Making Effective and Professional Oral Presentations

8/2/2019 Making Effective and Professional Oral Presentations

1/35

Making Effective and

Professional OralPresentations


2/35

2

Identifyyour

purpose

Understand

your

audience

Organize

the

conclusion

Organize

the

bodyOrganize

the

introduction

Getting Readyfor an Oral

Presentation


3/35

X Identify Your Purpose

What do you want

your audience to

believe, remember,or do when you

finish?

Aim all parts of yourtalk toward your

purpose.


4/35

Y Understand Your Audience

Analyze audience, anticipate its reactions,

and making appropriate adaptations.

Age, gender, education, experience and

attitude toward the subject will affect your

style and message content

Accordingly determine your strategy,

vocabulary, illustrations and level of detail


5/35

Z Organize the Introduction

Capture listeners attention and

get them involved.


6/35

A PromiseBy the end of my talk,

you will . . . .

Drama

tell a moving story;describe a problem.

Eye contactcommandattention by making eye

contact with as many peopleas possible.

Ten Techniques for Getting

Your Audiences Attention


7/35

Movement

leave the lectern area. Move

toward the audience.

Questionsask for a show of hands. Use a

rhetorical question. Demonstrationsinclude a member of the

audience.

Samples, gimmicks

award prizes to

volunteer participants; pass out samples.


8/35

Visualsuse graphics

and other visual aids.

Dressprofessionaldress helps you look more

competent and qualified

Appeal to the

audiences self-

interestaudience

members want to know,What's in it for me?


9/35

Z Organize the Introduction

Capture listeners attention and

get them involved.

Identify yourself and establishyour credibility.

Preview your main points.


10/35

Develop two to four main points. Streamline

your topic and summarize its principal parts.

Arrange the points logically by a specific

pattern.

Prepare transitions to guide the audience.

[ Organize the Body


11/35

Using Verbal Signposts to Transition

SwitchingDirections

I've just discussed three reasonsfor X. Now I want to move on to Y.

Up to this point, I've concentratedon . . .; now let's look at another

significant factor . . .

As you can see, we have twoprimary reasons explaining . . .

Summarizing

Previewing

Now let's look at three reasonsfor . . .

My next major point focuses on . . .

Let me review the two majorfactors I've just covered. . .


12/35

Develop two to four main points. Streamline

your topic and summarize its principal parts.

Arrange the points logically by a specific

pattern.

Prepare transitions to guide the audience.

Have extra material ready. Be prepared with

more information and visuals if needed.

[ Organize the Body


13/35

Supporting YourMain Points*

Type Use Comments

Example Illustrate

ClarifyAdd interest

Consider preceding or

following with relevant story.

Story Prove point

Illustrate

Adapt to audience.

Must support thesis.

Control length.


14/35

Type Use Comments

Quotation Prove point

Add credibility

Add interest

Cite source.

May paraphrase or read

verbatim.

Follow up with restatement or

explanation.

Comparison Improveunderstanding

Add figurative

interest

Link familiar with unfamiliar.

Be sure comparison or

analogy is valid.

Statistics Prove pointAdd credibility

Link to audience needs.Use sparingly; round off.

Support with visuals,

handouts.


15/35

\ Organize the Conclusion

Summarize the main themes of the

presentation.

Provide a final action-oriented focus.Explain how listeners can use this

information or what you want them to do.

Include a final statement that leaves a

lasting impression.


16/35

Sending Positive

Nonverbal Messages: Body Language

Posture When called upon to address, walk sprightly and stand at ease

Use your hands for appropriate gestures but there should be no peculiar flourishes

Dont fidget, try to feel relaxed

If a microphone is being used keep yourself 8-10 away

Eye Contact (one of the most immediate and effective means ofestablishing rapport)

Look at audience and pause for a while before you say anything

While speaking maintain eye contact with audience Through eye contact you get the signal whether the channel of communication is open


17/35

Sending Positive Non-verbal Messages: Voice

Modulations

Variation in the pitch and tempo of the voice is

essential to convey message effectively.

Fast delivery betrays lack of confidence.

Pronounce words properly with stresses at the

right place.

Speak loud enough

Avoid nasalization and vocalized pauses


18/35

Objects

for

demonstration

Video

Flipcharts

or

whiteboards

Handouts

Transparencies

Multimediaslides

Enhancing YourEnhancing Your

PresentationPresentationWith VisualWith Visual

AidsAids


19/35

Pros Cons

Easy to prepare,

update, and use

Readily available

equipment

May seem out-

dated

Holds speaker

close to projector

Poor photo repro-

duction

Professional

effect

Graphic options

Easy to make andupdate

Requires costly

equipment and

practice to use

Equipment mayfail

Medium

Multimedia

slides

Transparencies


20/35

Encourages

audience

participation

Enhances recall

Risks unauthorized

duplication and

loss of audience

control

Inexpensive

Easy to create,

modify, or

customize on the

spot

Requires talent

Difficult to see

Cumbersome to

transport

Pros ConsMedium

Handouts

Flipcharts

orwhiteboards


21/35

Accurate portrayal

of content

Suggests serious

preparation

Expensive to

create and update

Incompatibility

issues

Realistic effects

Increases audience

participation

Extra work and

expensive to trans-

port and replace

Limited use with

large audience

Pros ConsMedium

Video

Objects

fordemonstration


22/35

22

Create an

appropriatetemplate

Build

bullet

points

Add

multimedia

and other

effects

Designing an Impressive

Multimedia Presentation


23/35

23

X Create an Appropriate Template

Combine harmonious colors, borders, bulletstyles, and fonts.

Avoid visual clichs.

Use light text on dark background fordarkened rooms.

Use dark text on light background for lightedrooms

Alter layouts by repositioning, resizing, orchanging fonts in placeholder slides.


24/35

24

Y Build Bullet Points

Focus on major concepts only.

Use concise phrases balanced

grammatically.Add graphics to illustrate and add

interest.

Avoid using too many transitioneffects.


25/35

Revising Slide to Improve Bullet

Points and Add Illustration

Improves wording and

includes an illustration

for added punch.

Does not use

parallel wording.


26/35

26

ZAdd Multimedia and Other Effects

Consider adding sound, animation,

and video.

Include hyperlinks ("hot spots" on thescreen) to jump to sources outside

your presentation.

Avoid too many "bells and whistles."


27/35

Converting a Bulleted List to an

AnimatedDiagram


28/35

Using a BarChart to Illustrate a Concept


29/35

29

Avoid Being Upstaged

by Your Slides Perfect your handling of the visual aids

and the operation of any equipment or

remote controls you may be using. Use your slides only to summarize

important points.

Look at the audience, not the screen.

Do not read from a slide. Paraphrase.


30/35

30

Use a radio remote control to advance slides.

Use a laser pointer to highlight slide items.

Don't rely totally on your slides to deliver a

presentation. Remember that the audience

came to see and hear you. In case of equipment failure, bring backups of

your presentation.


31/35

31

Delivering Your

Presentation Effectively

Speak from note cards

Practice using your notes while

using a remote control to advanceyour slides.


32/35

32

Memorize

significant parts

such as the

introduction,

conclusion, or ameaningful

quotation.

Talk to the

audienceconversationally.


33/35

Stomach

butterflies

Pounding heart

Shortage of

breath

Sweaty palms

Reacting to Stage Fright Symptoms

Dry throat

Unsteady voice

Trembling hands

Tied tongue

Wobbly knees


34/35

34

Overcoming Stage Fright

Just before you begin to talk, take some

deep breaths.

Convert your fear into anticipation andenthusiasm.

Select a familiar, relevant topic.

Prepare 150 percent. Use positive self-talk.


35/35

35

Shift the focus from yourself to yourvisual aids.

Ignore stumbles; keep going. Don't

apologize. Feel proud when you finish.

Reward yourself.

Documents

Making Effective and Professional Oral Presentations