Naval Aviation News - Aug 1943

8/6/2019 Naval Aviation News - Aug 1943

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With a movi.ng star "'ceiling" ever-he(ld and a projected !'ground"underneath, the LinkCe.lesttalNavigation. Trainer enables planecrews to learn teamwork withoutdanger of a,ddent~.. The traineris one of the Navy's new devices10 leac~ navigation, vilal in loday'sgloba.1 wa" INa,vigal.ion Training)


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DURING INTERMEDI ....TE FLIGHT. N ....II....L AVIATION CADO FLIE s MU PLANE", BRIDGING THE G"P IIIIETWIEEN "YELLOW FIGHTERS" AND THE REAL THING

I n t e rm e d ia te F l ig h tGraduat ing from th e "Yel low Fighters," Cadets learn T o H andle

Hot te r Models at Pensac~la and CorpusUO completing primary train-ing, the naval aviation cadet hasbeen through 15 weeks of groundschool, 12 weeks of elementary flighttraining at a CAA-WTS school; 1Jweeks of physical toughening andacademic instruction at a pre-flightschool, and finally, 12 arduous weeksof primary training itself.His ability to f l y , to conduct him-

self as an officer. and to absorb thenecessary ground instruction, has beenproved. The mission of the H-weekintermediate training syllabus 1S 10make the cadet a military pilot. Theorganisaticn charged with this task isknown as Naval Air IntermediateTraining Command. and is headed by

a rear admiral with headquarters atPensacola,The command is divided into threemain activities: ATO Pensacola,

(ontentsIntermediate Flight . 1Grarnpaw Pettibone 6Did You Know? , 9Shore Stations . . . 14Vgpor Trails. . . . 16Navigation Training 20Technically Speaking. 24Technically Speaking In-dex. . . . . . . . . 30

BURoALI OF AERONAUTICSNAVY Il~PARTMENT-NO. 198

NATe Corpus Christi, and the Instru-ment Flight Instructors School, AAtlanta, Headq uarters of the train-iog centers at Pensacola and CorpusChristi are located at the main sta-tions but the six auxiliary fields at eachcenter are operated as separate com-mands, giving greater flexibility andfreedom of action,The first 4 weeks of intermediate aredevoted to basic training. The cadetflies VSN type planes, larger andheavier enough than primary trainersto bridge the gap between the "yellowfighters" and the real thing. Forma-tion and divisional tactics arc prac-ticed-take ofls, join ups, break ups,and landings-until the cadet is thor-oughly familial' with the new plane.

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He then moves on to basic instru-went training, where he gets his firsttaste of th e Link trainer, radio rangeflying, and flying on [nstruments"under the hood."During intermediate, the cadet isassigned to the specialized type of air-craft he will fl y throughout his careeras a naval aviator. Many factors are

carefully weighed before this assign-ment is made-personal preference,flight and ground school grades, reac-tion to altitude tests, etc. His special-ized training embodies three maingroups: VPB, VO-VCS, and VC, thelatter b eing further subdivided intoVF, VTB, and VSB.Ifselected for vo-ves the cadet ismitiated to water landings and sea-plane handling in N3N's on floats.OS2U's are used for scouting and spot-ting problems, gun,oezy and bombing

runs, and navigation and instrumentflights. During the course he is alsochecked out on the catapult.The VPB group learns the funda-mentals of twin motor operation inSNB's before actually taking (0 thewater in PBYs. Some of these cadetscontinue their training in twin engineland types and are ultimately assigned

10 shore based patrol units using landplanes. The VPB cadets concentrate

on long OVCl' water navigation and in-strument hops) bomhing rUDS, andfree gunnery.The VC group continues flying VSNtype planes , no operational aircraftbeing used until operational trainingis reached. Simulated carrier land-ings, gunnery: navigation, instrumentf iying , dive bombing, torpedo tactics,and night flying are, however, prac-ticed.Emili of .the specialized squadronshandles one type of training only.Most of them operate from the."satellite" fields where students ob-tain valuable experience in squadronoperation.Ground training is as intensive andwell .rounded as flight Instruction.Every method of teaching is utilized-

N A V A L A I R I N T E R M E D I A T E T R A I N I N G C O M M A N D

I

!fCNAITCi

NSACOLA

I INATeT

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lectures, exercises, motion pictures,and practical problems taking theirturn. In addition to the scheduledinstruction, flight time lost because ofbad weather is used for additionalground training.The muscles acquired in pre-flighttraining are not neglected in inter-

mediate. The same emphasis on phy-sical fitness prevails in the athleticprogram of calisthenics, obstaclecourse running, and swimming- Othertypes of recreational athletics are avail-able to relax the tension which mostof the cadets feel at one time 0.1'another.The high point in the career of thecadet is his graduation {tom inter-mediate and the ceremony in whichNavy Wings are pinned on his chest.He receives his commission as ensign IUS R; or second lieutenant, oSMeR,but his training is not finished. Thenew officer soon finds himself on theway to operational training or toinstructors' school,Most important of the mstruc ors'instituti-ons is the Instrument FlightJnstructors' School at NAS Atlanta.It Was established to spread the gospelof the "full panel" method of instru-

ment Hying, and to aid in publicizingthis valuable technique throughout thefleet as rapidly as possible.A secondary activity at Atlanta isthe Link Trainer School where en-listed Waves receive instruction inoperating Link trainers. Graduatesare rated as specialist petty officers oncompletion of the course, OtherWave~ study to be control tower operators, A school (or maintenance andoperation of radio Bying aids also isbeing establishe-d.Two less widely known activities ofthe Intermediate training commandare the School of Aviation Meclicineand the Photography School at Pensa-Gala .The School of Aviation Medicine isdesigned to 1. Train medical offioer~ asflight surgeons (2 months of aviationmedicine theory and 6 weeks indoe-trination in lying) ; 2. Train reservemedical officers as aviation medicalexaminers (2 months of lectures andpractical work in the aviation exam-ining room) ; 3. Train hospital corps-men as aviation technicians (12 weeksof study and practical instruction).The job of the school is "to keep asmany men at as many g!l11~as mao}'days as possible."'The Photography School gives a


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thorough course to officers and en-listed men in aerial photography, pre-paring them for duties as photograph-ers and photographic officers with avi-ation activities.Intermediate training has a. sumedau international Ilavor with the pres-encc of cadets lrotu the United King-dom and France at Pensacola, andfrom Argentina, Brazil, Chile. Cuba.

appropriations for construction ofwhat WaS then a modern navy yard.Shops were erected, docks built, andconstruction begun on many woodenWar vessels.Althe beginning of the Civil Warthe Confederates took possession ofthe yard and held it until 1863, thenevacuated the position. FOT t Pick-r-ns, on Santa Rosa Island, howcv r,

S T U D E N T S A V IA T O R S P L A N E S

E X P A N S IO N O F IN T E R M E D IA T E T R A IN IN G

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P E R S O N N E LO N B O A R D

JANUARY 1,1942APRIL I,1942JULY 1,1942

P L A N E S O N B O A R D , A N DS TU D E N T F L IG H T H O U R S

F L IG H T H O U R SEcuador, ~fcxic~). PI"L'U, and Uruguavat Corpus Christi. Thc men takethe same training right along with mil'Own C. S. cadets. Most of them hay!'already been commissioned a, officers.and they are organized separately fromthe cadet rqriml'llt. discipline being inthe hands of [heir own officers.

H ISTORIC PENSAC OLA L INKSNAVY 'S PAST WITH PRESENT

In 182:) a board, composr-d of threefamous O


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Flying' ionformotion de,velops t:he'instfndfot precision, tEtamwQrk


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G a $ L in e A ir L o c k sWhile cruising at ~,OOOeet, the en-gine of an SBD~l failed but started

again at 300 feet after the pilot hadshifted fuel suction several times.Upon regaining altitude to 600 feet,the engine again failed and a forcedlanding Was made during which theairplane received major damage.Investigation after the crash re-vealed that the left main tank wasempty, but the right main tank wasfull. No defect was found in the Cue!system, It was the opinion of theTrouble Board that; 0, the accidentwas caused by loss of fuel supply oc-casioned by air locks in the fuel sys-tem; b. the air locks were caused bythe pilot running the left main fueltank dry and then slUfting suction backand forth between the left and rightmain fuel tanks in his efforts to keepthe engine, funning.BUREAU COMMENT-When ,,,,,a.hing IQnk~after fuel exhau,slion from one , , , " k , mo!.-elheadion dennlte. Switch 10 a tanlc you know ;$ful l ..nd work- .he wobble pump unlll fuel p.es-sur" Is regained, N~"'I!' haphaz;ardly ~hirr th eruel seleclor vl;Il~e balane crewsare wearing IH e lodeel. and are safely .to-l io.,..d l in all fake-off. and landiI1l9'.Some people can learn onlv Ihe hard w..-y'by eKperlenc". Unfo'''malely, t.n avial;on Y


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violent nose-down turn from whichthe pilot was, unable to recover.The Trouble Board considered theunderlying cause of the crash to be dueto the inexperience of the pilot andthe immediate cause to be the reactionof the airplane to a sudden applica-tion of full power, This tended to rollthe airplane to the- left (due totorque). and at low speed there wasnot enough control to overcome this,~ Grompaw Pettibone says:...,~ That's right and it is much more ser10UIto have your left wl",g drop than Ine righi,be


10/36

N a v y P l a n e sR e s c u e A r m yF l i e r s Ad r i f tPatrol C raft A dd to The irL ong L ist o f A ccom plishm entsa s S u r v i v o r s o f B17 C rashA re L ou ted aher Five Day s

Ithe story of Navy patrol planes isever pieced together and publishedin complete form, it wil l provide manyvolumes of exciting reading. Amongthe frequent accomplishments of therBY is rescue work, for which theflying boat is justly renowned. EddieRickenbacker, adrift on the Pacific,is alive today, and his crew with him,thanks to the bloodhound tactics of aNavy OS2U on a mission of search.Navy patrol pilots know, however,

that ror every stirring page of exploits,hundreds must be devoted to hum-drum duty, The popular conceptionof glamour soon fades out in the longhours of listening to the drone of anengipc over monotonous tracts ofwater, often under a scorching sun.

This picture tellsthe s tor y of anArm y brigadiergeneral and his~t~ff of 15 whoseB-1? was forceddownin the Pacific,. ki . kl N'AII'" O$~U LOCATE'!)SJ.n mg 50 qurc' YEDDIE .RIC'K'E,NRACKERno supplies cou ld PI,IWNED IN PACIFICbe broken out. Army patrol pilots.'spent 5 days il l an extensive searchwithout success.Contact finally was made with thelost party by a Navy PEY. Afloat inthree rubber rafts, the survivors hadbeen without food and water the wholelength o r time. Occupants of oneraft, indudjng the general, were takenaboard t h - e PBY, and. another planewas called to pick up the others,

RESClliI, ;(1'( PRY 1 , 11 ' ARMY GENERAL ... ND !HIS STAFF. THEY SPENT FIIIE FOI,IDLESS, WATElnESS I,IA'vS 'IN SOUTH PAC-lf.CON THREE iU,i,!!EIER R'A.I'TS


11/36

W r is t W a t ( h e s f o r P i l o t sSupply Points Will DistributeBureau of Aeronautics has initiatedprocur .rnenr of wrist watches [or di -tribution to all naval aviators naval

ob elver" and naval pilots, Watcheswill be isued in accordance w-ith jointBureau of Aeronautics and Bureau ofSupplies and Accounts circular lettero f Apt,i! 6, 1943, which is b eingamended to provide for addition ofwrist watches to optional items offlight c lo th ing- listed on enclosure (A)thereof.Deliver is 10. be made by the CO"(1-tractor to Aviation Supply Annex,Norfolk, Aviation Supply Annex,Oakland, and Naval Aircraft Factory,Philadelphia, in a 40--40-20 ratio.Delivery schedules call for initial de-livery of 5,000 watches ill July 1943,and delivery rate of 10,000 per monththereafter until the contract has been,completed."Shor tage" o f FreeG u n n e r s ?BuAer Asks Review of Jacke'sInformation reaching the Bureau ofAeronautics indicates that new air-craft squadrons are being formed with-

out sufficient trained free gunners toman all gun positions completely,On the other hand, reports are con-tinually received showing" that largenumbers of enlisted pcrsonnel-i-gradu-ate:' of free gunnery schools-are as-

1'jgned to duties other than for whichthey were trained. This apparent in-advertent diversion of free gunners hasresulted in their a~SigI1Tl1C[lt to fightersquadrons and to" various other dutiessuch a~ manning a boat, towing anantisubmarine target, etc., for undulylong- periods of time.Aircraft gunners aru no differeutfrom other a iation specialists; such asradiomen. in that their proficiencydrops rapidly wit h 0 IIt constantpra tice,The Bureau appreciates that it is aCommanding Officer's preroga tive andduty to utilize personnel under rus

command to accomplish whatevertusks are assigned him yet is unable toreconcile the shortage of free: gunnerswhen the-re an; approximately 3,300men graduating monthly from gunne,r~'schools and units.The Bureau suggests that a reviewof en Iistcd personnel jackets may proveprofitable in uncovering trained avia-tion free gunnel's.

A m e r i c a n s to F ly H i g h e rChemical Ingredient AidsEquipmentAmerican Ion '-range borubers soonwill be able to fl y higher int thestratosphere and tay there longerthrough th usc of a chemical in-gredient which increases bv 50 times

N e w C a r r i e rD e s i g n a t i o n s

On 10 june 19"~3the SecNavauthorized the following Air-[ "l 'uCt C ; ; J r r j t r designat ionst 'Ffective 1 5 June 1943.cv - Aire:raFi CarriersThese include all the

27,000ton cla s (Esux)plus all cx i ting aircraftcarrir-rs built as such asthe Saratoga (CV3).

eVB-Aircraft Carriers, LargeCla$~ would include anycarrier larger than CV.

CVL-Aircralt Carriers, Small10,000-1011 class con-verted from Iormer CL' ,

eVE-Aircraft Carriers, fs,cortThese include the con-versions to auxiliary air-craft carriers from O1e1'-chant vessels tankers,and th "Kaiser' builtvessels. These vessels archOW recla sified as "Com-batant Ships."

the high altitude IiIe of carbon brushes[or airplane generators.This announcement was made re-cently by the Westinghouse Electricand Manufacturing Company. Thediscoverer of the ingredient, Dr.Howard M. Elsey, research chemistIor the company, said: "Generatorequipped with treated brushes are nowable to deliver electric power at nor-mal capacity for 100 hours or moreabove 30,000 feet. Untreated brusheswear out in an average of 2 hours, andthey may fail in a few minutes if thegenerator is called upon to deliverlarge amounts oi power:'

" C o n f id e n t ia l B u l ie t i nUNew Periodical To PublishData Above Resfricted ClassBuAer's Training Division is pre-paring for monthly publication a

Confidential Bu Aei Bulletin, the firstissue of which will be distributed aboutAugu t Lst .Need for a confidential publicationstems from numerous inquiries beingmade by aviation activities for addi-tional information on u wide varietyof subjects l an.giog [rom design anddevelopment of planes and powerplants, armor and arming arrange-ments, numbers and types of planes.Being of confidential classification, theBulletin wiLl contain information thatcannot b published 011 the restrictedpages of B u A e t Nsws.Nonconfidential material should besent to BuAf!I' NEWS, !IS usual,

T o S t a r t N e w O r l e a n s . .G u a t e m a la L in eThe Pun American Airways states

it will start thrice-weekly service be-tween New Or-leans and GuatemalaCity son, on stop to be made atMerida. Mexico. Boeing Stratolinerswill be used. The route is approxi-matrly 1.075 miles, with the travelrime about S L " hours. Proving Bightsare now under way, "Passengers [romChicago will be able te reach theCanal Zone in 21 'hours," PAA says.

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12/36

T W O R ID E O N O N E C H U T EEscape Follows Air Entanglement-Strong Onshore Breeze HelpsNAS, MIAMI.-A BT-l from this

Station crashed into the sea about 100yards cast of the town of Hollywood.Both the occupants of the plane sur-vived the accident by parachuting.The circumstances of the case are un-usual, belt fortunate for the survivors ..Ensign G., pilot, and E, L, Elwel l ,AM2/c1 passenger, were conductingdive bombing on the maneuvering tar-get boat. On one dive Ensign G.'.s

plane, II BT-I, was seen by the chasepilot to be heading normally exceptthat it appeared to Jl(lVC considerableexcess speed,At the bottom of the dive, Ensign

G.'s plane pulled out normally andstarted to climb away from the targetin a shallow left turn. At this point,about 1,200 feet, the plane started toroll slowly to the l'ight and when onits hack, one parachute was seen toblossom out below and behind it.The chase pilot immediately headed

tor this chute and upon closing indis-covered that there were two bodies,not one, suspended from it. Further-more, the canopy and shrouds of thelower individual were tangled aboutthe body of the upper. The chutewith its two passengers floated downinto the water about 300 yards off-shore.Upon striking the water the chute

did not spill, but commenced to act asa sail in the strong onshore breeze,towing the two airmen through thewater. Elwell, the passenger, whosechute had opened, rode along OIl. hisback somewhat in the manner of asurfboard.Goes Under WalerEnsign G,. extremely lucky up to

th is point, was dragged along beneaththe surface like a drogu. The chute,

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the surfboarder, .and the. sea anchorcontinued on into the beach at a goodclip.When it got sufficiently close, manywilling hands assisted the two airmento dry land. Ensign G.'s heart hadstopped, it was found, but he wasrevived by timely artificial resplration,and suffered only a few broken bones.Elwell Was . merely shaken up andbruised.Neither Ensign G. nor Elwell couldgive a coherent account of what hadoccurred. The former, ),U fact, couldrecall nothing of the accident. It is

S.rgtMll Dennis S1niin, ltA,F .. "t-"'>lliJllb~ doa.w'I)' of his "uming bomber andl o . Q . l > o o < l own !lil n o rt he rn H o l la n d. B c b 1 n 1 1!nUl ir) tll pI""", lay his friend, l'trghtSi'r/(Wlt E rn es t ah ,.ay . l II Id ly w o un de d,Iii~parachu te humed. Sin il~h Kn.-e\\ ' !ti,pal-nc)mle WU5 built t 0 c~rry '';0 pounds,""""" that two men \\~1h equipment ",,,igj).n"'lrly {wi". 0< much. ~t. 1>(}i~ li"g hiswounded {trend ( lnw his back. I ll ' j1)mped.TIm chute 'Ol'LI')Jedop.m,h.lq..-lml s",ilirlo't !lis ~r < p mt h4 it ; ""c l . .~\ \ ' him plunr-1Ilel to hi, c r , , , th, \lTher1 s'm.th floateddown \0 earth, he ,was ta.kmI prisoner. Last" ' " 1 ' 1 < , Inr a b J : : J , try that. W


13/36

L o t i o n T e m p e r s , S u n b u r nNCiVY Carefully SeledsPreparation Against RaysTo http aviators forced down at seaavoid serious sunburns; the Navy isequipping a n new parachute ao.d liferaft ~afe ty kits with a 3~ounce tube ofthe best sUnburn lotion obtainable.As at') added ounce of prevention,the Bureau suggests that Olen on dutyin tropical area, aequire as heavy asunburn as possible during any idlemoments they m:.)' have. This will

help protect them against blisters andperhaps fatal snaburn when adrift inlife rafts.The lotion was selected after scien-

tific tests o f 12 different commercialtypes of creams by the Naval MedicalResearch Institute.Thick S k j , n ProledsConrrary to common belief, the tanshade one's skin acquires from sun-burn is not what protects jt from worsebum. but the thickening of the deadlayer of skin on the outside. This actsa-s < 1 , . semiopaque screen to the. live cellsunderneath .Medical authorities at the Institutestate that lotions are almost worthless'unless applied before a sunburn is re-ceived. Tlreir value, it was said, lies inthe fact that they shu tout wave-l engths

of sunlight which produce burn,It is commonly believed that salt

WAVE LENG THS Awa t e r inCI:eas~ susceptibility to sun-burn and repeated exposure to sun-ligh tmay Lead to sk in cancer. Reportsfrom survivors of torpedoings or planecrashes indicate that it is a mistake toremove clothing while adrift on raftssince this leads to severe sunburningand Buffer ing.Where possible, survivors are coun-seled to use a sailcloth or piece of para-

chute as a sunshade. Even on a hazyor foggy day, one can be badly sun-burned because the minute water par-ticles do not absorb the sunburn-pro-ducing light waves.Usc of sulfa drugs in war areas hasresulted ina new medical finding thatmen using them are more sensitive tothe sun's rays and sunburn.

A rm y T ec h n i c a l O r d e r sTo eliminate extra paper workand unnecessary delay in. filling re-quests for Army Technical Orders(ATO's) , field activities should

write to - the Bureau of Aeronautics,Publications Section, just as theywould for any other technical -pub-lications pertaining to maintenance ..servicing, and overhauling of air-.:planes, engines, accessories, etc,The same procedure applies to re-quests for Al'l:rly Field Manual,(FM's) and Army Technical Man-uals (TM's) published by theAdjutant General's Office.. .Navalaviation field activities have beenordering directly from the Com-manding General, Ail' Service Com-mand, Technical Data Section.These requests are simply for-warded by the Air Service Com-mand :m the Bureau tOI' action.

Navy C o n s e r v e s R u b b e rSavings in Radio andEledrical EquipmenfThe Navy is . setting an e'l'ample for

civilians in conserving limited rubbersupplies. Two million pounds of cruderubber is being saved by BuAer in sub-~tittLting reclaimed and synthetic rub-ber in the manufacture of sell-sealingtanks for airplanes. Here are someestimates of savings now being made:Self-seahng ,fu~1 hcse-s-a saving _of 350,-000 poundsuf crud" rubber in the 194,3

aircraft pTog:.-am by use of synthetic rubber,/Ivia tion fIymg boats, suit bags, life jackets,oxygen equipment, wading suits, rain. suits,and lifo rafl~~ saving o( 350,000 poundsof crude tubber wi:ll be accomplished in the1 9 4 > 3 ' program by use of suhseiru tc materials.Parachute seat eushions=-a saving of 50(1,-000 pounds of rubber accomplished in 194;2by the substitu lion o f hair for rubber.The Bureau has outlined a conserva-

tion program for 1943, which. it ex-pects will save from 400,000 to 500,-000 pounds of crude rubber it). radioand dectdcal equipment alone,

I I L ET IE R S l ISrn:During m visit tome Eastem A,ircraftCorporation _pla=~tsat Trenton atld Lin-den, New Jer~ey. I was made acquaintedwith a very unique happening that r-e-:sult~d in a contribution 1 < 1 the Navy Reli",fFund oJ $5,334.38.As an incentive to complete Hill".Lindenplant's production On schedule, lh, . man-agem ...nt, designated the last plane due inJUlJ-~ as M-iu Vi~tQr". The plane w aspainted with aluminum paint to make iteasily identifiable and incentive ![igm wereplaced. on it. One of the workn;len inthe plant, Leo Zebolfski, an electric in-staller, was passing the plane and founda penny On the floor close to it He feltthat this might be a good luck token forthe pilot and aflixed jo t to the fuselagewi th a piece of scorch tape.

Another workman, L, E. Duda, added aone-dollar hill. Wfl!i . in thirW hours !lIn.hi,) was- completely covered a~ is shownin ; the picru re with the to tit) sum men-tioned. By that time the ship had movedoff the production line, EO it ber,


14/36

NAZ1 I:RE'\'VMEN MMUNG BREAK FOR AA GUNS ON FORWARD DEI:K CROUgH AS DEPTH CHARGE FROM PLANE UPHEAVES SURROUNDING WATER

N A V Y P L A N E S P L A G U E U B O A TN azi R esistan ce is Nipped as N ava l A via to rs L ink B om b ing A tta ck s w ith S tra fin g

G llnnery P lays Lead ing Part in A nti S ub D ram a

EVIDENCE that the U-Boat men-ate is cracking under an intensi-fied Allied drive appears in theseFleet ir photograph '. Circum-stances and net result are similar tothose in the submarine story in theprevious issue of BuAer NEWS.The action took pla ' in the At-

lantic where avy planes subjected aGerman sub to repeated attacks withdepth bombs and strafing. Activity12

la o ted for twenty-three minutes, afterwhich the submarine blew up andsank, seventeen of its crew beingrescued by an American destroyer.The ill-Fated sub was spotted byhawk-eyed Navy airmen as it skulkedbelow the surface, only its nose pro-

tl'Uding. As the craft came into fullview. it was rocked by depth charges.Crewmen crawled out of the coni1.ingtower to man the guns, but their at-

tempt was frustrated by strafing fromNavy planes. The bombers, mean-while, renewed their attack withdepth charges.The sub f inally was caught in themidst of an explosion, and breakingin two, slipped below the surface.The final chapter is shown as Navyplanes encircled the spot where the submade its farewell. Wake ill back-ground shows zigzag path craft took.


15/36

SUB TillES 21(; lAG M.ANEUIIERS 11\1 EFFORT TO ESCAPE OEPTH CHARGES STRAFING BY N'AIIY GUNNERS RENDERS THE NA.!:I AA. WEAPONS USELESS

CAUGHT IN EXPLOSION,. SUB BREAKS IN TWO AND' DISAPPEA'IIS BELOW THEIR JOB FINISHEn. NAllY 'PLANES ENCIRCLE SPOT WIIERE SUB WAS

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16/36

U n iq u e S e a p la n e R a m pB u D tCost and Time SavedNAS, BERMlJDA..-A unique sea-plane ramp utilizing no structuralsteel has been completed at this sta-tion at a cost less than half the appro-priation set aside for the job. The

time in building was half the timeneeded to complete two other- smallerramps by the .more conventionalmethod of sinking large piles.Explained in simplest terms, theramp i~ a concrete barge, 100 by 80feet, built on land, floated into posi-tion and sunk, To construct it, alarge pit, whose bottom was two feetbelow mean low water, was dug anddiked on the seaward side.After a layer of sand and rock WaSmade on the botton'! of the pit, the bot-tom slab of the ramp was poured. Thesecond step was 10 bulkhead the rampinfo seventy compartments, makingeach bulkhead airtight. The top slab

(If the ramp was not fanned until theramp' had been towed from its formerdrydock to deeper water.This feature of its constructioncaused some headaches among thebuilders, however, as the waves threat-ened to engulf the ramp because it

lacked a cover. (The builders, look-ing back, now fee! that it "would havebeen better to dig the pit deeper andplace the top slab while th ramp wasstill on the beach.)

By building up the sides with plank-ing, they were able to keep out thewaves until concrete could be poured.Dredges worked on the section of thewaterfront, meanwhile, putting a 10percent grade on the bottom so thatthe ramp would rest easily in place.When it was towed into place andseacocks opened and compartmentsfilled with water, the ramp settled intoplace with the outboard edge 10 feetbelow mean low water.One of the most difficult problemswas the pouring of a 35-00t sectionwhich ties the ramp to the beach.Much of the pouring was done underwater. Rising tides and waves threat-ened to spoil the concrete at the wateredge by rippling it while it was soft.

The action was counteracted largelyby diking the area with sandbags.II I this type of construction, cost is

reduced by eliminating the expenses ofdivers and dredges for long periods oftime. The cost of heavy structural steelalso is done away with. A ramp con-structed on shore has the added ad-vantage in that it can be built any-where and towed to the desired site.

O h , Y o u in T h e r e ?High "Wind" Stumps Student

NAS, SAN-l"ORD~ F t: . A.-The student pi-lot was busy tak-ing drift sightsand working (Jut his problem underthe hood of the Navi-Trainer, Hewas concentrating' on instruments andhad no thoughts of adverse weather.

Suddenly something went wrong.The trainer turned around, picked upspeed, careened wildly across thehangar deck. The student pilot tight-ened his grip, Waited for the crash.No crash came. Cautiously he

lifted the hood, peered out. A huskyaircrewman with a passion for neat-ness and a horror of "articles adrift"was lashing the Iittle trainer to astanchion in a secluded comer of thehangar.The student pilot swears he had atleast a gO-knot cross wind.

~"1 thought of sending some of these

cigars to the front.""How can you be sure the lUZlSwill get them?"

3"

~a" h o \ , : -for c.hain.

tl ~0 )~-.-"'LRadiUS-for easIer openin~~PuSh'ing~Iade 011+

SCfI"W DIIIVE'II , MADE WITH TWO 'RL"'DES, REACHES INTO TIGHT PLACE'S JlNO SERVES AS DZUS WREN'C"

14

L ittle S cre w D rive rHandle Reaches Tight SpotsMCAS, EL CENTJ,W,-A handy little

screw driver which serves also as a DZlISwrench to get into tight places underhot. cowlings has been devised at thisstation.By getting a better grip on the screw,the device has less chance of shearingthe slot in the screw. Since it has nolong handle, it can be used in tightplaces where a regular screw driverwould not fit. It can be made withtwo blades by changing a few dimen-sions, with one blade for larger Dzusscrews, Half-inch long ends are either

welded or pinned in allowing for thelength of the blade.[DBSIGh"ELl .8 v CORPORAJ~ J. YF.TIOKl


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A u to m a ti c P i l o t N e c e s s a ry ?Bureau Ciles Need in CombatNtCAS, CHERRY POINT, N. C.-

Keepi g the bank and climb unit ofthe automatic pilot of SBD's in work-ing order has been diffi ult in one ofthe squadrons here.Pilots do Dot agree on the necessityof the automatic pilot as an accessoryto these planes. Should it be decidedthat the automatic pilot is superfluous,it would be pas ible to install the typeof horizon used in the SNJ which isbelieved superior. Some improve"merit has been noted in operation ofthe bank and climb units since a recentvisit of a Sperry representative whooffered several useful hints on auto-matic pilot maintenance.Another controversy revolves aroundthe substituting of post and ring sightin favor of telescopic sighL A deci-sion may be unnecessary with the ad-vent of the SBD-5 electric sight.

. 18""11( M.D CLIMB UNIT, M'A111(4AUTOMII.TIC PILOTBUREAU COMMENT-Till, ls one of Ihe firstrepo,lo received by the Bureau in which pl.lo . .did nol consider tho automatic pilol 10 1M Cicombo' necessity. Since It i.bdieved Ihat Ihemaiorify at pHaf'. con.lder 11 a nece .. ity, .heywill conlin,ue to be specilled for VSB plane.$.

COMPL.ETELY.EQUIPPED RADIO DR Ill. TA8L[ IS U$EO fOR OPERATIONS: CH.ECK DUT ON GRDUN(I

C h e c k O u t in R a d io E q u ip m e n t S p e e d s M a s t e r yNAS, ]ACKSONVlLJ:-E.-A patrol

bomber squadron hen! has im-proved its training course for radio-men and pilots by mounting a com-plete set of spate radio gear on atable for practice operations.The equipment is the same as

used in the Catalina flying boat andis mounted with necessary batteriesand dynamotors. An AC voltagesupply for the GO-type transmitter

is also provided so tha t students maybe thoreughly checked out in allequipment On the ground prior toactual flight training.Each student is given a radio-

Inan's notebook with copies ofphotographs of all radio equipmentand radio panels, with explanatorynotes. rntimate knowledge of theequipment ISnot requited, the pro-cedure outlined being adequate.

N'"lurally the ordInary gyro ho,longer IiFe olid requlrel j " " . malnteltha bank and climb unit o'F Ihe (lulomsImply becau ... th" lalle, has bank 01pick-off system oltached. Howev",. ",'"proper ",e and lI1alnteTlance, lito Ql,ltomalicpilat should perfo.1)'I .satidoctoriJy for a peria",of time compa~"bl" to tho, of th" gyro horban.II ls therefore bel ieved fhal the automatic pilat.~ho1Jl.d nat be replaced wilh a directional gy.aand gyro hodz:on.The Utile green bookret, LeI Elmer Toke Ove"

whith can be obl


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T h i s f l ig h t of B-I7's reveals the military importance ofvapor or condensation trails often rcsul ting- from high-altitude tlying. Although dazzling to behold, they are aclear give-awil,Y to the enemy of the position and courseof nights; thcv may indicate the number of aircraft and

provide cover for pursuing planes. The trails in thispicture probably arc thr- exhaust type-by far th e mostcommon and thr- most important [or tactical purposes.Thr-y are formed by condensation of water vapor from thevngine exhaust. There are IwO other types of trails:


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ing trai Is (


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N A V I G A T O N I R A N ( iT ech niq ue o f P lo ttin g a C ourse C ha llen g es N ava l A via tion A s Its A ir P ow er F an s O u t A cro ss th e S ea sDEMAND for accurate navigatlonfly pill! ts has increased as ba rtleareas expand, and the Navy is givingits aviation cadets a thorough ground-ing in thi important subject.Under the c ntinuous training PI"O-graUl adopted by the Navy, cadets-willhave had about 72 weeks of naviga-gation 'instruction. This will belengthened later to 78 weeks.AIr ady abou t l} 000 cadets underthe [lew program arc well into the thirdstage of the training; which includesflight preparatory schools, CAA-WTS,pre-flight, primary, intermediate, andoperational training.

W h n this g ro u p le a v e s th e pre-flightschools it will have devoted more time10 na 'v- : igaHem, ana it w ill be betterqual ified illthe subject, than arc thenewly commissioned naval aviatorscurrently arriving in the fleet. Nf'VCI'-theless the group still will have 1a ad-ditional months of intensive naviga-tion training ahead of it.During approximately three monthsat primary training centers they wi l ldrill three days a week toward speedand proficiency in fundamentals oIDRand celestial navigation already cov-cred, At intermediate and operationaltraining centers emphasis will beprated 011 the practical aspects of navi-gallon as conducted by VP, VF,VSB, VTB, and VO-VCS squadrons,respectively.(Jut Theories fo UseAt these centers navigation trainingto a large extent wi l l . move from tradi-

tiona] ground school buildings to Hyingclassrooms where theoretical conceptsnecessarily must be subordinated topractical application.Indicative of the empha. is being'placed on navigation in the l'cvi$rdtraining program is the naval air navi-gation school established at Holly-wood, Florida, on February 20 of thisyear. This specialized school is anoutgrowth of the Navy's f i rst school foraerial navigators which was started .inSeptember - 1942 at Coral Gables,FIOIida. and which wa~ ultimately ab-sorbed bANS I I I Mayor tills year.14 of JUDe 1 J 194;3.,more than 1,300trained navigators had matriculatedatNANS.20

tudcnt naviaators at N A S arc 11'1two principal ; < 1 tcgories, officers andcadets. The officers in turn fa l l intotwo groups. newly omrnis inned offi-cers and na -igation in structors as-igned for refre her courses. Thecourse for cadets, embracing naviga-tion, seamanship, aerology, bombing.gunnery, air combat information,recognition. drill and physical; and In-doctrina tiou last 18 weeks. Cadetsentering from pre-flight sch ols will becommissioned ens igns in the Navy orsecond Iieutenants il l th e Marine Corpsupon graduation. Manv wil l go intoNATS and Marine transport groupsas nonpilot navigator .

A ir N a vig atio n Bu lle tin

Squadron and stall' navigators ofth fleet and training school naviga-don instructors will be able to keepabreast of new developments intheir field through thenewly-estah-l ish ed A ir N a r ig atim Bulletin,To he issued first il l cptembor,

IlJ~ Bulletin wi l l contain informa-tion regarding present and contem-plated plans for navigation train-ing in various phases of the trainingprogram. It w.ill contain typicalnavigazion problems. records of in-teresting experiences Of observationsbased on actual navigational recordsof operating airrra ft . new eq ULj.>-merit or aids for sen-ice or traininguse.A section w111h e devoted to theLink celestial navigati n trainernow being installed and used onvarious stations.The Bulletin wi l l be issued quar-terlv and unit of naval aviationhav"e b n requested to send in rna-terial fOI' publication. Especiallydesired arc unusual experiences (wproblems, r11'W "wrinkles," specialmethods devised for polar 01' equa-torial regions, omrnent on equip-ment, and sugge~ti{}f.J~ on training,

Training Is Thorough, Inclusiveo f f ic ('1' ~tllde...ts receive t h o r oughtraining as a ir navigation instructors,qualified [or classroom work and workin aircraft. Ea h NANS student,officer and cadet, is given approxi-matel) 30 hours flying time. Flightsare of Iour hours duration. Five atenight nights. Navigation flights be-gin about the middle of the course andparallel c1a!l5100m w rk. In addition10 th ordinary practical problems pre-sented bv work in the plane, studentsa,TI:' taught to read surface wind forceand direction [rom 'white cap andwind streaks, They make groundspeed checks and learn to "sWUlg ship onthe ground and in the air. They takenUl11el'OUS celestial observa tions fromthe beach as well as in the ail'.DR instruction includes sailings,chart construction, vector diagrams,

DF corrections, calibration of air speedmeters; compas~ corrections, no windposition. computer rate-e-time-c-dis-ranee problems, radius o action. inter-ception, fictitious ship, square searches,geographic and r lative sector searches,double drift, and wi nd be ween f ixes ,The DR cheek out examination isgiven during the seventh week of thecourse.Time Sludies GivenCelestial ria vigation is in troduced bytirne-solar and sidereal, followed by

naut ica l astronomy, plane o f the ce les-tial meridian, astronomical triangle,hour angles and meridian angles, staridentification, latitude by Polaris, celes-tial fi-xes"HO 211,.HO 214, HO 218,meridian altitude, single line of posi-tion approach; deviation by celestialazimuths, deviation graphs, compen-sation of magnetic compass, high alti-tud sights, star charts, etc,It is contemplated that ultimatelv

< 1 1 1 navigntion instructors participat-ing in the cadet-training pmgram willhave been processed through NAN,The desired and expected result of thistraining wi l l be standardized instruc-tion under practical rather than rheo-retical navigators,

1n 1 he meantime before cadetstrained under the new program beginarriving in the fleet, multimotor plane


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MAN THE BOARDS! Astronomical triangle is explainedin class at Naval Air _ avigation school, Hollywood, Fla.

BENDIX CART, synthetic trainer device, can navigate500 miles inside room, as wheels are geared to distance: scale

PLOTTING a radio bearing in the Hagner Cart, mobil'trainer used in celestial navigation, at NAS Corpus Christi

ENLARGED PANEL board in Corpus Christi classroom)illustrates basic instruments used for navigation instruction

STUDENT OFF1CERS receive data before take-off inIlying' clas room at NAl'lS, specializing in aerial navigation

ACCURATE giant model of computer. made from blue-print on plywood base , is valuable aid innavigation class21


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pilots will receive 30 to 60 days ad-vanced navigation training at NANS,subsequent to commissioning but priorto reporting to squadrons. On June

15 the first 350 newly commissionednaval aviators reported for this stream-lined postgraduate navigational course.Combat reports have demonstrated

clearly the high calibre of navigationalability required in combat areas. Thepresent navigation-training programwill develop that ability.

S ele ctio n o f N on ..P ilo t N av ig ato rs C on sid ers C an did ates ' Ability, J u dgm e n t, T emp e ram e n t, A p titu d eWar-inspl,red emphasis O IX naviga-tion is reflected in many activities as-

sociated with the Buteau's TrainingDivision section to meet the demandsfor more men w ho can direct planes totheir objects and return.St P by step, the cadet isJed throughsix stages of training Irom simple fun-damentals to intricate operationalnavigation problems.Standardized examinations andgrading have been designed to funnel

cion trainers have been allocated tonaval air operational and naval airtrai'ning stations and schools for basicand refresher instruction in celestial,DR and radio navigation. Approxi-mately 20 LC I'I' units are


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S t u d y i n g E n em v F i r eTeach Angles of .Approac .hFields of fire of operational enemyau-craft- may be demonstrated with anew device utilizing model planes. Itis an aid in teaching the student whatangles of approach involve the gre,at-

est concentrations o -f fire {rem an en-emy plane. Proper attack angles- to bewed so as to put the student's plane insuch a position that it will receive theleast amount of defensive fire tov!"ragemay also be shown with the device,

the globe. Where two or more fieldsof fire interlace, the colors are blendednn the globe surf a ce, Attention iscalled tc them by the addition of col-ored dot, indicating the actual numberof gUllS concentrated on the particulararea.Identity o r the airplane and the cali-

ber of its g\.U"lS are contained in a smalldisc at the top of each globe. Theglobe m ay be suspended from a ringat the top or may be fitted into 1Iwooden base for table use,

~CON,ESOF FI'RE OF EN,EMY PLI.NES. PROJECTED ON SPt!!ERE. SHOW DAN GEROUS .ANGLEs OFAPPROACH

The device consistsof a small metalairplane model whilO-hs suspended ona metal rod in the center of a 10"clear plastic sphere. On the surface ofthis sphere the various are-as of cover-age of each gULl emplacement on anenemy plane are outlined in color.Gun locations are indicated on themodel by a spot of color correspcndingto that used-to de fiue each fire field on24

Cones o J fire for the following enemyairnraft ate included in " the first se t ofdernenstratio Oil [ rnodels ;1. Mi!subishi T96NHR "Nell"2. MUsubi,hi T91AHB. "Sail.,."3. KaWqniS'hi 197NPB. "Mevis"4. N ak qiim a 197 M I< " Kcte"I 1 I N T B .5, FW 2001(6. DO 211.7. He 111K.8. JU-B8 A-l,

9. JU-89 B-1,10. JU-96K.11. JU-B8 A-4.12, HE 115K..

T a p e D is c u s 's edE ach T ype Has I ts r ask

Tape rnaterjal used to protect cr maskoff area, 10 be left unfinished, when sur-faces JUt painted or plated, is purchased 01released under Navy Aeronautical Sptci:fi"cation 53 T 6 or subsequent Ilevision.This specification Covers the following fivetypes of tape, the designation applyinglargely 1.0 the gt~'I(l paper and treatmentused in the backing on which the adhesiveis appHed:~n:;.p-MohtLlr{" 'Proof, cr..pe. paper hack"mg.IIfFT~Moistue proof, thinC\'epe paperbacking.(J1'l!:-Nonmn;S-ll.lre )'lIDof, h~a)'- cr~p&paper hacking.

afL-NOmlloi~tule proof, jjgbt crepepaper backing.l'sp-Nonmoisture proof, I-at paperbacking.

All tapes w in perform sarisfactorilv undernOrln.al conditions when covered with paint,dope varniah, ~d oehermaterlals use-d in .finishing aircraft, and the adhesive wilt notaffcct undescoats of pain t or metal withwhich ;t may be in contact,Indi,,,'as "...po,eThe type tape is an indication of thep"-t"posc fot which it ill best suited, Mois-turc-proef constructioa for example, shouldbe sed under conditions of high humidity

andlo r iuS' h tempera tures, U nd cr th eschigh atmospheric conditions, the nnnmois-ture-proofconstructions have a tendency toabsorb moisture and become- less: efficientsince they do 1)01 adhere, as wen a. whenhumidity is low. The moisture-proof con.structjons arc not aft ected b} eit.l:jcr hig bhumidity Or heat and have provfn superiorfor masking, .hnlding, and general use tin-der all conditions,Moisture-proof tapes are constructed 01

reclaimed rubber whereas a percentage ofcrude rubber is used in coo] unction w i threclaimed rubber in the nonmoisture-prooftape and should be used wherever possible,

Thr; only real need .Ior mrnmoisture-proofconstruction is in plating work. Whenpla ting metal parts, it is oft.cn desirable tomask


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cause of ito thinness, The thin paper alsouses Iess materials in the backing satura-tion which results in further savings o f crit-ical mate-dais.In order to conserve critical rubber forother purposes, tape should be used al lsparingly and in the narrowest widths pos-sin!". The use of 1 inch in place: of I y~ -[nch "tape will result in a 50-pet'cent saving.Instead of using wide tape to cover larg-eareas, narrow rape and treated kraft papershould be used for masking. Dispenserscalled apron tapers, which carny paper ofdifferent widths and a Toll of masking tapewhich covers one edge of the paper andleaves a portion of the adhesive side of thetape exposed for adhering the assembly tothe work, should be a-vailable at all sra-tions, More extended use should be madeof these apron 'tapers 01' they should berequisitioned in the widths desired if t11~Yare nor available.

TRAINING QUIZZES ON FILM ARE EASY TO TAI\E

The Visual Quizzer is an automaticslide-film projector designed to aid onreviewing training course subjects.I ts ruernory-refresher films cover thefieJd from both the general and tech-

nical angle and include a wide rangeof subjects.Becauseof its portability, the quizzercan be handled conveniently and set

up for use on board ship or at a train-illg station, It can be us c l by indi-vidual students or by .group. of stu-dents for review purposes or competi-tive scoring. Its chief advantage isits "continuous showing" and repeat-ing aspect.Those who "take" a memory-re-fresher quiz are provided with scorepad for individual scoring as the pic-tures are shown. Each picture has asuperimposed question with alternateanswers, one of which is correct, Thetime each picture remains 011 thescreen can be regulated by means of aspeed regulator, The quiz films canbe shown in any sernidark room,Subjects of ~ew memory-refresher

quiz films planned or in preparationinclude:Aircraft Maneuverand Formation

Landing FieldsRange Estimatingheory of Flig.htAirplane EnginesLifesaving and

First AidElectricityN a val AviationHistory

U. S. Navy His-tory

Mechanical Co r n -prehensionGeography fromthe Air

Aviation Techm-cian-MetalsrnithAviation Teehnd-cian-Machinist'sMateAviation Technician"Ordn ance-.manAviation Techni-cian-RadiornanAerial BombingLighter-Than-Air

SeaplanesRandom Review(General I. Q.Test)Navigation

This picture of 11 Navy patrol squadron commander and aides illustrates therigor of life in the South Pacific combat zones. Recumbent in a Navy issuehammock, with cigar drawing comfortably and with a co onut full of gin andwater close at hand, he is filled with contemplation. The aides are wearingthe native half-frock, or lava-lava: and one: has on an old-fashioned dust cap.

HI-Naval CustomsPick the best choice to com-plete

Ilia statements below then check)lOU r ansicers nn p . 32.,. There is a differenc .. belw ..en (In order

"nd a command.A


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R R ' O P E R M E T H O D O F -M A K IN G W A T E R L A N D IN G S

1. This is normal des,cen&ng po-sition in a Q.A.C.type harness. 2. Move back into harness slinguntil weight is off leg straps. a. Unfasten leg straps at approx i-mately 100 feet fro,m waler.

4. When the' leg straps are free,unfasten the c h est straps.

28

5. Fold arms at chest. Inflatelife .acket when free of chute.

6. Slide out of harness at 10 feet.Let go risers on touching water.


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Sli8JECT I s s u eLife rafts, ~igna! lights., 2/15 48Life Faits, waterproof chart for ~ 5/1 :3 2Life rafts with masts and sail, used by A L rn ) " _ _ 3/15----- 50Ligb,tS'on taxiways for D1t'ntflyiog 3/15 48Load indicator, design oI~_~ 6/1 30Lubricating oil, shortage PQssibility 2/1!L 52

W4TEJIPRO(lF CHART FOR R4FTS

M.z..laneuverihg PBJ-1 Airplanes, restrictions('1'. O. No. 23-43, 5/1 5 __ ~ __ 34Manifold pressure gages 4/15 32Mirrors for life rafts to attract attention .. 2/1 _-_ 44M(ibi~e navigation trainer 3/1 48

NNavigation aid developed 7/1 29Navigation mode] for studerits., 611 3 ,6/1 27

VVibration injurious to electrical cables 3/15 48Voice communications lmtalled in turret 6/J 27

WW>\tedanding-field made out ofshallow pook.., 5/1 :31Watnproofcha,rt for life rafts ~ 6/1 32Weather summary 6/1 __ 2.9Wh 1 1 d b If 2/1 4.3eeisup '10 S panes------------12 /JS 37Wing tip floats, eompartmentation askedc; 6/U------ :11Wrench for palnuts made from hacksaw blade., 5/1 :31

ZZero Shot, setting, of 6/1 32

, ,"U,REAU SPEC1,fIES ES;$EHTIA!.. EQ.UIP1l 'lENT FOR' EVERY !..lFI! R"FT

31


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S p e a r N o z z l e E x ti n g u is h e rF igh ,s F ires af Close RangeMCAS, EL TORo~ C,\LU1. -A spear

nozzle attach mont which enables firefighters to squirt carbon dioxide on11a11.1e5with less danger of beingburned has been devised here.By thrusting nozzle into the fuselageof a burning plane, it is possible toplace the gas directly on the fire.It also can be thrust through a

door, ,floor, or ordinary wooden sheet inclosure to fight the fire without ad-

mitring more air to feed the flames.The spear nozzle, which work, bet-

ter in the open than the cone-typeunir, is made of 7 feet o I aircraft sheettub ing 2Y s inche in diameter with1/ Ifi-inch wall thickness. The pointis of steel plate j inches long with anopening 2 inches by Y a inch, Diame-ter of the tube is found to be the mini-mum to prevent freezing and to allowth gases to slow up.[DES, Bv M'l'.S01'. LAnRY L CULBERT]

SPEAR NOZZLE C 02. FIRE EXTINGUISHERrBRA55 PLUG! (45~~ /,,,';{:..-''..-'r>: ( ql ~ S . : : 4 T E . P /T~ef;;;; 7 _lEW~ _lJh2{I , . 1 --1 S ' p = - _L"I '2 r S'-4t,E; In = 1FT. 16 ,sCAt.E (::/ "

D o l l y H a n d le s F l a t T ir e sDevice Still inExperimental StageNAS, ALAMEDA.-Rcn1oving air-

craft with Hat tires and damagedwheels, from the flying :field was quitea problem here until Machinist G. P.Dupree designed a three dual-wheeldolly to perform the task.The dolly's outstanding points are:

T . Requires no jack to lift plane wheelinto dolly; 2. Is adaptable for anylightweight plane; 3. Dual wheels pre-vent sinking into soft .runways ; and4. Is constructed of nones entia1 mate-rials.As the dolly is in the experimentalstage, improvements can be made.Detachable set of wheel in front canbe arranged to fit. in position withoutthe use of baits. This would expediteremoval of planes by 4 or 5 minutes.The do11y was constructed of angle

BE ST AN SW ERSTo qUlestions on page 25

1, d 2. a 3. a 4. b 5. d

32

non, scrap metal, and salvaged SOCtail wheels. If constructed of chromemolybdenum steel, much larger planescould b e handled.

DOLLY SPEEDSHANDLING OF DAMAGED PL"NES

BUREAU COMMENr-Ih.t. i. an ingenlou.device .. . lled for F4f'. and ether plon ..s in thtltweight classificCltlon. The question i.....$e.d,however, "s 10 Ihe dolly'. abllJlY 10 handle,heavier planes sueh as T8f'., SBle'., etc. If

il will ilaRdI., all welghl efe.sses of .lngie-engined aircraft, I:,will be one ,olullon 10 thedwkwc"d problem of removing planes rro", Ih"field after a li.e or wlleel has been damaged.The Bureau will investigate further Ihe vCllueofIhis device, and if it proves fa be a de. iredIlem. will procure and distribute ilia all.10 I iCiIIs.

C h a r g e r B e in g D e v e lo p e dInterim Procedure SuggestedSB2C-l airplanes are being de-

livered with manual charging control(slide, retra.cting assembly BuOrdStock list o. 1-5-94-28) installed.The contractor is developing a moresati factory manual charger as thepreseTIt one is difficult to operate whenthe gun is depressed,Pending this development, units-can obtain satisfactory operation by re-moving the handle of the presentretracting slide and making up andmstalling the cable nnd toggle ar-rangement shown in the accompany-ing illustration.The rollers and securing plates canbe made by squadron metal millisand at-tached to the gun bv screws inexisting threaded ho les ,


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h e NewN a t i o n a l

Documents

Naval Aviation News - Aug 1943