Tim hiu vMicro tinh din mt hanhl amt dangt hngt i nphbi nnht cuaconnguoi ,duocsudungdut i n. Chodnnayti ngnoi vnl aphuongt huc chuyudgi aot i pgi uanguoi voi nguoi .Ti ngnoi t ruct i pkhngt ht ruyndi xamanhucut hng t i ndi xangaycangphbi n. Vi vybucconnguoi nghi ra phuongt huct ruynmt hanhmoi . Dol acachbi nmt hanht hanh t i nhi udi nsudungmi cro.Nm1877, nguoi Anht nl aDavi dHughensphat mi nhra mi cro 1. Bin dithun ngh|ch mthanht n hi udi nv nguyn l tuongtdi nco Mi croval oal at hi t bi ducui cuanhi uht hngt hng t i n. Trongchungxayrabi ndi mt hanht hanht i nhi udi nva nguocl ai . Chungl amt hphuct apbaogmcacphnhmhoc,cohoc, di nhoct uongt acvoi nhau. Cachdaodngm, co, di n t uykhacnhaunhi uvvt l y, nhungcot hduocmi ut abng nhungbi ut huct oanhoct uongt unhau. Chonnnguoi t acot h sudungphuongphapt i nhmachdi ndhoant hi nvacacmaymoc dol uongdi ndhoanhao.Thuccht cut aoMi crol amt chi cl oat hunho, vcut ao Mi crogi ngl oanhungMi crocosvongqunt rncundyl on honl oart nhi uvi vyt rokhangcuacundymi crol art l on khoang600O(t rokhangl oat u4O-16O)ngoai ramangmi cr o cngduoccut aort mongdddangdaodngkhi comt hanh t acdngvao. Loal at hi t bi dchuyndongdi nt hanhmt hanh conmi crot hi nguocl ai , Mi crodimt hanht hanhdongdi nm t n. Ddct rungchokhanngbi ndi nngl uong, t adi nhnghi hs ghepdi ncol a: 0

;= =Trongl oa: l ucFl ahuongungdura, dongdi nmt nIl a t acdngduvao.Trongmi crosucdi ndngel ahuongungdura, t cddi ch chuyncuamangrung, vl at acdngduvao; Mcangl onbi ut hihi usut cangcao.Mi cro: Dnhayhuongt ruccuami crol at ysdi napduracuami crovoit hanhapt acdngkhi huongt ruynmnguochuongt rucmcua mi cro(cungphuong) 0 2/7,: 2;52g = | Pl at hanhapt aivi t ri dt mi cro.Nudnhaycuami crokhngt haydi di voi t t cacacgoc t oi cuahuongt ruynsongmt hi mi cr odol avhuong. Thuct su dungcami crovhuongl nmi crodi nhhuong. Dct uynhuongl a t ysgi uadnhay 7gvoi dnhayhuongt ruc 0g. 0( ) 7g7g=Goc7 l agocl chgi uahuongt ruynmsovoi huongt ruc mcuami cro. Nguoi sudungmongmundct uynhuong( ) 7khngt haydi t heot ns.Dct i nht nscuami crol asuphut huccuadnhayhuong t rucdi voi t ns:0( ) g Tapmni bcuami croduocxacdi nh20lg9,9:

:= ; voi9,: l a di napt apmni b,9: l adi napt i nhi udurami crot uong ungvoi t hanhap1 ar - 3 t acdngvaomi cro. Di uki nt humvat i nhphuonghuongcuami cro:t ruocht , t axetvndmaot ruongmt ai vungcovt t hnao dodochi nhvt t hdogyra. Hsmeot ruongmduocdi nh nghi : ,5;5=,5 l at hanhapt aivungxet khi covt t h;Pl at hanhapt aivungdokhi khngcovat t h. Quacut rongt ruongm Mi crodungdt hum, nhungbant hannol ai l ammeot ruong m. Dt humt rungt huct hi t ruocht phai coki cht huocnhobe vacohi nhdangphuhop(saochomept ruongml akhngdang k).Dl amrdct uynhuongcuami cro, t agi at hi t mi croco danghi nhnoncut vat rucl amt hanhvoi huongt oi cuammt goc 7 , coday 1S quayvngunmvaday2Snhuhi nhvduoi : Tai2Ssongmt ungundochnhl chqungduongxmal chpha sovoi songmt ai1S .os x c 0 7 =osx9 cc c 0 7 = A= =Phndi nrabi ndi co-di nchi ut acdngt nghopcua t hanhapt ai1S va 2S. Xut phat t ut rnt acot hchungmi nh: 1 2 2( )x S S f S7g = + + , l ahsphut huccut aomi cro;Ml ahsdi n-co.a)Numi crokhngt humomt sau,20 S = , t hi( ) 1 7 = . Khidomi crogoi l avhuongvagoi l ami crot hut hanhap. 2S1Sos x c 0 7 =70 b)Numi crot humcao 1S va 2Svoi1 2S S = , vakt cut hi ch hop, t aco( ) osc 7 7 = . Khi domi crocodct i nhhuonghi nhs8va goi l ami crot hugradi ent t hanhap. c)Truonghopt runggi angi uahai t ruonghopt rnl ami cro t humchuyuo 1S , phnphuo 2Svavoi kt cut hi chhopt aco: Cac dc tinh phuong huong din hinh cua micro Mi crophonecort nhi udang. Chungkhacnhauvhi nh dang, ki chcvaki ut hi t k. Tuynhi nmucdi chcuami crophone chi comt , dol achuyndi nhungrungdngcohoc(duoi dangap l uckhngkhi )sangnngl uongdi nt usaudochungcot hduoc khuchdai hoct hul ai . Subi ndi nngl uongdi nrakhi khng khi l amrungdngmt manchnni voi mt bphncot ht aora mt dongdi nnho.Cobakt hut cobanduocdungdt aoracacmi crophonet rong phongt hu, vacabaki uducochungbat hanhphnchi nh: Mangrung(di aphragm):mt hanhdpvaomangrungt aoracacrungdngt heosongm.Dcot ht ai t aol ai duoccacmt hanhcot nscaot hi mangrung phai cangmongcangt t .Bi nnng(t ransducer):Bi ndi nhungrungdngcohoccuamangrungt hanhcact i nhi u di n.Vochup(casi ng):Ngoai vic bao v cho mang rung va bin nng, vo chup con giup diu khin huong thu cua microphone. Mi crophonecort nhi ul oai , nhungkhai quat , chungt a cot hchi ara3l oai t heocachcut aosau: -Loai Dynami c(di ndng): Cut aoboi mt mangmong gnvaomt vonggmnhi ul opdydng, dt t rongmt t ut ruong (namchmvi nhcuu). Khi cot acdngcuamt hanhl nmangs t aoramt t i nhi udi nxoaychi u. Loai nayduocnganhmt hanh chungt asudungrngri nht .-Loai Ruban(Ruybng): Cngnhut r n, nocomt t ut ruong bngnamchmvi nhcuunhungbaoquanhgi ai nhmt ht mongco khi duocgpnhundt ngdnhycohoc. Loai nayduocxeml a nhy(sensi t i vi t y)nht nhungrt dhukhi gpchndngmanh,ngaycakhi t hi manhvaonocngcot hgyanhhuongchtl uongnnchi duocsudungt rongcacphongt hum.-Loai Condenser(Tudi n-Ti nhdi n): Loai naygm2mang ki ml oai mongdt l nnhau, ogi ual amt l opcachdi nt uongt u nhucut aocuamt t udi n. Khi apvoi nomt di nt i chDC, nos gyramt t i nhi udi nnucomt hanhl amrung2mangki ml oaido, bngcacht haydi di ndung. Trongt huct , nguncpdi n naydoMi xercungcpgoi l aPhant om, noduamt ngundi nDC 40vol t dongrt nhovaot t cacacJackXLR3i nput cuami xer.Mi crophonecort nhi uki udangt uyt heocachngnit i ngsanxut nhuEl ect rovoi ce, Sennhei ser, Shure, AKG,Neumann, RCAv/ v.Nhungchungt achi l ymt nhnhi uShure dl ammuvi t rongl nhvucmt hanht hgi oi vaVi t Nam, no rt t hngdung.Model Shuret hngdungnht l aSM58sudungchocasi , no t hugi onghat t rungt hucvakhngbi t apm(xemhi nh). SM57sudungchohuht cacnhaccunhuTrng(drum), Gui t arampl i v/ v. SM87l al oai condenser, sudungMi xerphai coPhant om.Ngoai seri esSM, Shureconcoseri esBet a, cut aogi ngnhuSM,nhungcot hmmt cundydngcot acdungchnghu(Ieed-back). Seri esnayrt hoanhao, nhunggi abant huonggpdiseri esSM.Dt i nl oi hon, t rnsnkhuchuynnghi pcondungmt l oaimi crophonenhucacl oai t rnnhungkhngcodyni t i nhi u. Do l ami crokhngdy(wi rel essmi crophone). Nogmmt mi cro t huongcognmt mayphat songnho(t ransmi t t er)dungpi nkh,vamt mayt husong(recei ver). Ngr a(out put )cuarecei vercot i n hi unhumi cot huongdni vaomi xer. Tnsphatsongl aVHF vaUHF. Di nhi ndungUHFcht l uongscaohon. Hi nht rnl a2l oai wi rel essmi crophonecuahngShure:Seri esUTchoUHFvaLXchoVHF. Trnl yt huyt cuahng Shure, khoangcachgi uaMi crophonevaRecei vercot hdat t oi 100 met , nhungkhi t huct sudungt anndt t i da30met l avua. 2. Micro tinh din (4ndenser micr45h4ne) Condensermi crophonecohai di adxacdi n: mt caicot hdi chuyngi ngnhumangrung, mt cai cdi nhgoi l a "mi nghu"(backpl at e). Hai di anaycodi nduongvam voi mt khoangkhngogi uat aot hanhmt t udi n(chi nhvivymanocot ngoi "condenser").Trongmi crot udi n, nut mdngchi ut acdngcua t hanhapdi uhoa, t hidaodng: f 92x x0=Tuongung, di ndungt udi nbaogmt hanhphnbi n t hi n: 0SC, x1=+ Trongdo:01 l ahngsdi nmi ;Sl adi nt i cht u;al akhoangcacht i nhgi ua2t mt u.Tadbi t : 00000 0 20; ;1( )

S dq q CUCd9 ,xUS dC 0, U U f xd9 , x :f C11= = == =< =+ voi0 0 0x f x ;0 U U U, f , f , = = =va 01

:f C =20 30 , 2 3 = , bdaymangrung5 2 3 02 100 C 5 = Ngun 0U1chi u20 200 DCJ DCJ Ngundaodngcaot nc10MHzb| di uchtns boi da4dngcuatmdng mt hanhdpvaomangrungt aorasut haydi di n t h. Mt denbandnhayt ransi t orFETduocdungdt ng di nt h. Nocnphai conngl uongdhoat dngvaxul y t i nt ngm. Luongdi nt i ut hucaododocact hanhphn cnphai l onvannghon. Mt smi crophonecori ngmthpcungcpdi nt ubnngoai (Xemhi nhduoi ). O trang thai binh thuong condenser microphone co mt mt b phn thu da huong. Mt s l nho duoc duc trn "dia hu" d giup lam diu nay. Cac l nho co tac dung lam chm cac m thanh o dng sau mang rung, cho cac m thanh o dng truoc, ri sau do loc bo m thanh o du ra. Tn s duoc loc phu thuc vao kich c va vi tri cua cac l. Condenser microphone thuong hoi bi rung ting o khoang tn s tu 8 dn 12 kHz. lim mnh: co dap tn rt n tuong di voi cac tn s cao va cng co th co dap tn rt tt di voi cac tn s thp, d trung thuc cao,dai dng lon, chiu chn dng, tiu hinh hoa duoc. Do do micro tinh din tro thanh duoc ua chung nht. lim yu: gia ca tu trung binh dn cao, doi hoi phai cung cp nng luong, co th co kich thuoclon;haimicrophonecuacungmthngcothnghehoantoankhacnhau,mi truong va nhit d anh huong dn cht luong m thanh. 3) Mt s san 5hm thc t: `) SM86 V4cal Micr45h4neMi croShureSM86l al oai mi crot udi nmtchi u(uni di rect i onal )hocCardi oi d(C)danhchonhungnghsichuynnghi pt ronghoat dngbi udi nt ruct i p.gi a: 3. 220. 000VNDSM86Vocal Mi crophone SM86 la loai micro bn chc, co th chiu duoc nhung diu kin khc nghit cua cac tour luu din nhung vn mang dn cht luong m thanh tt nhu dang o trong phong thu. Dc tuyn tn s cua micro SM86 tao ra su sc net trong m thanh. Bup huong cardioid lam ni bt ngun m thanh chinh va giam thiu cac tap m xung quanh. B chng rung ba chn cho du micro va mang loc 2 lop luoi giup cho nguoi su dung tranh duoc cac tap m khi cm mic, m gio va ting tho. SM86 la su lua chon hop li du cho ban su dung cung voi h thng diu khin sn khu hay h thng tai nghe kim tra ca nhn. L4i Mi cr4t di n T nhl| nhHunglahung Trokhngdanhd| nh2K4hm l5t uyntns50-13, 000Hz hi udi dy5mkcaducm ngtcngtcdi nON/ OFF li n5h4tdngti uchun1. 3V Thi gi ansudngl i nt c100gi Ngundi nPi nt huyngn(Mal 4ryH-)K chco1452mm Trngl ung140g(kcaPi n)Phki n1b5i n, 1k5gi mi cr4 *)Mi crophonenhobngmt chi pdondut i nt rnt hgi oiHngchuynsanxut chi pmt hanhAkust i ca(M)vuaramtt hi t bi AKU2000, coki cht huocchi nhumt t hi t bi xul yvaduoc xydungt heoquyt ri nhsanxut si l i conchun. AKU2000. (Akust i ca)Chi pmoi mangdncht l uongdamt hoai caohonchodi nt hoaiSkypenhungt rongmayt i nhxacht ayhocmt hanhrnet cho vi deot hubngmayanhs. . .Mi crognt rongl apt op, di nt hoai di dng, mayghi m, maynghe nhac. . . hi nnaychuyul aECM(El ect ret CondenserMi crophone).ECMl at hi t bi anal og, t uct husongmt hgi oi t huct hngqua mt mangdcbi t vat ruynt oi bchuyndi t i nhi ut udang anal og(t uongt u)sangdi gi t al (kt hut s). Dgi amdnhi uva t ranht i nht rangt i nhi ubi ngt qung, ECMphai duoccachl y khoi dydi nvanhungt hanht khac.Trongkhi do, mangAKU2000sudungmt t rongnhungl opki m l oai chi p(chi pduoccut aot ucacl opsi l i convaki ml oai ). Thi tbi anal og-di gi t al schuyndi cacdaodngt hanht i nhi us.Tt cacacbphnnaynmgont rongmt chi pdon4x4mm. Nha sanxut cot hcai 2-4chi pchomayt i nhxacht ayvadi nt hoaidt ngcht l uongmt hanh."Nuquant mdnVoIP, banscnmt chi cmi crokt hut s",Ji mRock, Gi amdcdi uhanhcuaAkust i cakhngdi nh. "Ttnhi n, AKU2000khngt hl ami cror enht t rnt hi t ruong". Chi p cuaAkust i cascogi a3, 76USD/ chi cchogoi sanphm1. 000don vi . 4) Kt lun: Hi uduoccut aocuami crot i nhdi n.Hi uduocnguynl i hoat dngMi crot i nhdi n.Bi t duocmt ssanphmcuat i nhdi n.Bi t duochuongphat t ri ncuaMi crot i nhdi n.