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NATIONAL RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY
Green Bank, West Virginia
ELECTRONICS DIVISION INTERNAL REPORT NO 3
STANDARD RECEIVER MEASUREMENTS
By
JAMES L. DOLAN and CARL WOODDELL
OCTOBER 1962
NUMBER OF COPIES: 15
RERUN MAY 8, 1963: 50
TABLE OF CURVES
Figure 1 Total power output versus temperature
Figure 2 IF strip and gain modulator output versus B+ voltage
Figure 3 IF strip and gain modulator output versus filament voltage
Figure 4 Switch driver oscillator • frequency versus filament voltage
Figure 5 Switch dri :ver oscillator amplitude versus B+ voltage
Figure 6 RPM 200-15° power supply versus temperature
Figure 7 Filament voltage versus temperature
Figure 8 10 volt power supply variation versus temperature
Figure 9 Phase detector output versus temperature
Figure 10A Phase detector output versus 150 volt supply
Figure 10B Phase detector output versus 10 volt supply
Figure 11 Sorenson output versus time (8717)
Figure 12 Sorenson output versus time (238)
Figure 13 Stevens and Evans regulator output versus time
Figure 14 Block diagram for total power measurements
Figure 15 Block diagram for filament and B+ measurements
STANDARD RECEIVER MEASUREMENTS
A curve showing gain change versus temperature voltage variations was
plotted for each unit in the standard receiver. A temperature variation of 50 °C
(from 0 °C to 50 00) was used and is large enough to cover any expected deviation
in practical wage. A voltage variation of 5% was selected to give an expanded view
of operation around the nominal voltage required for the unit under test. The re-
sults of the tests show that the tandard receiver is relatively insensitive to tem-
perature and voltage variations. The actual sensitivity of any particular unit is
shown on the attached curves.
These curves show how the receiver output Varies when the individual units
are subjected to a temperature variation from 0 °C to 50 °C. Room temperature,
23 °C, was used as reference temperature. The calibration was obtained by using
,a precision attenuator after the signal source. The curve for the intermediate fre-
quency amplifier looks a little strange because the slope changes sign at approximately
3Ø O 35 °C. The shape of this curve was checked using another IF strip, and the
curves compared close enough to assume that this is the -general shape of the IF out-
put versus temperature. It is interesting to note that the increase in gain of the IF
strip is almost equal to the combined decrease in gain of the gain modulator and the
integrator in the range of 23 °C to 33 'C. The combined output variation for these
three units would be almost zero.
Figure 2
Output variations with respect to plate potential. - These curves are straight-
forward and show that the output of the receiver will vary linearly with changes in the
B+ voltage. It was expected that the IF strip would be more sensitive to 13+ voltage
than the gain modulator. The curves show that the IF strip is about twice as sensitive
as the gain modulator to changes in B+ voltage. To maintain deviation less than 0. 1 db
for the IF strip, a power supply regulation better than 1. 5% would be necessary. Act-
ual regulation of the B+ supply is . 05%. Therefore, there is no serious problem from
this source,
Fiore 3
Total .power output versus filament voltage0 — These curves show that the
total power output in db versus filairhent voltage is virtually a straight line. As was
the case with the B+ voltage, the IF amplifier is more sensitive to variations in
.filament than the gain modulator. This is to be expected since the IF strip has more
tubes than the gain modulator. For a deviation less than 0.1 db, filament voltage
regulation mustbe better than about O. 2,00 Manufacturer's specifications for the
Sorenson regulator are .01%. Measured regulation is closer to .1%.
Fizure
Figure 4 is a plot of switch driver oscillator frequency versus filament volt-
age. While the filament voltage was ii-arted from 6 to 6.6 volts, the frequency varied
only 0.2 cycles. For practical purposes it is safe to say that the frequency of the
square wave driver is not sensitive to filament voltage within this range.
Fj.2„y_Le.5
Driver oscillator output versus B+ voltage. -- This curve is virtually linear.
A 5% change in results in a 16% change in the oscillator rms output voltage. This
is not of any great concern because the amplitude of the output voltage of the oscilla-
tor is not critical. Also, the 150 volt supply is regulated within 0.05%, as long as
the temperature remains approximately constant.
150 volt power supply variation versus temperature. -- This curve is nearly
linear, and shows that within a temperature range of 5 °C to 55°C the output voltage
varies approximately 200 millivolts, or about .13%. This is low enough to maintain
power output variation less than 0„ 1 db.
n .re 7
Filament voltage variation versus temperature. -- The validity of this curve
is doubtful. Starting from 5 °C, the voltage begins to drop. This drop can be ex-
plained by the increase in resistance of the transformer windings with on increase
in temperature. But t 25 °C the output voltage Lkes a sin p rse. The curve Nas
3
run again using another transformer, with the same results. The variation in fila-
ment voltage over a 20 °C change in temperature is about 0.3%. This will give a
total power output variation of approximately 0.15 db.
10 volt DC power supply output versus temperature. -- The output voltage of
the 10 volt supply rises linearly with temperature, about 1. 5 MV/°C. This rise with
temperature can be attributed to the method the supply voltage is regulated. Refer-
ence voltage is obtained from a zener diode in a bridge circuit. By proper circuit
technique it is believed that this variation can be reduced to less than 0. 5 MV/°C.
9aid
Phase detector. -- The Sanborn phase detector presented a special problem
in these measurements because it can be divided into four distinct sections: (1) The
AC, or signal channel, (2) reference channel, (3) the phase detector, and (4) the DC
amplifier. The measurements were made with a reference signal applied to the
reference input, but no signal applied to the signal. channel. The drift in the output
was measured in millivolts. This drift was short-term and varied about 10 rhilli-
volts. The short-term drift was noticeable during a sudden temperature change.
After the temperature stabilized, drift was limited to about ± 1 millivolt around a
given point. While some of this drift can be charged to variations in our measuring
equipment, it is believed that at least 9070 of the drift comes directly from the DC
amplifier. From the curve shown in Figure 10A it is apparent that the drift in the
phase detector output is directly related to the drift in the plus and minus 150 volt
supplies. This was expected because of the differential input circuit configuration for
the DC amplifier. From Figure 10B it is seen that the phase detector output is also
directly related to the -10 volt supply. This was also expected from investigation of
the DC amplifier. There is a transistor emitter follower in the output stage (PNP
Transistor) that receives collector voltage from the -10 volt suppTy. Any variation of
the 10 volt supply shows up as an output variation because the tube filaments in the
DC amplifier are heated with the 10 volt DC, and also because the transistor base is
indirectly Mased by the tube outpu— It is possible to heat the DC aril Allier filr es
with AC and eliminate the 10 volt DC supply altogether. This will be attempted in the
near -future.
4
Power Rmulatipn_
Figures 11 and 12 show the variation in output voltage of two Sorenson AC
regulators under a 6 amp load. It is obvious that the Sorenson leaves something
to be desired if AC regulation is to be better than O. 01%. The regulation of the
Sorensons that were tested is about 0.4% Under these conditions, the value of
the Sorenson AC regulator is questionable. Of course, without the Sorenson, some
means would be necessary to obtain regulated filament voltage. This is possible by
using a regulated DC supply for the filaments. if it seems desirable to retain over-
all AC regulation, a much better choice of AC regulator (at a correspondingly
higher price) is the Stevens and Evans Model R760. From Figure 13 it can be seen
that over a 20-hour period there was no measurable drift in the output voltage.
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E111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
111111
11111 1
1111
1111m
Em
ilIM
ME
MII
IIII
IIII
IMIN
IMN
IMM
IUM
NII
IIII
IIM
EE
MIN
IUM
IM
IN I
IIIM
IIII
MM
IIIL IM
MIIO
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IIIIM
MM
MM
MIM
MIN
IIIIM
IIUIN
IMM
MIII
IOIII
IIMIII
IIIIII
IUIII
IMIU
MIN
IMIU
MM
MIIN
REIM
MIIM
MIM
MM
IUM
MIM
IRIM
MIU
IMIM
UIM
IMIII
IMIIM
MIII
IMIII
OIIII
IIIIII
nam
assa
mora
mam
ora
mom
mum
mar
nm
aam
mum
mulo
mm
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mir
s m
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mum
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mm
mm
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mo
RN
1111M
R111
111111
111111
111111
111111
111111
1111:1
1111
1111
111
1111
111M
MO
M1111
111111
M1111
111111
111111
1111
111111
1111
1111
1111
i 111
1111
1111
111•1
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
1111
11111
111111
111111
111111
111111
101111
111111
111111
111111
1aa
aaII
IMM
Ill
111111
111111
111111
11111M
INN
IMM
MIM
IMM
IMIE
umm
aum
mm
nm
umas 1
111111
111111
111111
111111
1EM
EM
MI
111111
111111
111111
111111
111111
111111
1111
111111
1111E
MM
INIM
IM
UM
a. 1111=
1111111
111111
111111
111111
111111
1
