Naval Aviation News - Oct 1943

8/6/2019 Naval Aviation News - Oct 1943

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qUONS"ET POINT'S A.el SCHOOL TIl!ACHEs OFIi'ICERS TO ~COGNITE SHIPS BY TOTA.L FORM PERCU'TIDN, NOT BY COMBINATION OF IND1\/IDUAL !'ARTS

H O W T O ID E N IF Y S I P SA t the Start Q uonset P ick s O ut Pe(u lia rities-L ike Joe B row n's B usby E yebrow s

THE most irnpurtant pT(1bl m th - trenfronts the teacher of ship ree-< )gn i[ i( }u I s de te rm in ing ' what and h owrnanv details of a ship's sUJJCI'Su'uc-turcshould he singled out for special ern-phasis. Of course, care mu \ bl' takenno I Ip ove -burden the b,'gillnur witha mass f irr levant detail. The anal-ogy has Ircqnerrtly been drawn be-tween identifying: ships or planes andIden tif'ying people one meets, to ex-plain the need for knowing a hip OJ'plane no! AS a combinat ion of parts,out as a "total Iorm" perception,'Tid aonl g' call be ext sndcd.. See Irnreductlon to the nr and 7il'li'

R~GCJg'Illllill Plr!o rial M Iltilull.

Wht.n rno ring a gl'OtIp f strangers,unless gifted with a phenomenal mem-ory. one j, forced to rely upon pecu-

ContentsHow to Identify Ships 1Grampaw Pettibohe . 6Jap Ships Under Atfack 8Did You Know:'? .. , 10Marine C.orps .l\viatlon 14Shore Statlons ., , ., 21Communications , . 22Technic(1lfy SpeC1king . . 27Leiters., . . . . . . . .. 32

liarities in appearance of each il l thel t l 'Cmp- - ->;{ 'ar ()I" molt. way o f t al ki n_ g~to individualize tach (the people.'W I1 I'1 1 $ f tc iAg these people later, a"toia] form percppt.ion" replaces theneed f O l " the earlier means o r idenrifi-cation. This "iustinctivo" recognitionwill have developed nlQI'C rapidly be-cause of concentratlon at the start OIJa di lin tive dt~tai!~J9c Brown thfellow witlr U1 busby eyebrows.'I'ltis process of learning is appli-cable to ~"ip rel:.ognition. To distin-g~!ish I ,tw ea -niw.d Stales and Brit-iID one-stack destroy rs. onlv a fewdetails arc 1 1 1 "e d . . d. It is sufficient topoint out th at all British ne-sta c:k(>rc..


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have tripod foremasts, flash screenset veen theu forward gun houses, andsharply rak d bow. whereas no one-stack United States destroyers havetripod foremasts or flash screens foc-ward,and Lhcir bows are leu sharplyraked. Thes characterisries will be110 more apparent atlong range (han Joellrown's bushy eye-hrows! all dcstro rstll'e n'otorJously a1:kcwhen seen on the ho-rizon, Bu it must nnrh forg tten that J oe B rOW II's e browsplayed an integral parr in making iteas to di tinguish him ~rom the rest,though later the were no I ngerneeded in l - ' copmizi l"lg him from afar.Confidence an Element of teurningDetails of armament, comparative

freeboasds, type$ oi bridge structureand the like might also have been in-cludr-d in the initial pr atation ofU. . d British one-stack destrovej ,DtH confidence lllust be bnilt up III abeginner, The sooner one call t h umbthrough a file of pictures and recog-nize what he sees the better will he theresults. Trying to master many de-tails for ea h ship or plane l ' euHs in aslowing down of the learning pr L 'SS .This is vcry disco~giIIg to the begin-ner, When it becomes nee ssary toIll.ke the pi'cture more detailed-toilv,oicl CO.fir usien with o the r ene- tackdesrroyers ,(sa " the Italians) -addi~Lional facts can be added. Ther is00 need [or till information at first.Time is an essential Iactor at Quon-set', Air Combat Information School.Besidt$ other subjeei student officers

try to master during the eight week"course, they have also to learn naviesand air forces of the U nited States,Great Britain, Japan, and O(~l"mauy,This schedule Ieaves approximately11 week fO r all ships of the U. S.Fleer .another fm ur Navy and Anny

combat lliane , a third for. the BritisbFleet, and so on. It has been f(lu,nddistiftctly helpful to present all mate-rial n a comparative- basi". Duringth e nrsl classroom hOU f1 silh ouet tes of411U. S. one-stack batdeshjps are pro-jected at th arne time 011 a screen. SOthat . ne will be learned in r lation toth rest: the .high, solid tower-bridgeof the Sotah Dekota, nearly twice t he -b'ight of her wide stack, ) s contrastedv"lih th e lower, less m assiv . t wer-bridge of the T(mrI8SStB: the Ne1Jadr/sbarely discernible trJpod Io lJIillit ~U1dSharply pYl'rumJal profile amid liip~are s e e n . t- O differ markedly frern thehigber tripod foremast and the morespread-out \0 ' t r he supersrructu

... ContinuedTJJL rill""Il '""'bid) d / !j l. e ,j rr :I I ' " r l . J ~

.Ih/) I. 1')4-1, ItJtlr:r;j il,blll.,g,U;II,

on the Ptrnl 'ln'lvolJit l ; the N(Jw Mr.xiao' cluttered towcr-bridg of aboutthe same be-ight as her stack gives. heran d her uster s:hjps a uniquely stubbysquat appearance; while the promi-nent tripod mainmasts, set"well ~ftonthe TeJea s and ArkqrutU, keep thesships distinctly segregated [rotn. any ofthe others. Such contrasts, Iar fromtending 10 comUs the beginner, havebeen found 1 1 1 g b I y effective in bringinginto prominence those essential differ-ences upon wh:ic l l di tin,guishing onship from I ' lnotheris based.Selecting Ships' ChafQderis';c~Decidine which details of a ship's

sup erstru tur should IJ c selected Ior

N EW M EX IC O

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special emphasis is n t always so easy.specially when long-range recognitionis involved. Ships of die lllltlTLtlPSanDiego class near-by, for instance, wouldseem to present no difficulty; (Jushdeekline and the three turrets forwaJ'dand aft tilppa.renrtyinilividuaUze thesesJ)ips suff ien tly at a ny range. Ar;tiQOphotogl'aphs Irmrn the South Pa ificsuggest otherwise; with after turretscornpletelv ohscured, and forward lut-ts not too dea-r ly outlined. the Alt-lfJ1lIr;s are nevertheless still recogniz-able frum their prominent after islandswIth th e single, highfire-control tower,just abaft the Iuttered iecond Slack.Sit"ilarIy, the hangar structure onruisers of til,New OrteflllS class tendto becom still mar massiv!'! the M -

tlter off the)' are, giving a heavilyhuil t -up appearance, weU aft on thedkline. Details such a those justmentioned, which do not necessarilycommand attention when the ships inquestioa are near at hand, are ebvi-usly TJpints which an inl'tructOI'should stress fer a class, becaus it islong-range recognition tha t . is of pri-mary interest,What Does ' t Look like Far Away?There is " of course, no sure way ofknowing how a ship i going to lookwhen far distant, iIGill 10 e-up shots

are available. Actual observationwould be ideal ithe next b sl sclutionis t- o make usc of photographs. Thoccasional releases of combat plcturesconstitute an excelhmt 80UIce forlong.ran_ge VlcWS of ships. and planes,in unconventional positions; but thenumber and types of ship$ and planesincluded insuch releases are necessar-ily limited. A . steadier and more in-clusive supply can be btained 'b)' hav-illgl;trget pictures reduced in size.

D a pi e of cardboard 15" x 8 1 . 1hom ten to fifteen of the smaller pic-rures fl'om ueh a publication as O . N .1.54'-1(, may be mounted, and two Orthree prints 0 1 the colle 'bon znade,ranging in sizes from one-quarter toone-sixteenth the size o r the origl-nats--c)('pending upon dality or back-ground (lflhe original,In thi~ manner it is easy to build up

a good w.erkil1gset of what Corre-sponds to long-rang!! views of ships orplanes; and lho instructor ibetter en-abled L O aeefa! ! what arc the reallv!fi,sril1clivc features to b~ emphasized,These reduced-In-size pictures

should also be made avail abl to thestuden ts, Use of card files, contain.


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f~.II!!!!I v .O n e o f t h e F in a l E x a m i n a t i o n s i n R e c o g n i t i ( ) n G i v e n t o ' t h e S t u d e n t O f H c e r s a t Q u o n s e t's A ( I S c h o o l1. N E L S O N 9. KO NG U n : R E N O W N 2 5 . B E N S O H - B R I S T O L 33 . O M A H A2 . KATE 1 0 . M E - I t O lB . M U S T A N G 2 6 . N E L L 3 ( S P I T F I R E3 . P E N S A C O L A . 1 1 . l E R A T S U K I 19 . G E l lM AN D O 2 7 , L E I P Z I G 3 5 . N E W - C A S T L E4 . V E N T U R A It M E - IO l i F 2 0 . FOI lTRESS 2 8. OO- zI7 E 3D . JU -5 2 /3M5 . S C H A R N H O R S T 1 3 . G R I D L E Y 2 1 . S O U T H D AK D T A 29 . M A L A Y A 3 1 . N E V A D A .6 . V A L 1 4 . B E T T Y 2 2 . J U- 81 i 3 D. B E AU F OR T 31 . C A T A L I N A1, D E V O N S H I R E 1 5 . R A N G E R 2 3 . T E N R Y U 3 1 . N A C I 1 I 3 9 . C L EV E L A N DB . B E A U F I G H T E R 16 : W E lL I N G T O N 2 4 . W A R H A W K 32 . R U F E ~ ~ . H E - I n K

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lSi dOl ~Icht eln stem OT~~~r'H-p.H~ IQt ain't. 00 .$tel" of bE!~rT~'fe~' fQ , : "w.~rd .~(i(t m r~rL'IlTZO\'l Or der AOMIRAL StHEftR r

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I S H I P S . C O N T IN U E D Ii I1 g picture ~ )r 'hips a1ld plaut! aswell a ilhouctte has berl! foundell' ctive at the AU : Combat Informa-t ion. c h ou]. it1 buildiE)g ramibarilYwith the material presented. In thes hool's library students have " 'alduplicate files. including rnest rrecerrtand varied shots 0 1 ' I"..a,ah sh ip andplane studied. The e arc ill additionto We ex "!len Ie, lleetion of sl ides fur-nishod hr the Navy R.('~ognitjom De-purtrucnt, Students an' urged to runthreugh the card Ill ;; on 1 a day ifpossible, not looking fit indlvlduat pho-tographs for longer that) a second be-

Iure nJaki!lg identification. By thisadditional process oftepetiticm, wbithas already b 'cu [earned is in lessdanger of becoming nusty or lost, andIamiliarity with new material is, facili-tated. CorrectionIf f 1 1 1 1 1 m 1 1 , , [ 8 OJI Royal A ir FOhiflc j'l it~-s/!.pl. 1 . ' 5 is s Ut, N" ( 1 ( 1 1A uiij,/ifl!1 N l n l 's s iaterdthaI "in 1918 all nir tJmlL i11cilldj7lg ill()lfilIlI cni riers (lnd plfHll


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1 P < tH 1 EAVV SEAS DEMANDS KEEN , CRITICAL EYE ;~ AND A 81LHY TO IDENTIfY VESSELS THROUGH TUTAL FORII '! PEIICPTIONIECOGNlnON


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~E; ~E.E.\"S NO PAtN!M E. l$ M~T c~,...seiouS

OF MIS c.ON D'TioN.'

B a i l i n g O u t P r o b l e m sDuring L st !1ighl of au Fll< + . theslick jammed in the full fot\\'(iul po-sition (caw. under ermined}, forcing

the punt ('397 bouts) to bail our. T'hefollowing r


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[ had to fly practically ~ide open to keepup, "B-1 would ease bnck 011 the th rot-tles and iu t coast al ng-anrl nrr! ebout a half-hour after everyhody elsehad Landed. I gU l hell every night and8. bunch of "close-up" messages crydB)', hut itwas werth it b~RUI!"6 ruy "fIy-ing mud-turtle" (each plane had its owninsignia rhen)w3 the only (me to te3-ehGuantunamu (aCter 4 long- days) withou trequiring an engtne hange.

r know modern engine, are gt'elJ I y Im-proved, but th y tin have limitation Each indlvldnal engiIul ha its weak link;th lhin thut lets go first whe-n it isoverstressed. En gill don't always failthe minute they are mi treated (this isil'hat makes pilots careless), bu I; they dbtore it Illp. 1'~~i1\1n1 3 progressive !UtI !.....ll (latch you ume day wben you lenstexpect it, and enn least arrnrd it,'l'hal's wh y I ex-plode w1100 J runinto IIn eng inbully; a pilot wlth aweak mind and a -!>trong a r ru who~mllSf~ntJy run s.twid e 0) p e 0.."Somebody has to PIIY the vellahy forslIch abu e and, ullfQftlUlate{y, itj oft IIvou lind 1. wit 3Iw1\:, treat our e.ngillc ..~th 'on 'deratiolil.Engine restri(1i,ons aren't d~jgned tohandicap tile pilot; they ar put 01\ anengine becaus e elaborate l ts havedemon Hated til t tho 4l are tbe limitof saf eperution, H )'OURl'C smart, ~ouwill accl:pl the e limitflotions.1 know wllr r ctuiremcnts sometimesd mand op rations far inese ss u[pre.scrlbed lilllHs-amd the tml!,..ine havemany times taken lite beating and comehome in ne piece. 4 olwitllStanllin

this, everything 1 1 1 1 w ( ' aid till gol.'s.Don't make ueh ex-.i,,~\'~,,;;,,~ees your tandardPour (tun wIten yonhave to (or safety,but get back lntesafe u p ~I'a tin grange the moment!lIe im. Ine diu temergency i ever.Thel1c' no 1\' d fi rmaking your jtlb an~' In .he dOllggrouthan it naturally is. Ull are ILn....ing Itlot oI horses, hut you got to know h owto trent 'ern to get the most out of U . 'm.Rememb r, yuu expect that (,llgin to

take you O\' r a 1(.1tof water IUId roughtcrrail1. O. K. I TAKE - RE OF ur.[SD~T. O. N". Is-ll 9n ~ull~jn Pf(\i1ullfin& nnd

knQW . 1 . " re~_rftrrv" ,r ~Qnr "".lieuln. ""~',lO v e r h a u l Trouble

Dur1 l1g engine installatrou in allruD-I, an 1n pelion tag was sni pp edoff nd it s iltt.achiug wir left i:q themagneto. One hundred am! sixteenengine houtS later this caused themagneto to shcrt out, several plugs tofoul, and the ftlgjll~ to CUt out. hus,

th is IIcgligenee (possibly due to igno-rane }Willl the basi cause of a de-erred forced landing which resultedin "strike' damage t the airpJ ne.Fortunately, none I the 1, pel" nsab ard was seriollsly injured.Marine W innin g

rYl:trin Base Defense A Ir raftCroup 42 has exp rienr,cd a consider-able numl er of aircralt a cidcntcoincident \ Ith the Influx of relativelvgreen pilets, The G I ' O U P ' S new!' lett rbei .Icd some of these accidents and ex-pressed the hope that other pilotsW011ld bcnefft from the publication (Ifthese f'xperiel').ces.1. One NJ pilot made a "wh eels-up" landing, resulting ill th loss of theplaa . f 0 1 at least 2 weeks. Cttlming infor a landing the pll@t low red thev, heels and theu proceeded to retrnrtthcrn instead of lowering the Haps. Inth i case "'Dilhel'" had groprod blindlyfor the corttrols which . 1 rc clearlymarked and ncrl easily confused. ToIorestall future, similar accidents, , I30.de.gree-llap rule !Ol' landiogsLa ...been adopted which will necessitatob ervation of the flap indicators aut!pr eludes the pos ib.ility of using thwrona a Lual.ing me hanism,2. "DUb .rt" j o, 2 st .d an SNJ onits nose .lS a r sullof d 'ciding to joina gr up Q r 'tBF', in shooting t:alTierlandings, The pilet, assuming that

rhe TBP in front 0 f him wa sheeting'another landing. was suddenly awarethat this was his final lauding and wasconfronted ,iththe all- native ofhewin up LlJ BF' tail or standingthe] rl i t s ; l105C, He cbo e the latterand ut aucther plane out of C m-I I D s s i 11 .3. A fatal accident occurred wh n arake-off in aIJBD was attempted withth e prop 1 1 1 " . 1 'n high pitch, T h e a i r -plane never became uir-horuc; iL ranoff the TW\Way and into a swamp.

H eD i d n ' t W e a r

H is L i f e J a c k e t ,

whcr it overturned,4, Another fatal a 'cidelrl occurredwhen a harp left tum was attemptedwirh insuflicien] air sp~i:'!'l. Appar-cntly, while in th turn, lilt" pilet klckedtop rudder, ct~using the plane to gointu, :.tn 1 1 and spill iuto the ocean.5. Another squadron surrl'red ltsfirst casualty when a pilot tlhorcgardooinstructions to maintain contact flightrules and decided .instcad to flythrough all opening in tit, 0 J'


9/36

J A P S I S U D E R A l A C KArmy~Navy C oo pe ra tio n C lo sein Making Ph oto g ra ph ic R e co rdGuiding A.ttacks on lap Ships

T!l-:\~'a('~ial rcconna i 8c~


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11/36

B l im p W a r n s o f l a n d F i r e N a z i Prisoner Sense R e v e a l s lxpectedLoss b y C a p t u r eMessage Dropped in Dixie Cup Outlines Secret I,nformation, Threatens loter Penomes for ViolationsSQl-ADRON 11, FLEET AmsEfTP A!r-

1,ANTIC,-To till: many job of the,j. .t~)1'l> liglucr-th..-tn-air craft add oneInore : Firefighter. Th chief or thefire department at Hingham, Mass.,reronrl nt a very appreciative letrerfoH nw in g- th e discover)' .of a forest f ireby on l f this squadron's blimps,Whell ti t pilot and r-o-pilor ob-served the fire, the}' placed a lIJ5>ag~in a dixie up. us d an apple fIJIlast, and dropped it on the lawno{ anearbv farm hous > from whihlhm sage was forward d t: tire head-quarters. The fire was in a very ina -cessihJe 10t.'\1 ion, and pn bably wou ldnot have been discov fed 'before th11f'XI moming.N a v y , B u i l d s , A i r D o c k sWooden Structures RoomyEnough lo r J 0 Grid Gomes

I 'REFABIUf;ATED tlOMES SHELT-EiRNIIVY oIIf .IMI'S

K w airship docks being: bttilt bythe N,n'>' t house ant.l.\Ib patrolblimps on both A clan t i and Pacificcoasts will be the Iarges; clear-spanbuildings in the world, l'hcy aremade of wood because of the steelshortage. Hirth as a 17-story build-ing, with dimensions f mor than1,000 Ieet J .ng, and near ly 300 feelwide at ih base, th o y re big enoughto acconrrnodate J O Iontball a Ids.Beams for the structure are pre-fabricated t lumber plants in thePacil 'ic. Northwest and assembled at

the blimp hasl 's ,10

PRlfH P the German High Com-m and, in it s h a lc yon days- of eml-qu ~t, n \7 I anticipated any wholesalesurrender of its warriors, Rut thatsubstantial loss b} capture'. was ex-p ted is bvious from security in-~ lrHCtc inm carefully given j ts tT 'O Op S.German .sold1ers are instructed ini-plichy, when pri n 'r~ tt, reveal noth-ing except their name, rank. and s rialn un ih e e, a s pointed out by ,S . Army's

lilt lIigence Bulletin, Th also arecautioned that any other informationmay (and must) be .refus -d . Elabo-I'ating on these basic points Naz icaptive doctrine includes the fo l1owingord 1'$:I. If you believe ou are i) danger uf

bdn8' captured, de.;t:ro)' all pupers that you1Ia e on your p I''on, Allov.- all, tear outpBg" '~of )'Olir Soldb ..dt (pa)' book), whichrnenricns yOUY unit,

_, II YQU are ruptured, be stricti mlll-t;u'Y and, at 1 . 1 " , same t.ime. polite. Don'tbe:Inllui...)l cd by friendli ness on the: part of1h~enemy, or by um;au.:1 . N ,Ir.;r speak (1,,' enemy's language.4. i\lway~ remember thaC the UJo~t trivialIllings, to which you attach 110.importance,

can often give valuable. information to theenomy,J..No interest in technical questions is tobe Iwwn. not 1:11('11 when ~hr q"cs1ionf'C'tri~to provoke "11 argument. by beliuling Gel'-

mao weapons.G, Do,u'\ lry (.0 d ..ceive by raIse answers ,1. Don't 1( :1 )101JtBclf be fooled by 0.11 as-sumr-d k.nO\"l !~ds( ' , on the questioner's part,of ttll!. subje .. under dilcu sion,a Bon't- discuss military matters or de-l.nils of operations with_y,01Jr f llow pri;'onl!fs.In 'ortll Af:rica the Jerman Anny

regard d the r llewing informat i n asc~pec ia l !y valuable I th e U ni_red N a- -tion and warned its troop' lbat theymill!'! take very precaution t keep itsccret :1. Thl' unit 10which you l)~tollg, MId' its,toct,rion.2. TJ1 t clfectivt's of your uni t , and it;lo~srs.3. Tho other units ,\rt.idl bdong to your

r 'l{if'llt"nI or your division, The O'tIH".r units

which WI'I'e trt84grd 3.l ti l Salrl!' time as}'Ours , and tbeir dkctivcs,4 ' . . W l 1 C O I I, and b rwhat mr-ans, QU arrived

wilt .. theater (If ~pqalionJl, WhBt you sawon YOllfwui', lIoci when lOU h",d -your lit tleave,

Wuut WClJpOJl5 ~h.~Gr rnW.T I rmy has,whether 011 have- seen any n ...,,' ones, Rodif and wh en new or repaired ttl-nils mil)' beexpected IQ arav .

G . The morale: of Gi>rmdJl troeps ; detailsregarding 1;U1Jplir.s and mat6riel,7. Tilt' morale at !lofne; the clTen of

'uit(--d ations bombing.The Oermans caution their troopsnot [0 believe that better treatment willbe given them if th - consent to talk.

It hi stressed th t even after a soldierbas been interrogated, he must be care-ful when talking to other comrades in111C camp, becaus jf lIte possil ilirythat a listening apparatus TrIH>' havebeen installed. Tr ops are warnedthat strangers ill erman unif rmsmay Lry to win t he i r ' confidence, andthat t hes strangers will c.ertainlyb spies, pe-akiflg QV(:![' the radio,making phonograph r rccrdings , an dwriting of w r e rperiences ar strictlyforbidden

Of special significance is t h e . Ger-man Arm' s threat of Iutur punish-ment if th >~e orders are not fullyobey d:Every pri one! remains a ermansold1ff. You must realize that afteryouI' return ou w .ill, if necessary becalled 'Upon to anSWC.l for your be-havior during: your time of captivity.The avy'sbookletPrlsoner ense,prepared for naval aviation training.offers an inte.resting comparison of

rules for apture conduct,


12/36

H A T S R u s h e s C r u is e r G e a rRepair Part Flown 51300 Miles

aval }ur "fran pOT l Service- wonnew peed laurels recently by trans-p(lI'li)1g. 6 ,OUO-pound reduction pin-i 1\ gt':lI' from Philadelphia tn Recife.BT II ~i l, i n 342 bout'S ,flying t ime,The part was needed to repa.ir alight cruiser disabl d at Recife. The5 , , : 292 -mi l e flight took I ss than S daystotlll '!ttpsed tim '. Three 3-ntelncrews w r- l' 'quif d to handle theD u 1 s R4D tran port on th trip.o be~I\')' was tile load that the planeNlUJd carry oniv half of its normolgasolilll: load, he gear MIS lowedon one sid uf the fu 'elage and s atanks on the opposite side r the pi nefilled tu offs' the weight,In keep the g at Irom 5.hifti~Rt '< 'nn ld and throwing th plane ill of'outeol i~wa seourelv lashed and allighL orderly assigned \0 ket'p "i I full-time ateb over i1 . Ti!1t~ ;;iOp' WI.'I'~made [0refuel. A t two (, f rhc rn til'"crews wer tak"!l ;tboard.

T e n d e r N a m e d " W h it i n g "Officer Posfhumously HonoredA seaplane tender now building atthe eattle-Tacoma Shipbuilding Co,

will bear the name U. S. S, Kt!n'TItf'"l,rVhitirlg in bonor of the late Capt.Kenneth WlUting, USN (retir d"who oard ~hlp

mllil OC.CI;IPYhIs botile ,1(lI lon at-e It a n emergency drills[J b abandon shipdrillo c the general alarmo d eollisieu dl'illo e g im r : ia I qu"U ' l~ rs5 -, The gone.al alarm ~ollnded by gongl

'_nd 'ollowed by one 10"9 blas1 01 tke~ir"n indicg,_o Q plane ceasb l 1n d 5 a1 v,I 15 eo b abandeu : i i 1 r i po C collisiono d cleae ship for actiono i! a fire dl.lrln II: gel1e.j:n'l quarters

6 . A rst requiTemenl fQ. ,""C: t j ) sdcJ! 11.11115-n a knowledge of dutyDb speedd c silence[J t1 developing precisiono e an mtelligl'1'lt ett''''

11


13/36

True :.l1laIO$t'ht::ll_> planes that \'. il ldimb al a rate oJ 4 miles pe.[ minutecut of sight u r ocean .an~I [and arevisualised as de:tirutc pm:t-war possi-bilities by \ ' l ,IahlCllla'r Kaernpfferi,S c ienc e Edito r of T h e N ew YorkTimes. in a booklet issued by the Pub-Ii.: Alfaii-s Commlttee. Inc,"We certainly have t"yt::ry reason to

c.""pect that planes f,rr 150 passcngti'swill ; lJ 1 pl ,n v ~OO Ii a ft er the: war," 1\1r.KnL'rnpJf,ul s~~ts. A lth ougb Ill! be-l i c . v < . . - . . s Ihe!'f' i o a IUlri~[0 the s i z e o r a nairplane, he ~ny~h at it would be I:ashto clisjnl~s 2.~)J- t c !i50-ton lev ithansas i1tpossiblc."A dozen f'I r th else ('0\11c l carry asmany passengers. on the North :At~Iantic run to Gl'I:mt Britain as werecarried first-class by nll steamers in aTI

plrletsand other Trailling' Liter.L T~A1N!N"G COM_~IANn units willbe shipped quantities of pamphlets and puh!lcaliQ' :1s as'allocated by NATTG.

NAS, !I,leAS ,\Nfl _C~ I/'i l\m Pf..NTEIl MEAS will be1H(\ill'd ,ingl{" i rl fol" ll l ll : !ion t l ip ies and maysecure liltl): addi.tional (.'.op.iC'i. T C ' C J u i l ' e d through .'!ir Genter handling dis-trlblltibn ill the area.NAS, MCAS ANt i CGA S NOT IN Ant , CetnER O. R Am

bll"ci~l\i ...r10N ATUiA wiJl he shipped paruplilets and puhli-canons dlreet, lind in quantifies as requested.

NAVAL AnUH-fI1' TR.AINING - OMlloMND \\~IIbe sent infOif-umti~m copies and qual1thy di~rlhtll.)on will !)(' made tolJ'aini~ activ Hie s : 'Is alloca tep- by N AI e.LTA QpT;..RA1'lNG Nl'rs. AND Nt\$ '\lI'iUbe sent informa-

lion copies and shipped quantities on allocation by Admin.istrative Comll rauds or 01) request,P'R~JF.OUt-~NER"" UNJ1'S, M.rSCHW--J'.N'EOUl'> TRA,.lN1NG ANI!oPIj;RAriNG 1)NITS, IN AS. E:rc. wil] be sent inIormatioJl

copies of peetieent literature, and quantifies I'm request, oraUI~catiotl hy (j,~ni:m_nl Bureau auillOl:it),.C ENTR AL D ISTIU BU nON POINTS ,F 'OR S QU AD R ONSOfficer in Charge of Naval Air CombatInformation Attarl~{1d LO the "FonOW:l l lg Cl)Ulluands

l\tJt F'oacll J\TI..ANnC FLJl.BTFQ1.rll,'!'H FloE!!'!'MQII-Of_rCA~ SEA FlIl'\tEJ1F t . , , , " m Wmo 16.NhS COGO SOLOFl.EE'" AIR WEST GOAll'l'

(nl.'iO ~"'J-rr.l Ip l' " M" RF~7"-WEST Co,,-"'!')

FUEll" J u T t Al.~" . I _ _YI "NOR:TH PA!I:.1FlQ FORCESQIJTHWB!7 /1 two ~(JPi


14/36

1 ("~ '( ' TA tJ~Sis CO'JdllCfing mt extensiue c(I:mp(lign

ul! jlr"tlflJ!.lilt'rl.l 11Idia til {JrQSillJIIt! forh /almtlfse jdM/ol l} ' mllli'tig IJtt,.pillr)1i, C{llUlllfl is g('ianen [rombHnl(II:II5!~ pir.ksll , . / ! by 'IIq'lilou

lJf lr i/nu /Iarls: of tAl!. fllorCd "lid madeIWW 10 KAv." . . " "'I . .. .. { O :> < NII\\'~.

, -1'0 nnd Latin !ned ['I:"Today Japan and the ccuntries ofCQpr0~'P,rlt~s-r,]u'ra are M longer ineed of gasoline, 'I'm though thcir 'lrilolpingnes be nlll':l;sod tw the enemy, For il :Sfuel lbnt gasoline j]. no w being lll.,urd inarrels mad of teakwood and throw)") intosea. 1 hcse will be ll11l'ri"d bv the BlackI [Japan ~{' Current lid.] to beshed ashore all the japllne~1t i~hlld"N(I rna l tc -I iI th ese barrel s al't!On ships \hilt 'have be '11 torpedoednd stuik, tbe barrels would keep afloat,hus, !o long as ihe Slack Ctlr;TlltH main.

i t .\" 1 . 1 5 1 . 1 1 1 1 C l l l lr .~ ! : " '~ it h I \ ! > d l lw e I o rousands of years, J1lpall will ntller mfl'l!l'i tQr tag 'c : of gaseline.'

~ -To Southern Europe 'WIlM ih !II1WS "spread' III /(ip"ti.lla; American ullw"rJil), students 1.Il11'f(!

flyin.g C01.1rS~!i, J{j1J471~SO- Jfudml;'&"demanded" tile JfllIIe pdt/i-"1tis a vcry: sure [act whir;Jit ",bl;olu te l y'1Obnd can ikn), lhat the fat.e of these lastartles h decided by lhe ;,tir Iorees whichccupy a pliWe Q r fundamental importancel an}' wnr netlo n." With.4 mtri'lidil Sh~nts (lgMing I'll OM JM(lJ. "tens of ihou-"f t,eql~MI,. writt


15/36


16/36

M arine A ir Arm, Tho.lIIgh Relatively Small, Is a Versatile Organizatio n Spec ializing in Land ing s,S upport of S urface F orces, and Inland W arfare; C orps' Th ird Aira8,f t W ing Howls Being OutfittedMMINE aviation units were or-ganized to support the F!eetMarine Force" 3mobile, eagoing forceof fighting Marines trained as special-ists in landings. Continuous practicebas been necessary to effect the per-feet coordination as demonstrated by!he MaJirleS 01'1 the surface and in theair. Inland warfare calls for an en-Lirely different type of . training inas-much as air objectives wll'cr gtt>atl '{rom those in landing operations.Although the Marine air ann ls a

relatively small orgaDlzation whencompared with A : r u 1 y and 'avy -airforce, expansion under the presentprogram will bring Itto a lull one-third of the total Marine Carps. Inturn, the Marine Corps by law mustbe cne-fiftl, th strength of the N < vy.Reserve oflice.!"Smake up the gr at-cst portion of MarineCoeps pilots.U rtder the Navy's clI.llancled planePl'ogranJ, the Marine~ 113 . ve two ir-cralt wings. A third air raft wing ibeing Iormed, and a fourth }..,[armc8 . ' < se D Iense Wing has gone into oper-ation. Each wing is divided into fiveir groujJs r several squadrons each.The corps' tactical fighter squadronsare composed of 113planes 18 pilots,2 spare planes. and 18 extra 1ilo&.Officers to al 47. men H2.quadrons are divided Irno depart-ments head d by quadran com-

mander/ executive officer flight ~!Iicerjgu.nncry oflic~r. adjutant and g,rounddefense officer. coremunications offi.cer, intellig n ee o ff ic er, ami mess lidrransportation olllee... The adjutanti the Marine C untcrpart of the pell~onnel offioer illNavy squadrons.Typical Marine squadron are

fighter and scout b mber, The lattertype is organized .after uJ e plan of thefighter squadron with the ame num-ber of plan and officers althoughmore enlisted men arc rcq1iire_d sin each craCt uses a tear seat radio gun-ner. In the case of scout bombingsquadrons, it ha been found neces aryto have as many extra gunners as extrapilots,Twelve planes make up a horizontalbombing squadron, t gether with twopilolls. radioman, bombardier, and twogunners-ODe for the .30 caliba' tailstinger and one for the .5() caljb a~ tur-

ret-ill each plane. sually th'r "art!54 aviators and approximately 358enlisted IDI,!D.Utilit squadrons ar road up of12 'planes and 6 S pilots. Ea h crewconsist of a pilot, c pi! l,crew chi I,radioman, and navigatorj ell planebeing capable of carrying 28 Olen In-eluding cr w. Enlisteci personnel at-tach I) VMJ squadron totals 335.The newer VMT.B quadrons areomposed of 18 planes and 40 pilots.OS(!rVariOD squadrons have 1-8fighterplanes) -p11otogtaphic squadrons 12

(6 photographic tighten and 6 multi-ngined planes), and nigh~fighters 12.The corps use- I w seaplanes andnot a great number of large bombersn.d patrol plane. Som J rge trans-POl1;s however, ar used by utilitysqu drons, Craft D sw ge n rally usedin combat areas are the F~F. F4U,SBD. TB I", P BY ,;A , PB4Y, and R40,New reserve pilot for the Marine.ir arm ar select d from the crop ofnaval aviation cadets und rgoing in-termediate training ."t Pensacola andC I'jJUS Chri (I . 1t is t this point ina naval aviation cadet's training thath ,miilY ar> ply lor J omrnission in tbttMarine Corps.p n being commissioned as condIi utenant in the Marines, the trainee'spl'O!J'ramcontinues at a Naval ir Op-crarienal bas wlth npbasls 011 Ior-mation fl iug, gunnery and combat

1 9 1 8 I t1 9 2 0 *1 9 2 5 *

GROWTH OFU.S. MARINEAVIATIONPERSONNEL

1 9 3 01 9 3 5 1 9 4 0 I t1 ~ 3 * * * * t * l l * t * I * * iJUNE * * * I I I * * * * * * i i it i l t i t i t l i t t i t itii i it i it i l i**,t

maneuvers. The n w flicers are thenassigned to a permanent duty station.A limited number of regular officersare seleeted each year for duty asMarine aviators. They have usuallyhad from 2 to 4 years of service withthe ground for es of the corps andaverage 25 years in age. Experiencehas shown tbatlu10wledge gainedthreugl; association with the groundforces is tremendously valuable.Enlisted men select d from the

corps' ranks eath y ar for flight train-ing enter the program wi th naval avia-tion adets T n the pl ' i : :mary trainingphase, progressing througb intermedi-ate to peranonal,The corps does not conduct lUgnt

training schools of its own. except theO1ulLie.qginc SGhool at Cherry pointN. C" which offers adv-anced work .Marine fuel'S, upon completion (If

thci I'training may express pl' ,r6n.'11CeSfor type-or duty desired, although thereis no zuarantce th.'lt they will he se-Iected for the assientacnt requested.Some are assigned to Marjnc Corp>Air tatiens where the)1may both flyand handle adrnini trativ matters isome become iru,ll'l.u:lors a~ Naval Airrations] many others go to one of theMaeine aircraft wings to be employedin. combat operations.Marine aviation js charged with the

opeJlation and maintenance of it splanes, engines, and equipment. TwoI'LEge "er,!taul base', one on each U . S .co r, are supplied with complete shopequipment and trained personnelThe IUO t important Marin Corps

Air Stations ate located at CherryPoint, N, 0.; Parris Island, S. C.'Quan.tico, Va.; St. Thomas, VirginIslands ; Kearney M esa, S an D iego,Cali!.; Santa Barbara, Calli.; M jav ICalif.; ~1 Tore, CaJ1f - ; EI Centro,Calif.; and Edenton~ N. C.Funds fOI the corps are d(,uivcd rom

appropriations [Qrth avy, and theair raft are pllr(:hase~ b t : lk BureauI A~na\1tics. Planning units withinthe Navy Deparrm nt are advised asto the corps' needs by the Di ision ofAviation, the headquarters admin is -trative body 01 th e Marine air ann

15


17/36


18/36


19/36

PURINE C O R P S , . C O N T I N U E D l

T H E M A R I N E S W E R E I N A V I A T I O N E A R L YMRINE Corps aviation startedin the day of the Wr ig h t broth-ers, olP:;tly the dream of one man-Al-ben ,C:Ui1liil1gham-wbo took aballoon ride as a boy in 1903 andthcreaHet made flying his life's goal.By 190 he was ir the Mari~e Gorpsand WllS haunthlg Hying fields, Soonhe acquired a part interest ill an air.plane w h l L ' ! h never got i'llI' L I t o : gruund,Cunnin rharn beg. IIa \_,lJ: tl jpaign Ior a .Ma-rin flying corp. andby 1912 he was ~t'flttothe a\-'y' aviati Incam pal nnapo Is,[0 addition to beingtJ w Marines' fij-M :1Vi-ator, he \ . navalpi! t No . .; ), CUNNINGHAI'II

\ 'h e n r b e 'U1il'd [ u t Q : > \l\.tC'I''''~c1 t h l . . 'fint World War rb('l'~ were only fiv .Marine pilot -Beznard L. 'uulh,' ' ' ' ' i l l - i 1 im M. Me n V a , 1 : H . Fran is T..E lin , R . Ul(' cr an d ;L~ntling-h m,In First Catapult Plane From ShipCunninghatn added another fun tohis record in 19 t6 when h piloted thefirst plane catapulted from a warshiptinder way. Th artempt, in a flyiugboat, was a Jailure wing to r~ult.wotking of the catapult; but the ideatu k.Marine AVl t 1" Bv-.ms was h e fitlitroan 10 Jonp a seap lane in H 117 , and

Ail ..YTRIAl.S ESTA(lUstlED CAT!lPUI. T M1'HOOS.

brought his plane Out of a spin whichhe had caused intenti nally by whip-stalling his craft. Up to th it had18

been th.ought Impessfble to loop a sea-p lane or cure a sp ic ,The first Marine-air ctivity of anysiae began in 1917 when the corps'aviators began training in land planeflying a.~ the 'Mineola Army air .:Halion.Cun.nil~Innn. the year before, had be-C ' f1m.C ihe first Marine or Navy man tof l y a land plane when he went to SanDiego nil}" nylng school.Marines Given Five Airplanes 10 F lyWhen th first Marine aeronautic

~t-liM went into flight training atPhiladelphia Navy Yard in 1917, it wasassigrwd two 'urt:iss pushers with tri-cvcle landing , g e a l , . two R-6 Curtiss~f!;Jpbn s,r ind an old Farman [or train-ing. During the war, the Marinestried nul several t . y p S of aireraft-Thoma sea pJ aries, Curtills lying boats,Galladet sraplaues an d others,fitfst ground cnurses well.':taught atMassachusetts Io.~litu,le of Technologyand by Mat' h 1918 lbc cnrp~ receivedits own night in truetier. at Miami.h Ol'pS h ad 5 officers and 30 m nin its air arm when the war .start dnd by 19 18 it had 2 8 2 offi rs l1!1d2,180 men.Even then the Marines went to seafor thcir ncuve aenial work] the firstunit going to Az.oFesfor antisubmarlnep~trol1ing and the .rest of the aviationsection operating off Miarui and CapeMa . N. J . Suchactivities WCJ:e not'xeiling c.mough for the Marirtes sothey were given the job of lIyipg withBritish aud French planes.Marine Pilots Operate jn War Zones

fJJ ~heir patrol work the MarinesW '1'1. : lJ},ingCurtiss R--6 and Navy -8!;e~l lanes and over th wesiem frontIh cv used. ai, t1 Del.lavila nd DH-4's.Like all other war operations, Marineaviation teok a drop after the:war, butdid not die out entirely.Dive-bombing was an unheard-of

technique until the Marines perfectedi t . duriug their operations ag.ainst Nica-I'agllal' bandits in 1927. Their fliers.had been playing with the idea since asearly ru 1919 in Haiti, and some 'fliersbelieve those experimental dive inHaiti wer th e l Jq ,mmmg of modern,Iive- born b ing.

Marines Patrol China Batlle AreasMarine aviators from Guam were

sent to Ohina in 1927 to help brinefor ell on l L l : t e ground, doing mostlyl icc6nnais5a.n


20/36

A L L M A R IN E C O R P S A V IA T O R S H A V E H A D F L I G H T T R A I N IN G A T N A V A L A I R S T A T I O N S ; S O M E P I L O T P B Y S A 'S O N R E S C U E P A T R O L


21/36

A IR S IC K E S S. ,/

A CT IO N 0 1 A S EJv!IC I~ tU L AI! (A NA l-\;;/

PR INC IPALCAUSES OFAIRSICKN':SS

HOW TOPRf; ..VIENT O RMIM IM tZEAIRSICKNE.SS

DIAGRAM OF EAR

1 The inner car) 1'r.ac~i.llgtO \'1'1)' long move- merrts, or to long and violent moticn, cau esairsickne s. folcll.l: JTI cion tJu~m"l'1v do notaffect the inn'r ax becau, i!. ch motion has atornpcl,l ating unwinding" movent mt,2 Eyes arc ometlaies factor;. natural twitching is set up 'when t : h inner ears atedisturbed, Eyes should be kepi Foensedon a di,,~

UlII\. ()bj' t, and during acrobatics houtd be kt'ptut of cockpit exc pt f I'occasional glances.3 . Ph si al condition is important; a man c an count on eing irsick after a hangover.Fatigu :. onstipatfen and overes tiug fm; othercauses, Ge.rtaira foods, such as greasy r bulkyroods OMen before flight, are not god.4 External factors affect ability to withstand airsickness High aL titu dp mA y c ause nausea.In uffiaicm ventilation is had because it does .notT du body heat. Bad dors, onstanr noise, andextrcnre of temp raturc arc other hc;t rs,5 u .g estioru Fear 01' exp ctation of becoming airsick may be the cause, I J. asicr fo.r thecadet who has nee been airsick to b m airsickagZ lin, 1 13 r ly f r o m an < ; I S S O d a u ( J J f l of ideas, Hk cC 'p st hin kin g ab nu t if t't tin g si It until h e ac tual I)' is,6 improper trainingil> an important fac t, The instructor ~Yho introduces an aviationcadet to repeated ac r ib at it ~ t(JO c : :'U ' l ymay h e COl1-u;bucing to a ondition Q f chronic airsickness.Rough Hying should come in small ~o:;l;!.I. 'orgct airsickness: think about YOUl'l'uis."iol',2. Flt>:xhead on I eft st when fIying in rough air,3. Jntroduce stud nt t(l a rr hat it'. g-radually.4. Don't tum yolu head in ~Wt'Pbanks,5. Keep c 'c' on horizon when possible,6. Sit ncar ptaIJC'S center of gra i L '.7. Sta heal Lhy : mouth sh lit, Dowel pen.

20

ANYON E ",.110 flies can UCOOl1ll';!rt ail'sick-whclhr.r he i ll a novit:1being ini tiatcd ill Ii, '~YeJJ IV PeriP'or an old-timcc with several thousandhours [flight lime under his bell.But in ordinary cas " airsickness ~be cured 'r :Pt'{!\. nted hr an under-srnnding' of what causesthe condition.The causes. of il .i~;a:lu!C$l' are bothph 'leal find psychological. Only a

sm. 11 numb r of pilQts-to-b~ can'tdo, 3.l')'rhing about it. but alter a flyc!'beeorn '5 accustomed to sudden move-menta uf blLfhpy air alldprlilongedspinning, or rotation, h houldn't haveto worty about b oming si k.A ontrihuring cause of airsi knesslie !n lJl', "inner-ear,' .....J 1 _ i - c h containthr c senrieircul ar canals, the mains znsery rJl'gtln!>used b y a person toori ent hum If in space, Wh n a pilotil l-SItti.lIg in ilnormal r1 0si cio n in thecockpit, the canal lie in three differ-ent planes. eoinciding with the prin-cipal a,x, of an ; :r ;ll 'planc so that anymovement qJfe is al least One canal:tach canal contains fluid and - til} hair"communicators" at the base, 'hendie plane is lUaking unusual er prO-longed movemen Is. cspec;iall)' lip anddown, a series of CQnftk t ing impulses.are rola ed 10 th brain. because thefluid lags Ii continuos to 1ll0V in onedirection C\lC11 after rile plane has be-guo 10move in another' direction. Thehair cmmunieators, in other words,can't keep up with the plane's move-ments, or send false inforol1ttion totile bmin. They send the same ill-f0nna , t lQl l t jhe stomach, causingnausea, The .inJle~ car ean be edu-'at d om f air Iokness by training,Training again t ail'sickn,cs.'> taketime aud in tructors sh uld tr;y to keepa cadet Irom b coming sick whjle get-ting sed 10 unusual rnoverncnjsDuring e:l;I!Ytraining a student pilotrna dev I p an a ersir n to flying, an dhe may even develop chroni airsi ik -1 s, because he has been SUbjected toosoon and too often to rough l1yir lg oracrobatics. It i no compliment to aninstru t r that hi, tudeni becomesairsick, and it hin eveu be n sugg tedthat the jru;~I"Uct(>t be made to 1 an Ucl1the plans when a student becomes sick,If the cau es o r airsickness are phys-ial, in many cas the student piiotcan "learn" to 0\1 J', orne them, Ifthe' are psychological, thor ughwldm tanding of these causes will help

to alleviate them. External condi-tions tending to ea u airsicknessshould h r moved.


22/36

NA 5 , JACKSO""'YrtlI.h_The vA l A iru1mcrs chocl at y"Uo~' Wa.tCl' hru. ode-braled It! lll'j;[ 111111'lil'c,sary. From what

was one- n wild, swaTl1py liru,/'l-Qul forrattlnal.es, ..lJt~'Utor~, Ilnd: Florida me-quhol!s., A has become an oUl.;tp.mlingexample Q f mop ern ~llJ.n411rl~o r l iving' andh O U l i 1 u g UIO/'~ tllDg 2 , , 1 1 0 0 offieors D!La men,con1.rort~i)I}. Jlealthfuily. "Miles (if pavedrond, oJtlrtricMd phone Jiul$, an up-te-daretil" tnt ! j: U lc - ' and ani ph) 'reerea tional {~ill-t i~S"t1.11point towarjl Ih h lua work of Ul(rtraiuing offiurl'. Ship's Company shouldat 0 r c.:jv a big ltand in the develepiueutof YllUo,"" Water_

AS , M["NNE.o\.POI-lB,o-- W, I\ V E . S >It thig~t!\rion have a ! : i t ! . , . b~t wcd On. them by. : tdllllc iJlg hlue;ackets--Th~ F ara dis e F Lu E.A new nickname for lite W. R . office", nO IfOUlU;! in UII : : books , i,~ lh leb1 ' ( l id&,Here are a lew of the tClTIlS, ol d and It!!W,which h \' ;1 new l.!'i$l r n Wi\'\l'E talk:The l1ll1ucl.y loveI'll wbn tr)' their luck on

a blfrtd dnte a:w ~",id (0 g Bli.rul Hyi "'g.CU"UQ)" IH'C dates, While lilt en ig:h') datei~lI1 Gffiur" $ M eo.J ,

W A VE are Illl1 rning: to ask {orSchao1le, 01 1 R b I. when th"Y' want rQ~lilbed :IRd P111Joe _ nl'l~akfll'!t olfer~sl, jn_g/tI.l, at (QI\.liL, with their }#Iln: It 's notsalt I,Q fu parts~ rh.,I'""I,nc abrasive a lion, thctcllf sav-ing J.oMy man-Iroues, Pares cleaned bythjs-method inG] ude c~linders, 1)($ton,. 1'tllllflef :'hnd arrionlatcd rods, exhaust cJbow~.and valves after degFcas ing aod hot unkdt'3ning with ~p~6ficalien C 8Gb cnm-pound. Carbon removal 1 S effected with aminimum of hand l~I"lI:p;ngor polishing,No m dilka:tiun tlf t!ie sand bla,t Jjm(~hilll'!'

IS I'eqlrifl"d as best results werr. obtalned withan SO-pound air 'Supply thrqugh a ~_t;lJJldar-d.:yainch.lloN>.k. 1 sour clover seed is usedit is. requited th


23/36


24/36

N a v y S p e e d s S tu d en t ' s G r a s p o f C o m m u n ic a t io n s b y F i l m - R e c o r d M e th o d W h ic h C o. .o r d in a t e s S ig h t a n d S o u n d i S y s t e m i s U s e d W i d e l y i n A v ia t i o n T r a in in g $ , h o o l sCOMMUmGATI NS--v i t( and 80 on until those hav-ing the longest ounds are introdu d.Here is th que-nee:

I'T M~'lDCKUR$UWBO"HJLPQVXYZ, 1 \ 8 S9011 a the first three letters areintroduced, cemplet word are made,

Inrmediatclv removing the rnonotonexp crir- nc cd w hen letters arc presentedin alph abe tic sequence, s!vi rsecode j< ; the basis for: blinker ceuimuni-cation. pi'll lice by sound nontinuesfor two weeks only hdo1'\!' the fla'>hingl igh t i~ntrl 'odm c t. Aftr -r this th e twoare iv e u 1temat el .emapllOrel'ig~alling is taught~omt'what UI the same fashion but thealphabet ISpresented in u different 1'1)-quen , Letter ha ing adjacent armI osit iOIlS are pres en ted firs t! U L en let-ters made b oppo ire! artll positions,

if ) > de, s mapho, letlcr p itionsare net in absolut ...rotation, and oftenOM letter has no direct l J f ' } J _ r i ~ on the; ,tdja 'ot letter in the ~ lp ht ih - ric se-

STUOEI\I ,S l 'RACTIC_ WITH poeM-ET ..LINKER

23


25/36

IGMT SOUND CDORDINATtI I"",-NEW METHOD

qnCJl e. ernaphor letters are inu'O-dueed in th [IUO\Vill r sequen e:

'\.8 nE.FGIHRl.,MNPQR~1 T.l~()WVX~ in c l ,when .veral sernapher .le u B have l :mt~n J arncd, word aremade from the lCI1:CI'S without waitingfor the entire alphabet to" intre-dn cd, Practice lmlinUI$ until thealphah t l, c V ercd. odl" s mnd ac-companies much u[ Llw sernaphorpra(tice at t he m" .g ino_iJ lg of tbt' course.Slide Film S,peeds up Ins/rucf(onSlide J iI 0 1 f ac il it at es iIHblU:UO[) in

semaphore, For -ach filrn there Is arn -h ronized r COl d ':arryT rlg a ong

siPJtd which t[!I!' lbd operator \ hellthe picture hould be changed. TI1i'lprovides fot' projection of uhe properfI~ position to malclt the code soundon the record. Th voice 011 threeord explains cacti new lag I 'Uilioll,Later in the course, all practice rnan- -rial is id ntilied h' v it to allowstudent or' operator to det rmine prog-ress made, 'hrn examinations bvroc rds and film arr.g: lvCl1, final identi-fication bY ' voi e is t u - tk d in advance~1 1 that -the needle of WI.:reproducercan he lifted from the record tu-dent til i1 J al' graded according tm a tc ria l c p ied.

Tinl ing I f " ' f f i l lphrnce sending irtword -pce-minutc il; a e omp 1_ j"h 'd bproper spac ing or gOlllg si nals,.._peeds Vat)' frorn Jour 10 ten wordsper minute all th e course progresses ,(lund Lode spe ds 1\ 'h a maximumof l\~J v e ward -per-rninute, 1nbllnk~'r, tbe maximum is t m words.'be tir~l recorded l:purliC j" code.blink 'r an d '!, IlIaphm'f' con is of 35()24

FILM!> "'NO REflOR!)!> All) TRAINING NOG - RAM

lessen units. each eight minutes inlen th, The urnlable speed is 33!'.p.m. This course usesa total of 98slid I-irIJM, eacb numbered matchthe pru


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W H A T D O Y O U K N O W A BO U T . . P A R A C H U T E S ?When a parachute saves a man's life, it is customary toput a gold star on the pack. The star is nof to praise theparachute but the parochurte rigger. It means fie hesdone his iob well. Riggers know their chutes. By thewa.y, whot do you know about tflem? Answers on p. 32.

Write vouranswers here

2 ~_.~_. _3 _

4 _;5 _~ _

6

2 .6


28/36

A d j u s t G e n e r a to r ( u t - o u t s-BuAer Letter Tells Procedure.From time to lime: variou ..~ r 'ports

have c ome to DuA t> r loom several a -tlvlties d s rihillg difllculries and Jail-ures 'O f reverse current ~"ClaYIiparlicu-lady lh 1 \" -Ill I I 'pC. It shouldbe noted that a vNV active d 'vclop~ment program IS under Wtly with theohjectivf' of finding better types of re-lays. Meanwhile; t '1111 h llf thp . t r C l 1 . 1 h l ewlLh tile present relays can 'be avoidedi J c:Elreful adjustment, lJu._\ellett r ..r--Ma 1242 KI. Fi&-2 (6\. Sl,t ' i . I''0, 17 j sM . onted 3 Df'ct'IllI)~l' 19.j 2 .

d isc usse s m eth od of adju'St i .og these\1 l- 0 11 t s, Adiyilil!'< e:xperiCJ,rcin'

tl '01,!ble are urged by BuAC -r to ch ecktlii Jettel 10be ~'Ul'(' they < t 1 " C not over-I O f 'l k i n g ome nC(l'SJiDI p r ,;ecillrl' U Intainteuanec o r this equipUl nt.D e v i c e A i d s L in k T ra in e rDetermines Posi.tion, Head,;ng

new link trainer device has beendeveloped which helps the .instrueurrIn visualize quic kly th e. 1 osition andheading < D r student in relation to aradio range. P,c rrBc t t; c1 a t 1.AS 1Toro, it consists of 1 1 small model air-pl 1 m -un ted u th e shaCt of tilradio mpa.ss control of the auto-marie 1 ' 1 ; ' ord r,'rhi 1'a l non-essential equipm ent item srrom their commercial days, the prin-r ip , ), ! o f fe nder !J 'L ng a gYIrJcpilot valve.Iclll,tting rod, handle ::Inri hanger of~tCl'l. Removal of these parts ellmi-na tud th e rrou b le,G u n n e r y T i p o n O S 2 U ' 5Simple Remedy lor G"ievance'Those \\'J10 haw' complained aboutthe sruall d 'pression angle 0f the rear-"'~1-l' guti in 052 sand N's canr' '}Iledv the difficult with ease, NavalAviation Nzw is informed,In the Elet~io17 11ft l jVfl1,ifillllumu

, ,"[arrual, drawing CV-54"~04 for th,tJla.Ilf', ent]Ued,"Scalll,stnllatil)n. RearCackpit, F 'lc : \iblu Gun .. , I! bears anote on" ppermo1\t posirion of s at('11'." If the op collar shown on thevertical column support [or th eat(s topp j nI:: seat from g-Qing higher) isdiscarded, i f - \ \ ill b e- f ou nd p oss- lh le :> to1511nl and ",;ght c lown to about 20~froth thr - vertical.

27


29/36

ENLISTm PER50N!oIEL LEARI'IS ALI. INS AND OUTS~OF ENGINES AT UNIVEII:S,TY ~F IIIR TECHNICAL TRAINING, EtOftTY-5VDnH STREET, Cj,UCAGO

T H S IS A S P C A L IS T S 'I A: FAR AS t~chl1id_ans are concerned, this is a _p('cialislS'nar." 'Inl remark bv a recent graduate 01 tile EDfamiliarization course at the Dougk\;. ,\i"o'ah Plant 111 EIScgundo surua up the I urpo . or the 'r ecializcd trainingpro-gram SPOilliOI 'd b the Nava:l Air Technical Training ., rn-ruaRd. At schools ill some 80 factories and the NATecllTr -Cen. at Eig:h- t}, -S( ' ; l \ lonth ' t rce t , .hicago, enlisted Tl11!n get ad -vanced CO\HS in Iine maintenance of various type airplanes,in.ll'W11l'IUS, origin 5 -, carburcto , startrrs, hearers, super-chargers. propeller. turret, and aircraft ordnance . [uipmenr .Two schools provide detailed study of ph(JtogrApllic equipment.Al LaG1lardi~ Fi t ) ld in N ew Y ork . Pan-A.Dt 'r ic -arl Airways } JTP -simts aQ intensive course in bl; buat operation Ior flight rne-hanks. Factorv trilil1ing SChl~UI. mushroomed Qllt'ing lbl'fin, ear ana _Q ha l] of LIJ(~war, R e cen tly , h ow ev er, many (Ifthem ha c literally beet) packed up and moved. to N Tech'I'ra-Cen .H .Ei_j~hty-scvcut!hStreet, Chk'ago. Today tli Eil!ht).even th rree t t ra i.n ih g C ( ."! It C 'li~considered L h e "university" 01air technical training. The pamphlet Prosp 'crus (lin pedal-i~cd Training Program, available from ti t Chif flf _ ,wal iI'T .chnical Trainins. Chicago, IU. g iw


30/36

S u p p o r t f o r P l o t t i n g B o a r dPosition for Pilot Held Ideal

provides a sreadv table, is imcl'ch[lngc;-able SA:) that it I; .. n be stowed and notinter '["~ with take-offs or landings,docs not bseure instrument pan 'I(where til!' full-air ,,Into the instrument panel.The ploLlL1g board ~-mounted ou aplywood bucking and :-;ecuted. Boardcan be attached to the Ruing, and isin au ideal position dir tl it ) Irene ofpilot, To steady till" board, siuall but-~ n-en strap, are hoi ted to each ideon ih ockpil.A moll canvas stowage envelope 1 :;

bolted low and to the r iE' :h t of thepilot's scat and h Ids the pJOHil lgbuard when i t is nor in use, Each stu-dcru i. ordered 1O close the hood nJ meI1till'ily while plaeiug lh card inposiri(ln or tOwing it, thu preventingp o~ sib il il y o r slip stream "surveying"a valuable planing board.The fact that squadron tudenrs are

now goin g: o ut with a ,I ; ) l~ttlk plBttingboard. figuring their wind '0 routeatld mE'lki~g aCi'CLLrnte returns (romcomplicated li ~ rs p aks well forthis Iustallatlon,II

IIIIIIIIIIII

W h it e P ro p T ip s fO f S a f e t yPvl on Night-Fiying TrainersN , Np,w t.EANs.-The imple

.expedienr of p_ailltir:lg lhe l;'l'oft lip' oftraining ain':r".llt whlte has pro-veditscl a majer safcty factor. AU train-jug pi!m('~ used for night Hying at thisstation now ha v 9 inches I tb pm-puller tips painted winl ~ while lac-quer. "h is,ex :perim nt was authorizedby G TAPdrnTr~.Tests pro e t ha t the white lacquer

makC ! ti l prop's at' just as v' ib lc indayllght a ' the standard ti p painting-arrangement, which i s unde imbl atnight.[TIEVEl!OflED BY H,


31/36

B O A R D T E A C H E S N A M E S O F T O O L SA New D ev ice T hat S im plifies M astery ofNam es o f P arts and G adgets is P laced atThe D isposal of Navy Pier's Technitians

NAVY Pl](R, HICL\({P,- The gunnery d'r'),)lUtlllltllt atthis techniral lrainmg center has eonsuucted n device Inthe (Ol"lll of a board for instruction of trainees att 'odingCJ(SS A schools, omenelaeure, always the nightmareof studurus, ;~made j"lalive1y itnpltj and the studentsuddenl di covers hf" 11 t onl: knows the name of a part,but what ir looks. like also.T'h device lias a . place for each pa.d er ~muIJ plain!

labeled ~('J lhat in thl' ] J'W'(,;I:, (If ,"sf'mhl" and disas-lIortlbly the student alwaysa '~()datesthe CUll Unamewith each IJaN or group I'f'-moved fit)!)=! 1 1 1 1 ' g l . l n instripping, The board il -lustrarcd was designed 101"th . s o callher :M2 Brewn-ing machine gill). Similarboards can 1 e adapted to H ICMUST 1(".0 W Ii15 Y ' EAPP Nn '~cls of other weapon by,l r i'lrrangelU'cnt o r compartrr ents 1I1lcl me of new Iahols.Another advantag of the unrpartrncnt board is tJI t~t

it , ccustoms the trainee to be 1 > ) ' teruath; it ) arrangement ofparts il l groups a cording to disas ernbly thereby speed-leg lip lime rl:ql.ti:red to put the gun log {her a CHECKED THROUGH USE OF CLASSIFIC,ATJON 1I0llRD

30WITH lJNI'I'S. ASS~lltLE.D. STU!lENTS L.EARN TO. SEE Ttl!'. WEAPON AS /I.N II~GRGATE WITH SPMtATE P",IUS IN PRr::CIH AND AHIITIVE" pOSITIONS'


32/36

;)- .:l-~-;P0~5=~': )~ ~,r~

,5 0 m e d u y Wi/mn s Ganna Drop

One o r Thole~

C u t P B Y Navigation T a b l e ?Change Thought Undes i rab leI ATROL SQP-AORUN .~2, PI\Ol'FfC.-

'rom this squadron cerne the SH! !gcs -ti II th:).l fh navigation table in th epnv b ut to half its preseru iz',The d.rift ~ ht ould thea be mov (11.Tp 10 th . rdgc of th navigation tahlc.le ving plenty ol space for navigationand rellevintr the usual crowded con-rJi,tiQlI !) f the compartment. An excel-lent slol'.'ag space for seldom-usedplane quipment could be built intothis pari of the plane, orr make itavail-abk: ns enwelJ as the drift ,.ight,Thu only ~vident odvantase II in.. eo~ed

pOO5""g., and baggage "pace, but ~"en ,IiIsadvanrage j~ I., daub' when 11 r" ,o'lsiderl'dthe.., 'he spgce "'nder 'no e)(",1"9 jable i.already a~alloble for additional $1011'911.

SEST ANSWERSTllliker~of rh.. ca.rburetol's, and oy rich .tnix-(uh' ..... mean f t t U manual riGl1~fQrw~l.rdposirion on mi,,"1;IH cornrol quadrant.

GOM~{A{ltl)ER, Am G IIO ,':3j Par: graph 4 0 -10 4~ may benusll'ading insofar the flam . 1.'+hilirv characteri tics arc one'l'1'1 .ec l\1 ' iLb (10 flame dampers installed.However, when Ilame dampers a-rein-tallcd 01" in ca es wher t h e all'ph ne1 1 a inC i ivi ti u, 1 1 s-tacks, as in FfiF-3, thecx! 'tau., '. t , laruC"visibility fS trein end u'lyreduced b operation in (l'U/V rich,T llis bas been demonstrated bv :nWIII.!I'ous flam dllU IJ ;> ing flight tests, It isa1 ~ believed that {ull mantwl richmight result in cxH Infl. min~,IRS:!Ii\\' ,I!. AVL\'Il.,N X!l.WS. August 15,1 9 'H I, p u b li sh e d Ott. page J ~ .HI interesting

and i 1 \ . . truc-t;ve ct er multiple answerpnlj,l"ms under the thlr: "lV-E>l'tntial~o r ltVl'll. ~rvjl!c:,". inc ... h o\vr:vc r. N A \,'> L V lI\"IC S N E- W ';tw. ' IIft.I'1i served dTrl1liveh ill this squadron

to Iurthcr indcerrin a te pCT. ' \O.T1od In 1II11"~c :u st u" tn ' a ud traditionsl i t w , , ~ >OI;IIt'WWlLdi~IIlThing (_II nQte yo~'r ;J.n~l'rel' to pl'OulcmKo. 4 -, niIIHI'h, "The commanding o f f i l ! r < Tof :Ib a I 1 1 . e s h - i J l IIlllJit g Q v " r n l'Ii~shirl UlIr1t!!'II $)' (


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D e g r e e o f F l a p O p e n in gBuAe r Summarizes Toke-o f f Tes's

IR GRotrP 3.-Tbcl'e is a divers:ityf opWon among SBO pilots as re theclegt of flap opening thai allows~CSl and shoztest arrier take-off.Th~ SBD-3 handbook ~tat thatRapopeni ngs up lu 15 degrees may be us don carrier take- ff wh reas th5BD--5 handb ok says Cull flap shouldDe used.One bm.l.lbjrlg- squadron of thisg toUPI VB-3, has found a flap' ,((:.ing-of Me-third to two-thirds full Oapgives the best ap pa rent lake-off chat-artcristics f qulek take-of]', mpldaccclerati n, and positiv control withall values of Iesdlug ccnditicns.It is felt that this probl m is rmiquto the SO ~1nCe-it i ev rloaded anrll IWdCl 'powered . Perhaps th e Bureaucould indicate if there i a & 'ttingorthe flap which would cause redu :tionin the L ID ratio. Wi uld i t b reason-able to sa: Up! fr1!" ftlll flap 'clling isnot the best Ier SBD's due to the redue-tion of contr 1 and low airs] eed whenfin;t air-borne.' Also, what dill' 'reneein take-off run WQU ld be e x.p ee le d fro mtwo-thirds flap to full Bat' at 30 knotsof wind?",auAe, eOMMEN1-flt!liull~ o f Ic > ke -o lf le~fi(o"dllcr~d at NAS Anocootia on thl! SBO-S crr"IUITI"'G,I~ed in the oA !ndead 01 '


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C H A N G E I NN A T I O N A L I N S I G N I A

The color Red has been removed from thenational insignia for all U. s ..aircraft. InsigniaBlue takes ir s place, as shown in the reproduc-cion above. Red bad previously been incorpo-rated in the design in order to complete dlCnational colors, Irs removal now is basedupon the objection of aviators in the SouthPacifi.ctu the use of Red because of possib leconfusion with (he Japanese rising- suninsignia., which is Red.

Documents

Naval Aviation News - Oct 1943