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Molecular Delineation of the Commonly Deleted Segment in Mature B-Cell Lymphoid Neoplasias With Deletion of 7q Jesu ´ s Marı ´a Herna ´ ndez, 1 Eric F.P.M. Schoenmakers, 1 Paola Dal Cin, 1 Lucienne Michaux, 1,2 Wim J.M. Van de Ven, 1 and Herman Van den Berghe 1 * 1 Center for Human Genetics and Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium 2 Department of Hematology, U.C.L. St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium FISH, using 16 probes, informative for more than 30 different loci, allowed us better to delineate the common deleted region in mature B-cell lymphoid malignancies with deletions of chromosome 7. The region spans about 5 cM and is located between bands 7q31 and 7q32, between loci D7S685 and D7S514. Genes Chromosom. Cancer 18:147-150, 1997. r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc. INTRODUCTION Loss of genetic material, resulting from chromo- somal loss, from deletion, or from other mechanisms, commonly occurs in human malignancies. A large number of deletions, affecting different chromo- somes, have been found in hematologic neoplasias: losses in 5q, 7q, 9q, 17p, and 20q are usually related with either myeloid disorders or myelodysplastic syndromes. Deletions of 6q, 9p, 11q, 13q, and 14q are more frequently associated with lymphoid neo- plasias (Johansson et al., 1993; Herna ´ndez et al., 1995). In most of these cases, however, the molecu- lar events that are relevant for the pathogenesis of the disorders are unknown. Recently an association has been identified be- tween del(7q) and small cell non-Hodgkin’s lym- phoma (NHL) (Offitt et al., 1993) or splenic lym- phoma with villous lymphocytes (Oscier et al., 1993). A large series of YAC clones has been mapped to chromosome 7 (Green et al., 1994, 1995; Kunz et al., 1994). Previous reports, using a molecu- lar cytogenetic approach, located the upper break- point of the del(7) in myeloid disorders to a segment between the PAI1 and EPO genes (Kere et al., 1989). Delineation of breakpoints at the subchromosomal level in deleted chromosomes 7 in lymphoid disorders has not been reported. In this study we present the physical mapping of 7q deletions with mature B-cell lymphoprolifera- tive disorders (small cell NHL) by investigating over 30 loci in the deleted chromosome 7 in six patients. Using FISH and YAC clones spread all along the 7q31-q32 and 7q31 distal regions, we were able to delineate a commonly deleted interval with a genetic size of 5 cM. MATERIALS AND METHODS Archival methanol/acetic fixed chromosome preparations from bone marrow samples of six patients with B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, previously karyotyped at the Center of Human Genetics in Leuven (Belgium) were used for FISH analysis. The diagnosis was small cell NHL of the B-cell type with peripheral blood and bone marrow involvement (Herna ´ ndez et al., 1996). Probes YACs included in this study (Table 1A) were mainly selected based upon data obtained from URL, http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu.:80/genome _data/contigs/index.htmat, the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (MIT), and originated from the Centre d’Etude du Polymorphisme Hu- main (CEPH) human mark 3 (MEGA) YAC library (Chumakov et al., 1992), as well as the Chromo- some 7 YAC Resource (Green et al., 1995). Human YAC inserts with a size range of 500 kb up to 2 Mb were selectively amplified using a protocol described by Lengauer and co-workers (1992) with minor modifications. After purification over QIAquick PCR Purification columns (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), DNA was labeled by nick- translation using standard procedures. In addition to the YAC clones, MET-D, a cosmid derived from the MET locus (kindly supplied by Dr. Robert Contract Grant sponsor: University of Leuven, Belgium; Contract Grant number: 2-5-CI-RH-242-394.434. *Correspondence to: H. Van den Berghe, Center for Human Genetics, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Received 10 July 1996; Accepted 20 August 1996 GENES, CHROMOSOMES & CANCER 18:147–150 (1997) 3 3 3 3 BRIEF COMMUNICATION 3 r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Molecular delineation of the commonly deleted segment in mature B-cell lymphoid neoplasias with deletion of 7q

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Page 1: Molecular delineation of the commonly deleted segment in mature B-cell lymphoid neoplasias with deletion of 7q

Molecular Delineation of the Commonly DeletedSegment in Mature B-Cell Lymphoid NeoplasiasWith Deletion of 7q

Jesus Marıa Hernandez,1 Eric F.P.M. Schoenmakers,1 Paola Dal Cin,1 Lucienne Michaux,1,2Wim J.M. Van de Ven,1 and Herman Van den Berghe1*1Center for Human Genetics and Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium2Department of Hematology, U.C.L. St-Luc, Brussels, Belgium

FISH, using 16 probes, informative for more than 30 different loci, allowed us better to delineate the common deleted region inmature B-cell lymphoid malignancies with deletions of chromosome 7. The region spans about 5 cM and is located betweenbands 7q31 and 7q32, between loci D7S685 and D7S514. Genes Chromosom. Cancer 18:147-150, 1997. r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

INTRODUCTION

Loss of genetic material, resulting from chromo-somal loss, from deletion, or from other mechanisms,commonly occurs in human malignancies. A largenumber of deletions, affecting different chromo-somes, have been found in hematologic neoplasias:losses in 5q, 7q, 9q, 17p, and 20q are usually relatedwith either myeloid disorders or myelodysplasticsyndromes. Deletions of 6q, 9p, 11q, 13q, and 14qare more frequently associated with lymphoid neo-plasias (Johansson et al., 1993; Hernandez et al.,1995). In most of these cases, however, the molecu-lar events that are relevant for the pathogenesis ofthe disorders are unknown.Recently an association has been identified be-

tween del(7q) and small cell non-Hodgkin’s lym-phoma (NHL) (Offitt et al., 1993) or splenic lym-phoma with villous lymphocytes (Oscier et al.,1993). A large series of YAC clones has beenmapped to chromosome 7 (Green et al., 1994, 1995;Kunz et al., 1994). Previous reports, using a molecu-lar cytogenetic approach, located the upper break-point of the del(7) in myeloid disorders to asegment between the PAI1 and EPO genes (Kereet al., 1989). Delineation of breakpoints at thesubchromosomal level in deleted chromosomes 7 inlymphoid disorders has not been reported.In this study we present the physical mapping of

7q deletions with mature B-cell lymphoprolifera-tive disorders (small cell NHL) by investigatingover 30 loci in the deleted chromosome 7 in sixpatients. Using FISH and YAC clones spread allalong the 7q31-q32 and 7q31 distal regions, wewere able to delineate a commonly deleted intervalwith a genetic size of 5 cM.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Archival methanol/acetic fixed chromosomepreparations from bone marrow samples of sixpatients with B-cell chronic lymphoproliferativedisorders, previously karyotyped at the Center ofHuman Genetics in Leuven (Belgium) were usedfor FISH analysis. The diagnosis was small cellNHL of the B-cell type with peripheral blood andbone marrow involvement (Hernandez et al., 1996).

Probes

YACs included in this study (Table 1A) weremainly selected based upon data obtained fromURL, http://www-genome.wi.mit.edu.:80/genome_data/contigs/index.htmat, the Whitehead Institutefor Biomedical Research (MIT), and originatedfrom the Centre d’Etude du Polymorphisme Hu-main (CEPH) human mark 3 (MEGA) YAC library(Chumakov et al., 1992), as well as the Chromo-some 7 YAC Resource (Green et al., 1995).Human YAC inserts with a size range of 500 kb

up to 2 Mb were selectively amplified using aprotocol described by Lengauer and co-workers(1992) with minor modifications. After purificationover QIAquick PCR Purification columns (Qiagen,Hilden, Germany), DNA was labeled by nick-translation using standard procedures. In additionto the YAC clones, MET-D, a cosmid derived fromthe MET locus (kindly supplied by Dr. Robert

Contract Grant sponsor: University of Leuven, Belgium; ContractGrant number: 2-5-CI-RH-242-394.434.*Correspondence to: H. Van den Berghe, Center for Human

Genetics, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.Received 10 July 1996; Accepted 20 August 1996

GENES, CHROMOSOMES & CANCER 18:147–150 (1997)

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r 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Page 2: Molecular delineation of the commonly deleted segment in mature B-cell lymphoid neoplasias with deletion of 7q

Harvey, Integrated Genetics Laboratories, Inc.),was used.

Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization

Fixed cells from six patients were available forFISH studies performed according to methodspreviously described (Schoenmakers et al., 1994).Cytogenetic map locations were determined on aLeitz DMRB fluorescence microscope equippedwith a cooled CCD camera (Photometrics) andImagenetics software (Imagenetics). At least threemetaphase cells were analysed for every probe andevery patient before concluding on the presence orabsence of a given probe in the deleted segment.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

All cases examined belonged to a series ofpatients with mature B-cell lymphoproliferativedisorders (small cell NHL) in which the break-points and the extent of the deletion on chromo-some 7 were determined by cytogenetic analysis(Hernandez et al., 1996). We studied four patientswith del(7)(q21q31) (cases 3, 4, 5, and 6) and twowith del(7)(q31q34) (cases 1 and 2) (Fig. 1).With the probes used, none of the cases showed

translocation of the chromosome 7 missing materialto any other chromosome. The cosmid containingthe MET oncogene was found to be located proxi-mally to the common deleted region, with the

signal being present in the two patients (cases 1 and2) with del(7)(q31q34) analysed (data not shown).Moreover, loci D7S480, D7S650, and D7S685 werealso present in these two cases showing the distaldeletion. Furthermore, D7S514 and D7S635 werepresent in one case with the proximal deletion(Table 1, Fig. 1). In contrast, YAC clones containingloci D7S1809, D7S487, D7S648, D7S686, andD7S680 did not reveal any signal by FISH in any ofthe cases studied. These results suggest that if asingle critical region for chronic lymphoid disordersexists on chromosome arm 7q, this must be locatedbetween loci D7S685 and D7S514. By multipointlinkage analysis, the genetic distance betweenthese two loci has been estimated to be 5 cM. Instandard molecular biology the number of bases (orbasepairs) is a more frequently used unit of mea-sure than the genetic unit of measure (cM). For theYAC contigs mentioned, however, contigs havebeen established mainly based upon STS-content

TABLE 1A. List of FISH Probes

YAC clonesCytog.

map pos.aLoci present

within YAC clonesb

CEPH929C11 1F, 2CCEPH929A10 1F, 2C, 3SCEPH851B5 2S, 3SCEPH823H10 4D, 5D, 6D, 7D, 8S, 9SCEPH885C6 10D, 11D, 12DCEPH959C10 12FyWSS1197 7q31–q32 (border) 13CEPH752H8 13V, 14F, 15F, 16FCEPH813F10 17V, 18F, 19D, 20D, 21CCEPH928C1 18F, 19F, 20V, 21C, 22D,

23DyWSS1844 7q31–q32 (border) 24CEPH917F5 25F, 26D, 27F, 28S, 29CyWSS1758 7q31 (distal) 29CEPH938G5 30D, 31D, 32D, 33D, 34DCEPH816F3 32S, 33F, 34FyWSS4073 7q33–q35 34

aMapping positions are taken from Human Molecular Genetics, 1994,vol. 3, no. 3, pp 489–501.bLocus codes; official (Human Genome Database) locus names can bededuced from Table 1B. V, verified hit; D, unique (‘‘definite’’) hit; F,ambiguous hit, resolved using CEPH fingerprint data; S, ambiguous hit,resolved using STS content data; C, verified hit reported by other lab,primarily CEPH.

TABLE 1B. List of Loci

Locuscode

Geneticlocus

Geneticposition

Radiationposition

WhiteheadYAC contig

1 D7S480 177 cM 518 cR WC7.272 D7S650 178 cM WC7.273 D7S685 178 cM 518 cR WC7.274 D7S2529 WC7.275 NIB2049 WC7.276 D7S1867 WC7.277 D7S1809 WC7.278 D7S2219 524 cR WC7.279 D7S2177 537 cR WC7.2710 D7S487 181 cM WC7.2711 D7S2434 WC7.2712 D7S648 180 cM 525 cR WC7.2713 D7S686 182 cM 550 cR WC7.2814 D7S1801 WC7.2815 D7S1822 WC7.2816 D7S1874 WC7.2817 D7S680 183 cM WC7.2818 D7S2378 WC7.2819 WI-8169 WC7.2820 D7S635 183 cM WC7.2821 D7S514 183 cM WC7.2822 D7S504 183 cM WC7.2823 WI-6534 WC7.2824 D7S530 187 cM WC7.2825 D7S631 190 cM 592 cR WC7.3026 WI-6978 WC7.3027 D7S2330 593 cR WC7.3028 STSG-9965 WC7.3029 D7S500 193 cM WC7.3030 D7S2450 WC7.3131 D7S1855 615 cR WC7.3132 D7S495 197 cM 615 cR WC7.3133 D7S2560 WC7.3134 D7S684 200 cM 616 cR WC7.31

148 HERNANDEZ ET AL.

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mapping, fingerprinting, and (competitive) hybrid-ization, and no consensus restriction maps have asyet been established. Therefore it is impossible togive the size of the commonly deleted interval inbp (or even inMb). This is further hampered by thefact that the interval between D7S514 and D7S685is not covered by a single YAC contig, but by at least2 contigs (WC7.27 and WC7.28), which have notyet been linked up.In conclusion, our molecular study reduces the

region commonly deleted in chromosome 7 inchronic lymphoid disorders to a small segmentbetween bands 7q31 and 7q32, i.e., between theD7S685 and D7S514 loci, suggesting that thegene(s) involved in the pathogenesis of thesediseases must be located between loci D7S685 andD7S514. This region is clearly different from thatinvolved in myelodysplasia which has now beenlocalized to a narrow interval at 7q22.1 (Johnson etal., 1996).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This text presents research results of the Belgianprogramme of Interuniversity Poles of Attraction

initiated by the Belgian State, Prime Minister’sOffice, Science Policy Programming. The scientificresponsibility is assumed by the authors. Jesus M.Hernandez was supported by a grant from theScience Ministry of the Spanish Government. Lu-cienne Michaux was supported by grant number2-5-CI-RH-242-394.434 from theUniversity of Leu-ven. The authors are grateful to Dr. E.D. Green forkindly providing the yWSS YACs, to Christel Huys-mans for excellent technical help and to Rita Logistfor clerical assistance.

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Figure 1. Schematic representation of FISH mapping data obtained forsix patients with B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. Cases 1and 2 had del(7)(q31q34). Cases 3–6 had del(7)(q21q31). 1 indicatespositive conclusive FISH experiments that were performed on meta-phase chromosomes of cases given above, using the probe given on the

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149DELETED SEGMENT IN 7q-LYMPHOID MALIGNANCIES

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