New England New England ColoniesColonies

(1620-1699)(1620-1699)

The New England Colonies

Massachusetts

Rhode Island

Connecticut

New Hampshire

Who Were the Pilgrims?Who Were the Pilgrims?

• Also known as Also known as “Separatist” “Separatist” because they because they wanted to separate wanted to separate from the Church of from the Church of England. They England. They thought it was still thought it was still too much like the too much like the Catholic Church.Catholic Church.

The Pilgrim’s The Pilgrim’s BeliefsBeliefs• CalvinistsCalvinists (Teachings of (Teachings of

Protestant Reformer, Protestant Reformer, John Calvin.John Calvin. (Many (Many Protestant groups Protestant groups adopted his teachings, adopted his teachings, especially Presbyterians, especially Presbyterians, Episcopal, and some Episcopal, and some groups of Baptist)groups of Baptist)

• PredestinationPredestination• Original SinOriginal Sin• Only 2 Sacraments: Only 2 Sacraments:

Lord’s Supper, Baptism Lord’s Supper, Baptism (including infant (including infant Baptism)Baptism)

• No images in the churchNo images in the church• Scripture as only Scripture as only

authority in faith. No authority in faith. No Common Book of Prayer Common Book of Prayer as used in the Church of as used in the Church of England (Anglican, England (Anglican, Episcopal)Episcopal)

John Calvin, Protestant Reformer

Early HistoryEarly History

• King JamesKing James Attacked Attacked the group causing the group causing them to move to them to move to Holland for religious Holland for religious freedom.freedom.

• Eventually, the Pilgrims Eventually, the Pilgrims became dissatisfied became dissatisfied living in living in HollandHolland

• Pilgrim leaders Pilgrim leaders approached the approached the Virginia CompanyVirginia Company if if they would help them they would help them settle in America.settle in America.

King James of Great Britain

1604

Netherlands “Holland”

The Mayflower Ship List by William The Mayflower Ship List by William BradfordBradford

The Voyage Across the The Voyage Across the AtlanticAtlantic

102 Passengers with 30 Crewmen

3 Pregnant Women

A son named, Oceanus, to Stephen and Elizabeth Hopkins

At midway across the Atlantic, a main beam on the Mayflower buckled, but was given support with a large screw.

In another storm, John Holland was washed overboard, but was saved.

William Button, a young boy in the custody of Dr. Samuel Fuller died. He was the only passenger to die at sea.

Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact

• An agreement signed An agreement signed aboard the Mayfloweraboard the Mayflower

• They vowed to obey They vowed to obey the laws agreed upon the laws agreed upon for the good of the for the good of the colony.colony.

• This agreement This agreement helped establish the helped establish the idea of idea of self-self-government and government and majority rulemajority rule..

Girls Aboard the MayflowerGirls Aboard the Mayflower

Many of the daughters were left in England because they believed the trip would be to harsh.

William Brewester left his 2 girls: Fear and Patience, but brought his two sons Love and Wrestling.

The youngest child was Humility Cooper, the one year old daughter of Edward and Ann Cooper.

Ellen and Mary Moore ages 8 and 4 had been sent on the Mayflower in the custody of other Pilgrims by their father who had found out that they were not his own children.

The Hopkins brought their 14 year old daughter, Constance.

The oldest girl was Pricilla Mullins, age 17.

First Winter: 75% of the women died, 50% Men died, 36% of the boys died and 19% of the girls died.

Squanto and SamosetSquanto and Samoset

• Native Americans Native Americans who had learned who had learned English fishermenEnglish fishermen

• Squanto helped Squanto helped negotiate a peace negotiate a peace treaty between the treaty between the Pilgrims and Chief Pilgrims and Chief Massasoit. He also Massasoit. He also showed them how to showed them how to plant, fish, and hunt.plant, fish, and hunt.

The First ThanksgivingThe First Thanksgiving• Held in the Fall of 1621 Held in the Fall of 1621

to give thanks for the to give thanks for the survival of the survival of the Plymouth Colony.Plymouth Colony.

• No actual account of No actual account of what was eaten at the what was eaten at the three day feast.three day feast.

• Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln established our present established our present Thanksgiving on the last Thanksgiving on the last Thursday November. Thursday November. FDR changed it to the FDR changed it to the 44thth Thursday. Thursday.

The Puritans Come to The Puritans Come to Massachusetts Bay (1630-Massachusetts Bay (1630-1640)1640)• Unlike the Separatists Unlike the Separatists • ( Pilgrims) the Puritans ( Pilgrims) the Puritans

wanted to “purify” the wanted to “purify” the Church of England of Church of England of Catholic practices and Catholic practices and traditions.traditions.

• The Puritan colony was The Puritan colony was supported by the supported by the Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay Company.Company.

• During the “Great During the “Great Migration” 20,000 Migration” 20,000 settled on the coast of settled on the coast of present Massachusettspresent Massachusetts

Puritans Want to “Purify”Puritans Want to “Purify”

Puritan BeliefsPuritan Beliefs1)1) Wanted to Wanted to “purify”“purify” the the

Church of England of Church of England of Catholic traditions and Catholic traditions and practices. Like Pilgrims practices. Like Pilgrims they were strong they were strong CalvinistsCalvinists

2)2) Original SinOriginal Sin (Born with (Born with Sin)Sin)

3)3) PredestinationPredestination (Certain (Certain people were people were ElectElect, those , those whom God chose to whom God chose to save, and some were not save, and some were not elected to be saved)elected to be saved)

4)4) Preservation of the Preservation of the SaintsSaints

5)5) ( All true Christians could ( All true Christians could never loose their never loose their salvation)salvation)

6)6) No celebration of No celebration of ChristmasChristmas

7)7) Observing Sabbath Observing Sabbath (Sunday) as Holy Day(Sunday) as Holy Day

8)8) Education emphasizedEducation emphasized so that you may read so that you may read and understand Bible.and understand Bible.

Jonathan Edwards

Puritan Minister

The Puritan’s Leader and The Puritan’s Leader and GovernorGovernor

John Winthrop

Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

“For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill, the eyes of all people will be upon us.”

John Winthrop

Model of Christian Charity

New Puritan Communities:New Puritan Communities:

• Reverend Thomas Reverend Thomas Hooker moved his Hooker moved his congregation to the congregation to the Connecticut River. Connecticut River. There they wrote There they wrote the the Fundamental Fundamental Order of Order of ConnecticutConnecticut, , America’s first America’s first written constitution.written constitution.

Connecticut Connecticut

Boston, MassachusettsBoston, Massachusetts is is founded as the first Puritan founded as the first Puritan Community.Community.

Harvard CollegeHarvard College

• The Puritans begin The Puritans begin America’s first America’s first college in 1636 at college in 1636 at Cambridge, Cambridge, Massachusetts.Massachusetts.

Challenges to Puritan Challenges to Puritan Leaders:Leaders:Anne HutchinsonAnne HutchinsonHutchinson believed Hutchinson believed

that a person could that a person could worship God without worship God without the help of the the help of the church, minister, or church, minister, or Bible. She was forced Bible. She was forced to leave to leave Massachusetts.Massachusetts.

Anne HutchinsonAnne HutchinsonPuritan ChallengerPuritan Challenger

Challenges to Puritan Challenges to Puritan Leaders:Leaders:Roger WilliamsRoger Williams• A minister in Salem, A minister in Salem,

Massachusetts who Massachusetts who opposed force church opposed force church attendance and the attendance and the colonists taking Native colonists taking Native American land by force. He American land by force. He believed in the believed in the ””Separation of Church Separation of Church and State”and State” In 1636 he In 1636 he was forced from the was forced from the colony; he fled southward colony; he fled southward and founded the colony of and founded the colony of Rhode IslandRhode Island..

Roger Williams and the Roger Williams and the Colony of Rhode IslandColony of Rhode Island

• Allowed Allowed religious religious freedomfreedom to all to all groups, including groups, including JewsJews

• Roger Williams Roger Williams founded the founded the first first Baptist ChurchBaptist Church in in America at America at Providence, Rhode Providence, Rhode Island in 1636.Island in 1636. First Baptist Church

Providence, Rhode Island

Oldest Baptist Church in America

Roger Williams Founds Rhode Island for Roger Williams Founds Rhode Island for Freedom of All ReligionsFreedom of All Religions

New HampshireNew Hampshire• The first European The first European

settlement in New settlement in New Hampshire was a village Hampshire was a village near Portsmouth in near Portsmouth in 1623. In 1638, 1623. In 1638, John John WheelrightWheelright established established the town of Exeter. The the town of Exeter. The town drew up the Exeter town drew up the Exeter Compact, which was Compact, which was based on the Mayflower based on the Mayflower CompactCompact

Mount Washington, Elevation 6628 Feet

Salem Witchcraft TrialsSalem Witchcraft Trials

• At At Salem Village Salem Village MassachusettsMassachusetts in 1692, a in 1692, a West Indian slave named West Indian slave named Tituba accused other girls Tituba accused other girls of witchcraft.of witchcraft.

• The others were forced to The others were forced to name others as witches.name others as witches.

• More than 100 people More than 100 people were accused.were accused.

• 19 were hanged19 were hanged and one and one pressed to deathpressed to death