Mobile Wimax Network Architecture

8/7/2019 Mobile Wimax Network Architecture

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Gemini Communication Ltd.Gemini Communication Ltd.Innovation & LeadershipInnovation & Leadership

Mobile Wimax Architecture

S.SARAVANAKARTHIKEYAN


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Wimax Network SpecificationNormative use of Protocols and procedures to satisfy variousfunctions of working system based on existing IEEE and IETFStandards

Protocols and Procedures defined over various interfaces fordifferent capabilities supported by the Network

A unified approach from which interoperable profiles can bederived for basic interoperability for different usage modes andservice models


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Mobile Wimax Network Reference

Architecture

R1:

-Interface between (MS)Mobile station andthe (ASN) as pertheAir

Interface specification

-R1 May include additional protocol relatedto the management

R2

Interface betweenthe MS andthe (CSN) Connectivity Service

Network associatedwith

-Authentication

-ServiceAuthorization

-IPHost Configuration management

-Mobility Management

R3

Interface between theASN andthe CSN to supportAAA,Policy

enforcement and mobility management capabilities

It also encompasses the bearer plane to transferIPdata betweentheASN

andthe CSN


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Wimax Network InterfacesR1 Interface between (MS)Mobile station and the (ASN) as per the Air

Interface specification

R1 May include additional protocol related to the management

R2 Interface between the MS and the (CSN) Connectivity Service

Network associated with Authentication Service Authorization IP Host Configuration management MobilityManagement.

This is a logical interface thus does not reflect a direct protocolinterface between MS and CSN


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Wimax Network InterfacesR3

Interface between the ASN and the CSN to support AAA,Policy enforcement and mobility management capabilities

It also encompasses the bearer plane to transfer IP databetween the ASN and the CSN

R4

Consists of a set of control plane and bearer planeprotocols originating/terminating in various entities withinthe ASN that coordinates MS mobility between ASNs.


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Wimax Network InterfacesR5

It consists of a set of Control plane and tunneling

protocols for internetworking between CSNs operated byeither the Home or Visited NSP.

R6

It consists of a set of control plane and bearer plane

protocols for communication between the BS and theASN GW. The bearer plane consists of Intra ASN dataPath and Inter ASN tunnels between the BS and ASNGW.

.


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Wimax Network Interfaces

R8

It Consists of a set of Control Plane message flows and,in some situations , bearer plane data flows between theBS to ensure fast and seamless handover


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Key Architecture FeaturesAll IP Radio Access and core Network

Support for all usage Models

Access to incumbent core networks via internetworking function.

Open interfaces both with in the RAN and between the RAN andthe Core Network.

Support for Voice, data and multimedia services with

appropriate QoS


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Key Network Features


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Network Nodes


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ASN Access Service Network

Multiple ASN Profiles have been specified in Wimax as

a Tool to manage diversity in ASN node usage and

implementation.


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Access Service Network

Profile ACentralized ASN Model with BS and ASN GW in separate

platform through R6 interface.

Spilt RRM : RRA in BS and RRC in ASN GW.

Open interface Profile A: R1 , R6 , R4 and R3


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Profile BDistributed ASN solution with the BS and the ASN GW functionalities

implemented in a single platform.

Open interface Profile B:- R4 and R3


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Profile CSimilar to Profile A , Except for RRM being non split and located in BS.


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Connectivity Service NetworkConnectivity to the Internet, ASPs

Authentication , Authorization and Accounting

IP Management

Mobility and Roaming between ASNs

Policy and QoS Management based on a SLA


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CSN FunctionsIP address allocation to the MS for user sessions

AAA proxy or server for User, device and services

authentication, authorization and accounting

Policy and QoS management based on the SLA

Subscribers billing


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CSN FunctionsInter CSN tunneling to support roaming between

NSPs

Inter ASN mobility management and mobile IP home

agent functionality

Connectivity Infrastructure and policy control


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HAND OVER PROCESSHand over process consists of six different stages

Cell Reselection

Handover decision

Handover Initiation

Synchronization

Termination of Services

Handover cancellation


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Cell Reselection

MS acquires info about the BS in the Network and evaluate

the Possibility to perform handover


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Handover decision and InitiationThe initiation of a handover is the decision to migrate the

MS from the serving BS to Target BS

Handover request will trigger a sequence of Handover

specific message to be sent in-between MS and BS


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SynchronizationTo Establish Communication with the target BS, the MS

need to synchronize to its D/L Channel

During this Period the MS Rx Downlink and Uplink TX

Parameters

Time offset and Power level


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TerminationTermination of services at the serving BS is the last step in

the Handover process

The serving BS will terminate all the associated MS


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Handover Cancellation

During the Handover the MS has the right to cancel the

handover and resume normal communication with theserving BS


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ype of and o er

Soft ando er

During the Soft ando er the MS will li ten and tran mit to all the BS

by ending PDU to theMS and they all li ten to the MS tran mi ion

Fa t BS Switching

In Fa t Switching theMS will li ten and tran mit to only one BS with in

the acti e et of BS


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Type of Handover Cont

In both the Handover the MS will maintain a list of BSs

that are involved in the Handover

All the BSs in the active set need to be synchronized to

each other to be able to support handover and fast BS

switching


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RangingRanging is an uplink physical layer procedure that

maintains the quality and reliability of the radio link

communication between the MS and the BS

When it receive the ranging transmission from MS, the BS

processes the received signal to estimate various radio link

parameters


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Quality of Service

The Different types of QoS Supported in Mobile Wimax are

UGS

Rtps

Nrtps

Ertps

BE


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UGS : Unsolicited grant services

This is designed to support fixed-size data packets at a constant bit rate (CBR)

Examples of applications that may use this service are T1/E1 emulation and VoIP

without silence suppression

The mandatory service flow parameters that define this service are maximum

sustained

Traffic rate

Maximum latency

Tolerated jitter

Request/transmission policy.


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Real-time polling services

(rtPS)This service is designed to support real-time service flows,

such as MPEG video, that generate variable-size data

packets on a periodic basis

The mandatory service flow parameters that define this

service are minimum reserved traffic rate, maximum

sustained traffic rate, maximum latency, and

request/transmission policy.


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Non-real-time polling service

(nrtPS)This service is designed to support delay-tolerant data streams,

such as an FTP, that require variable-size data grants at a

minimum guaranteed rate

The mandatory service flow parameters to define this service are

minimum reserved traffic rate, maximum sustained traffic rate,

traffic priority, and request/transmission policy


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Extended real-time variable

rate service - (ERT-VR)This service is designed to support real-time applications,

such as VoIP with silence suppression, that have variable

data rates but require guaranteed data rate and delay

This service is defined only in IEEE 802.16e- 2005, not in

IEEE 802.16-2004. This is also referred to as extended

real-time polling service (ErtPS)


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Best-effort (BE) service:

This service is designed to support data streams, such as Web

browsing, that do not require a minimum service-level

guarantee

The mandatory service flow parameters to define this service

are maximum sustained traffic rate, traffic priority, and

request/transmission policy


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Service flow supported in Mobile Wimax


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Mobility Support in Mobile

WimaxIn addition to fixed Wimax , Mobile Wimax envision four mobility

related usage scenarios

Nomadic

The user is allowed to take a fixed subscriber station and reconnect

from different point

Portable

Nomadic access is provided to portable devices, such as PCI card ,

USB dongle , with expectation of best effort handover


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Mobility Support in Mobile

WimaxSimple Mobility

The Subscribers may move at a speed up to 60Kmph with brief

interruptions during handoff

Full Mobility

Up to 120 Kmph mobility and seamless handoff is supported


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Security Functions in Mobile

Wimax ContThe Key aspects ofMobile Wimax security are as follows,

Support for privacy

The user data is encrypted using cryptographic

schemes of proven robustness to provide privacy

Both AES and 3DES are supported in Mobile Wimax

Most system implementation will likely use AES


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Security Functions in Mobile Wimax

Cont

Device / User authentication

Mobile Wimax provides flexible means for authenticating

subscriber stations and users to prevent from unauthorized use

The authentication is based on the IETF, which supports a variety

credentials

Username/password

Digital certificates

Smart cards


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Security Functions in MobileWimax Cont

Flexible and key Management protocol

The privacy and key management protocol version 2(PKMPv2) is used for securely transferring keying

material from BS to the MS


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Performance Enhancement in

Mobile WimaxThe Mobile Wimax defines the number of optional advance

features to improve the performance, such as

Multiple antenna techniques

Hybrid ARQ

Enhanced frequency reuse


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Performance Enhancement in Mobile

Wimax Cont d anced ntenna y tem :

hi olution impro e the y tem performance

ignificant gain in o erall capacity and in pectral efficiency

include upport for ariety of multiantenna olution ran mit di er ity

eamforming patial multiplexing


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Mobile Wimax ContTransmit Diversity

It defines number of space-time block coding schemes

Space time block coding can be used to provide

transmit diversity in the D/L

There would be two or more Tx antennas and one or

more Rx antennas


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Performance Enhancement in Mobile

Wimax Cont

Beamforming

Multiple antenna in Wimax may be used to transmitthe same signal to focus the transmitted beam in the

same direction of the receiver and away from the

interference, This improves

CINR Coverage Range

Capacity

Reliability


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Mobile Wimax ContSpatial Multiplexing

Wimax also supports Spatial Multiplexing, where multiple

independent streams are transmitted across multipleAntennas

Multiple antennas are used in this case to increase the datarate or capacity of the system

In rich Multipath environment, the capacity of the system

can be increased linearly with the number of antennaswhen performing spatial multiplexing

A 2x2 MIMO system doubles the peak throughput capability ofWimax


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MobilityManagement

ArchitectureMinimize Packet loss and handover latency.

Maintain packet ordering to support seamless handover at

vehicular speeds.

Supports macro diversity handover and fast base station

switching.

Minimize signaling to execute handover.

Accommodate multiple IP address and simultaneous

connections.


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MIMO vs (Beamforming + MIMO)Summary Animation

Larger Screen dueto higher datarates

Greatercoverageperimeter

Less MIMO-B beam overlap =less noise, more de-correlation, higher data rate

Stronger green haloreflecting strongersignal even behindbuildings

Closer data packets indicatinghigher order modulation=higher data rates

MIMO-only Beamforming + MIMO


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Tunneling in Mobile Wimax

IP datagram to the mobile node are tunneled from the

home agent to the foreign Agent

The 802.16 convergence sub layer (CS) provides tunnelingover the Air

Tunnels are Identified by the CID

Assignment of CIDs is performed in the BS/MS

CIDs are used for differentiating QoS


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Ethernet & VLAN in Mobile

WimaxEthernet services may be mainly based on stationary

deployment model of NRM

The CSN deploys a bridge for forwarding the user traffic L2 instead of L3

AAA/PF ( Policy Function) support needed for dynamic

estabilshment,configuration and accounting of Ethernet

services inside Mobile WiMAX network


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Mobile Wimax Network Architecture