6

10400

. 0 - 2299 - 4813 0 - 2299 - 4797

..2551

.1561-51.1565-51

. 1561-51 . 1565-51 ISBN 978-974-16-5837-4

1 .. 2551 200

1. (. 1561-51) 1. 1 2. 1 3. 3 4. 3 5. 3 6. 6 7. 10 8. 10

1 11

2 12

2. (. 1562-51) 1. 15 2. 15 3. 18 4. 19 5. 19 6. 21 7. 28 8. 34 9. 34 10. 34

1 35

2 36 3 41

3. (. 1563-51)

1. 43 2. 43 3. 45 4. 45 5. 46 6. 47 7. 48 8. 48 9. 48 10. 49

1 50 2 51

4.

( . 1564-51) 1. 57 2. 57 3. 59 4. 59 5. 60 6. 62 7. 62 8. 62

9. 63 1

64 2 65

5. (. 1565-51) 1. 67 2. 67 3. 69 4. 69 5. 70 6. 71 7. 76 8. 79 9. 79 10. 79

1 81

2 82 3 86 4 92 5 AWS D1.1/D1.1M 95

. 1561-51: 1

. 1561-51

(Standard Method for Weldment Examination in Steel Structure with Visual Method)

1. 1.1

1.2 (Heat Affected Zone)

1.3

1.4 1.4.1 690 (7,036

) 1.4.2 3 1.4.3 SI (International System Units)

1 9.806 2. (Weld) (Visual Examination) (Acceptance Criteria)

2 . 1561-51:

(Welding Procedure Specification) (Discontinuity) (Steel Structure) 690 (7,036 ) 3 (Heat Affected Zone) (Inspection Report) (Written Procedure) (Operator) (Flux) (Atmospheric Contamination) (Weld Bead) (Defect) (Work Procedure) (Base Metal) (Slag)

. 1561-51: 3

3. 3.1 ASTM A514/A514M-05: Standard Specification for High-Yield-Strength, Quenched and

Tempered Alloy Steel Plate, Suitable for Welding. 3.2 ASTM A517/A517M-06: Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel,

High-Strength, Quenched and Tempered. 3.3 ASTM A709/A709M-07: Standard Specification for Structural Steel for Bridges. 4. 4.1

. 1 . . 0.1 . . 2-5 . .

4.2 (Borescope) (Fiber Optic) (Endoscope) (Video Camera) 12

5. 5.1

5.1.1 25 (Slag)

5.1.2 300 30 ( 1)

4 . 1561-51:

1

: BS EN 970:1997 Page 3 ( 6.1.2)

5.1.3 350 500 5.1.4

5.1.5

5.1.6

ASTM A514 ASTM A517 ASTM A709 100W 48

5.2 5 5.2.1

5.2.1.1 5.2.1.2 5.2.1.3

5.2.2 5.2.2.1

150

. 1561-51: 5

5.2.2.2

5.2.2.3

5.2.2.4

5.2.3 5.2.3.1 (Slag) 5.2.3.2 (Grinding) 5.2.3.3 ( 1) 5.2.3.4

5.2.3.5 5.2.3.6 () 5.2.3.7

5.2.4 5.2.4.1 5.2.4.2 5.2.4.3 ()

5.2.5 5.2.5.1

5.2.5.2 5.2.5.3 () 5.2.5.4

5.3 (Written Procedure) 5.3.1 --

5.3.2 5.3.3

6 . 1561-51:

5.3.4 5.3.5 5.3.6

5.4 (Work Procedure)

6. 1 2.1 2

1 1)

( 5.2.3.3, 6)

1. (Crack) 2. (Porosity) 2.1.

. (Butt Joint) (Groove) (Full Penetration)

. ( .) (Fillet)

1 . (1/32 ) (1) 10 . (3/8 )

25 . (1 ) (2) 20 . (3/4 )

300 . (12 ) : 1) 2.1 2

. 1561-51: 7

1 () 1) ( 5.2.3.3, 6)

2. ()

(Porosity) 2.2. .

. ( .)

1 100 . (4 ) 2.5 . (3/32 )

. (Fillet) .1.

1 100 . (4 ) 2.5 . (3/32 )

.2 2) (Stiffener) (Web)

(1) 10 . (3/8 )

25 . (1 ) (2) 20 . (3/4 )

300 . (12 ) 3

(Crater Cross Section)

(Intermittent Fillet Weld)

: 1) 2.1 2 2) (Stiffeners)

8 . 1561-51:

1 () 1) ( 5.2.3.3, 5)

4. (Undercut)

4.1.

. 25 . (1 )

(1) 1 . (1/32 )

(2) 2 .(1/16 ) 50 . (2 ) 300 . (12 )

. 25 . (1 )

2 .(1/16 )

4.2. . (Primary Members)

0.25 . (0.01 )

. . 1 . (1/32 )

5.

(Undersized Weld)

5.1. 10

5.2 (Fillet Weld) (Web) (Flange)

5.3 (Fillet Weld) (Specified Nominal Size: L) . L 5 . (3/16 )

2 . (1/16 )

. L = 6 . (1/4 ) 2.5 . (3/32 )

. L 8 . (5/16 ) 3 . (1/8 )

: 1) 2.1 2

. 1561-51: 9

1 () 1) ( 5.2.3.3, 6)

6. (Convexity)

(Fillet Weld) (Width of Weld Face: W) . W 8 . (W 5/16 ) 2 . (1/16 ) . 8 < W < 25 . (5/16 < W < 1 ) 3 . (1/8 ) . W 25 . (W 1 ) 5 . (3/16 )

7. (Overlap)

8. (Incomplete Fusion)

9. (Reinforcement)

3 . (1/8 )

10. (Underfill)

11.

(Flush Surface)

.

5 1 . (1/32 )

. (Reinforcement)

1 . (1/32 )

: 1) 2.1 2

10 . 1561-51:

1 () 1) ( 5.2.3.3, 6)

12. (Surface Finishing)

(Grinding) 6.3 (0.0063 125 ) . (Primary Stress)

3.2 6.3 (0.0032 0.0063 . 125 250 )

. 3.2 (0.0032 . 125 )

: 1) 2.1 2 7. 7.1

7.2 .. 1561 1)

8. 8.1 American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME Boiler And Pressure Vessel Code,

Section V, An International Code, Non Destructive Examination, July 1, 2004 Edition, Printed in the United States of America.

8.2 American Welding Society AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006: Structural Welding Code Steel, An American National Standard, Printed in the United States of America, Reprinted March 2006.

8.3 British Standard BS EN 970-1997: Non Destructive Examination of Fusion Welds-Visual Examination.

. 1561-51: 11

1 .. 1561

()

..1561

........................................................ .. . ....

: : : : : : .. ................................... : : ............................. : / ...............

() / /

: ()..........................................

- () - ()

12 . 1561-51:

2

2.1 AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006 Figure 5.4

( 7, 1)

. 1561-51: 13

2.1 (Convexity)

( 2.1)

(W) 1) (Convexity: C)

W 8 . (W 5/16 ) 2 . (1/16 )

8 . < W < 25 . (5/16 < W < 1 ) 3 . (1/8 )

W 8 . (W 1 ) 5 . (3/16 ) : 1)

14 . 1561-51:

. 1562-51: 15

. 1562-51

(Standard Method for Weldment Examination in Steel Structure

with Ultrasonic Testing) 1. 1.1

(Butt Weld) 8 200 (Groove Weld)

1.2

1.3

1.4 1.4.1 690 (7,036

) 1.4.2 8 200 1.4.3 SI (International System Units)

1 9.806 2. (Scanning) (Weld) 1 6

16 . 1562-51:

(Attenuation) ( - (Shear Wave) 2 25 25 ) (Acceptance Criteria) (Horizontal Reference Line) (Discontinuity) (Steel Structure) 690 (7036 ) 8 200 (dB) (Reference Reflector) (UT Reference Blocks) (IIW) AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006 (Heat Affected Zone) (Inspection Report) (Written Procedure)

. 1562-51: 17

(Operator) (Weld Bead) (Defect) (Indication) (False indication) (Peak Echo) (Indication Rating) 2 4 (Indication Level) (Reference Level) (Horizontal Reference-Line Height Indication) (Zero Reference Level) (Work Procedure) (Sound Path Distance) (Base Metal) (Leg) 1

18 . 1562-51:

1 (Leg)

: AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Annex K, Page 32 ( 2)

(Amplitude) A-Scan (Peak) (A-Scan Rectified Presentation) 3. (Written Procedure) 3.1 3.2 3.3 (Probe) 3.4 3.5 (Couplant) 3.6

3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13

LEG I LEG II

. 1562-51: 19

3.14 ()

3.15 () 3.16 () 3.17 3.18 4. 4.1 - (Pulse Echo

Ultrasonic Instrument) A-Scan 1 6 4.2 (Straight-Beam Search Unit Longitudinal Wave

Search Unit) 323 645 2 4 2.3 2

4.3 (Angle-Beam Search Unit) 4.3.1 2 4 4.3.2

15 25 (5/8 13/16 ) 15 20 (5/8 1 ) 3 2

4.3.3 2 70 60 45 3.2 2

4.3.4 3.1 2

4.3.5 25.4 4 2

5. 5.1

20 . 1562-51:

5.2 30 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5

5.3 5.3.1 A

5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.2

5.3.3

50 75

5.4 5.4.1

(1) ( 2.1 2.2 2)

(2) 125 250 400 500 3.3 2 :

5.4.2 (Zero Reference Level) ( b .. 1562 1) 4 3.4 2

. 1562-51: 21

6. (Testing Procedures) 6.1 (X-Line)

6.1.1 () (Centerline) ( C 1)

6.1.2 6.2 (Y-Line)

6.2.1 (Weld Identification) 6.2.2 A ( 1) 6.2.3 6.2.4

6.3 ()

6.4 (Couplants) 6.4.1

(Wetting Agent)

6.4.2

6.5 (Extent of Testing) 6.5.1

(Laminar Reflectors) 4.2 5.3

22 . 1562-51:

A

6.5.2 1 3 6.5.3

1 6.5.2.1

. 1561-51 6.5.2.2 A B 6.5.2.3

6.6 4.3 5.4 (Calibrated Gain Control) 3 5 6.6.1 1 6.6.2

3.1 3 ()

6.6.3 a . . 1562 d

. 1562-51: 23

6.6.4 (Attenuation Factor: c) . . 1562 25 2 ( 0.5 0.5 )

6.6.5 d .. 1562 1 6.6.5.1

a b c = d (1) 6.6.5.2

b a c = d (2) 6.7

3 6.8

6.8.1 2 (1) (2) 7 ( 2 4 )

6.8.2 . . 1562 1

6.9

24 . 1562-51:

1 () ( 6.1.1, 6.2.2, 6.5.3, 6.6.1)

() 1)

3) 2)

(1/4 )

()

(1/4 )

1 70 70 70

2 60 60 60

3 45 45 45

4 60 70 70

5 45 70 70

6 70 (G,A) 70 60

7 60 (B) 70 60

8 70 (G,A) 60 60

9 70 (G,A) 60 45

10 60 (B) 60 60

11 45 (B) 70 45

12 70 (G, A) 45 70 (G, B) 13 45 (B) 45 45

14 70 (G, A) 45 45

15 70 (G, A) 70 (G, B) 70 (G, B) : 1) 1 (6) (7) 2) 1 1 (7)

3) ( I 1 ())

()

. 1562-51: 25

1 () ()

( 6.1.1, 6.2.2, 6.5.3, 6.6.1) (.1) ( 8 110 ) 1), 2)

3)

() 8 38 >38 45 >45 60 >60 90 >90 110

* * * * * I II I II I II I II I II

1 O 1 F 1G 4 F 1G

5 F 6

7 F

1 O 1 F XF 4 F

XF 5 F

XF 7 F

XF

1 O 1 F XF 1G

4 F

XF 1G

5 F

XF 6

7 F

XF 1 O 1 O

1G 4 1**

1G 3

P1 P3

6 7 P3

(.2) ( 110 200 ) 1), 2)

3)

() >110 130 >130 160 > 160 180 >180 200

* * * * I II I II I II I II

8 10 F 9

11 F 12

13 F 12 F

10 F XF 11 F

XF 13 F

XF - -

8 10

F XF

9 11

F XF

13 14

F XF

- -

11 15 P3

11 15 P3

11 15 P3

11 15** P3

: 1) . I 1 () . II 1 (6) (7)

2) 1 3) 1 1 (7)

()

26 . 1562-51:

1 () 1 1

( 6.1.1, 6.2.2, 6.5.3, 6.6.1)

X

X

A A

B B

X

X

A

B C

X

X

A

B C

X

X

(Transmitter) (Receiver)

-

X

X

A

1 ()

1 1 (1) A Leg I

(2) (Roots)

A Leg I A ( )

(3) Leg II Leg III () () () () 6.6.2

(4) Leg III Leg I Leg II

()

. 1562-51: 27

1 () 1 ()

( 6.1.1, 6.2.2, 6.5.3, 6.6.1) 1 () (5) (Cyclic loading)

() ( A) (Final leg) B A

() ( B) A B

() A Leg II B Leg I

(6) 1G, 6, 8, 9, 12, 14 15 A

(7) 1 () X C () G () O () A (

) () B A () () C () * II 1 ()

I () ** 1 () 400

500 () P (Tandem)

45 70 ( )

() F 70 60 45

: AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006, Table 6.7

28 . 1562-51:

7. 7.1 (Statically Loaded Nontubular

Connections) 7.1.1 7.1.2

2 3 7.1.2

7.1.2.1 A B C D ( 3.1 3) 2 3 25

7.1.2.2 E ( 3.1 3) 2 3

7.1.2.3 2 3

7.1.3 ( B 3.1 3)

7.1.4 20 ( 70 ) 45 ( 45 ) ( . 1565-51 )

7.2 (Cyclically Loaded Nontubular Connections) 7.2.1

7.2.1.1 4 5

7.2.1.2 2 3

. 1562-51: 29

7.2.2 (Planar Discontinuities) 7.2.2.1

( B 5 3)

7.2.2.2 () ( . 1565-51 )

7.2.3 7.2.3.1 A B C

D ( 3.1 3) 2 3 25

7.2.3.2 E ( 3.1 3) 2 3

7.2.3.3 4 5

30 . 1562-51:

2

( 2, 6.6, 6.8.1, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.1, 7.1.2.2, 7.1.2.3, 7.2.1.2, 7.2.3.1, 7.2.3.1, 7.2.3.2)

6)

T7)() () 8T 20 20

. 1562-51: 31

2 ()

( 2, 6.6, 6.8.1, 7.1.1, 7.1.2.1, 7.1.2.2, 7.1.2.3, 7.2.1.2, 7.2.3.1, 7.2.3.2)

() 2 5) 4

. A (: Large Discontinuities)

. B (: Medium Discontinuities) 20

. C (: Small Discontinuities) 50

. D (: Minor Discontinuities )

6) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006, Table 6.2

3

( 7.1.1, 7.1.2.1, 7.1.2.2, 7.1.2.3, 7.2.1.2, 7.2.3.1, 7.2.3.2, 2)

, SP1)

()

() SP 65 14

65 < SP 125 19 125 < SP 250 29 250 < SP 380 39

: 1) (SP) 2 () 2)

3 6.6.5 4 ( d 4 )

: AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006, Table 6.2

32 . 1562-51:

4 (Cyclic loading)

( 2, 6.6, 6.8.1, 7.2.1.1, 7.2.3.3)

5)

T6)() ()

8T 20 20

. 1562-51: 33

4 () (Cyclic Loading)

( 2, 6.6, 6.8.1, 7.2.1.1, 7.2.3.3) () 4 4) 4

. A : Large Discontinuities)

. B (: Medium Discontinuities) 20

. C (: Small Discontinuities) (1) 50 (2) 20

. D (: Minor Discontinuities)

5) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006, Table 6.3

5

(Cyclic Loading) ( 7.2.1.1, 7.2.3.3, 4)

, SP1) ()

()

SP 65 20 65 < SP 125 25 125 < SP 250 35 250 < SP 380 45

: 1) (SP) 2 () 2)

5 6.6.5 4 ( d 4 )

: AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006, Table 6.3

34 . 1562-51:

8. ()

9. 9.1

. . 1562 1 9.2

10. 10.1 , ,

, , 2535 10.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineer ASME Boiler And Pressure Vessel Code,

Section V, An International Code, Non Destructive Examination, July 1, 2004 Edition, 10.3 American Welding Society AWS D1.1/D1.1M-2006: Structural Welding Code Steel,

An American National Standard. 10.4 British Standard BS EN 1712-1997: Non Destructive Examination of Fusion welds-UT

Examination of Weld Joints Acceptance Levels. 10.5 British Standard BS EN 1713-1998: Non Destructive Examination of Fusion Welds-UT

ExaminationCharacterization of Indication in Welds. 10.6 British Standard BS EN 1714-1998: Non Destructive Examination of Fusion Welds-UT

Examination of Welded Joint.

. 1562-51: 35

1 .. 1562

()

..1562

........................................................ .. . ....

: : : : : : : : : : ............................. : : .. : ....................................................

: ............................................ : ........................................ :

(Leg)

A

()

a b c d X Y 1 2 3 4 5 6

. 1562-51

- () - ()

36 . 1562-51:

2 1. 2.1 2. (Longitudinal Mode) 2.1

2.1.1 G 2.1.2 25

50 75 100 2.2

2.2.1 G 2.2 2.2.2

50 75 2.3

2.3.1 F 2.3.2

3. (Shear Wave Mode or Transverse Mode) 3.1 (Index Point)

3.1.1 D 3.1.2

3.2

3.2.1 B 40 60

3.2.2 C 60 70

. 1562-51: 37

3.2.3 2.2 ( 2 )

3.3 3.3.1 D 3.3.2 100 200

225 ( 100 230 1 100 200 2 2.1)

3.4 3.4.1 A 3.4.2

1.59 (Reference Level, b) . . 1562

38 . 1562-51:

. 1

. 2

2.1 (International Institute of Welding: IIW)

( 5.4.1, 2) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006 Figure 6.22

. 1562-51: 39

2.2

( 5.4.1, 2) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006 Figure 6.24

(Height)

2.3

( 4.3.2) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006 Figure 6.20

40 . 1562-51:

15.2

2.4

( 4.3.5) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006 Figure 6.21

2.1 ( 2 2.4)

()

: X

() 45 50 60 37 70 25

: AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006 Chapter 6.29.2.6

. 1562-51: 41

3 1. 1.1 (Lamellar Discontinuity)

6

1.2 5.3.1

2. 2.1

D ( 2 4 7) 2.2

6 2 4 ..1562

2.3 A B C

3. (Scanning) ( 3.1) 3.1 (Longitudinal Discontinuities)

3.1.1 A a 10 3.1.2 B b

3.1.3 C c

42 . 1562-51:

3.1.4 A B C

3.2 (Transverse Discontinuities) 3.2.1 D

3.2.2 E

e 15

: 1)

D 2)

3.1

(6.6.2, 7.1.2.1, 7.1.2.2, 7.1.3, 7.2.2.1, 7.2.3.1, 7.2.3.2, 2 3, 3 3) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006 Figure 6.24

. 1563-51: 43

. 1563-51

(Standard for Weldment Examination in Steel Structure

with Magnetic Particle Testing Method) 1. 1.1

1.2 (Heat Affected Zone)

1.3

1.4 1.4.1 690 (7036

) 1.4.2 3 1.4.3 1.4.3 SI (International System Units)

1 9.806 2. (Weld) (Magnetic Particle Testing) (Discontinuity)

44 . 1563-51:

(Discontinuity) (Steel Structure) 690 (7036 ) 3 (Heat Affected Zone) (Inspection Report) (Written Procedure) (Operator) (Defect) (Indicator) (False Indication) (Weld Bead) (Base Metal)

. 1563-51: 45

3. American Society For Testing and Materials ASTM E709-95: Standard Guide For Magnetic Particle Examination.

4. 4.1 (Prods Technique)

. . (Single Prod) (Double Prod)

(Coil Technique) 4.2 (Yoke Technique)

. .

4.3 (Magnetic Particle Field Indicator) ASTM E709

4.4 (Black Light) .

. 330 390

1000 4.5 (Field Indicator) 4.6 (Wet Magnetic Particles)

2 (1) (Visible Type) (2) (Fluorescent Type) (Dry Magnetic Particles)

4.7 (White Contrasting)

46 . 1563-51:

5. 5.1 .6 5.2

5.2.1 (As Welded)

5.2.2 / 25

5.2.3 80 (0.08 )

5.3 5.3.1 (White Light)

5.3.1.1 5.2 5.3.1.2

5.3.1.3 5.3.1.4 5.3.1.5 3 5 5.3.1.6

5.3.2 5.3.1 (Black Light) 5.3.2.1 5.3.2.2 5

. 1563-51: 47

5.3.2.3 5 1000 8

5.3.3

5.3.4 2 2

5.3.5 (Magnetic Particle Field Indicator)

5.3.6

6. (Written Procedure)

6.1 -- 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7

48 . 1563-51:

6.8

6.9 6.10 6.11 7. (Work Procedure)

8. 8.1 (Nonrelevant Indication)

1.6 (1/16 ) 8.2 (Relevant Indication)

1.6 (1/16 ) 2 8.2.1 (Round Indication) 3 8.2.2 (Linear Indication) 3

8.3

8.3.1 8.3.2 4.8 (3/16 ) 8.3.3 4

1.6 (1/16 ) 9. 9.1

9.2

9.3 . .1563 1

. 1563-51: 49

10. 10.1 .() 803-2542 (Standard Method for Magnetic Particle

Examination). 10.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME Boiler And Pressure Vessel Code,

Section V, An International Code, Non Destructive Examination, July 1, 2004 Edition, Printed in the United States of America.

10.3 American Welding Society AWS D1.1/D1.1M-2006: Structural Welding Code Steel, An American National Standard, Printed in the United States of America, Reprinted March 2006.

10.4 British Standard BS EN 1291:1998 Non-destructive Examination of Welds- Magnetic Particle Testing of Welds- Acceptance Levels.

10.5 International Organization for Standardization ISO 9934-1: Non- Destructive Testing Magnetic Particle Testing Part 1: General Principles.

50 . 1563-51:

1 .. 1563

()

. . 1563

........................................................ .. . ....

: : : : : : : ............................. : / ............................. ().......................................................

.................................................................. .......................................................

: ...................... ......................... :

() /

: ().................... . 1563-51

- () - ()

. 1563-51: 51

2 1. (Prods Techniques) 1.1 1 2

70 200 (3 8 ) 1 1

1.2 (Prod Magnetization Technique) (1)

. 19 (3/4 )

4 5 (100 125 )

. 19 (3/4 ) 3.6 4.4 (90 110 )

(2) 75 (3 ) 200 (8 )

(3) (4) 25

(Arc)

52 . 1563-51:

1

( 2 1.1) : www.ndt-ed.org

2.

(Longitudinal Magnetization Technique) 2.1

2

2

( 2 2.1) : www.ndt-ed.org

(Magnetic Field)

. 1563-51: 53

2.2 (1)

. L 450 (18 ) 450

. D D

. 1) L/D 4 10

x = 35,000 / [(L/D) + 2] (1)

: 250 (10 ) 50 (2 ) (1)

x = 35,000 / (250/50 + 2) = 5,000 2 5,000/2 = 2,500 10 2,500250

2) L/D 2 4 10

x = 45,000 / (L/D) (2) . L/D 2 . 225 (9 )

(Artificial Flaw Shims)

. 1,200 4,500 x

3. (Circular

Magnetization Technique)

54 . 1563-51:

3

3

( 2 3) : www.ndt-ed.org

4. (Yoke Technique) 4 5 6 (1/4 )

4

( 2 4) : www.ndt-ed.org

(External Magnetic Field)

(Electric Current)

(Magnetic Flux in Legs of Yoke)

(Magnetic Flux in Part)

(Crack Indication)

(Current Carrying Wire)

. 1563-51: 55

()

()

5 ( 2 4)

: www.ndt-ed.org

5. (Multidirectional Magnetization Technique) 3 120 (Magnetic Field Indicator) 6 7

56 . 1563-51:

6

( 2 5) : www.ndt-ed.org

7

( 2 5) : www.ndt-ed.org

. 1564-51: 57

. 1564-51

(Standard for Weldment Examination in Steel Structure with Penetrant Testing Method)

1. 1.1

1.2 (Discontinuity)

(Heat Affected Zone)

1.3

1.4 1.4.1 690 (7,036

) 1.4.2 3 1.4.3 1.4.4

(Visible Penetrant) (Fluorescent Penetrant)

1.4.5 SI (International System Units) 1 9.806

2. (Weld) (Liquid Penetrant Testing) (Liquid Penetrant)

58 . 1564-51:

(Capillary Action) (Wetting Ability) (Discontinuity) (Steel Structure) 690 (7036 ) 3 (Heat Affected Zone) (Inspection Report) (Written Procedure) (Operator) (Approved by) (Weld Bead) (Defect) (Indicator) (False Indication)

. 1564-51: 59

(Base Metal) 3. 3.1 ASTM International ASTM E165: Standard Test Method for Liquid Penetrant Examination 3.2 EN ISO 3452-2: Non-destructive testing -- Penetrant testing -- Part 2: Testing of Penetrant

materials 3.3 International Organization for Standardization EN ISO 3452-3: Non-Destructive Testing -

Penetrant Testing - Part 3: Reference Test Blocks 3.4 Japanese Industrial Standards JIS Z 2343-3:2001 Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing

- Part 3: Reference test blocks 4. 4.1

(Spray Can) 4.1.1 (Cleaner)

4.1.2 (Penetrant)

4.1.2.1 (Solvent) 4.1.2.2 (Visible Penetrant)

(Fluorescent Penetrant) 4.1.3 (Remover)

4.1.4 (Developer)

(Nonaqueous Wet Developer)

4.1.5 ASTM E165 EN ISO 3452-2

4.1.6

4.2

60 . 1564-51:

4.3 (Black Light) 320 380 1000

4.4 (Reference Test Block) EN ISO 3452-3 ASME V Article 6 Appendix III JIS Z 2343-3

4.5 4.1 5. 5.1 6 5.2

5.2.1 (As Welded)

5.2.2 / 25

5.2.3

5.2.4

5.3 5.3.1 5.2

10 52 4.4

5.3.2 1000 (100 -)

5.3.3 5

. 1564-51: 61

5 1000 8

5.3.4

5.3.5 5

5.3.6 ()

5.3.7

5.3.8

5.3.9 7 60

5.3.10

62 . 1564-51:

6. (Written Procedure) 6.1 -- 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.8 7. 7.1 (Nonrelevant Indication)

1.6 7.2 (Relevant Indication)

1.6 (1/16 ) 2 7.2.1 (Round Indication) 3 7.2.2 (Linear Indication) 3

7.3

7.3.1 7.3.2 4.8 (3/16 ) 7.3.3 () 4

1.6 (1/16 ) 8. 8.1

8.2

. 1564-51: 63

8.3 . . 1564 1

9. 9.1 .() 804-2544 (Standard Method for

Liquid Penetrant Examination) 9.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME Boiler and Pressure Code, Section V,

An International Code, Non Destructive Examination, July 1,2004 Edition, Printed in the United States of America.

9.3 American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME Boiler and Pressure Code, Section VIII, Division 1, An International Code, Non Destructive Examination, July 1, 2004 Edition, Printed in the United States of America.

9.4 American Welding Society AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006: Structural Welding Code Steel, An American National Standard, Printed in the United States of America, Reprinted March 2006.

9.5 British Standard BS EN 571-1: 1997 Non-destructive Testing- Penetrant Testing, Part 1. General Principles.

9.6 International Organization for Standardization EN ISO 3452: Non-Destructive Testing- Penetrant Inspection General Principles.

9.7 International Organization for Standardization ISO 23277: Non-destructive Testing of Welds- Penetrant Testing of Welds-Acceptance Levels.

64 . 1564-51:

1 . . 1564

()

.. 1564

........................................................ .. . ....

: : : : : : : ............................. : / ................... : Solvent Cleaner / Remover : ..................................................................................................................... Solvent Removable Penetrant : ............................................................................................. Nonaqueous Wet Developer : ...............................................................................................

() /

: ()................. . 1564-51

- () - ()

. 1564-51: 65

2 1 4

1

2

3

66 . 1564-51:

4

. 1565-51: 67

. 1565-51

(Standard for Weldment Examination in Steel Structure with Radiographic Testing Method)

1. 1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4 1.4.1 690 (7036

) 1.4.2 3 (1/8 ) 1.4.3 1.4.4 SI (International System units)

1 9.806 2. (Radiographic Testing) (Panoramic Exposure) (Weld)

68 . 1565-51:

(Graininess) (Silver Halide) (Metallic Silver) (Discontinuity) (Steel Structure) 690 (7036 ) 3 (1/8 ) (Image Quality Indicator: IQI) (Wire Type) (Hole Type) (Radioactive Element) (Heat Affected Zone) (Inspection Report) (Written Procedure) (Operator) (Approved by) (Penetrameter) (Penetrating Power) (Defect)

. 1565-51: 69

(Indication) (False Indication) (Weld Bead) (Base Metal) (Work Instruction) 3. 3.1 ASTM E94 - 04 Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination. 3.2 ASTM E747: Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping

Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology. 3.3 ASTM E1025: Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping

Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology. 4. (Written Procedure)

4.1 4.2 4.3 (Isotope) (X-Ray Voltage) 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 (Intensify Screen) 4.9 4.10 4.11

70 . 1565-51:

4.12 4.13 5. (Equipment Used) 5.1 2

5.1.1 5.1.2 -192 (Ir-192)

-60 (Co-60) 5.2

(Industrial Radiographic Film) ASTM E94 3 5.2.1 1 (Type I)

(Low Speed, Very High Contrast, Very Low Graininess) 5.2.2 2 (Type II)

(Medium Speed, High Contrast, Low Graininess) 5.2.3 3 (Type III)

(High Speed, Medium Contrast, High Graininess) 5.3 (Image Quality Indicator: IQI) (Penetrameter)

(IQI) (Hole Type) (Wire Type) 3 1 IQI 3 2 IQI

5.4 (Intensifying Screen) 1 2

5.5 (Safelight) (Safelight)

. 1565-51: 71

5.6 (Viewing Facility)

5.7 (Calibrated Step Wedge Film) 0.05

6. 6.1 4

6.2

6.2.1 (Spatter)

6.2.2 ()

6.3 6.3.1

(Penetrameter) 2 3 2 1 2 3

6.3.2 .. 2504

6.3.3 (Weld Reinforcement) (Grinding)

72 . 1565-51:

6.3.4 (Tabs)1 6.3.5

(Grinding) 6.3.6 /

3.2

6.3.7 1 2 5.2

6.3.8 6.3.8.1 (Geometric Unsharpness)

() ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V, Article 2.

6.3.8.2 (Panoramic Exposures)

6.3.8.3 7 26.5 (Normal Line)

6.3.9 600 kVp -192 -60

1 (Tabs)

. 1565-51: 73

65 (2.5 )

6.3.10 IQI IQI 4 2

6.3.11 (Excessive Undercut by Scattered Radiation)

6.3.12 12

6.3.13 350 (14 ) 6.3.8

6.3.14 B 13 1.6 B

6.3.15 (Heat Affected Zone)

6.3.16 . . . . .

74 . 1565-51:

6.3.17 1.8 2.0 2.6 1.3 4.0

6.3.18 ( H&D) H&D

D = log I/I (1) D H&D () I I

6.3.19 3 3.0 4.0 6.3.17

6.3.20 (Identification Marks) (Radiograph Identification Mark)

(Location Identification Marks) 1 20 (3/4 )

1 (Location Identification Marks) (Fabrication)

. 1565-51: 75

6.3.21 (Exposure Technique) 6..3.21.1 (Single Wall Technique with Single Wall

Viewing) 3 IQI 7 4

6.3.21.2 (Double Wall Technique with Single Wall Viewing) 3 IQI 8 4

6.3.21.3 (Double Wall Technique with Double Wall Viewing) 90 2 7 90 2 9 4 2 3 60 IQI 10 4

6.3.22 1 6.3.22.1

(Dark Room)

6.3.22.2

1 (Automatic Film Processor) (Manual Processing) 6.3.22.2

76 . 1565-51:

(1) (Developing) (Black Metallic Silver)

(2) (Stop Bath) (Developer) (Acetic Acid)

(3) (Fixing) (Fixer) (Harden)

(4) (Washing)

(5) (Wetting Agent)

(6) (Drying)

7. 7.1

2 (1) (Rounded Discontinuities)

(2) (Elongated Discontinuities)

7.2 (Statically Loaded Nontubular Connections)

. 1565-51: 77

7.2.1 (1)

11 5 (2) (Clearance) 11

5 (3) (E/3

E ) 6 50 10 2.5

(4) (Isolated Discontinuities) 11 5

(5) 2.5 (2E/3) 10 25 (1) (2) (3)

(6) (In-Line Discontinuities) (E) 6 (6E) 6

7.2.2 12 13 5 7.2 7.3 (Cyclically Loaded

Nontubular Connections)

7.3.1

78 . 1565-51:

(Fusion Type Discontinuity) 2 B 14 5 (Root) (Flange) (Web) C 14 5

7.3.2 (Design Drawings) 3 B C 15 5

7.3.3 2 7.3.1 7.3.2 2 10 25

7.3.4 14 15 38 38

7.4 7.4.1

(1) 16 20

5 (2) 16

5 (3)

() 16 20

5 () 16 17

19 5 ( I III ) () 18

20 5 ( II IV)

. 1565-51: 79

(4) 16 20 5

(5) 2.5 (2E/3) 10 25 (1) (2) (3)

(6) (In-Line Discontinuities) (E) 6 (6E) 6

7.4.2 12 13 5

8.

9. 9.1 9.2

9.3 ..1565 1

10. 10.1

, , 2535 10.2 American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASME Boiler And Pressure Vessel Code,

Section V, An International Code, Non Destructive Examination, July 1, 2004 Edition.

80 . 1565-51:

10.3 American Society of Testing and Materials. ASTM E142: Standard Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing

10.4 American Society of Testing and Materials. ASTM E1032: Standard Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Weldments.

10.5 American Society of Testing and Materials. ASTM E 1742-06, Standard Practice for Radiographic Examinations.

10.6 American Welding Society AWS D1.1/D1.1M-2006: Structural Welding Code Steel. 10.7 British Standard BS EN 1435-1997: Non-Destructive Examination of Fusion Welds-RT

Examination.

. 1565-51: 81

1 ..1565

()

.. 1565

........................................................ .. . ....

: .. : : : ... ................................ ........................... : ........................................................ : : : .......... ........... ................. . : 92 60 ..................................... ......................................... IQI ............................................ ....................................................... : ............................................................... ............................................................... : : ..................................... .......................................................

()

. 1565-51

- () - ()

82 . 1565-51:

2 1 2 (Hole Type IQI) 3 (Wire Type IQI) 4 (IQI)

1 ( 5.4)

(.) > 150 Kvp 0.127 (0.005 )

Ir -192 0.127 (0.005 ) Co-60 0.127 (0.005 )

: ASTM E1742-06

. 1565-51: 83

2 (Hole Type IQI) ( 6.3.1, 2 4)

(Hole Type IQI)

1) IQI

IQI 2)

. IQI3) 4) IQI3)

4)

0.25 6 10 4T 7 4T 0.25 0.375 6 10 12 4T 10 4T 0.375 0.50 10 12 15 4T 12 4T 0.50 0.625 12 16 15 4T 12 4T 0.625 0.75 16 20 17 4T 15 4T 0.75 0.875 20 22 20 4T 17 4T 0.875 1.00 22 25 20 4T 17 4T 1.00 1.25 25 32 25 4T 20 4T 1.25 1.50 32 38 30 2T 25 2T 1.50 2.00 38 50 35 2T 30 2T 2.00 2.50 50 65 40 2T 35 2T 2.50 3.00 65 75 45 2T 40 2T 3.00 4.00 75 100 50 2T 45 2T 4.00 6.00 100 150 60 2T 50 2T 6.00 8.00 150 200 80 2T 60 2T

: 1) () 2) 3) ( Hole Type IQI) 1 3 4) 1 3

: AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006 Table 6.4

84 . 1565-51:

3 (Wire Type IQI) ( 6.3.1, 2 4)

(Wire Type IQI)3)

1) IQI

IQI

2)

. . . 0.25 6 0.010 0.25 0.008 0.20

0.25 0.375 6 10 0.013 0.33 0.010 0.25 0.3750.625 10 16 0.016 0.41 0.013 0.33 0.625 0.75 16 20 0.020 0.51 0.016 0.41 0.75 1.50 20 38 0.025 0.63 0.020 0.51 1.50 2.00 38 50 0.032 0.81 0.025 0.63 2.00 2.50 50 65 0.040 1.02 0.032 0.81 2.50 4.00 65 100 0.050 1.27 0.040 1.02 4.00 6.00 100 150 0.063 1.60 0.050 1.27 6.00 8.00 150 200 0.100 2.54 0.063 1.60

: 1) () 2) 3) (Wire Type IQI) 2 3 : AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006 Table 6.5

. 1565-51: 85

4 (IQI) ( 6.3.10)

(IQI) (Equal T) (Unequal T)

L 250 . (L 10 )

L< 250 . (L< 10 )

L 250 . (L 10 )

L< 250 . (L< 10 )

IQI IQI

2 2 1 1 3 2 2 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

ASTM E 1025 E 747 E 1025 E 747 E 1025 E 747 E 1025 E 747 5) 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 6) 3 4 5 6

1) IQI 2) IQI 3)

IQI 3 4) T (T1 T2 ) L

5) 6) 3 4 5 6 3 : AWS D1.1/D1.1M:2006 Table 6.6

86 . 1565-51:

3 1 (Hole Type IQI) 2 (Standard Wire-Type IQI) 3 IQI 250 . (10 ) 4 IQI 250 .(10 ) 5 IQI 250 .(10 ) 6 IQI 250 . (10 )

. 1565-51: 87

F DC

BA

T

E

j 3 [ 1.02 . (0.04 )]

j 1 [ 0.25 . (0.01 )]

j 2 [ 0.51 . (0.02 )]

IQI 179

IQI

()

IQI ()

IQI1) A B C D E F

IQI 5-20 38.10

0.38 19.05

0.38 11.13

0.38 6.35

0.38 12.70

0.38 6.35

0.80 0.013

21-59 38.10 0.38

19.05 0.38

11.13 0.38

6.35 0.38

12.70 0.38

6.35 0.80

0.06

60-179 57.15 0.80

34.92 0.80

19.05 0.80

9.52 0.80

25.40 0.80

9.52 0.80

0.13

: 1) 5 9 1T 2T 3T 2) IQI

1 (Standard Hole-Type IQI) ( 5.3, 6.3.1, 2 1)

: AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.9 ()

88 . 1565-51:

() IQI ()

IQI1) A B C D E F

IQI

5-20 1.500 0.015

0.750 0.015

0.438 0.015

0.250 0.015

0.500 0.015

0.250 0.030

0.0005

21-59 1.500 0.015

0.750 0.015

0.438 0.015

0.250 0.015

0.500 0.015

0.250 0.030

0.0025

60-179 2.250 0.030

1.375 0.030

0.750 0.030

0.375 0.030

1.000 0.030

0.375 0.030

0.005

: 1) 5 9 1T 2T 3T 2) IQI

1 () (Standard Hole-Type IQI) ( 5.3, 6.3.1, 2 1)

: AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.9

. 1565-51: 89

(Wire Penetrameter) IQI, ()

A B C D 0.08 (0.0032) 0.25 (0.010) 0.81 (0.032) 2.50 (0.10) 0.10 (0.004) 0.33 (0.013) 1.02 (0.040) 3.20 (0.125) 0.13 (0.005) 0.40 (0.016) 1.27 (0.050) 4.06 (0.160) 0.16 (0.0063) 0.51 (0.020) 1.60 (0.063) 5.10 (0.20) 0.20 (0.008) 0.64 (0.025) 2.03 (0.080) 6.40 (0.25) 0.25 (0.010) 0.81 (0.032) 2.50 (0.100) 8.00 (0.32)

2 (Standard Wire-Type IQI)

( 5.3, 6.3.1, 2 2) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.10

1.52 . (0.06 )

6.35 . (1/4 ) 6

6.35 . (1/4 )

25.4 . (1 ) A B

5.08 . (0.200 )

: 3 5.08 . (0.200 )

90 . 1565-51:

T2

T1

10 . (3/8 )

( 7.3.20 )

20 . (3/4 )

IQI

IQI

d

d( 7.3.20 )

IQI ( 1) )

( 7.3.20 )

T1 = T2

250 . (10 )

: 1) IQI 2 3 3 IQI 250 . (10 )

( 2 4) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.11

4 IQI 250 . (10 )

( 2 4) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.12

. 1565-51: 91

5 IQI

250 . (10 ) ( 2 4)

: AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.13

6 IQI

250 . (10 ) ( 2 4)

: AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.14

92 . 1565-51:

4

7 (Single Wall Technique with Single Wall Viewing)

( 6.3.21.1) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.16

. 1565-51: 93

8

(Double Wall Technique with Single Wall Viewing) ( 6.3.21.2)

: AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.17

9 ( 2 ) (Double Wall Technique with Double Wall [Elliptical] Viewing)

( 6.3.21.3) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.18

94 . 1565-51:

7

d

D

d 10 ( 3 )

(Double Wall Technique with Double Wall Viewing) ( 6.3.21.3)

: AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.19

. 1565-51: 95

5 AWS D1.1/D1.1M

: 1) (B) (E) 2) (C) (B)

2.5 . (3/32 ) 11

(7.2.1)

: AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.1

30 . 20 . ()

25 22 20 16 12 10 6 3

6 12 20 25 32 40 44 50 57 C, .

3 2.5

6

10

12

16

0

E,

.

1-1/8 3/4 ()

1 7/8 3/4 5/8 1/2 3/8 1/4 1/8

1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 C,

1/8 3/32

1/4

3/8

1/2

5/8

0

E,

96 . 1565-51:

2 .

(0.083

)

1.

(0.042

)

2

. (0.

083

)

2

. (0.

083

)

4.

(0.167

)

6.

(0.250

)

9.

(0.333

)

10

. (0.37

5 )

(5)

(Rando

m Sca

tter)

4.

(0.167

)

6.

(0.250

)

9.

(0.333

)

10

. (0.37

5 )

(4)

(Clust

ered)

2 .

(0.083

)

3 .

(0.125

)

4 .

(0.167

)

6 .

(0.250

)

(3)

(Round

ed)

4 .

(0.167

)

6 .

(0.250

)

9 .

(0.333

)

12

. (0.50

0)

(1)

(Elong

ed)

T

. (

)

: 1)

(1)

(

3)

1)

1

2

7

.4.1(

7.2.2,

7.4.2)

: A

WS D1

.1/D1

.1M: 2

006 Fi

gure 6

.2

3 .

(1/8

)

6.

(1/4

)

10

.(3/

8 )

12

.(1/

2 )

20

.(3/

4 )

. 1565-51: 97

57

. (2

-1/4

) 20

.

(3/4

) 57

.

(2-1/

4 )

20

. (3/

4 )

57

. (2

-1/4

)

1)

C

2

.5 .

(3/32

)

16

2)

X1

30

. (1-

1/8

)

16

3)

X2

16

4)

X3

-X4

2.5

. (

3/32

) 5)

X5

(Clu

stered

)

20

. (3/

4 )

20

. (3

/4

)

16

6)

:

13

30

(1-1

/8 )

(

7.2.2,

7.4.2)

: AWS

D1.1/

D1.1M

: 2006

Figur

e 6.3

98 . 1565-51:

: 1) (B) (E) 2) (C) (B)

14 (Cyclic Loading)

( 7.3.1, 7.3.4) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.4

38 . 12 . ()

32

25

20

12

6

0 12 25 40 50 65 75 90 100 115

C, .

3 2

5 6

10 11

0

E,

.

1-1/2 1/2 ()

1-1/4

1

3/4

1/2

1/4

1/2 1 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 C,

1/8 1/16

3/16 1/4

5/16

0

E,

3/8 7/16

0

8

. 1565-51: 99

: 1) (B) (E) 2) (C) (B) 3) A 3 . (1/8 );

3 (1/8 ) 6 . (1/4 ); 3 . (1/8 ) A 5 . (3/16 ); A 2 . (1/16 ) 3 . (1/8 ) 2L (L = ) 15

15 (Cyclic Loading)

( 7.3.2, 7.3.4) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.5

20 . ()

32

25

20

12 6

0 12 25 40 50 65 75 90 10 115

C, .

3

10 12

14

17

0

E,

.

1-1/2 3/4 ()

1-1/4

1

3/4

1/2

1/4

1/2 1 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 C,

1/4 1/8

3/8 1/2

9/16

0

E,

5/8 11/16

0

3

)

16

6

3

)

38 .

A

A

100 . 1565-51:

: 1) (B) (E) 2) (C) (B)

2.5 . (3/32 ) 3) 17 20 16

16 ( 7.4.1)

: AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.6

20 . () 25

22 16

3 0 12 25 40 50 65 75 90 10 115

C, .

3

10

16

0

E,

.

1-1/8 3/4 ()

1

3/4

1/2 3/8

1/8

1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1-1/4 1-1/2 1-3/4 2 2-1/4 C,

1/8

1/4

3/8

1/2

0

E,

5/8

0

12

6

30 .

3/32

7/8

5/8

1/4

20

12 10 6

2.5

. 1565-51: 101

5.1 ( I) 1), 2)

(L)

< E/3 6 . (1/4 ) E 50 . (2 )

10 . (3/8 ) E > 50 . (2 )

A (CI)

3L (A)

2) (B) L 3/32 . [2.5 .]

1) 16 2) A B (

B) 3) A B

(Longitudinal Tubular CJP Groove Weld) (Tubular Girth CJP Groove Weld) 4) A B A

B 5) L W A 6) L W B

17 ( I)

( 8.4.1 5 16) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.6

(W)

(L)

A

A ()

(W)

(L)

B ()

B

102 . 1565-51:

5.2 ( II) 1)

(L)

< E/3 6 . (1/4 ) E 50 . (2 )

10 . (3/8 ) E > 50 . (2 )

(CI)

3L L 2.5 . (3/32 )

1) 16 2) L W 3) E

18 ( II)

( 8.4.1 5 16) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.6

(L)

(W)

. 1565-51: 103

5.3 ( III) 1), 2)

(L) 2E/3 L > 3W

A (CI)

3L 2E () L 2.5 . (3/32 )

1) 16 2) A 3) A B (Longitudinal

Tubular CJP Groove Weld) (Tubular Girth CJP Groove Weld) 4) L W A 5) L W B 6) E

19 ( III)

( 8.4.1 5 16) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.6

(W) A ()

(W)

(L)

B ()

B

(L) A

CI

104 . 1565-51:

5.4 ( IV) 1)

(L) 2E/3 L/W > 3

(CI)

3L 2E () L 2.5 . (3/32 )

1) 16 2) L W 3) E

20 ( IV)

( 8.4.1 5 16) : AWS D1.1/D1.1M: 2006 Figure 6.6

(L)

(W)

1. 2. 3. 9 () . 4. 9 () . 5. 8 . 6. 8 () . 7. 8 () . 8. 8 . 9. 8 . 10. 8 . 11. 8 () . 12. 7 . 13. 8 () .

:

. -

: . -

. -

. -

-

-

Dynamic Load Test

Seismic Test

. 1252-51 . 1551-51

6

10400

. 0 - 2299 - 4813 0 - 2299 - 4797

..2551