Agilent, Your Partner in Advancing New Wireless Communications Mobile WiMAX… · 2009-07-15 · State of the WiMAX Market Source: Red = Fixed WiMAX Yellow = Mobile WiMAX The Good

Page 1Wireless Test World 2009

Wireless Test World 2009 Agilent, Your Partner in AdvancingNew Wireless Communications

Mobile WiMAX™:Wave 2 and Beyond

Presented by:Mirin Lew

Applications Specialist,Microwave & Communications Division

July 1, 2009“WiMAX,” “Mobile WiMAX” and “WiMAX Forum”are trademarks of the WiMAX Forum®


Topics

• Update on WiMAX Market• WiMAX Evolution

– IEEE 802.16 standard and WiMAX Forum System Profiles– Summary of Mobile WiMAX Wave 2– IEEE 802.16Rev2 (802.16-2009) Standard– WiMAX Forum Release 1.5 System Profiles– IEEE 802.16j Multihop Relay Specification– IEEE 802.16m Amendment

• Mobile WiMAX Certification: Process and Status Update (next paper)

NOTES:• Most of this presentation will focus on the physical layer aspects of Mobile WiMAX• Presentation assumes audience is familiar with the basic concepts of Mobile WiMAX


State of the WiMAX Market Source: www.wimaxmaps.org

Red = Fixed WiMAXYellow = Mobile WiMAX

The Good News:• Over 500 companies in WiMAX Forum, including

165 service providers, 85 silicon component manufacturers, and 120 system equipment vendors

• More than 35 companies developing WiMAX products for base stations, 30 for mobile devices, 25 for chipsets and reference designs

• About 468 trials and deployments of WiMAX systems (fixed and mobile) in 139 countries (source: WiMAX Forum, April 2009)

• Some countries moving forward on deploying WiMAX in 2009: U.S. (at least 8 more markets), India, Japan, Russia, Taiwan

And The Bad News:• Global economic recession will slow capital

investment and deployments• LTE gaining interest and momentum

– Over 100 operators committed to LTE– Initial trials beginning in 2009, driven by NTT

DoCoMo, Verizon, and China Mobile– Field trials expected in late 2009 with

commercial service probably starting in 2010• Some companies are reducing or ending

investment in Mobile WiMAX (e.g. Nortel)


WiMAX Evolution2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

802.16j-2009(May 2009) Close of IMT-Advanced

Proposal Submission (Oct ’09)

802.16-2004802.16e-2005(Dec. 2005)

802.16-2004/Corrigendum 2

(Ended)802.16Rev2 “802.16-2009”

(May 2009)

802.16m(May 2010)

802.16m D1(Nov 2009)

IEEE Standards

WiMAX ForumMobile WiMAX

System Profiles

Release 1.0(2007)

Release 1.5(2009)

Release 2.0(2010-2011)

802.16m Working Doc

Wave 1Certification

(Dec ’07)

Wave 2Certification

(2008)

Release 1.5Certification

(2010)


(2011)

WiMAX ForumCertification

Under discussion:•100 Mbps at high mobility, 1 Gbps at low mobility

•5-20 MHz BW•MIMO with up to 4 antennas

•Handover to other radio technologies

Key Features •Basic Mobile WiMAX system operation

•Support of DL and UL PUSC zones

•TDD mode only

•STC/MIMO and UL collaborative SM for PUSC zones

•AMC zones•Beamforming

•FDD/H-FDD•700 MHz & 1.7 GHz bands

•MIMO for AMC•Closed-loop MIMO•Persistent allocation•HO optimization

All future dates are estimates and subject to change


Review of Wave 2 System Profiles

• WiMAX Forum’s Wave 1 system profiles focused on basic functionality of Mobile WiMAX systems

• Most current Mobile WiMAX product development focused on Wave 2• Wave 2 system profiles added more advanced capabilities, including:

– Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) Zones• DL/UL AMC 2x3 zones

– IO-MIMO Profile• Matrix A: Space Time Coding (STC)• Matrix B: 2x2 MIMO with vertical encoding• Uplink collaborative spatial multiplexing

– IO-BF (beamforming) profile• DL-PUSC and AMC 2x3 with dedicated pilots• UL-PUSC without subchannel rotation• Uplink sounding


Topics



• Mobile WiMAX Certification: Process and Status Update



IEEE 802.16Rev2 (802.16-2009)

• Project initiated in March 2007 by 802.16 Maintenance Task Group• Goal is to combine latest standard with subsequent amendments and updates. 802.16Rev2

will consolidate these documents:– 802.16-2004: Last revision– 802.16e-2005: Amendment on enhancements to support mobility– 802.16-2004/Cor1: Corrigendum to 802.16-2004 (part of 802.16e-2005 document)– 802.16-2004/Cor2/D4: Last draft of Corrigendum 2 prior to discontinuation of project– 802.16f-2005: Amendment on Management Information Base for Fixed Systems– 802.16g-2007: Amendment on Management Information Base– 802.16i: Amendment on Mobile Management Information Base (if completed in time)

• Draft 9a approved by IEEE in May 2009. Will be published as IEEE 802.16-2009 standard following editorial review; will be available in December.

• Includes many clarifications/corrections related to Wave 2 and other advanced features such as MIMO, AMC zones, HARQ, and UL sounding.

• Changes added for support of:– Cyclic delay diversity (CDD)– Half-duplex FDD mode– MIMO for AMC zones


Release 1.5 System Profiles

• WiMAX Forum has not announced date for completion of new system profile– Based on 802.16Rev2 (802.16-2009)– Draft version 0.2.1 available on WiMAX Forum Web site. Possible completion by 2009,

certification in 2010• New PHY features include:

– Support for 700 MHz and 1.7 GHz Advanced Wireless Service (AWS) bands– FDD with half-duplex FDD (H-FDD)– MIMO support for AMC zones– Cyclic delay diversity (CDD)– Closed-loop MIMO using codebooks– Uplink with 64QAM modulation– Uplink transmission with 2-antenna Matrix A and Matrix B with vertical encoding

• New MAC features include:– Support for Multicast and Broadcast Services operation (MBS)– Support for Ethernet CS– SS-initiated service flow transactions for Quality of Service (QoS)– Seamless handover support


Release 1.5 Interoperable Options

• Groups of features that are not required for designation as WiMAX Forum Certified™, but are required for certification to state that product has that capability

• IO-NNNN for BS, IOMS-NNNN for MS• PHY-related Interoperable Options in Release 1.5:

Profile Description

IO-MIMO MIMO operation

IO-BF Beamforming operation

IO/IOMS-MIM1 DL MIMO AMC

IO/IOMS-MIM2 Collaborative spatial multiplexing for AMC (2 MS with single Tx antenna)

IO/IOMS-MIM3 Closed-loop MIMO

IO/IOMS-MIM4 2 Tx UL MIMO

IO/IOMS-64QM Uplink 64QAM support

IO/IOMS-CDD Cyclic Delay Diversity

IOMS-FFDD Full Duplex FDD (All FDD MS must support H-FDD)

• MAC-related items include options for Multicast and Broadcast Services (MBS), Ethernet, QoS features, seamless handover support, and sleep mode


FDD Frame Structure Supporting H-FDD

FDD = frequency domain duplexingBoth DL and UL are active at the same time on different frequencies

H-FDD = half-duplex FDDDL and UL are at different frequencies but are not active at the same time

Generic OFDMA FDD frame structure supporting H-FDD MS in two groups

• Base stations of OFDMA FDD systems operate in full duplex mode. • MS may be either full duplex (FDD) or half duplex (H-FDD). • The FDD frame structure supports both FDD and H-FDD MS types. • BS communicates with two groups of H-FDD MS (Group 1 and Group 2) at

different times• DL divided into 2 subframes, one for each group• Each subframe and group has its own MAP messages• Group 1 MS transmits UL during Group 2’s DL and vice versa


Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD)

OFDMATransmitter

CyclicDelay 1

CyclicDelay N

Add CyclicPrefix

Add CyclicPrefix

Add CyclicPrefix

Ant 0

Ant 1

Ant N

Logicalantennasignal

Applying cyclic delay means that the samples in the useful symbol time Tb are shifted D samples forward, the last D samples are copied to the first D samples, and the cyclic prefix is regenerated from the last samples of the rotated symbol. Max delay is 1.4% x Tb. Also called Cyclic Shift Transmit Diversity (CSTD).

Purpose: The BS may improve performance through increased diversity, or split the power between multiple transmit antennas.

• The same signal (including data, pilots, preamble, midamble, etc) may be transmitted from several antennas simultaneously, with different cyclic delay applied to each signal in order to reduce the potential of nulling in the receiver's antenna.

• Total power transmitted from all antennas with CDD is equal to power for logical antenna signal• Can be combined with STC/MIMO• No change is required in the receiver for CDD, but performance can be improved if MS knows amounts of

delay so it can optimize when to sample data. CDD SISO/SIMO descriptor or CDD STC descriptor TLV may be transmitted in DCD to inform MS of CDD parameters.


MIMO in AMC Zones

• 2x3 AMC (2 bins x 3 symbols) is used but bursts must begin on a 6-symbol boundary, so allocations are in units that are 2x6

• Pilot pattern for 2 antennas:Symbol

0 1 2 3 4 5

Subc

arri

8

ers 6

012345

7

91011121314151617

Pilot for Ant 0

Bin 1

Bin 2

Pilot for Ant 1

Subchannel

2x3 slot


Matrix A for AMC Zone

• Two-stage data mapping and coding1. Data is mapped frequency-first to each 2x3 slot, and frequency-first over slots in the

allocation2. Matrix A encoding is performed over each pair of symbols assigned to same subcarrier

index over 2 symbols (symbol pairs may be from different slots)

01...15

1617...31

3233...47

4849...63

6465...79

8081...95

9697...111

112113...127

128129...143

144145...159

160161...175

176177...191

0 1 2 3 4 5

Subc

hann

el

0

1

Data symbolnumber

S0S1...

S15

-S16*-S17*...

-S31*

S32S33...

S47

-S96*-S97*...

-S111*

S112S113

.

.

.S127

-S128*-S129*

.

.

.-S143*

OFDM Symbol0 1 2 3 4 5

Subc

hann

el

0

1

S48S49...

S63

-S64*-S65*

.

.

.-S79*

S80S81...

S95

-S144*-S145*

.

.

.-S159*

S160S161

.

.

.S175

-S176*-S177*

.

.

.-S191*

Antenna 0

S0*S1*...

S15*

S16S17...

S31

S32*S33*...

S47*

S96S97...

S111

S112*S113*

.

.

.S127*

S128S129

.

.

.S143

OFDM Symbol0 1 2 3 4 5

Subc

hann

el

0

1

S48*S49*...

S63*

S64S65

.

.

.S79

S80*S81*...

S95*

S144S145

.

.

.S159

S160*S161*

.

.

.S175*

S176S177

.

.

.S191

Antenna 1OFDM Symbol

Matrix A example for 4 AMC 2x3 slots, Stage 1 data mapping Stage 2: Matrix A encoding over pairs of data symbols.


Matrix B for AMC Zone

• Data symbols mapped in antenna-first order, with mapping in each slot by subcarrier first to the end of the slot, then moving to next symbol.

• For 2 antennas, all even data symbols beginning with S0 will be on antenna 0, odd symbols on antenna 1.

OFDM SymbolAntenna 1

OFDM SymbolAntenna 0

S0S2...

S30

S32S34...S62

S64S66...

S94

S96S98...

S126

S128S130

.

.

.S158

S160S162...

S190

0 1 2 3 4 5

S1S3...

S31

S33S35...S63

S65S67...

S95

S97S99...

S127

S129S131

.

.

.S159

S161S163...

S191

0 1 2 3 4 5

Subc

arrie

rs

Subc

arrie

rsMatrix B Example Over Two 2x3 AMC Slots


Topics





802.16j Multihop Relay Specification

• Purpose: Enhance coverage, throughput, and system capacity by specifying 802.16 multihop relay (MR) capabilities of interoperable relay stations and base stations.

• Defines MAC and PHY enhancements to support new multihop relay enabled base station (MR-BS) and relay station (RS)

• Works with existing 802.16e mobile stations• Types of supported connections:

– MR-BS to MS– MR-BS to RS – RS to MS– RS to RS (multihop)


802.16j Multihop Relay SpecificationUsage Models

BS

RS

RSRS

RS

RS

RS

Multihop Relay:Range extension

Coverage atCell edge

Buildingpenetration

Coveragehole

Shadow of buildings

NomadicRS

MobileRS

BS

Temporary Coverage(Emergency/disasterrecovery, special events)

Mobile vehicle:Inside buses,Trains, ferries

RS

Higher capacity(using higher qualityrelayed link)

RS = Relay Station


Relay Modes

Two relay modes based on how frame configuration and scheduling information (FCH, MAPs, DCD, UCD) are transmitted: • Transparent Mode (Transparent RS = T_RS)

– RS does not transmit preamble or configuration information – No range extension since MS must get configuration info directly from BS; main use is to

increase capacity– Requires centralized scheduling to be done in BS for all MS– Maximum of 2 hops: BS -> RS -> MS

• Non-transparent Mode (Non-transparent RS = NT_RS)– Can use centralized or distributed scheduling

• Centralized: RS forwards configuration info from BS which handles all scheduling• Distributed: RS can make scheduling decisions and generate its own configuration info for the

MS with which it communicates– Allows larger coverage area – Capacity enhancement may be limited due to interference in transmission of configuration

info from neighboring RS– Supports more than 2 hops: subordinates may be MS or another RS– May support dual radios, enabling simultaneous communication with MR-BS and

subordinates on separate channels (simultaneous transmit & receive=STR mode)


Frame Structure Changes

• DL and UL subframes divided into zones to support BS-RS communication and RS-MS communication

• Transparent mode– DL Access zone: BS to RS, BS to MS– DL Transparent zone (optional): RS to MS– UL Access zone: MS to BS, MS to RS– UL Relay zone: RS to BS

• Non-transparent mode– DL Access zone: BS to MS, RS to MS/RS– DL Relay zone: BS to RS– UL Access zone: MS to BS or RS– UL Relay zone: RS to BS– Two approaches to support multi-hop:

• Group frames into multi-frame with repeating pattern of relay zones, even-hop RSs transmit in even-number frames, odd-hop RSs transmit in odd-number frames

• Use 1 frame with multiple relay zones for use by even vs. odd-hop RSs• Relay zone may be allocated using only part of the available subchannels

This will be illustrated in the next few slides


Transparent Relay Frame Structure Example

Source: Figure 237a, IEEE 802.16j/D6RS to BSInitial ranging

RS non-initialranging

MS all ranging

MR-BS to RS

MR-BS to MS

RS toMR-BS

Safety zone allows RS to switch from Rx to Tx mode (R-RTG)

MS to RSRS to MS


Non-Transparent Relay Frame Structure Example

Source: Figure 237c, IEEE 802.16j/D6

MR-BS to MS

RS to MS/RS

MR-BS to RS

MS/RS to RS

Time-division transmit and receive (TTR) mode

Frames are time-aligned for MR-BS and RS

RS toMR-BS


Non-Transparent Relay Frame Structure ExampleSimultaneous transmit and receive (STR) mode

RS

Fram

eC

arrie

r f1

MR

-BS

Fram

e (C

arrie

r f1)

RS to MR-BS

MS to MR-BS

MR-BS to MS

MR-BS to RS

Car

rier f

2RS to MS

RS to Subordinate RS

Sub. RSTo RS

MS to RS

Source: Figure 237e, IEEE 802.16j/D6


Topics





IEEE 802.16m

• Project initiated in December 2006, target completion date is May 2010 for first release • Amendment to 802.16 WirelessMAN-OFDMA PHY to provide advanced air interface to

meet requirements of IMT-Advanced next generation networks, with support for legacy 802.16 OFDMA equipment

• Amendment Working Document in process, first 802.16m draft expected around Nov. 2009• Goal: provide at least 100 Mbps data throughput at high mobility (350 km/h) and 1 Gbps at

low mobility• System Requirements

– Systems operate in licensed spectrum below 6 GHz– Channel bandwidths: 5, 10, 20 MHz, with ability to aggregate multiple channels up to 40

MHz– Duplexing modes: TDD, FDD, H-FDD– Will coexist with other IMT-2000 and IMT-Advanced technologies– Will support handover with other radio access technologies (e.g. 802.11 WLAN, 3GPP,

W-CDMA, LTE, 3GPP2 cdma2000)– Expect >2x improvement in throughput of a data-only system when compared to Wave 2

MIMO system (DL 2x2, UL 1x2)


802.16m Requirements Summary

Feature Minimum Target

MIMO ConfigurationDL: 2x2

UL: 1x2

DL: 4x4 (2x4, 4x2 also allowed)

UL: 2x4 (1x4, 2x2 also allowed)

Peak Data Rates (per sector with 20 MHz BW)

DL: > 160 Mbps (2x2)

UL: > 56 Mbps (1x2)

DL: > 300 Mbps (4x4)

UL: > 112 Mbps (2x4)

Mobility Up to 350 km/hr Up to 500 km/hr

Maximum Data Latency < 10 ms

DL: > 15.0 bps/Hz (4x4)

UL: > 6.75 bps/Hz (2x4)

Intra-frequency: 27.5 ms

Inter-frequency: 40 ms within spectrum band, 60 ms between spectrum bands

DL: 0.26 bps/Hz, UL: 0.13 bps/HzDL: 0.09 bps/Hz, UL: 0.05 bps/Hz

> 60 active users/MHz/sector

(DL 2.6 bps/Hz/sector, UL 1.3 bps/Hz/sector)

Normalized Peak Data RateDL: > 8.0 bps/Hz (2x2)

UL: > 2.8 bps/Hz (1x2)

Maximum Handover Interruption Time

Throughput of Data-only System:Average user throughputCell edge user throughput

VoIP Capacity

Source: IEEE 802.16m-07/002r8,Jan. 15, 2009


802.16m Protocol StructureIncludes Advanced BS (ABS) and Advanced MS (AMS); some blocks may not be used for each

Support for multi-hop relay

PHY can span multiple channels of different bandwidths & duplexing modes

Support 802.16m and other format radios in same MS (e.g. WLAN, Bluetooth)

Performs forwarding functions when RS is in the path between BS and MS

Manage inter-cell/sector interference. Includes power control, Tx beamforming/precoding. Source: IEEE 802.16m-08/003r8


802.16m Draft: OFDMA ParametersNominal Channel Bandwidth (MHz) 5 7 8.75 10 20

Over-sampling Factor 28/25 8/7 8/7 28/25 28/25Sampling Frequency (MHz) 5.6 8 10 11.2 22.4

FFT Size 512 1024 1024 1024 2048Sub-Carrier Spacing (kHz) 10.937500 7.812500 9.765625 10.937500 10.937500

Useful Symbol Time Tu (µs) 91.429 128 102.4 91.429 91.429Symbol Time Ts (µs) 102.857 144 115.2 102.857 102.857

Number of OFDM symbols per Frame 48 34 43 48 48

Idle time (µs) 62.857 104 46.40 62.857 62.857Number of OFDM symbols per Frame 47 33 42 47 47

TTG + RTG (µs) 165.714 248 161.6 165.714 165.714Symbol Time Ts (µs) 97.143 136 108.8 97.143 97.143

Number of OFDM symbols per Frame 51 36 45 51 51

Idle time (µs) 45.71 104 104 45.71 45.71Number of OFDM symbols per Frame 50 35 44 50 50

TTG + RTG (µs) 142.853 240 212.8 142.853 142.853Symbol Time Ts (µs) 114.286 114.286 114.286

Number of OFDM symbols per Frame 43 43 43

Idle time (µs) 85.694 85.694 85.694Number of OFDM symbols per Frame 42 42 42

TTG + RTG (µs) 199.98 199.98 199.98TDD

FDDCyclic Prefix (CP)

Tg=1/4 Tu

TDD


Tg=1/16 Tu

TDD


Tg=1/8 Tu

Source: IEEE 802.16m/08-003r8 802.16m System Description Document


802.16m Frame Structure: Superframe Concept

1 superframe containssuperframe header and4 frames, 5 ms each

1 frame contains 8 subframes

3 types of subframes depending on size of cyclic prefix:Type-1 contains 6 symbols (shown here)Type-2 contains 7 symbolsType-3 contains 5 symbols(Some symbols may be idle)

Source: IEEE C802.16m-08/003r8


TDD Frame Structure with Type-1 Subframe, Cyclic Prefix = 1/8, DL:UL = 5:3

Superframe: 20 ms (4 frames, 32 subframes)

DL/UL PHY Frame 5 ms (8 subframes)

Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3

DLSF0 (6)

DLSF1 (6)

DLSF2 (6)

DLSF3 (6)

DLSF4 (5)

ULSF5 (6)

ULSF6 (6)

ULSF7 (6)

S0 S1 S2 S3 S4

S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5

RTG = 62.857 µs (Switching point)TTG = 102.857 µs

(Switching point)

Type-3 Subframe = 5 symbols = 0.514 ms

Cyclic prefix = 1/8Cyclic prefix = 1/8

Type-1 Subframe

Type-1 Subframe = 6 symbols =0.617 ms


FDD Frame Structure with Type-1 Subframe,Cyclic Prefix = 1/8

Superframe: 20 ms (4 frames, 32 subframes)

DL/UL PHY Frame 5 ms (8 subframes + idle time)

Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3

SF0 SF1 SF2 SF3 SF4 SF5 SF6 SF7

Idle time = 62.86 µsDL or UL Subframe = 0.617 ms

Type-1 Subframe = 6 symbols = 0.617 ms

One symbol = 102.857 µs Cyclic prefix = 1/8

S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5


TDD and FDD Frame Structures,Cyclic Prefix = 1/16

TDD Frame = 5 ms (DL:UL = 5:3)

Type-1 Subframe 6 symbols = 0.583 ms

Idle time = 45.71 µs

DLSF0 (7)

DLSF1 (6)

DLSF2 (6)

DLSF3 (6)

DLSF4 (6)

ULSF5 (6)

ULSF6 (6)

ULSF7 (7)

SF0 (7) SF1 (6) SF2 (6) SF3 (6) SF4 (7) SF5 (6) SF6 (6) SF7 (7)

S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5S0 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6Type-2 Subframe 7 symbols = 0.680 ms

RTG = 60 µs

1 symbol = 97.143 µs

TTG = 82.853 µs

FDD DL or UL Frame = 5 ms

For 5, 10, 20 MHz BW


Frame Structure Supporting Legacy FramesUsing Uplink Time Domain Multiplexing (TDM) Mode

DLSF2

DLSF3

DLSF4

ULSF6

ULSF7

DLSF2

DLSF3

DLSF4

ULSF6

ULSF7

DL UL DL UL

DLSF0

DLSF1

ULSF5

DLSF0

DLSF1

ULSF5

DLSF0

DLSF1

802.16m Frame 802.16m Frame

Legacy (802.16e) 5 ms frame

Frame Offset

Transmission for Legacy Devices

Transmission for 802.16m Devices

Legacy DL Zone

802.16mDL Zone

802.16mUL Zone

LegacyUL Zone

Legacy DL Zone

802.16mDL Zone

802.16mUL Zone

LegacyUL Zone

Time Zone Switching PointsTime Zones


Frame Structure Supporting Legacy FramesUsing Uplink Frequency Domain Multiplexing (FDM) Mode

Different subchannels used for legacy vs. 802.16m in the same symbols

Legacyuplink

802.16muplink

Source: IEEE C802.16m-09/0010r1a


Supporting Legacy Frames With Wider Channel (TDD)

During 802.16m DL and UL zones, 802.16m BS can use full multi-channel BW

802.16e Carrier802.16m MS may use one or more channels

802.16m BS uses 2 channels with guard band when 802.16e signal is using one channel

Source: IEEE C802.16m-08/003r4


802.16m Physical StructurePhysical Resource Unit (PRU): Basic physical

unit for resource allocation, consisting of Pscconsecutive subcarriers x Nsym consecutive symbols

• Psc = 18 subcarriers• Nsym depends on type of subframe: 6 for type-1,

7 for type-2, 5 for type-3

Phy

sica

l Sub

carr

iers FP

1Fr

eq. P

art.

2FP

3Subchannel 00

0102030405

. . .

Contiguousgroup

Distributedgroup

OuterPermutation

Perm

utat

ion

Perm

utat

ion

Perm

Contiguousgroup

Distributedgroup

InnerPermutation

. . .

PRU

Frequency partition divided into groups of contiguous(localized) resource units (CRUs) and/or distributedresource units (DRUs)

Contiguous groups are direct-mapped to logical resource units

PRUs are reordered and grouped into frequency partitions

Logical Resource Units (LRUs)

Permutation applied within distributed resource group to form distributed logical resource units

Contiguousgroup

Common across cells(semi-static) Defined within cells or sectors; may be dynamic


Downlink Pilot Structure• Pilot patterns are defined within a PRU• Common pilots can be used by all MS• Dedicated pilots can only be used by MSs allocated to specific resource allocation, and can be precoded or

beamformed in same way as data carriers in that resource allocation• Same pilot patterns for both common and dedicated pilots

Pattern A for 1 or 2 Tx. Pilot #1 and 2 are interlaced patterns for use by different BS. Pattern B for 4 TxPilot pattern # = mod(Cell_ID,3) Symbols

18 a

djac

ent s

ubca

rrie

rs

18 a

djac

ent s

ubca

rrie

rs

Subc

arrie

r ind

ex

Symbol

For type-3 subframe, symbol 3 is deleted.For type-2 subframe, 3rd symbol is added as 7th symbol.

For type-3 subframe with 5 symbols, last symbol is deleted.For type-2 subframe with 7 symbols, first symbol is added as 7th symbol.


Uplink Pilot Structure

• Pilot pattern specified within an 18x6 CRU for contiguous resources. DL Pilot #0 is used.• A DRU contains 6 tiles, each 6 subcarriers x 6 symbols

Freq

uenc

y

Time

• For legacy support, 802.16m PUSC has different tile structure to allow frequency-division multiplexing support for both legacy and 802.16m

• DRU in 802.16m PUSC contains 6 tiles, each 4 subcarriers by Nsym, where Nsym depends on the type of subframe

Pilot Pilot for Stream 1

Pilot for Stream 2

Source: IEEE 802.16m-08/003r8


Uplink Structure for PUSC

• For legacy support, subchannelization is same as for legacy UL-PUSC: – Usable subcarriers allocated to form tiles with 4 contiguous subcarriers– Tiles are permuted according to permutation in 802.16e

• Subchannels are assigned to legacy system or 802.16m system

Source: IEEE 802.16m-08/003r8


Downlink Control

• In mixed mode system (legacy + 16m), legacy preamble is present in first symbol of 802.16e frame.

• 802.16m MS does not need to decode legacy FCH and MAP messages; 802.16m has its own synchronization and control signals. (Additional details in Appendix slides)A-PREAMBLE Advanced Preamble Physical channel, provides reference for time, frequency, and frame

synchronization, RSSI estimation, channel estimation, and BS (cell) identification. One instance per superframe in fixed location (TBD)

PA-PREAMBLE Primary Advanced Preamble

Used for initial acquisition, superframe synchronization. Uses every other subcarrier, frequency reuse 1.

SA-PREAMBLE Secondary Advanced Preamble

Used for fine synchronization, cell/sector identification. Frequency reuse 3 is applied.

SFH Superframe Header Contains essential system parameters and system configuration info. Located in first subframe within a superframe, occupies up to 5 MHz BW. Uses QPSK modulation.

P-SFH Primary Superframe Header

Transmitted in every superframe, fixed size

S-SFH Secondary Superframe Header

May be transmitted over 1 or more superframes. Variable size, as indicated by P-SFH

A-MAP Advanced MAP Contains unicast service control information. May include scheduling assignment, power control info, HARQ ACK/NACK

E-MBS MAP Enhanced Multicast Broadcast Service MAP

Contains multicast service control information. Divided into cell-specific and non-cell-specific control channels.


MIMO in 802.16m

• ABS has at least 2 Tx antennas, AMS has at least 2 Rx antennas• Terminology:

– Single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO): one user scheduled in one resource unit (RU)• Examples: Wave 2 Matrix A, Matrix B

– Multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO): multiple users scheduled in one RU• Example: Wave 2 uplink collaborative spatial multiplexing

– Layer: Coding/modulation path fed to the MIMO encoder as an input (LTE calls this a “code word”)• In vertical encoding, there is only 1 layer (Wave 2)• In horizontal encoding, there are multiple layers

– Stream: Each output of the MIMO encoder that is passed to the beamformer/precoder (LTE calls this a “layer”)

– Rank = number of streams • Open-loop SU-MIMO supported for 2, 4, or 8 Tx antennas for transmit diversity and spatial

multiplexing• Closed-loop SU-MIMO using codebook-based precoding is supported for FDD and TDD. For

TDD, sounding-based precoding is also supported.• For MU-MIMO, 2 Tx antennas can support up to 2 users, while 4 or 8 Tx can support up to 4

MS for each RU. Codebook-based precoding is used.


802.16m MIMO Transmitter Architecture

Encoder &Modulator

Scheduler

Resource M

apping

MIM

O Encoder

Beam

former / Precoder

Feedback:CQI, CSI, ACK/NACK,Mode / rank / linkadaptation

Precoding Vector /Matrix

Encoder &Modulator

Encoder &Modulator

User 1Data

User 2Data

User 3Data

User KData

OFDM Signal Generation





Only 1 encoder block (layer) in vertical encoding, multiple encoder blocks in horizontal encoding.

Maps symbols to allocated resource units for each layer.

Maps L layers to > L streams.

Schedules users to resource units, decides allocation type (CRU or DRU), MCS, MIMO type and rank, band selection, power boosting

Maps streams to antenna outputs, applies precoding.

Layer control


Multi-ABS MIMO

• Multi-BS MIMO (open or closed loop) also supported, with feedback information shared by neighboring BS via network interface.

• In downlink, Collaborative MIMO (Co-MIMO) and Closed-Loop Macro Diversity (CL-MD) are possible techniques– Co-MIMO: Multiple ABS perform joint MIMO transmission to multiple AMSs located in

different cells

– CL-MD: Each group of antennas in one ABS performs single-user precoding with up to 2 streams independently, and multiple ABSs transmit the same or different streams to one AMS

– Sounding based Co-MIMO and CL-MD supported for TDD, codebook-based supported for both TDD and FDD.

• In uplink, multiple ABS can coordinate for macro-diversity combining (Rx), cooperative beamforming, and interference cancellation– ABSs can coordinate transmission of beams to reduce or eliminate interference– May require exchange of channel state or scheduling/resource allocation information,

received signals or decoded data.– Channel state information can be obtained from UL pilots or sounding signals.

2x2 MIMO Co-MIMO


Meeting the Challenge:2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

802.16j-2009(May 2009) Close of IMT-Advanced

Proposal Submission (Oct ’09)

802.16-2004802.16e-2005(Dec. 2005)

802.16-2004/Corrigendum 2

(Ended)802.16Rev2 “802.16-2009”

(May 2009)

802.16m(May 2010)

802.16m D1(Nov 2009)

IEEE Standards

WiMAX ForumMobile WiMAX

System Profiles

Release 1.0(2007)

Release 1.5(2009)

Release 2.0(2010-2011)

Wave 1Certification

(Dec ’07)

Wave 2Certification

(2008)


(2010)


(2011)

802.16m Working Doc

WiMAX ForumCertification

How to get your products from here to there?


NEW!

NEW!

FrameScope N2620A

Cable/Ant Tester N9330A

Handheld SA N9340ARCT system

(AT4 wireless)

Battery Drain characterization

Page 44

Drive Test E6474A

Software Solutions

• E8869 Mobile WiMAX Wireless Library

• 89601A VSA Software

• N7615B Signal Studio

• SystemVue W1911 WiMAX Baseband Verification Libraries

• SystemVue W1913ET WiMAX Baseband Exploration Libraries

WiMAX Protocol Analyzer

Certification Mfg I&M

Digital VSA

VSA, PSA, ESG, Scope, Logic Analyzer

R&D

DV andPre-RCT

Network Analyzers, Power supplies, and More!

N8300A WirelessNetworking Test Set

MXZ-1000test system

EXA/MXG

MXG, MXA

RPT System(ETS-Lindgren)

NEW!

E6651A Mobile WiMAX test set

N9912A RF Analyzer

PCT & NCTProtocol & Network Conformance Test

System

Signaling Analyzer WiMAX

J7910A

NEW!

Agilent WiMAX™ Portfolio

PXBRDX (DigRF)


Signal Generation Software and Hardware

N7615B Signal Studio for 802.16 WiMAX software

• Software creates Mobile WiMAX waveform files for DL & UL with flexible frame configuration• Connect to multiple hardware platforms for signal generation. MIMO supported using 2 ESG,

PSG, or MXG signal generators, PXB, or N8300A.• Supports Wave 1 and Wave 2 features including Matrix A, Matrix B, mixed Matrix A & B

bursts in one zone, UL collaborative spatial multiplexing, HARQ data allocations, AMC zones, UL sounding

• Supports some new 802.16Rev2/Release 1.5 features including CDD, H-FDD frames, and MIMO for DL AMC zones

WiMAX waveform

LAN or GPIB

E4438C ESGSignal Generator

N5162A/82A MXGSignal Generator

E8267D PSGSignal Generator

N5106A PXB MIMOReceiver Tester

Logic Analyzers, RDX N8300A WirelessNetworking Test Set

Analog or digital baseband or RF WiMAX signal


Creating Faded Signals for MIMO Receiver Test

Two solutions available:1. Add fading simulation to the

waveform data files created by Signal Studio• Length of fading simulation limited by

maximum waveform length (64 Msamples)

• Inexpensive solution, suitable for basic MIMO receiver verification or troubleshooting

2. Generate/playback waveform and add real-time fading with the N5106A PXB MIMO Receiver Tester

Faded analog I/Q

Faded RF

N5106A PXB

N5182A MXGs

OR

Rx

Tx0

Tx Tx1Data

Chan H00

Chan H01

Chan H10

Chan H11

Σ

Σ

Rx0

Rx1Rx

Tx0

Tx Tx1Data

Tx0

Tx Tx1Data

Chan H00

Chan H10

Chan H01

Chan H11

ΣΣ

ΣΣ

Rx0Rx0

Rx1Rx1

N7615BCreate waveform files with or without fading

Unfadedwaveforms

Faded Digital

I/Q

OR

All channel models required by the WiMAX ForumRadio Conformance Tests are available in both solutions.

N5102A Digital signal interface module


Signal Analysis Hardware, Software

• Option B7Y 802.16 OFDMA Modulation Analysis for DL & UL Mobile WiMAX

• Works with the hardware and simulation tools shown on left

• MIMO analysis using two X-series signal analyzers, oscilloscope, or VXI VSA as measurement hardware

• Simultaneous measurements and displays with coupled markers aid in troubleshooting

• Supports 2-antenna Matrix A and B and UL collaborative spatial multiplexing, with matrix decoder to remove channel effects

• Decoding of MAPs for automatic configuration of demodulation setup

• Detects CDMA ranging codes and cyclic delay between antennas

89601A Vector Signal Analysis (VSA) SoftwarePSA Spectrum Analyzer X Series Signal Analyzers

89640 VXI VSA

Logic Analyzers

Oscilloscopes

ADS & SystemVue Simulation Software

RDX for DigRF


Real MIMO Signal Capture with 2 MXAs and VSA

0.43% EVM


Resources and References

• Information on Agilent’s WiMAX products, applications notes, recorded Webcasts: www.agilent.com/find/wimax

• WiMAX Forum Web site: www.wimaxforum.org• WiMAX Forum System Requirements and System Profiles:

http://www.wimaxforum.org/documents/documents (Release 1.0) http://www.wimaxforum.org/resources/documents/technical/release1.5 (Release 1.5)

• Information on proposed and deployed WiMAX networks: http://www.wimaxmaps.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_deployed_WiMAX_networks

• 802.16 Maintenance Task Group (802.16Rev2) Web Page: http://www.ieee802.org/16/maint/index.html

• 802.16m Task Group Web Page: http://www.ieee802.org/16/tgm/index.html• 802.16j Task Group Web Page: http://www.ieee802.org/16/relay/index.html• IEEE 802.16Rev2/D8: Air Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems• IEEE 802.16j/D6a: Multihop Relay Specification• IEEE 802.16m-07/002r8: 802.16m System Requirements• IEEE 802.16m-08/003r8: 802.16m System Description Document• IEEE 802.16m-08/050, 802.16m-09/0010r1a: IEEE 802.16m Amendment Working

Document



Mobile WiMAX Certification and the E6651A

Presented by:Mirin Lew

Applications Specialist,Microwave & Communications Division

July 1, 2009

Page 50


Agenda

• Introduction to WiMAX Certification Testing • Progress Update

• Protocol Conformance Test Validation and Certification• Network Conformance Test• Radio Requirements Test• Mobile Interoperability Test

WiMAX Forum® is a registered trademark of the WiMAX Forum

Page 51


WiMAX Certification Testing

Certification Testing includes:Radio Conformance Test (RCT)Protocol Conformance Test (PCT)Network Conformance Test (NCT)Mobile Interoperability Test (mIOT)Radiated Performance Test (RPT)Radio Requirements Test (RRT)

In parallel with the certification testing there is an on-going validation process to add more tests to the Certification Requirements Status List (CRSL), increasing the scope of certification test

Page 52


CRSL: Certification Requirements Status List

The CRSL provides:– List of test cases by category (RCT, PCT, NCT, RPT, RRT, mIOT)– Evolving requirements (growing) for certification testing– List of test platforms validated to perform each test

The CRSL is a WiMAX Forum document and is regularly updated

Page 53


Profile Names

• Update on the profile name changes …

Band Class Certification Group (BCG)

Old Profile Name

New Profile Name Spectrum Band

Channel Bandwidth Duplexing

1.A MP01 M2300T-01 2.3-2.4 GHz 8.75 MHz TDD

1.B MP02 M2300T-02 2.3-2.4 GHz 5/10 MHz TDD

3.A MP05 M2500T-01 2.496-2.69 GHz 5/10 MHz TDD

5.AL MP09 M3500T-02 3.4-3.6 GHz 5 MHz TDD

5.BL MP10 M3500T-03 3.4-3.6 GHz 7 MHz TDD

5.CL MP12 M3500T-05 3.4-3.6 GHz 10 MHz TDD

Page 54


WiMAX Validation Process – Key Definitions

Certified• WiMAX MS and BS are tested by WiMAX Forum designated laboratories

(WFDCL) to verify that they pass WiMAX certification regime defined in WiMAX Certification Requirements Status List (CRSL)

• If they pass, they are certified to carry the WiMAX logo• Certification ensures equipment from multiple vendors will work together

enabling operator and consumer confidence in technology brand

Validated• Test equipment and procedures have to be validated by the WiMAX Forum

before they can be used for certification testing

Page 55


WiMAX Certification Testing

RCTRadio Conformance

Test

RF parametric tests (signal powers, spectral occupancy, modulation quality, sensitivity, power control

AT4 and R&S are in the validation process

PCTProtocol Conformance Test

Execute script based tests for protocol behavior (Ranging, Subscriber station basic capability negotiation, service flow addition …)

Aeroflex/AT4, Agilent, and Aniteare in the validation process

RPTRadiated Performance

Test

Power and sensitivity measurements using real antennas in an anechoic chamber

Available from ETS Lindgren & Satimo with Agilent E6651A

mIOTMobile WiMAX

Interoperability Test

Inter-operability testing with 3 vendors of MS/BS reference equipment. Testing done in a certification lab

Page 56

http://us.zyxel.com/web/product_family_detail.php?PC1indexflag=20060307175308&CategoryGroupNo=PDCA2006036


WiMAX Forum & Certification Progress Update• 7 WiMAX Forum Designated Certification Labs

– Spain: AT4 Wireless– U.S.: AT4 Wireless– Korea: Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA)– China: China Academy of Telecommunication Research– Taiwan (2): Bureau Veritas ADT and TTC-CCS– Malaysia: MIMOs

• New labs planned to be added in India, Japan, and Brazil later in 2009• Over 100 products have been certified for Mobile WiMAX in 2.3, 2.5, 3.5 GHz

bands– 47 Base stations and 58 Subscriber stations have now been certified

• NCT was added to certification June 2009• 3.5 GHz MS and BS have now been certified using Agilent PCT equipment in

Asian, European and US labs• 2.3 GHz profile (5, 10, 8.75 MHz BW) PCT validation will take place in Q3/Q4

2009, ready to expand certification to include these profiles• 700 MHz profiles expected late 2009/early 2010

New


Agilent in Radio Conformance Test (RCT)

AT4 Wireless (formerly CETECOM Spain) WiMAX Radio Conformance Test Systems

• Agilent Channel Partner since 2001• Founded in 1991, 250 Employees• Lead WiMAX Forum Designated

Certification Lab• MINT T2210 WiMAX RCT System with

Agilent instruments

Page 58


E6651A and Wireless Test Manager (WTM) For Pre-Conformance test

Test steps are developed with reference to the RCT spec

Page 59


Agilent in PCT (Protocol Conformance Test)

Bench top single BSE/MSE system for

MS and BS test

3 BSE system for MS test

Page 60


Agilent Certification Update

• Agilent has more total WiMAX PCT test cases validated than any other PCT platform, but the greatest strength of the Agilent PCT system is its versatility – the E6651A is truly the WiMAX ‘Swiss Army Knife’

• E6651A/N6430A PCT system is the ONLY solution to be used by ALL WFDCLs (WiMAX Forum Designated Certification Labs)

• Agilent has the most NCT test cases validated• Sprint and Clearwire news is infusing cash into the WiMAX eco-system.

New networks in Europe and other regions are driving certification of devices at 3.5 GHz – Agilent has excellent 3.5 GHz test case coverage.

단기 4342년7월 3일


Agilent Validation Status

2.3-2.4 GHz 2.5-2.7 GHz 3.4-3.6 GHz8.75 MHz 5 & 10 MHz 5 MHz 7 MHz 10 MHz

TEV 1TEV 2

Validated Test Cases

As of June 18, 2009 TEV = Test Equipment Vendor


NCT – Network Conformance Test … what is it?

• Additional TTCN-3 testing for Network layer conformance testing (PCT is primarily MAC layer testing)– MS Test only and Profile independent

• Scope includes multiple network protocols:– DHCP, EAP security, 802.16g (Network Mgt), MIPv4 and 6 (Mobility), IGMP, ICMP

ICMPIGMP

MIPv4/6802.16g

Security

PHY

Low MAC

PCT Test Adaptor NCT Test Adaptor

WiMAX PCT TTCN-3

WiMAX CODEC

WiMAX NCT TTCN-3

DHCP

PHY

MAC

Network

CODECS

TRI interface

NCT

PCT


mIOT (Mobile Interoperability Test)

• Purpose• Demonstrate base level inter-operability between device under test and

golden “reference units”• Tests applicable to both MS and BS• Designed to streamline the Operator acceptance process

• Reference Units and Certification Units• The initial plan was to select reference units which would be certified

golden units that would be used for mIOT testing• This has had problems due to the support load on the vendors and

the availability of bands & features• Recently the WiMAX form agreed to relax the requirements so that

certification units (any unit that has been certified) could be used for mIOT

• Proposal to use test equipment• There is also some interest in allowing test equipment to be used for

mIOT testing

Page 64


Agilent in RPT (Radiated Performance Test)

Fiber Optics for MAPS system

Dual Polarized Measurement Antenna

GPIB

Signal Analyzer

Mobile WiMAX Test Set

RF Relay Switch Unit

MAPS Controller

Communication Antenna near EUT

WiMAX Mobile Station

Measurement Signal Path

Communication PathPC running EMQuest™software

Multi-Axis Positioning System (MAPS)

ETS-Lindgren’s WiMAX Dynamic Range Extender

ETS-Lindgren AMS-8500 system Satimo SG64 WiMAX RPT Systemwww.satimo.comwww.ets-lindgren.com

Page 65

http://www.ets-lindgren.com/

http://www.satimo.com/

http://www.satimo.fr/eng/index.php?categoryid=1


RRT: Radio Requirements Testing

• Purpose• Radio Requirements Testing is additional RF testing which is commonly

required by national regulatory bodies who license the RF spectrum.• The testing can either be done as part of regulatory testing (for example FCC)

or can be completed during the certification process • MS testing only

• What is required?• A Base Station Emulator (i.e. E6651A) and some general purpose test

equipment• Is it part of the validation process?

• No, although the testing must be done to the ISO standard 17025.

Page 66


Summary

• 2009 has seen great progress with WiMAX Certification• Over 100 devices now certified

• Agilent has extensive coverage of the certification test requirements• Leadership position in NCT and PCT validation• RPT solutions through partnership with ETS Lindgren and Satimo• E6651A base station can also be used:

• Perform pre-RCT tests for Wave 1 requirements• To establish a link for RRT testing• Test many of the features defined in the mIOT testing

Page 67


You take WiMAX forward. Agilent clears the way.

For WiMAX: www.agilent.com/find/wimax

For E6651A: www.agilent.com/find/E6651A

Page 68

http://www.agilent.com/find/wimax

http://www.agilent.com/find/E6651A



Appendix


2-antenna Matrix A (Alamouti STC)(2 Tx BS, 1 Rx SS)

Notes: s0* is the complex conjugate of s0

h0 and h1 are the channel vectors

Symbolto

AntennaMapping

Diversityencoder

Bits to Symbol Mapping

e.g. QPSK

b0 ,b1 ,b2 ,b3... s0, s1 ...

1,1,1,0... -1-j1, 1-j1...

s0, -s1*

...

s1 ,s0*

...

I

11

01 00

t1, t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

h1

r0, r1 ... Rx

h0

s0 = h0*r0 + h1 r1

*

s1 = h1*r0 – h0 r1

*

S0 and S1 are estimates of S0 and S1

• Each symbol transmitted twice, once from each antenna• Receiver observes two symbols at a time, recovers data based on knowledge of channel • Channel estimated from pilots. Pilot locations repeat every 4 symbols (2 slots).• Matrix A improves range (diversity technique) but does not increase overall data rate (rate 1)• Preamble and first DL-PUSC zone transmitted from antenna 0 only. STC DL-PUSC zone

transmitted from both antennas.


2-antenna Matrix B (2x2 MIMO)(2 Tx BS, 2 Rx SS)

[ ][ ] =[ ] s0

s1

r0

r1

h00 h01

h10 h11

R=HS or

S=H-1R

Bits to Symbol Mapping

e.g. QPSK

TxSymbol

toAntennaMapping

b0 ,b1 ,b2 ,b3... s0, s1, S2, S3, ...

1,1,1,0... -1-j1, 1-j1...

s0, s2...

s1 ,s3...

I

11

01 00

t1, t2 (time)

10

Q

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

r0, r2 ...

Rxr1, r3 ...

h00

h01

h10

h11

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

• Matrix B with vertical encoding takes one set of encoded data (“layer”) and maps it to 2 transmit streams, with half the data on each antenna: doubles the data rate (rate 2)

• Transmitted signals pass through 4 channels hxx. Signals at receive antennas are a combination of signals from both Tx antennas.

• Signal recovery requires knowledge of channels, which are estimated from pilots• Preamble and first DL-PUSC transmitted from antenna 0, matrix B zone transmitted from both antennas.• WiMAX Forum has developed Mobile WiMAX MIMO channel models: ITU Pedestrian B and Vehicular A

with spatial correlation matrix for each tap


Uplink Collaborative Spatial Multiplexing(2 SS with 1 Tx each, BS with 2 Rx)

BS

Rx

h0A

h1A

h0B

h1B

Antenna 0

Antenna 1

SS #1

SS #2

Pattern A

Pattern B

• Allows two SS to transmit using the same subchannels• One SS uses pattern A, the other uses pattern B. Pilots are unique to each SS.• Transmission between each SS and the BS is 1x2 SIMO• Different channel models can be applied between each SS and BS, e.g. ITU

Pedestrian B for SS #1 and ITU Vehicular A for SS #2. Signal at each BS antenna is a combination of signals from two SS’s with different fading.


802.16j MAC Layer Aspects

RS Grouping• RS may have either a MR-BS or another (non-transparent) RS as its superordinate station• Each group of RS is assigned a multicast CID as a group ID• MR-BS or superordinate RS handles resource control and scheduling for the group• All RSs in the group will either transmit the same preamble, FCH, and MAPs, or all will

transmit no preamble/FCH/MAPs • Two RS belonging to same RS group may transmit to same MS for macrodiversity

Data Forwarding • CID Connections

– Packets forwarded based on the CID of the destination station (same as 802.16e)• Tunnel Connections

– Tunnels may be established between MR-BS and RS, or between MR-BS and superordinate of an RS group

– Used to aggregate traffic for different MSs with similar quality of service (QoS) requirements, for either management or transport connections

– Relay header added to MAC PDU to indicate CID of the tunnel connection to be used


802.16j MAC Layer Aspects

Initial Ranging and Network Entry• Process must be compatible for 802.16e MS, but network needs to determine which BS or RS should be

the access node for the MS• Set of ranging codes reserved for RS, so BS or NT_RS knows if it is receiving initial ranging request from a

RS or MS• Transparent Mode

– RS monitors ranging channel in UL access zone and forwards ranging codes to BS, or BS receives ranging code directly from MS

– BS determines if MS should connect via direct path or through RS. If direct, BS sends response to MS. Otherwise, response sent to RS to forward to MS.

• Non-transparent Mode– MS Initial Ranging

• MS chooses BS or NT_RS with strongest preamble• If NT_RS receives ranging signal, it handles ranging functions but still makes network entry query to BS which makes

final decision– RS Initial Ranging and Network Entry

• Ranging code sent to MR-BS or NT_RS (ignored by transparent RS), handled similar to MS ranging• BS may request RS to send signal strength info for neighboring RS• BS determines which RS and/or MS to associate with RS and configures RS parameters, including relay mode and

scheduling mode


802.16m Downlink Control: Advanced Preamble

• In mixed mode system (legacy + 16m), legacy preamble will be present in first symbol of 802.16e frame. 802.16m MS does not need to decode legacy FCH and MAP messages: new messages for 802.16m.

• Earlier versions of draft 802.16m System Description Document included new control channels similar to LTE, such as Synchronization Channel (SCH) and Broadcast Channel (BCH), but names have now been changed

• Advanced Preamble (A-PREAMBLE)– Physical channel, provides reference signal for time, frequency, and frame synchronization,

RSSI estimation, channel estimation, and BS identification. One instance per superframe in fixed location (TBD), may consist of multiple symbols.• Primary Advanced Preamble (PA-PREAMBLE)

– Used for initial acquisition, superframe synchronization. Common to a group of sectors/cells. Fixed 5 MHz BW.

– Uses every other subcarrier, supports timing synchronization by autocorrelation with a repeated waveform.

• Secondary Advanced Preamble (SA-PREAMBLE)– Used for fine synchronization, cell/sector identification.

– MIMO channel estimation supported; details TBD. May include:• Cyclic delay diversity with specific delay values for each antenna• Multiple antennas transmit on same symbol on different subcarriers• Transmit different A-PREAMBLE sequences on multiple antennas• Only one antenna transmits in each symbol


802.16m Superframe Header (SFH)

• Carries system parameters and system configuration information• Located in first subframe within a superframe, occupies up to 5 MHz BW.

May be frequency-domain multiplexed with data in same subframe. • Divided into 2 parts:

– Primary Superframe Header (P-SFH)• Transmitted every superframe, fixed size

– Secondary Superframe Header (S-SFH)• When present, may be transmitted over 1 or more superframes• Variable size, as indicated by P-SFH

– Details of information content in P-SFH and S-SFH is TBD– Transmitted using QPSK– 2-stream space-frequency block coding (SFBC) with two Tx antennas

may be used. For > 2 antennas, add precoding. MS not required to know antenna configuration or precoding info prior to decoding P-SFH.


802.16m Advanced MAPs (A-MAP)

• Location of A-MAPs– First 802.16m DL subframe of each frame contains one A-MAP region– A-MAP regions are located 1 or 2 subframes apart. Data allocations

may refer to any subframes between successive A-MAP regions.– In TDD, first DL subframe after each UL-to-DL transition contains one

A-MAP• Unicast service control information

– Includes info not directed to specific user, such as info required to decode user-specific control info

– User-specific control info may include scheduling assignment, power control info, HARQ ACK/NACK info

• Multicast service control sent in Enhanced Multicast Broadcast Service MAPs (E-MBS MAPs): details TBD

Documents

Agilent, Your Partner in Advancing New Wireless Communications Mobile WiMAX… · 2009-07-15 · State of the WiMAX Market Source: Red = Fixed WiMAX Yellow = Mobile WiMAX The Good