NETWORK DESIGN FOR MINISTRY OF JUSTICE, FEDERAL SECRETARAIT OWERRI - BY Nnaemeka Nweke

NNAEMEKA NWEKE MARCH 3/27/13

NNAEMEKA NWEKE’S LIBREARY

NETWORK DESIGN FOR THE MINISTRY OF

JUSTICS, FEDERAL SECRETARIAT

OWERRI

DESIGNED BY: NNAEMEKA NWEKE

REGISTRATION NO: 20101742916

SUPERVISOR: AMADI E.C.

2013

Network design for Ministry of Justice federal secretariat Owerri

Nnaemeka Nweke’s Liberary www.gentyict.com Nnaemeka Nweke’s Liberary www.gentyict.com

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this report is the original work of Nnaemeka Nweke

submitted to the department of Information Technology, Federal

University of Technology Owerri (FUTO). Under the supervision of Amadi

E. C.

………………………… …………………………

E. C. Amadi Dr. (Mrs.) U. F. Eze

(HOD IMT) (Supervisor)

Network design for Ministry of Justice federal secretariat Owerri

Nnaemeka Nweke’s Liberary www.gentyict.com Nnaemeka Nweke’s Liberary www.gentyict.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE PAGE:

CHAPTER ONE……………………………………………………………………………………………………......................................1 - 7

INTROTUCTION

1.1 BUILDING INFORMATION

1.1.1 NAME OF BUILDING AND LOCATION

1.1.2 ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT AT THE BUILDING

1.1.3 STAFF STRENGTH AND PROFESSIONAL LEVEL

1.1.4 EXISTING NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE INFORMATION

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE NETWORK DESIGN

CHAPTER TWO…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8-17

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION, CABLING AND TOPOLOGY

2.1 DESIGN COMPONENTS

2.1.1 ROUTERS

2.1.2 SWITCHES

2.1.3 SEVERS

2.1.4 V-SAT DISH

2.2 NETWORK CABLING

2.2.1 CATEGORY 5 CABLE (Cat5 cable)

2.2.2 CATEGORY 6 CABLE (Cat6 cable)

2.2.3 PERSONAL COMPUTER (PC)

2.3 STAR TOPOLOGY

2.4 SUMMARY TABLE OF DEVICES AND SPECIFICATION

CHAPTER THREE……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….18-22

NETWORK DESIGN AND CALCULATIONS

3.1 NETWORK LAYERS

3.2 PDV CALCULATION

3.3 IP CONFIGURATION

3.4 BILL OF QUANTITY

CHAPTER FOUR……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….23- 25

CONCLUTION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 CONCLUTION

4.2 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED

4.3 RECOMMENDATION

Network design for Ministry of Justice federal secretariat Owerri 1 | P a g e

Nnaemeka Nweke’s Liberary www.gentyict.com

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

CONCEPT OF NETWORKING

The definition of networking is actually quite simple. A network is

simply a collection of computer or other hardware devices that are

connected together, either physically or logically, using special

hardware and software, to allow them to exchange information and

cooperate. Networking is the term that describes the process involved

in designing, implementing, upgrading, managing and otherwise

working with networks and network technologies.

Networks are used for an incredible array of different purposes. In

fact, the definitions above are so simple for scientific reason that

networks can be used so broadly, and can allow such a wide variety of

tasks to be accomplished. While most people learning about

networking focus on the interconnection of pc’s and other ‘’true’’

computers, you use various types of networks every day. Each time

you pick up a phone, use a credit card at a store, get cash from an ATM

machine, or even plug in an electrical appliance, you are using some

type of network.

In fact, the definition can even be expanded beyond the world of

technology altogether: I’m sure you’ve heard the term “networking”

used to describe the process of finding an employer or employee by

talking to friends and associates. In this case too, the idea is that



independent units are connected together to share information and

cooperate. But basically we would be talking about networking

involving different technologies, hardware devices and protocols.

Most of the benefits of networking can be divided into generic

categories:

Connectivity and sharing

Connectivity and communication

Data sharing

Internet access

Data security and management

Performance enhancement and balancing

Entertainment

There are also demerits of networking and they include:

Network hardware, software and setup costs.

Hardware and software managements and administration costs.

Illegal or undesirable behaviour.

Data security concerns.

Undesirable sharing e.g. viruses



1.1 BUILDING INFORMATION

1.1.1 NAME OF BUILDING AND LOCATION

Ministry of Justice Block 10, New Secretariat Complex Port

Harcourt Road, PMB 1145,Owerri, Imo State.

Fig; 1.1 Entrance of the building.

Fig; 1.2 front view of the building.



Fig; 1.3 Interior view of the building.

Fig; 1.4 One of the offices.



1.1.2 ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT IN THE BUILDING

The activity carried out in the building includes;

Ensuring that the results of the justice system reform take root.

Promotion and protection of human rights.

Sue crime victims.

Recovery of public safety.

1.1.3 THE STAFF STRENGTH AND PROFRSSONAL LEVEL OF THE

MINISTRY;

The proficiency of the staff is low; they are on the average, meaning

that just a few has the idea of computer usage, application and

appreciation.

Professional level of the Ministry; these are what the Ministry do and

their specializations which include:

Consolidation of basic law on civil matter.

Reform of penal institutions.

Promotion and development of law-related education.

1.1.4 EXISTING NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE

There is no existing network, as almost all the activities carried out by

the ministry are carried out manually and files kept in hard copy.



1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE NETWORK DESIGN

Organisation needs solution that would successfully address the

following problem

i) How to avoid duplication of equipment of resources

ii) Help to communicate efficiently.

Speed; sharing and transferring files within network are very

rapid, thus saving time, while maintaining the integrity of the

file.

Cost; individually licensed copies of many popular software

programs can be costly, network version are available at

considerable savings shared programs, on a network allow for

easier upgrading of the programs on one single file server.

Security; sensitive files and programs on a network are password

protected (established for specific directories to restrict access

to unauthorised users) or designated as “cop inhibit” so that you

do not have to worry about illegal copying of programs.

To facilitate easy communication among workers.

To enhance file sharing from one office/department to another.

Optimum utilization of hardware resources

Centralization of database.



1.3 SCOPE OF THE NETWORK DESIGN

The scope of the design is the last floor of the building, Reasons for

using that particular scope;

Time factors

The rooms are of the same size, width and length.

Due to the complexity of the building.



CHAPTER 2

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION, CABLING AND TOPOLOGY

This describes all the elements involved in the network design

including cabling and the topology of the network that allows all the

various component part to communicate, see each other and allow

file transfer.

2.1 DESIGN COMPONENTS:

2.1.1 ROUTERS

Routers are simply devices that interconnect group of users compared

to switches and bridges, routers are smarter. They use more complete

packet ‘’address’’ to determine which router or workstation should

receive each packet. Based on a network road map called a ‘’routing

table’’ routers can help ensure that packets are travelling the most

efficient paths to their destinations. If a link between two routers goes

down, the sending router can determine an alternative route to keep

traffic moving.

Fig; 2.1 A Router



Routers also provide links between networks that speak different

languages or in a computer network that use different ’’protocols’’.

Examples include IP (internet protocol), the IPX (internet packet

exchange protocol), the Apple Table Routers not only connect

networks in a single location or set of buildings, but they provide

interfaces or ‘’sockets’’, for connecting wide Area network (WAN)

services. These WAN services, which are offered by

telecommunications companies to connect geographically, dispersed

networks.

2.1.2 SWITCHES:

Switches are smarter than hubs and offer more bandwidth. A switch

forwards data packets only to the appropriate port for the intended

recipient, based on information in each packets header. To insulate

the transmission from the other ports, the switch established a

temporary connection between the sources and destinations then

terminates the connection when the communication is done. As such,

a switch can support multiple conversation and move much more

traffic through the network than a hub. A single 8-port Ethernet hub

provides a total 10 –megabits per second (MPBS) of data carrying

capacity shared among all users on the hub.

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Fig; 2.2 a switch

A full duplex refers to simultaneous bidirectional communications

such as telephone communication. With half-duplex communication,

data can move across the table or transmission medium in just one

direction at a time.

2.1.3 SERVER

A server is a physical computer (a computer hardware system)

dedicated to run one or more services (as a host), to serve the needs

of the users of other computer on a network.

Fig; 2.3 a sever

There are kinds of server depending on the computing service it offers.

Viz;


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DATABASE SERVER (DB Server):

DB server a computer program that provides database services to

other computer programs or computers, as defined by the client-

server model. A DB is either accessed through a front-end running on

user’s computer which displays requested data or the back-end which

runs on the server and handles tasks such as data analysis and strong.

FILE SERVER:

A file server is a computer attached to a network tha has the primary

purpose of providing a location for shared disk access, i.e. shared

storage of computer files (such as documents, sound files,

photographs, images, databases etc.) that can be accessed by a

workstations that are attached to the same computer network. A file

server is designed primarily to enable the storage and retrieval of data

while the computation is carried out by the workstations.

2.1.4 V-SAT DISH

A Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) is a two-way micro-Earth

station that uses the latest innovations in the field of satellite

communications to allow user's access to reliable satellite

communications. VSATs provide users with services comparable to

large gateways and terrestrial networks, at a fraction of the cost.


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Fig; 2.4 a v-sat dish.

VSATs provide the vital communication links required to set up a

satellite based communication network. VSATs can support any

communication requirement be it voice, data, or video conferencing.

VSAT networks provide users with simple equipment that requires

minimal installation and repair. They are easy to operate and simple

to troubleshoot.

2.1.3 PERSONAL COMPUTER (PCs):

Fig; 2.5 PC.

A PC is a general purpose computer whose size, capabilities, and

original sale price make it useful for individuals, and which is intended

to be operated directly by the end users with no intervening computer

operator. Pcs may be connected to a LAN either by cables or wireless

connection.


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2.2 NETWORK CABLING

2.2.1 CATEGORY 5 CABLE (Cat5 cable):

This is an Ethernet network cable slandered defined by the Electronic

Industries Association and Telecommunication. Industry Association

(commonly known as EIA/TIA)

Fig; 2.4 Cat5 cable

Cat5 cable is the fifth generation of twisted pair Ethernet Technology

and the most popular of all twisted pair cables in use today.

2.2.2 CATEGORY 6 CABLE (Cat6 cable):

This cable is commonly referred to as cat6, is a standardized cable for

Gigabit Ethernet and other network physical layers that is backward

compatible with the category 5/5e and category 3 cables.


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Fig; 2.5 Cat6 cable

Cat 6 cable has a reduced maximum length when used for 10BASE-T;

Cat 6a cable or Augmented cat6, is characterized to 500MHz and has

improved alien crosstalk.

2.3 STAR TOPOLOGY

Star networks are one of the most common computer network

topologies. In its simplest form, star networks consist of one central

switch, hub or computer which acts as a conduit to transmit messages.

This consists of a central node, to which all other nodes are connected;

this central node provides a common connection point for all nodes

through a hub. In star topology every node (computer, workstation or

any other peripheral devices) is connected to a central node called hub

or switch. The switch is the server and the peripherals are the clients.

Thus, the hub and leaf nodes are the transmission lines between

them, from a graph with the topology of a star.

The star topology reduces the chance of network failure by connecting

all the systems to a central node. Data on a star network passes


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through the hub, switch or concentrator before continuing to its

destination. The hub, switch or concentrator manages and controls all

functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow.

This configuration is common with twisted pair cable. However it can

be used with coaxial cable or fibre cable.

Star topology has a better performance that prevents the passing of

data packets through an excessive number of communications

between any two devices is inherently isolated by the link that

connects it to the hub. This makes the isolation of individual device

straight-forward and amounts to disconnecting each device from the

others. This isolation also prevents any non-centralized failure from

affecting the network. Installation and configuration is easy since

every one device only requires a link and one input/output port to

connect it to any other device(s).


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2.4 SUMMARY TABLE OF DEVICES AND SPECIFICATION:

Device Specification

Routers:

(Band Luxe R300 series)

WiFi: 802.11 b/g with Pre-n (1x1 antenna design,

no diversity).

Modem: Embedded, GPRS, EDGE

WCDMA/HSPA/HSPA+

GSM: 850/900/1800/1900 MH2

Supports: WAN/LAN Ethernet Port External 3G

Antenna Port ready.

Switches:

(cisco MOS 9124 Fabric

Switch)

Performance - 4Gbps

Maximum ports - 24

Minimum ports - 8

Aggregate switch Bandwidth 288gbps (full duplex)

Protocol support fibre channel

Blade type supported not applicable

High availability features

Hot plug, non-disruptive software

upgrades, redundant

Power supply (OPTIONAL).

Servers: File server: PPPOE Network protocol.

Port mirroring.

Extended networking with multiple NFS & NEDs.

11 Quadrax Ethernet ports.

64GB solid-state Drive (SSD) storage.

Database server: Name/type - Apple G5 Xserve.


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Operating System - Mac OS X.

Database server Vendor/Version - MySQL/5.0.45

CPU information - 2 GHz Power PC G5.

Additional Hard Drive – Hardware-based RAID 5

using 3 disks.

Cat 5 cable: Supports fast Ethernet speeds (up to 100Mbps),

350Mhz Ethernet.

Maximum length of 100m (328 feet).

Baseband – 10/100/1000 Mbps (Cat3/5/5e/6).

EMI Protection – Shielded (STP).

Cat 6 cable: Maximum length when used for 10BASE-T, to be

run to 100m.

Speed of 250MHz over fast Internet, Gigabit

Internet and 10-Gigabit Internet.

550Mhz enhanced Ethernet.

Able to attach to standard 8P8C connectors.

Impedance of about 100 ohms.

Specific wire shield that terminates in a T568A,

T568B or RJ61 wiring connector.

V-SAT DISH VIPSAT 512 IRG15/32 TERMINAL,

1.8m INTELSAT application antenna, C-BAND feed.


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CHAPTER THREE

NETWORK DESIGN AND CALCULATIONS

3.1 NETWORK LAYERS:

Fig; 3.1 A network layer of Ministry of Justices Building

(Federal secretariat Owerri).


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3.2 PDV CALCULATION:

PDV CALCULATION

LINKS

DELAY VALUE

BIT TIME

CALCULATION

BIT TIME

PC1 — SW1

(Cat 5)

1.112 9.9 X 1.112 11.009

SW1 — R1

(Cat 5)

1.112 10 X 1.112 11.12

R1 — R2

(Cat 6)

1.1 14.9 X 1.1 16.39

R2 — SW4

(Cat 5)

1.112 9.0 X 1.112 10.008

SW4 — PC25

(Cat 5)

1.112 6.35 X 1.112 7.0612

Router 100 100 X 2 200

Switch 92 92 X 2 184

Safety margin 5 5 5

Total: = 444.5882 bit Time

To determine whether the configuration other than the standard ones

will work, it is advisable to use the information from IEEE802.3U

specification to check the longest segment to make sure that the path

delay value (PDV) does not exceed 512 bit times. Since our path delay

value is 444.5882bit times. Here, our configuration will work, since

the PDV is less than 512 bit times. The path is qualified in terms of

worst case delay.


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3.3 IP CONFIGURATION:

IP CONFIGURATION

DEVICE INTER-FACE

NO OF HOST

IP ADDRESS SUBNET MASK CIDR VALUE

GATEWAY BROADCAST ADDRESS

IP BLOCK = 192.168.50.0

DIRECTOR OF ACCOUNT

ROUTER2 Fa 0 12 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.240 28 - 192.168.50.15

PC 13 - 12 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.1 192.168.50.15

PC 14 - 12 192.168.50.3 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.1 192.168.50.15

PRINTER3 - 12 192.168.50.4 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.1 192.168.50.15

CHIEF ACCOUNTS

PC 15 - 12 192.168.50.5 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.1 192.168.50.15

PC 16 - 12 192.168.50.6 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.1 192.168.50.15

PC 17 - 12 192.168.50.7 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.1 192.168.50.15

PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICE

PC 18 - 12 192.168.50.8 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.1 192.168.50.15

PC 19 - 12 192.168.50.9 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.1 192.168.50.15

PRINTER4 - 12 192.168.50.10 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.1 192.168.50.15

CIVIL R

PC 20 - 12 192.168.50.11 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.1 192.168.50.15

PC 21 - 12 192.168.50.12 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.1 192.168.50.15

PC 22 - 12 192.168.50.13 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.1 192.168.50.15

OPEN REGISTRY

ROUTER1 Fa1 8 192.168.50.17 255.255.255.240 28 - 192.168.50.31

PC 6 - 8 192.168.50.18 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.17 192.168.50.31

PC 7 - 8 192.168.50.19 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.17 192.168.50.31

PC 8 - 8 192.168.50.20 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.17 192.168.50.31

PC 9 - 8 192.168.50.21 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.17 192.168.50.31

PC 10 - 8 192.168.50.22 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.17 192.168.50.31

PRINTER2 - 8 192.168.50.23 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.17 192.168.50.31

REGISTRY OFFICE

PC 11 - 8 192.168.50.24 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.17 192.168.50.31

PC 12 - 8 192.168.50.25 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.17 192.168.50.31


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CHIEF ADMIN

ROUTER1 Fa0 6 192.168.50.33 255.255.255.240 28 - 192.168.50.47

PC 1 - 6 192.168.50.34 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.33 192.168.50.47

PC 2 - 6 192.168.50.35 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.33 192.168.50.47

ADMIN DEPT

PC 3 - 6 192.168.50.36 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.33 192.168.50.47

PC 4 - 6 192.168.50.37 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.33 192.168.50.47

PC 5 - 6 192.168.50.38 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.33 192.168.50.47

PRINTER1 - 6 192.168.50.38 255.255.255.240 28 192.168.50.33 192.168.50.47

PERMANENT SECRETARY

ROUTER2 Fa1 4 192.168.50.49 255.255.255.248 29 - 192.168.50.56

PC 23 - 4 192.168.50.49 255.255.255.248 29 192.168.50.49 192.168.50.56

PC 24 - 4 192.168.50.49 255.255.255.248 29 192.168.50.49 192.168.50.56

PRINTER5 - 4 192.168.50.49 255.255.255.248 29 192.168.50.49 192.168.50.56

ATTORNEY GENERAL CHEMBER

PC 25 - 4 192.168.50.50 255.255.255.248 29 192.168.50.49 192.168.50.56

CONTROL ROOM

ROUTER0 Fa0 2 192.168.50.58 255.255.255.248 29 - 192.168.50.64

DB SERVER

2 192.168.50.59 255.255.255.248 29 192.168.50.58 192.168.50.64

FILE SERVER

2 192.168.50.60 255.255.255.248 29 192.168.50.58 192.168.50.64

ROUTER INTERFACES

ROUTER1 Se0 2 192.168.50.65 255.255.255.252 30 - 192.168.50.67

ROUTER2 Se0 2 192.168.50.66 255.255.255.252 30 - 192.168.50.67

ROUTER0 Se0 2 192.168.50.69 255.255.255.252 30 - 192.168.50.71

ROUTER1 Se1 2 192.168.50.70 255.255.255.252 30 - 192.168.50.71


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3.4 BILL OF QUANTITY:

Device Quantity Cost per unit(N) Total cost (N)

Router 3 325,000 975,000

Switch 5 180,000 900,000

Server 2 85,000 170,000

PCs 25 65,000 1,625,000

Cat 5 cable 2 6,800 13,600

Cat 6 cable 1 7,100 7,100

V-SAT dish 1 471,000 471,000

Printer 5 13,500 67,500

Total

N 4,229,200


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CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

4.1 CONCLUSION

NETWORKING is an important aspect in Information Technology

because it enables devices to communicate with each other

irrespective of their locations.

As a students of Information Management Technology, i have applied

rmy knowledge so far on networking in the achievement of the

network design of the above mentioned ministry. Haven visited the

ministry (as a team), and taken proper note of the structure,

measurements and the activities carried out, i’ve been able to come

up with a network design, putting into consideration, the structure

(various departments) and the activities carried out in the ministry.

Networking devices such as routers, switches, printers, PCs and cables

were used in designing the network.

The network was designed; to facilitate easy communication among

workers in various department, to enhance file sharing from one

office/department to another and Optimum utilization of hardware

resources and Centralization of database.

A block IP address of 192.168.50.0 was used in the network design.

We applied the idea on subneting to divide the block IP address in

various subnets. A CIDR value of 28, 29 and 30 were used because of

the number of hosts in various departments, and the avoidance of IP

wastage.


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Difficulties in getting a good government Parastatal

Getting the full plan of the building

Realization of money from student

Trying to convince the manger to allow us take building

measurements since the full plan is not in the state

Getting prices of devices used in the network design

Being out of lectures while trying to meet up with appointment

reached with the staffs (management), etc.

4.2 CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED

The assignment was a peaceful one though stressful, in areas like;

4.3 RECOMMENDATION:

I recommend that such broad assignment be given to students in

this department continually for the wider knowledge of IMT

313[networking] that will enable the student to know more about

their course of study. Students should be able to find out more on

networking through gaining experience on excursions that will teach

them more about network layout, networking devices, IP addressing

and other thing related to networking.

The Federal secretariat Owerri [ministry of Justice] has a good

structure for students to do more on networking.


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REFERENCE

Data Communications and Networking By Behrouz A. Forouzan

Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide, Sixth Edition

Device specifications (www.hannonhill.com)

Component distribution, cabling and topology

(www.wikipedia.com, www.teledynecontrols.com

www.micronet.com, etc.)

Class note

Architecture (Microsoft Visio application, Adobe Photoshop)

Report typing (Microsoft Word)

Pictures (Digital camera shot).

Etc…..

http://www.hannonhill.com/

http://www.wikipedia.com/

http://www.teledynecontrols.com/

http://www.micronet.com/

Documents

NETWORK DESIGN FOR MINISTRY OF JUSTICE, FEDERAL SECRETARAIT OWERRI - BY Nnaemeka Nweke