NallReport 2019 Final REV0120 - AOPA · 28th Joseph T. Nall Report General Aviation Accidents in 2016 Non-commercial ﬁxed-wing: Takeo˚ and climb ©copyright 2019 AOPA Air Safety

28th Joseph T. Nall Report General Aviation Accidents in 2016

Non-commercial fixed-wing

Number of accidents Number of aircraft* Number of fatal accidents Lethality (percent) Fatalities

1036105115915.3283

*Each aircraft involved in a collision is counted separately.

Figure 1.1: General Aviation Accidents in 2016Non-commercial fixed-wing

Figure 1.2: General Aviation Accident Trends 2007-2016Non-commercial fixed-wing

0

300

600

900

1200

1500

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

1316

244

1231

223233

215 227 218167

196 197159

1179 1161 1184 1163

961 956 970

1036

©copyright 2019 AOPA Air Safety Institute

Pilot Related Mechanical Other/Unknown

75518596

72.9%17.9%9.3%

1211622

76.1%10.1%13.8%

Non-CommercialAll Accidents Fatal Accidents

Figure 1.4: General Aviation Accidents in 2016

0

2

4

6

8

10

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 1.3: General Aviation Accident Rates 2007-2016Non-commercial fixed-wing

6.546.22

6.596.30

1.21 1.131.30

1.17

6.55

1.231.01 1.19 1.13

0.87

5.81 5.80 5.58 5.67

NO DATA

Figure 1.5: Aircraft class: Non-commercial fixed-wing Accidents Fatal Accidents Lethalitiy

Single-engine fixed-gear SEF tailwheel Single-engine retractable Single-engine turbine Multiengine Multiengine turbine

780324193217821

74.2%

18.4%

7.4%

10237434193

62.2%

26.2%

11.6%

13.1%11.4%22.3%19.0%24.4%14.3




Figure 1.6: Type of operation: Non-commercial fixed-wing

Personal Instructional Public use Positioning Aerial observation Business Executive / corporate Other work use Other or unknown

7711817129

231

2423

73.4%17.2%0.7%1.1%0.9%2.2%0.1%2.3%2.2%

127163214065

77.4%9.8%1.8%1.2%0.6%2.4%0.0%3.7%3.0%

2232353370145

78.8%8.1%1.8%1.1%1.1%2.5%0.0%4.9%1.8%

Accidents Fatal Accidents Fatalities

Accidents Fatal Accidents Lethality

Figure 1.8: Pilots involvedNon-commercial fixed-wing

ATP Commercial Private Sport Student Other or unknown Second pilot on board CFI on board* IFR pilot on board*

20026547919808

192273570

19.0%25.2%45.6%1.8%7.6%0.8%18.3%26.0%54.2%

354876221

464697

21.3%29.3%46.3%1.2%1.2%0.6%28.0%28.0%59.1%

17.5%18.1%

15.9%10.5%2.5%

12.5%24.0%16.8%17.0%

*Includes single-pilot flights.


Figure 1.7: Flight Conditions: Non-commercial fixed-wing

Day VMC Night VMC* Day IMC Night IMC* Unknown

923822353

89.1%7.9%2.2%0.5%0.3%

12521652

78.60%13.20%3.80%3.10%1.30%

2233611132

78.20%12.60%3.90%4.60%0.70%

*Includes dusk.




NO DATA

0

2

4

6

8

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 1.10: Pilot-Related Accident Rates 2007-2016

4.77

0.95 0.92 1.00 0.94 1.000.77 0.93 0.86

0.66

4.694.91 4.82 4.92

4.34 4.414.20 4.13

0

200

400

600

800

1000

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 1.9: Pilot-related Accident trend961

191

927

182 179 190 177

127153

149121

174

878888

928

873

719 727 730755




Figure 1.11: Types of pilot-related accidents

Weather Descent / approach

Maneuvering Fuel management

Takeo� and climb

Other pilot-related

Landing

334

6

133

36

121

24

7

2511

12

6343

3823




0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

0

100

200

300

400

500

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 1.1.1: Landing accident trend

416 411

351360 368

343

282 282

263

334

6364729347

Figure 1.1.2: Types of landing accidents

0

50

100

150

200

Long —other

Bird or animal strike

Airspeed —short

Short —other

Airspeed —long

Gear operation

Runway conditions

Hard —other

Airspeed —stall

Loss of control

156

41

49

46

26

17 14 137 5

11


Non-commercial fixed-wing: Landing




Non-commercial fixed-wing: Landing

1.1%

6.3%

0.%


Figure 1.1.3: Aircraft involved in landing accidents:Non-commercial fixed-wing


269129482178

80.5%

14.4%

5.1%

303000

50.0%

50.0%

0.0%

*Includes dusk.

2.0%1.4%2.5%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%2.7%1.9%


Figure 1.1.5: Pilots involved in landing accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing


5171

1606

442

4575158

15.3%21.3%47.9%1.8%13.2%0.6%13.5%22.5%47.3%

114000023

16.7%16.7%66.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%33.3%50.0%


Figure 1.1.4: Flight conditions of landing accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing

1.9%


Day VMC Night VMC* Day IMC

310204

92.8%6.0%1.2%

600

100.0%


Non-commercial fixed-wing: Other-pilot related

66.7%38.5%9.3%


Figure 1.2.1: 'Other' and unclassified accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing

Not yet assigned Other Other (power loss)

33954

3.1%40.6%56.3%

2155

9.1%68.2%22.7%



Non-commercial fixed-wing: Takeo� and climb


0

50

100

150

200

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 1.3.1: takeo� and climb accident trend

142

2927

23 25 2621

13

2820

24

136

154

140146 149

127

114110

121

0

10

20

30

40

50

Delayed abort Collided with object

Runway conditions

Aircraft configuration

Weight / density altitude

Stalled or settled on take-o�

Loss of control

Figure 1.3.2: Types of takeo� and climb accidents50

42

8

12 10

6 54

1

4

3


Non-commercial fixed-wing: Takeo� and climb


16.5%7.9%26.7%0.0%44.4%0.0%


Figure 1.3.3: Aircraft involved in takeo� and climb accidents:Non-commercial fixed-wing


973815291

80.2%

12.4%

7.4%

1634040

66.7%

16.7%

16.7%

19.8%20.0%

Accidents Lethality

Figure 1.3.4: Flight conditions of takeo� and climb accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing

Day VMC Night VMC*

11110

91.7%8.3%

222

91.7%8.3%

*Includes dusk.

Fatal Accidents

Figure 1.3.5: Pilots involved in takeo� and climb accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing

16.0%17.9%24.1%10.0%26.3%20.0%18.8%


ATP Commercial Private Student Second pilot on board CFI on board* IFR pilot on board*

25285810193064

20.7%23.1%47.9%8.3%15.7%24.8%52.9%

451415612

16.7%20.8%58.3%4.2%20.8%25.0%50.0%



Non-commercial fixed-wing: Fuel management


0

20

40

60

80

100

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 1.4.1: Fuel management accident trend

90

9 8

15 13 1410 10

7

14

7

75

86

94 96

80

70

7781

63

Figure 1.4.2: Types of fuel management accidents

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Contamination Systems operation Flight planning

3130

23

4


Non-commercial fixed-wing: Fuel management


7.3%

20.0%14.3%


Single-engine fixed-gear SEF tailwheel Single-engine retractable Multiengine

4111157

65.1%

23.8%11.1%

3031

42.9%

42.9%14.3%

Figure 1.4.3: Aircraft involved in fuel management accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing

12.5%15.0%9.7%0.0%9.1%18.8%16.7%


Figure 1.4.5: Pilots involved in fuel management accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing


820314111636

12.7%31.7%49.2%6.3%17.5%25.4%57.1%

1330136

14.3%42.9%42.9%0.0%14.3%42.9%85.7%



Figure 1.4.4: Flight conditions of fuel management accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing


49113

77.8%17.5%4.8%

430

57.1%42.9%0.0%

8.2%27.3%0.0%

*Includes dusk.


Non-commercial fixed-wing: Maneuvering


Figure 1.5.2: Types of maneuvering accidents

0

5

10

15

20

25

Mountains / canyons Aerobatics Wires / structures / terrain Stall / LOC

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 1.5.1: maneuvering accident trend

65

24

11

7

1

54

15

68

74

5759

55

47

53

44 43

25

3229

26

3236

31

41

46

41


Non-commercial fixed-wing: Maneuvering


60.6%65.0%33.3%75.0%50.0%


Figure 1.5.3: Aircraft involved in maneuvering accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing

Single-engine fixed-gear SEF tailwheel Single-engine retractable Multiengine Multiengine turbine

3320642

76.7%

14.0%9.3%

2013231

80.0%

8.0%12.0%

58.10%


Figure 1.5.4: Flight conditions of maneuvering accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing

Day VMC 43 100.0% 25 100.0%

66.7%60.0%54.5%0.0%90.9%62.5%60.7%


Figure 1.5.5: Pilots involved in maneuvering accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing

ATP Commercial Private Sport Second pilot on board CFI on board* IFR pilot on board*

1515112111628

34.9%34.9%25.6%4.7%25.6%37.2%65.1%

10960101017

40.0%36.0%24.0%0.0%40.0%40.0%68.0%



Non-commercial fixed-wing: Descent/approach


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 1.6.1: Descent and approach accident trend

Figure 1.6.2: Types of decent and approach accidents

0

3

6

9

12

15

Deficient IAPs Loss of power Stalls / spins Collisions

66

27

5

15 14

5

4

3 3

54

26

17

25 26 24

15 14 15

11

44 46

58

52

33

44 44

38


Non-commercial fixed-wing: Descent/approach


21.4%20.0%50.0%50.0%50.0%100.0%


Figure 1.6.3: Aircraft involved in descent and approach accidents:Non-commercial fixed-wing


28108221

73.7%

21.1%

5.3%

624111

54.5%

36.4%

9.1%

42.9%33.3%25.0%0.0%0.0%36.4%20.0%36.0%


Figure 1.6.5: Pilots involved in descent and approach accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing

ATP Commercial Private Sport Other or unknown Second pilot on board CFI on board* IFR pilot on board*

79

2011111025

18.4%23.7%52.6%2.6%2.6%28.9%26.3%65.8%

33500429

27.3%27.3%45.5%0.0%0.0%36.4%18.2%81.8%


*Includes dusk.

Figure 1.6.4: Flight conditions of descent and approach accidents:Non-commercial fixed-wing

16.0%37.5%66.7%100.0%


Day VMC Night VMC* Day IMC Night IMC*

25832

65.8%21.1%7.9%5.3%

4322

36.4%27.3%18.2%18.2%


Non-commercial fixed-wing: Weather


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 1.7.1: weather accident trend

56

44

54

38

65

47

52

36

56

42

51

3841

30

36

28

39

30

23

12

Figure 1.7.2: Types of weather accidents

0

3

6

9

12

15

Icing Poor IFR technique

Thunderstorm Turbulence VFR into IMC

13

7

4

1

3

2 2

1


Non-commercial fixed-wing: Weather


43.8%20.0%60.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%


Figure 1.7.3: Aircraft involved in weather accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing


1655121

69.6%

21.7%

8.7%

713121

58.3%

25.0%

16.7%

*Includes dusk.

50.0%100.0%22.2%100.0%100.0%


Figure 1.7.4: Flight conditions of weather accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing

Day VMC Night VMC* Day IMC Night IMC* Unknown

82922

34.8%8.7%39.1%8.7%8.7%

42222

33.3%16.7%16.7%16.7%16.7%


50.0%50.0%58.3%0.0%40.0%16.7%36.4%

Figure 1.7.5: Pilots involved in weather accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing


281215611

8.7%34.8%52.2%4.3%21.7%26.1%47.8%

1470214

8.3%33.3%58.3%0.0%16.7%8.3%33.3%



Non-commercial fixed-wing: Mechanical


0

50

100

150

200

250

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 1.8.1: mechanical accident trend

210

2315

22 17 13 11 1216 16 16

171166

155147

160

129 129

140

185

Figure 1.8.2: Types of mechanical accidents

0

20

40

60

80

100

InstrumentsElectricalAirframe Fuel systemGear and brakes

Powerplant

81

45

35

12 11

2 1 158


Non-commercial fixed-wing: Mechanical


10.2%16.0%2.8%25.0%0.0%0.0%21.6%16.1%9.6%


Figure 1.8.5: Pilots involved in mechanical accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing


495072491

3756115

26.5%27.0%38.9%2.2%4.9%0.5%20.0%30.3%62.2%

5821008911

31.3%50.0%12.5%6.3%0.0%0.0%50.0%56.3%68.8%


Figure 1.8.3: Aircraft involved in mechanical accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing Accidents Fatal Accidents Lethalitiy


11445538183

61.6%

28.6%

9.7%

1044020

62.5%

25.0%

12.5%

8.8%8.9%7.5%

11.1%

Figure 1.8.4: Flight conditions of mechanical accidents: Non-commercial fixed-wing

*Includes dusk.

Accidents Fatal Accidents Lethalitiy


17582

94.6%4.3%1.1%

1510

93.8%6.3%0.0%

8.6%12.5%0.0%


Commercial fixed-wing



646519

29.733


Figure 2.1: General Aviation Accidents in 2016Commercial fixed-wing

0

30

60

90

120

150

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 2.2: General Aviation Accident Trends 2007-2016Commercial fixed-wing

13

109

127

81 83

113

79 81

67

76

64

16

2

7

16

812 11

8

19

NO DATA




0

2

4

6

8

10

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 2.3: General Aviation Accident Rates 2007-2016Commercial fixed-wing

2.56

0.31

4.53

0.57

0.07 0.25

3.01 2.972.62

0.27 0.37 0.32 0.240.59

2.50

1.972.30

1.98

Pilot Related Mechanical Other/Unknown

5095

78.1%14.1%7.8%

1621

84.2%10.5%5.3%

CommercialAll Accidents Fatal Accidents

Figure 2.4: General Aviation Accidents in 2016




*Includes dusk.

Accidents Fatal Accidents

Aircraft Class Commercial fixed-wing

Single-engine fixed-gear SEF tailwheel Single-engine turbine

403926

100.0% 131312

100.0%


Figure 2.5: Commercial fixed-wing Accidents

Aerial application (137) Charter or cargo (135)

4025

61.5%38.5%

137

65.0%35.0%

1320

39.4%60.6%

32.5%33.3%46.2%

Lethality

Part 135:

Part 137:

Single-engine fixed-gear SEF tailwheel Single-engine turbine Single-engine retractable Multiengine Multiengine turbine

1656186

64.0%

4.0%32.0%

403032

57.1%

0.0%42.9%

25.0%0.0%50.0%0.0%37.5%33.3%

Flight conditions:Commercial fixed-wing

Part 135:

Part 137: Accidents Fatal Accidents

Day VMC Night VMC*

373

92.5%7.5%

130

100.0%0.0%

35.1%0.0%

Lethality

Day VMC Night VMC* Day IMC Night IMC*

16342

64.0%12.0%16.0%8.0%

2221

28.6%28.6%28.6%14.3%

12.5%66.7%50.0%50.0%




Pilots involved in commercial fixed-wing accidents

Part 137: Types of Commercial fixed-wing accidents

100.0%50.0%0.0%0.0%33.3%100.0%0.0%16.7%0.0%40.0%

Part 135

Collision Descent / approach Landing Maneuvering Mechanical Other (power loss) Pre-flight Take-o� Taxi Weather

1221312625

4.0%8.0%8.0%4.0%12.0%4.0%8.0%24.0%8.0%20.0%

1100110102

14.3%14.3%0.0%0.0%14.3%14.3%0.0%14.3%0.0%28.6%

Part 137:

Part 135:

100.0%0.0%0.0%50.0%16.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%


Collision Fuel management Landing Maneuvering Mechanical Other Other (power loss) Take-o�

234

206221

5.0%7.5%10.0%50.0%15.0%5.0%5.0%2.5%

200101000

15.4%0.0%0.0%76.9%7.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%


ATP Commercial CFI on board* IFR pilot on board*

238617

5.0%95.0%15.0%42.5%

01326

0.0%100.0%15.4%46.2%

0.0%34.2%33.3%35.3%


ATP Commercial Second pilot on board CFI on board* IFR pilot on board*

1692

1025

64.0%36.0%8.0%40.0%100.0%

43147

57.1%42.9%14.3%57.1%100.0%

25.0%33.3%50.0%40.0%28.0%


Non-commercial helicopter


Figure 3.2: Major causes: Helicopter general aviation accidents

Pilot-related Mechanical

6712

84.8%15.2%

113

78.6%21.4%

Fatal AccidentsAll Accidents

Non-Commercial

0

30

60

90

120

150

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 3.3: General Aviation Accident Trends 2007-2016Non-commercial helicopter

145

116

126

99 101

127

105108

90

79


797914

17.724


Figure 3.1: General Aviation Accidents in 2016Non-commercial helicopter




NO DATA

0

2

4

6

8

10

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 3.4: General Aviation Accident Rates 2007-2016Non-commercial helicopter

7.51

6.64

7.22

5.29

0.83

1.320.92

1.07

8.02

1.20

7.37

1.40

6.28

0.81

5.15

0.63

4.61

0.82

Figure 3.5: Aircraft class: Non-commercial helicopter

Single-engine piston Single-engine turbine Multiengine turbine

45295

57.0%36.7%6.3%

482

28.6%57.1%14.3%

4164

16.7%66.7%16.7%





Figure 3.6: Type of operation: Non-commercial helicopter Accidents Fatal Accidents Fatalities

Personal Instructional Public use Positioning Aerial observation Business Other work use Other or unknown

23181047557

29.1%22.8%12.7%5.1%8.9%6.3%6.3%8.9%

41113112

28.6%7.1%7.1%7.1%21.4%7.1%7.1%14.3%

61127115

25.0%4.2%4.2%8.3%29.2%4.2%4.2%20.8%

Figure 3.7: Flight conditions: Non-commercial helicopter

*Includes dusk.


Day VMC Night VMC* Day IMC Night IMC

72421

91.1%5.1%2.5%1.3%

10121

71.4%7.1%14.3%7.1%

19122

79.2%4.2%8.3%8.3%

Figure 3.8: Pilots involved in accidentsNon-commercial helicopter Accidents Fatal Accidents Fatalities

ATP Commercial Private Student Other or unknown Second pilot on board CFI on board* IFR pilot on board*

16451323

254356

20.3%57.0%16.5%2.5%3.8%31.6%54.4%70.9%

581004812

35.7%57.1%7.1%0.0%0.0%28.6%57.1%85.7%

111210081722

45.8%50.0%4.2%0.0%0.0%33.3%70.8%91.7%





50.0%0.0%0.0%14.3%25.0%25.0%0.0%8.7%0.0%0.0%80.0%


Figure 3.9: Types of non-commercial helicopter accidents

External load Fuel management Landing Maneuvering Mechanical Other / miscellaneousPre-flight / staticRotorcraft aerodynamicsTake-o� / climb Taxi / ground operationsWeather

227712122

23255

2.5%2.5%8.9%8.9%15.2%15.2%2.5%29.1%2.5%6.3%6.3%

10013302004

7.1%0.0%0.0%7.1%21.4%21.4%0.0%14.3%0.0%0.0%28.6%


Commercial helicopter


Figure 4.2: Major causes: Helicopter general aviation accidents

Pilot-related Mechanical

278

77.1%22.9%

21

66.7%33.3%

Fatal AccidentsAll Accidents

Commercial

0

10

20

30

40

50

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 4.3: General Aviation Accident Trends 2007-2016Commercial helicopter

37

31 31

34 35 3536

41

36

40

7 7

45

7

4

78

7

3


35353

8.66


Figure 4.1: General Aviation Accidents in 2016Commercial helicopter

NO DATA




0

2

4

6

8

10

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 4.4: General Aviation Accident Rates 2007-2016Commercial helicopter

2.82

2.102.46

2.221.93

2.692.36

2.59 2.48

0.53 0.47 0.32 0.33 0.210.46 0.53 0.45

0.21




*Includes dusk.

Figure 4.5: Summary of Accidents: Commercial helicopter Accidents Fatal Accidents Fatalities

Aerial application (137)Single-engine piston Single-engine turbineDay VMC Night VMC* ATP Commercial Other or unknown

Charter or cargo (135)Single-engine turbine Multi-engine turbineDay VMC Night VMC*NIght IMC* ATP Commercial

External load (133) Single-engine turbineDay VMCATP Commercial

218131832172

11927221

10

33312

60.0%38.1%61.9%85.7%14.3%9.5%81.0%9.5%

31.4%81.8%18.2%63.6%18.2%18.2%9.1%90.9%

8.6%100.0%100.0%33.3%66.7%

10110010

11000110

11101

33.3%0.0%100.0%100.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%0.0%

33.0%100.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%100.0%0.0%

33.3%100.0%100.0%0.0%100.0%

10110010

44000440

11101

16.7%0.0%100.0%100.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%0.0%

66.7%100.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%100.0%0.0%

16.7%100.0%100.0%0.0%100.0%


Experimental and light sport aircraft


0

50

100

150

200

250

2016201520142013201220112010200920082007

Figure 5.1: Fixed-wing amateur-built accident trend

228

5663

70

47

6056

31

60

44

30

223

247

198

240224

161

194

168163


Experimental and light sport aircraft


0.0%0.0%14.3%0.0%12.5%100.0%2.9%75.0%13.6%100.0%33.3%12.5%0.0%50.0%0.0%20.8%0.0%0.0%0.0%


Figure 5.2: Types of fixed-wing amateur-built accidents

Collision Cruise Descent / approach Fuel management Go-around Incapacitation Landing Maneuvering Mechanical Not yet assigned Other Other (power loss) Other / miscellaneous Pre-flight Rotorcraft aerodynamics Take-o� Take-o� / climb Taxi Weather

227481

3412441316142

24111

1.2%1.2%4.2%2.4%4.8%0.6%20.2%7.1%26.2%0.6%1.8%9.5%0.6%2.4%1.2%14.3%0.6%0.6%0.6%

0010111961120205000

0.0%0.0%3.3%0.0%3.3%3.3%3.3%30.0%20.0%3.3%3.3%6.7%0.0%6.7%0.0%16.7%0.0%0.0%0.0%

8.0%18.7%16.5%38.5%40.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%


Figure 5.3: Types of amateur-built aircraft involved in accidents

E-LSA Single-engine fixed-gear SEF tailwheel Single-engine retractable Single-engine turbine Multiengine Multiengine turbine Helicopter

2512385135215

14.9%73.2%

7.7%

1.2%

3.0%

2231452000

6.7%76.7%

16.7%

0.0%

0.0%

Documents

NallReport 2019 Final REV0120 - AOPA · 28th Joseph T. Nall Report General Aviation Accidents in 2016 Non-commercial ﬁxed-wing: Takeo˚ and climb ©copyright 2019 AOPA Air Safety