Trng i hc Ngoi thng

Khoa Kinh t v Kinh doanh quc t

TIU LUN:

CHNH SCH NHP KHU

CA NHT BN

B mn: Chnh sch thng mi quc t

Gio vin: V Hong Vit

Nhm 1:

1. Dng Th Dung

0951050038

2. Tng Vn Hon

0951010087

3. V Mnh Hng

0951010111

4. Th Thy Linh

0951010493

(Nhm trng)

5. Bi Hong Linh

0951010492

6. Nguyn Th Tho

0951010568

H Ni, ngy 10 thng 11 nm 2011

Mc d l mt trong nhng nn kinh t pht trin hng u th gii, Nht Bn li l mt quc gia ngho v nguyn liu v nng lng. Trong 8 loi nguyn liu, nng lng quan trng nht, quyt nh quy m v tc pht trin ca nn kinh t, th Nht Bn phi nhp khu ti 99,7% du m, 100% thu ngn v nhm, 90% qung st, 86% than, 82% ng, 62% km, 57% ch. Vi vic nhp khu ny, Nht Bn tr thnh nc nhp khu nguyn liu ln nht th gii c v quy m v c cu, chng loi.

bo m ngun cung cp nguyn vt liu, nng lng n nh, an ton trong iu kin th gii y bin ng, cc tp on kinh t ln ca Nht Bn tm mi cch chi phi v a dng ho cc ngun cung cp ti nguyn, nng lng. n nay, Nht Bn kim sot c 100% qung st ca Malaysia, 80% ngun cung cp g v ng ca Philippines, 50% ngun du th ca Indonesia, 30% cao su ca Thi Lan. V mt trong nhng nhn t quan trng gip Nht Bn t c thnh qu ny chnh l chnh sch nhp khu ca Nht Bn.

Vy l mt chnh sch nh th no? Vi nhng s liu chnh thc mi nht, bi vit v ti Chnh sch nhp khu ca Nht Bn hy vng s lm r nhng c im c bn nht ca chnh sch ny thng qua hai cng c qun l l thu quan v hng ro phi thu quan. Thu quan

Nht Bn s dng h thng phn loi HS; v Nht c hai loi mc thu quan l mc thu t nh (cn gi l quc nh) v mc thu hip nh. Mc thu t nh l mc thu c quy nh trong lut thu, gm mc thu c bn, mc thu tm thi v mc thu u i. Cn mc thu hip nh l mc thu c tho thun trong cc hip nh k vi nc ngoi. Trong quy nh ch nh thu vo mt hng no theo mt mc thu thp. Mc thu hip nh cng c p dng vi nhng nc c tho thun cho nhau hng nguyn tc i ng ti hu quc (MFN) trong quan h ngoi thng vi Nht Bn.

Phn ny ch yu i su v thu hip nh, gm thu sut MFN p dng v t l thu quan u i, v y l mt yu t th hin r tinh thn hp tc thng mi ca Nht Bn. Nhng trc ht, bi vit s cung cp nhng s liu tng quan nht v thu quan Nht Bn.

Trong nm ti chnh 2010, biu thu quan ca Nht Bn bao gm 8.826 dng thu trong h thng phn loi HS (khng tnh cc dng thu trong hn ngch). Trong 98,8% l mc thu hip nh; 108 dng thu cn li (tng ng 1,2%) l cc dng thu khng c hip nh, ch yu l thu nh vo thy hi sn (c, tm cua, rong bin), du kh, g v cc mt hng t g. (Xem ph lc, bng 1)

Khong 41,4% thu quan ca Nht Bn l mc 0%; 24,5% thu quan mc ln hn 0% v nh hn hoc bng 5%; 21,2% thu quan mc ln hn 5% v nh hn hoc bng 10%. Trong khi ton b thu sut trong hn ngch l thu tng i th loi thu ny ch chim 24,5% thu sut vt hn ngch. Ngoi ra cn c 1 s chnh lch ln gia cc mc thu trung bnh: ca thu sut trong hn ngch l 18,3% cn ca thu sut vt hn ngch ln ti 77,4%.

Trong tng s cc dng thu hip nh, 92,4% l thu tng i, 2,4% l thu tuyt i, 0,6% l thu la chn v 3,3% l cc loi thu khc. Mc thu MFN hip nh trung bnh l 5,9%, cao hn khng ng k so vi mc thu MFN p dng trung bnh (5,8%). Mc thu hip nh trung bnh ca cc sn phm nng nghip (16%) l kh cao so vi mc trung bnh ca cc sn phm phi nng nghip (3,5%). Nu khng c cam kt ct gim thu quan no na, mc trung bnh ny ca cc sn phm nng nghip s khng i v Nht Bn thc hin y cc cam kt ca vng m phn Uruguay trong nm 2009. Thu sut MFN p dng

C cu thu sut MFN p dng ca Nht Bn hu nh l khng i t nm 2008. Trong tng s 8826 dng thu, 93,4% l thu tng i, 2,3% l thu tuyt i, 0,6% l thu hn hp, 3,3% l cc loi thu khc v 0,4% l thu la chn. Cc mc thu sut khng phi thu tng i ch yu c p dng i vi du v cht bo, giy dp, thc n ch bin sn, ng vt sng v cc sn phm t ng vt, dt may v qun o, rau xanh v cc sn phm khong sn.

Trung bnh thu sut MFN p dng ca Nht Bn nm ti chnh 2010 l 5,8%. Sn phm nng nghip nhn c s bo h t thu quan cao hn nhiu so vi cc sn phm phi nng nghip: mc thu trung bnh n gin ca cc sn phm nng nghip l 15,7% trong khi ca cc sn phm phi nng nghip ch l 3,5%. Mc thu MFN p dng trung bnh i vi giy dp v m, thc n ch bin sn, rau xanh, ng vt sng, da sng v da b, v kh v n dc, dt may v qun o cng l kh cao.

S liu bng 1 (xem phn ph lc) cho thy khng c khun mu c nh no cho s leo thang thu quan MFN. S leo thang t bn thnh phm cho n thnh phm c th hin r mt s ngnh, nht l dt may, lc du v ha cht cng nghip. i vi nhng ngnh khc, gm c thc phm, sn phm da thuc, sn phm g v giy v cc loi ha cht khc th s bo h thu quan cho thnh phm li nh hn so vi bn thnh phm. Trong khi cao su v cc sn phm cao su li c s leo thang thu quan t nguyn liu th s cho n bn thnh phm v thnh phm rt r rng. (Xem ph lc, bng 1)

T l thu quan u i

T l thu quan u i c p dng i vi 140 nc ang pht trin v 14 vng lnh th trong H thng u i chung GSP (General System of Preference). Nm 2007 chnh ph Nht Bn m rng thm danh mc cc hng ha c hng mc tr cp u i ti 49 quc gia km pht trin, t mc 86% tng ln 98% i vi tt c cc hng mc thu quan. Cc quc gia hng li nhiu nht t GSP Nht Bn l Trung Quc, Thi Lan, Indonesia, Philippin v Vit Nam.

T l thu quan trung bnh p dng i vi cc nc trong h thng GSP l 4,6% v i vi cc nc ang pht trin l 0,5% . T l thu quan trung bnh trong cc Hip nh thng mi t do dao ng t 3,3% (i vi Malaysia) v 3,9% (i vi Brunei). Tuy nhin vn c s khc bit rt ln i vi cc nhm sn phm khc nhau. C th, trong khi t l thu quan u i trung bnh dao ng t 0,5% n 4,6%, nhm sn phm nng nghip chu t sut thu t 1,8% n 14,7%. T l thu quan theo nhng hip nh ny cng kh cao i vi sn phm cng nghip nh l da, cao su, giy v sn phm du lch, vi v qun o nhp khu (theo GSP). Cc mt hng nh sn phm b, sa, vi loi giy, vi hay qun o khng quy nh trong GSP cho cc nc ang pht trin th chu mc t sut thu quan ti hu quc (MFN). (Xem ph lc, bng 2)

Nhn chung, t l thu quan u i trung bnh trong tt c cc tha thun thng mi (GSP, LDC v FTAs) l thp hn so vi t l thu quan MFN trung bnh. Hu ht cc sn phm cng nghip (t chng 25 n 97 h thng HS) c hng u i khng chu thu nhp khu tr 118 mt hng khng c u i nh mui, du th, gelatin, da, lng cu, d, th v cc sn phm t lng ny, g dn, kn tm, la th, si la, vi la, si bng v sn phm dt, giy v cc b phn ca giy... v 78 hng mc (1.264 mt hng) nhy cm vi mc thu sut 20%, 40%, 60% hoc 80% so vi thu sut MFN, c hn ngch trn c tnh cho mi nm ti chnh. Hng ro phi thu quanHin nay vi xu hng t do ho thng mi, hng ro thu quan gia cc khi kinh t, gia cc quc gia ngy cng gim i v tin ti xo b hon ton. Do , d thu quan l mt cng c bo h th trng quan trng nht v tng c hiu qu tt trc y nhng hin nay vai tr ca n b suy gim. Thay vo , cc hng ro phi thu quan li ang chim u th. Nht Bn, bin php hn ch nh lng v hng ro k thut ngy cng tr nn quan trng trong vic bo h th trng ni a v c s dng ngy cng nhiu. Bn cnh , vn c cc bin php phi thu quan khc c s dng mt cch kh hn ch nh cc bin php bo v thng mi tm thi. Tt nhin Nht Bn cn s dng nhiu bin php phi thu quan khc nhng do dung lng bi vit khng cho php, bi vit ch cp n ba bin php nu trn.Hn ch nh lng

Hin ti, nhng mt hng b cm nhp khu hoc phi ly giy php nhp khu bao gm mt s loi thy sn, thuc v ha cht, bt nhin liu, ht nhn, v kh, ng thc vt, cht lm suy gim tng ozone, cht thi nguy hi, v kh ha hc, cn, kim cng th, ti sn vn ha tri php t Iraq, tt c cc loi hng ha t Bc Triu Tin, v kh v cc mt hng khc lin quan n chng trnh ht nhn hoc cc chng trnh tn la n o t Iran, v v kh v cc mt hng khc t Eritrea.

Hu ht cc hng ho c t do nhp khu v khng phi chu mt yu cu no v giy php nhp khu nhng cc mt hng sau cn c giy php nhp khu:

Hng thuc 66 mt hng lit k trong thng bo nhp khu thuc din c hn ngch nhp khu

Hng ho sn xut hay vn chuyn t cc quc gia, khu vc qui nh trong thng bo nhp khu i hi phi c giy php nhp khu

Hng ho i hi phng thc thanh ton c bit Hng ho cn s xc nhn s thm v phi p ng c cc quy nh c bit ca Chnh ph nh cc loi vcxin nghin cu.

Khi nhp khu mt hng cn giy php nhp khu hay s xc nhn ca mt s B, cc nh nhp khu c ton quyn k hp ng vi cc nh xut khu, nhng vic k v thc hin hp ng ph thuc vo s cho php hay xc nhn ca cc B c lin quan.

V hn ngch nhp khu, bin php ny c p dng vi 3 loi hng sau: Cc mt hng thng mi thuc kim sot ca nh nc, bao gm v kh, ru, cht n, sng cm tay v dao, vt liu ht nhn, ma tu, v cc thc phm chu s kim sot (nh go). Nhng mt hng hn ch nhp khu, bao gm 5 loi hi sn l c trch, c mi, s v cc loi hi sn khc. Cc loi thc vt v ng vt c tn trong Bn ph lc I ca Cng c v thng mi quc t v cc loi ng vt c nguy c tit chng trong h ng thc vt (CITES). Nht Bn, hn ngch nhp khu c tnh ton trn c s d on nhu cu v hng ho v kh nng sn xut ca cc doanh nghip trong nc. Vo u v gia nm ti chnh (t thng 4 nm trc n thng 4 nm tip theo), METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) s ph chun nhng mt hng nhp khu theo quy ch hn ngch c ghi r trong thng bo nhp khu.Nhng mt hng hn ch nhp khu chu iu chnh ca nhng lut v quy nh trong nc. Trong trng hp, hng hn ch nhp khu, nh nhp khu phi c giy php v ph chun lin quan n vic nhp khu hng ho theo Lut Hi quan, phc v vic kim tra hoc p ng nhng yu cu cn thit khc. V vy, khi hng ho nhp khu yu cu mt giy php hoc mt giy ph chun theo lut v quy nh khc ngoi Lut Hi quan, nh nhp khu phi trnh ln mt giy chng nhn cho php theo nhng o lut hay quy nh ny (theo iu 70 ca Lut Hi quan).

Nht Bn p dng hnh thc phn ngch trc. Trnh t qun l hn ngch thu quan ca Nht Bn rt phc tp. Nht Bn ly vic thiu kinh nghim lm l do ko di vic cng b kt qu phn phi hn ngch, nh hng ti vic trin khai mu dch ni chung. Nht Bn ch cng b tn doanh nghip ginh c hn ngch ch khng thng bo r s lng hn ngch m mi doanh nghip ginh c. V vy, ngi thm nh hn ngch s khng c cch no thng qua nh gi so snh tnh cng bng ca kt qu phn phi. Ngoi ra, thu sut ngoi hn ngch cng rt cao.

Xt n hn ngch thu quan, c n gn 210 loi hng ha, trong c tht, nc p tri cy, da v sn phm t da phi p dng bin php ny theo hip nh FTA gia Nht Bn v Mexico (JUMSEPA). Theo hip nh FTA vi Malaysia (JMEPA), chui ti l mt hng phi chu hn ngch thu quan, Hn ngch thu quan v chui cng c p dng theo JUMSEPA, JIEPA v JTEPA. Hn na, theo JCEPA, gn 30 dng thu, trong c tht v tht ch bin, phi chu hn ngch thu quan. Cn theo JTEPA, 5 dng thu lin quan n chui ti, da ti, 2 dng thu v tht ln ch bin v tinh bt cng phi chu hn ngch thu quan.

Hng ro k thutHu ht cc sn phm trong nc v cc sn phm nhp khu ca Nht u phi chu kim tra hng ho v khng th tiu th ti th trng ny nu khng c cp nhng giy chng nhn sn phm tun theo nhng tiu chun. Trong , mt s tiu chun l bt buc, mt s l t nguyn. Nhng thc t th ngi tiu dng Nht Bn quen thuc vi nhng hng ho t tiu chun cht lng cao v c cp du cht lng. Do , vic c cp du chng nhn cht lng tr thnh iu kin ti cn thit sn phm c th tn ti c trn th trng Nht Bn. Hin nay, Nht c hai du cht lng c s dng ph bin v c ngi tiu dng ht sc tin tng. l du chng nhn tiu chun cng nghip (JIS) v du chng nhn tiu chun nng nghip (JAS). Vic s dng cc du hiu ny trn nhn hiu khng ch cung cp mt s m bo v cht lng m cn bo v ngi tiu dng thng qua vic thng tin y cho h v cht lng sn phm.Du chng nhn Tiu chun cng nghip Nht Bn (JIS Japanese Industrial Standard) da trn Lut tiu chun ho cng nghip c ban hnh vo thng 6 nm 1949. Du JIS c p dng cho rt nhiu loi sn phm khc nhau nh vi, qun o, l si, cc thit b in, giy dp, bn gh, dng nu nng, dng c th thao, nhc c v cc loi sn phm khc i hi phi c tiu chun ho v cht lng v kch c hay cc quy cch sn phm khc. Cc tiu chun JIS c sa i, b sung theo nh k ph hp vi cc tin b cng ngh. JIS gp phn rt ln trong vic m rng tiu chun ho trn phm vi ton b nn cng nghip Nht Bn. Du chng nhn JIS ch c php p dngvi cc sn phm tho mn cc yu cu v cht lng ca JIS. Do , du cht lng tiu chun JIS i din cho cht lng v rt c coi trng. Theo iu 26 ca Lut tiu chun ho cng nghip, tt c cc c quan ca Chnh ph phi u tin i vi cc sn phm c ng du cht lng JIS khi mua hng ho phc v cho hot ng ca cc c quan ny. Sau khi Nht tham gia k kt Hip nh v ro cn k thut i vi thng mi ca GATT, Nht sa i Lut ny cho php cc nh sn xut nc ngoi cng c cp php ng du JIS. Tuy nhin, Nht l mt nc c nn cng ngh rt pht trin v vy cc tiu chun t ra i vi hng ho thng rt cao. V th, c cp giy php ng du chng nhn tiu chun JIS khng phi l mt iu d dng, c bit l i vi hng ho ca cc nc ang v km pht trin.Du chng nhn tiu chun nng nghip (JAS Japanese Agricultural Standard) c cp da trn Lut v tiu chun ho cc nng lm sn v hp l ho cc nhn hiu cht lng hay cn gi l Lut tiu chun nng nghip Nht Bn hay Lut JAS. Danh sch cc sn phm c iu chnh bi Lut JAS bao gm ung, thc phm ch bin, du n v m, cc nng lm thu sn ch bin. i vi hu ht cc sn phm, JAS quy nh mt cch r rng cc tiu chun c th nhng vi mt s sn phm cn li, cc quy nh ca Lut ch a ra nhng hng dn cho vic nng cao cht lng. D JAS l mt h thng tiu chun t nguyn nhng n c p dng ngy cng rng ri v tr thnh c s cho ngi tiu dng trong vic la chn cc sn phm ch bin v vy vi nhng hng ho khng c ng du cht lng JAS th kh c th thm nhp vo th trng Nht Bn c.Ngoi ra, trn th trng Nht Bn cn c nhiu cc du cht lng v an ton sn phm khc nh du Q l cht lng v ng nht ca sn phm, du G v thit k, dch v sau bn hng v cht lng, du S v an ton (bt buc), du Len dng cho si len nguyn cht, d len c trn 99% len mi, du SIF cho cc mt hng may mc c cht lng tt...

bo v sc khe, v sinh v an ton chung ca ngi dn, Nht Bn ban hnh lut V sinh thc phm, lut Chng cc bnh truyn nhim trong sc vt nui, lut Kim dch thc vt v cc lut v quy nh khc lin quan n nhp khu.

V t l t p ng lng thc thc phm ca Nht l thp, thc t Nht Bn phi nhp khu 40% lng thc thc phm tiu dng nn Chnh ph cng nh ngi tiu dng Nht c bit quan tm n vic m bo cht lng ca thc phm. Lut v sinh thc phm quy nh cho tt c cc thc phm v ung tiu dng Nht bao gm c hng sn xut trong nc v hng nhp khu. iu 1 ca Lut nu r : Lut v sinh thc phm nhm phng chng tt c cc nguy hi cho sc kho gy ra bi vic dng thc phm v ung nhm nng cao sc kho nhn dn. Bn cnh thc phm, Lut cn quy nh c v gia v, cc my mc ch bin v bo qun thc phm, cc dng c ng v bao b cho thc phm cng nh cho cc gia v, chi cho tr em v cc cht ty ra dng cho vic lm sch thc phm v n. Lut cm cc loi thc phm sau:

Cc thc phm i thiu, mt mu, mt mi, phn gii hay qu thi hn s dng.

Thc phm c cha cht c hi, thc phm tip xc vi cc cht c hi, thc phm b ngh ng tip xc vi cc cht c hi.

Thc phm b nhim c hoc nghi ng c cha cc cht vi khun gy bnh

Cc thc phm c hi cho sc kho do cha tp cht v cc cht bn.

V th, vic nhp khu tht, xc xch, tht mui nu khng c chng nhn v sinh ca c quan c thm quyn ca nc xut khu cp, chng minh vn m bo v sinh ca sn phm xut khu th sn phm s b cm.

Nht vn duy tr ch kim tra hi quan i vi hng nhp khu. i vi hng thu sn khi nhp khu s phi lm th tc kim tra v sinh v kim dch thc phm. Nu thu sn c vi sinh vt gy bnh dch t th s b hu. Nu khng c th thng bo cho ngi nhp khu lm th tc tip. K t 1/1/2001, Nht Bn chnh thc p dng vic qun l nhp khu cc mt hng tht t nc ngoi theo tng cng kim sot cht ch v sinh, an ton thc phm t khu git m, ch bin tht v cc sn phm t tht. Nht Bn s ch cho php nhp khu tht t mt nc nu nc xut khu ny cung cp y cc vn bn php quy quy nh iu kin v sinh i vi sn phm tht xut khu ca nc mnh v c Nht xem l tng ng cc iu kin v sinh ca Nht Bn.

i vi mt s sn phm nhp khu, quy nh v ghi nhn sn phm l bt buc. Cc sn phm phi buc dn nhn c chia thnh 4 nhm: Sn phm dt (vi, qun, vy, o n, o s mi, o ma, ca vt, khn tri ging, my ht bi, qut, tivi), sn phm nha (bt, a, chu git), in, thit b in v nhiu loi sn phm khc nh , bt git, gng tay da, bn chi nh rng knh rm. Hin nay theo quy nh ca php lut c khong 100 mt hng b buc phi dn nhn cht lng. Cc nhn cht lng c dn ln sn phm gia dng gip cho ngi tiu dng c bit cc thng tin v cht lng sn phm v lu khi s dng.

Vn mi trng cng ang nhn c s quan tm ca ngi tiu dng Nht Bn. Cc mi trng ca Nht ang khuyn khch ngi tiu dng s dng cc sn phm khng lm hi sinh thi (k c cc sn phm trong nc cng nh nhp khu), cc sn phm ny c ng du Ecomark.

c ng du Ecomark, sn phm phi t c t nht mt trong cc tiu chun sau: Vic s dng sn phm khng gy nhim ti mi trng hoc c nhng t. Vic s dng sn phm mang li nhiu li ch cho mi trng. Cht thi sau khi s dng khng gy hi cho mi trng hoc gy hi rt t. Sn phm ng gp ng k vo vic bo v mi trng ngoi cc cch k trn. Ecomark khng a ra cc tiu chun v cng khng ni ln cht lng hay tnh an ton ca sn phm. Ecomark ra i nm 1989, n nay du ny c rt nhiu ngi Nht bit n. Cc cng ty nc ngoi c th xin du chng nhn Ecomark thng qua cc nh nhp khu.Cc bin php bo v thng mi tm thi

Nht Bn kh hn ch trong vic s dng cc bin php bo v thng mi tm thi.

Nm 2010, Nht Bn duy tr bin php chng bn ph gi i vi 6 mt hng. Hai trong s l si bng polyester t Hn Quc v t cc vng lnh th hi quan i Bc Trung Quc (i Loan, Bnh H, Kim Mn v hn o Matsu), vi mc thu chng ph gi t 6% n 13.5%, c quy nh t ngy 26 thng 7 nm 2002. Bn mt hng cn li l mangan dioxide in phn xut x t Nam Phi, c, Trung Quc v Ty Ban Nha, vi mc thu chng ph gi t 14.0% n 46.5%, c quy nh vo ngy 1 thng 9 nm 2008.

Ngy 27 thng 1 nm 2006, Nht Bn p dng thu chng tr cp ln u tin. Bin php ny c p dng i vi b nh RAM ng nhp khu t Hn Quc, ti mc thu 27,2%, v p dng cho ti ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2010. Tuy nhin Hn Quc trnh ln c quan gii quyt tranh chp ca WTO (DSB Dispute Settlement Body), yu cu phn x vo thng 6 nm 2006. V thc hin khuyn ngh v phn quyt ca DSB, Nht Bn gim mc thu ny xung cn 9.1% vo ngy 1 thng 9 nm 2008. V vo ngy 23 thng 4 nm 2009, Nht Bn g b bin php ny theo nh quyt nh thay i t DSB.

Nm 2001, Nht Bn thc hin mt s bin php t v tm thi i vi ti x Wales, nm Shiitake v nm rm kh nhp khu ch yu t Trung Quc. Tuy nhin, t n nay, Nht Bn khng p dng bt k bin php t v tm thi no.

Li kt:

Nh vy, c th thy c rng chnh sch nhp khu ca Nht Bn l mt chnh sch hiu qu. Trong chnh sch ny, thu quan vn l cng c chnh. Tuy vy, Nht Bn li l mt trong nhng nc c biu thu thp nht th gii. a s hng nhp khu ca Nht Bn c min thu hoc p dng mc thu quan thp hoc mc thu quan u i. iu ny chng t Nht Bn rt khuyn khch nhp khu, khuyn khch t do thng mi v m ca hi nhp. Nhng i vi nhng mt hng cn s bo h mnh m nh cc sn phm nng nghip, cc sn phm t da v hng dt may, Nht Bn vn gi mc thu sut kh cao.

Khng ch c thu quan, cc hng ro phi thu quan cng c Nht Bn tn dng thc hin vai tr bo h hng ni a. Cc bin php hn ch nh lng gy kh khn cho cc nh xut khu vo th trng Nht Bn khng ch vic hn ch s lng hay giy php xut khu m cn quy trnh th tc rc ri v phc tp.

Th nhng hin nay, hng ro k thut mi l ro cn ln nht i vi cc hng ho khi thm nhp vo th trng Nht Bn. V cc bin php ny c Nht Bn p dng khng phi vi mc ch bo h nn sn xut ni a m l m bo cht lng cuc sng v sc khe cho ngi tiu dng.

Bn cnh hai bin php phi thu quan gy tr ngi ln n nhp khu hng ha ny, cc bin php bo v thng mi tm thi li khng phi l mi lo i vi cc nh xut khu khi xut khu hng ha sang th trng kh tnh ny.Bi vit c tham kho t nhng ti liu sau: Bi vit Chnh sch thng mi t do ca Nht bn - TS. Phm Th Thanh Bnh (Vin Kinh t v Chnh tr Th gii); link address: http://wto.nciec.gov.vn/Lists/Nghin%20cu%20phn%20tch%20tnh%20hnh%20kinh%20t%20Vit%20Nam/Attachments/DispForm.aspx?ID=201 Trade policy preview of Japan reported by WTOs secretariat 1/1/2011; downloaded at http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp343_e.htm Trade policy preview of Japan reported by WTOs secretariat 14/4/2009; downloaded at: http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tpr_e/tp311_e.htm Bi vit H thng thu v hi quan ca Nht Bn; link address: http://www.vysajp.org/news/trang-chinh/tin-bai-ngoai-vysa/kinh-te-viec-lam/h%E1%BB%87-th%E1%BB%91ng-thu%E1%BA%BF-va-h%E1%BA%A3i-quan-c%E1%BB%A7a-nh%E1%BA%ADt-b%E1%BA%A3n/ (4983 t)PH LC NH KMBng 1:Cu trc ca thu quan MFN giai on 2006 2020 tnh theo %

(Ngun: Trade policy preview of Japan reported by WTOs secretariat 1/1/2011)Thu MFN p dngFinal bound

FY2006FY2008FY2010

1.Tng s dng thu hip nh (% tng s tt c cc dng thu)98.898.898.898.8

2.T l thu trung bnh n gin6.56.15.85.9

Sn phm nng nghip (HS01-24)17.115.714.715.1

Sn phm cng nghip (HS25-97)3.73.63.43.5

Sn phm nng nghip theo WTO18.817.115.716.0

Sn phm phi nng nghip theo WTO3.63.53.53.5

Dt may v qun o6.66.76.66.6

ISIC 1 Nng nghip, sn bt, nh c6.95.04.44.3

ISIC 2 Khai thc m0.10.10.10.1

ISIC 3 Sn xut6.56.36.06.1

Sn xut khng gm ch bin thc n3.83.73.53.6

Giai on u ca ch bin9.08.15.75.7

Bn thnh phm4.84.74.74.8

Thnh phm7.06.66.76.8

3.Hn ngch thu quan (% tng s tt c cc dng thu)1.71.81.81.8

4.S dng thu min thu (% tng s tt c cc dng thu)41.741.441.440.5

5.Thu quan khng tnh theo gi tr (% tng s tt c cc dng thu)6.76.76.66.4

Bng 2:

T l thu quan u i theo %(Ngun: Trade policy preview of Japan reported by WTOs secretariat 1/1/2011)Thu tng iT l min thuTrung bnh n ginSn phm nng nghip theo WTOSn phm b saSn phm phi nng nghip theo WTOC v cc sn phm t nh bt cDa, cao su, giy dp & hng ha du lch Dt may v qun o

Applied MFN93.441.45.815.759.83.55.714.56.6

GSP94.061.24.614.759.82.35.413.14.9

LDC99.598.20.51.80.00.21.62.40.1

JSEPA96.482.13.313.859.80.94.614.40.1

JUMSEPA95.581.23.314.159.80.82.312.10.3

JMEPA96.682.32.913.259.80.54.25.70.1

JCEPA96.481.43.013.659.80.64.96.10.1

JTEPA96.582.02.913.359.80.54.26.10.1

JIEPA96.381.83.113.959.80.64.96.60.1

JBEPA96.181.53.414.159.81.04.914.40.1

AJCEP96.481.63.114.059.80.64.87.30.1

JVEPA96.481.73.114.059.80.64.77.20.1

JPEPA96.381.73.013.559.80.64.06.70.1

JSFTEPA96.481.33.314.459.80.75.47.70.1

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