lawrence, Louisiana, Illinois– Generally tolerant view of First Nations

• Spanish (Latin America)– Catholic– Army / Church / Merchants– Convert the Indians to Christianity– Lots of inter-marriage

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Break8.18: Population Distribution of

Latin America 1995

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Review Questions

• Mapping Exercise 2: Mapping Ecosystems– Textbook maps (8.1 (343), 8.3 (346), 8.7 (352))

• 393: U4“How did the Spanish organize their colonies? What were the

two main forms of agriculture? What role did encomienda, repartimiento, and slavery play? What exports to Spain?”

• 393: G2“During the colonial era, how did racial, ethnic and class

distinctions divide Latin American societies?”• Mapping Exercise 1: Mapping Ethnic and Racial

Composition– Textbook, map 8.1 (343), table 8.1 (370)

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Ethnic and Racial Composition

• p. 370

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Mapping Exercise 1

Map 8.3, p. 58

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Slave Triangle

Figure 6.14: The slave trade (p. 249)

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Slave Flow, by Century

Figure 6.14: The slave trade (p. 249)

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African Diaspora

• estimated slave imports – during whole period of

Atlantic slave trade – Thousands (000s)

• scale– 1:75 000 000

estimated % of population entirely or partially of African descent

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African Diaspora, Caribbean

• estimated slave imports – during whole period of

Atlantic slave trade – thousands

estimated % of population entirely or partially of African descent

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U.S. South – ‘Jim Crow’ Laws

• Legalized Segregation• Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

– “separate but equal” – Homer Plessy 1/8 black– Sitting in ‘White’ RR Car

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Latin America castas• Euro-American

– peninsulares (Iberian)– criollos (whites born in the Americas)

• mestizo: white (European) and American Indian– Originally applied to Phillipines, Malays

• mulatto: (Spanish / African)• zambo: (African / Indian)• Example of Brazil

– Slaves finally freed in 1888 (the Lei Áurea) – “Racial democracy”– Racial correlation of favelas (p. 384) with African

descendents

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New Colonial Powers: U.K. and U.S.

• Rebellion from Spain, 1820s

• U.S. : Monroe Doctrine, 1823

• U.K.: de facto economic hegemon

• U.S. Worldview, 1900 (this map)

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U.S. Interventions in Latin America

(Also see Figure 8.16: U.S. interventions in Latin America (p. 365)

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Panama (p. 389)Lecture slide 35

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Review

• Physical Hazards– Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Hurricanes, El Niño (ENSO)

• Legacy of Colonialism– Spanish / British / America

• Trade– Export crops OR local consumption?– Global or regional trade (WTO or NAFTA?)

• Race– The “Red, White, and Black Continent”– Economic consequences

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Debt, Trade, and Migration

• Developing country debt

• Export goods

• Global trade– hope and

disappointment

• Migration

8.19: Major migration streams in Latin America (p. 372)

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Next Week

• Research Project– Two-paragraph summary of your study area

• Reading– Chapter 11: 492-537

• Review– p. 535: Testing Your Understanding: 4, 5, 7, 10– p. 536: Thinking Geographically: 1, 5

• Map Workbook:– p. 84-5 (use map on pages 87).  Mapping Exercise 1: "Geopolitical

Conflict," 1-5• Web Page:

– classes.maxwell.syr.edu/geo105_f04/class_notes/04-Review.htm

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