M.abdul Jabbar

7/30/2019 M.abdul Jabbar

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M. Abdul Jabbar

Dapat menunjukkan kebutuhan untuk mengikuti aturan dan pengawasan, subjek

cenderung memerlukan dukungan, arahan atau tuntutan dari lingkungan kerja yang

teratur atau terstruktur, sebagai lawan dari situasi dimana seseorang dapat menampilkan

sikapnya yang otonom, berinisiatif dan dapat mengarahkan dirinya sendiri. Ekstrimnya

orang tipe ini adalah terlalu tergantung pada organisasi pada satu sisi dan orang lain

bersifat self starter pada sisi yang lain. Hal tersebut juga cukup didukung oleh

kebutuhan membantu atasannya dengan kekuatan dorongan dalam diri subjek untuk

dihubungkan dengan otoritas atau kekuatan pimpinan, kesesuaian dengan petunjuk atau

saran dan kemampuan dalam struktur hierarki sebagai pembeda terhadap mereka yang

mandiri dan percaya diri.

Subjek menunjukkan penerimaan seseorang yang tinggi terhadap pekerjaan secara

intensif dengan upaya yang sesuai, dalam pandangan seseorang yang melihat kerja

sebagai sesuatu yang menarik, bahkan menyenangkan atau dalam pandangan seseorang

yang lebih suka menghindari beban kerja bila hal tersebut dimungkinkan. Meskipun

demikian, subjek kurang didukung oleh dorongan dari dalam dirinya untuk menangani

sendiri suatu tugas sampai benar-benar selesei dan daya dorong dalam diri juga untuk

mencapai sukses dan kurang dalam ambisinya yang mencerminkan derajat keyakinan dan

komitmen dalam dirinya untuk mendapatkan hasil dan tujuan kerja yang ditentukannya

sendiri.

Subjek menunjukkan orang yang cenderung mempunyai kemampuan yang tinggi

dalam kaitannya dengan tugas dan pengambilan keputusan, menerima tanggung jawab

dari keputusan yang diambilnya dan menerima konsekuensinya dari keputusannya

tersebut dan dia juga menunjukkan kenyamanan, keyakinan dirinya yang tinggi untuk

memproyeksikan dirinya dalam posisi pemimpin sehingga subjek cenderung cukupmampu dalam mengendalikan atau mengontrol untuk menggerakkan kekuatan dan

dominasi terhadap orang lain.

Subjek menunjukkan energi fisik dan kemampuannya untuk menunjukkan hal

tersebut dalam kegiatannya cukup dan kemampuannya cukup juga dalam kecepatan atau


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kesigapan mentalnya untuk bekerja, bukan berarti kepandaian atau intelegensinya

melainkan kepekaan dia terhadap tugasnya.

Subjek mempunyai kemampuan yang cukup dalam berinteraksi atau berhubungan

dengan relasi atau orang lain secara hangat atau menyenangkan, sehingga subjek jugamembutuhkan kebutuhan untuk diterima menjadi bagian dari suatu kelompok. Hal ini

dikarenakan subjek mempunyai kebutuhan akan keakraban, kehangatan, artinya dia

membutuhkan penerimaan dan persetujuan orang lain bagi dirinya. Meskipun demikian,

subjek kurang mempunyai dorongan untuk diperhatikan, misalnya tampil atau menjadi

sorotan di depan umum.

Subjek cenderung tidak teoritis, dia kurang mempunyai pemikiran-pemikiran

yang analitis, konseptual dalam menghadapi pekerjaannya dan kesiapan dia dalam

menggunakan waktu ketika mempertimbangkan atau memikirkan secara detail dan rinci

setiap aspek dalam tugas atau pekerjaan juga kurang, meskipun dmikian subjek cukup

dapat menempatkan keteraturan, system dan prosedur pada diri sendiri dan lingkungan

kerjanya.

Subjek cukup mempunyai kebutuhan akan perubahan pada dirinya, sehingga dia

selalu menginginkan berada pada lingkungan yang rutin, aman dan dapat diperkirakan

perubahannya. Jadi subjek kurang mempunyai keinginan terhadap variasi, stimuli dan

inovasi dalam pekerjaanya. Subjek juga kurang cukup mempunyai control terhadap

perasaan dan emosinya, sehingga dia mempunyai kemampuan yang tinggi dalam

menahan dorongan dalam emosinya.

Subjek memiliki kekuatan energi yang tidak terlalu besar dalam mengerjakan

tugas. Hal ini dikarenakan ia sering kali memperhatikan aturan dalam menyelesaikan

pekerjaan dan tidak ingin asal-asalan. Akan tetapi ia memiliki kemauan yang lemah dan

tidak cekatan dalam pekerjaannya. Oleh karena itu ia sangat bertanggung jawab dengan

tugasnya, ia juga megerjakan dengan cepat namun masih dalam keadaan tenang dan

terkendali. Ia memiliki kecenderungan cemas karena ia sangat teliti dan berhati-hati

dalam pekerjaannya. Selain itu ia sangat mudah terpengaruh oleh lingkungan disekitarnya

dan menyebabkan ia tidak memiliki konsentrasi.


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Karena ia mudah dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan menyebabkan ia memiliki

tempramen yang tinggi, emosional dan sering dikendalikan oleh perasaan pribadi. Disisi

lain ketika ia sedang tidak dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan , ia sangat berkonsentrasi dan

tahan terhadap tekanan. Namun ia tidak memiliki kemauan untuk meneruskan apa yang

sudah ia kerjakan. Cepat menyerah ketika merasa lelah dan letih, merupakan salah satu

yang dimiliki oleh subjek. Ia juga memiliki prestasi yang rendah ketika bekerja.

The goal of this project was to build a working remote controlled hovercraft while

spending as little money as possible. I was successful, as the hovercraft works (mostly)

and the only money I spent was on the batteries and propellers.

The workings of a hovercraft are fairly straightforward: one high-power motor

with an airplane propeller forces air down through the hole in the center, which pushes

the bottom of the hovercraft off the ground. This greatly reduces friction, allowing the

hovercraft to scoot around without much trouble. It also makes it much more difficult to

control, however: when the hovercraft turns, it will keep traveling in a straight line unless

more thrust is applied. Since we are used to controlling cars or boats, the newtonian

behavior of a hovercraft is challenging indeed.

The body of the hovercraft is made out of styrofoam, cut with a saw and sanded to

smooth the edges. The skirt on the bottom is made out of pieces of a plastic GAP bag,

attached with Scotch tape and hot glue. The radio control unit was scavenged from an old

boat I had, along with the drive motor mounted on the wooden supports, while the lifting

motor was from my physics teacher. The battery is 300 mAh 6V NiMH (or NiCd, I


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forget), and I have a pair of them. They were about $6-$10 each (again, forgot) and about

$12 for the 2 1/2 hour charger. The servomotor for steering was from an old RC car I had,

but I unfortunately wasn't able to find the radio unit or else I would've used that instead. I

needed the gears in the thing so it could provide enough torque, however.

Probably the single most useful thing during construction was hot glue - the entire

thing is held together with the stuff and it will hold for some time to come. The physical

construction of the hovercraft was really the easy part... the hard part was trying to get it

to work the way I wanted it to. I was plagued with numerous problems, most of them

stemming from the cheap RC unit I was using.

The first problem was with the steering. The boat had used a pair of magnets and

a pair of electromagnets to steer, flipping a little rudder back and forth by toggling those.

The immediate problem I saw, before I even took the boat apart, was that it would only

steer when the other (drive) channel was active. This isn't the worst of problems, but it is

annoying. The problem I found with the steering method was that it used two signals to

control two electromagnets, and I wanted to run one motor in two directions instead. To

do this, I had to build the interface board sitting on the front left of the hovercraft,

consisting of two transistors. I had originally wanted to use an ungeared motor, so the

rudder would move to either side and return to the center from the force of the air being

blown backwards. An ungeared motor didn't provide enough torque, however, and it was

a bad idea to hold a motor stalled while the craft was turning. So, I took the servo from an

old Street Comber RC truck I had and used that for steering. The problem now, however,is that it doesn't center by itself. You can see four wires coming out of the side of the

servo, that are not being used. Those four wires are feedback wires that can (very

roughly) give me the position of the rudder. However, I am way way way too lazy to

design and build a more complicated board that would center it for me (that, and I

determined that it wouldn't be able to center it accurately at all, so it would be a waste).


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Thus, for now, the steering works. However, because it doesn't automatically re-

center the rudder when you let go of the stick, the hovercraft has a major tendency to spin

out of control, especially considering how hard it is to pilot already.

The next problem was with the drive motor. I want it to be able to go forwards

and backwards, since without this ability the hovercraft gets stuck fairly easily. In this

regard, I was not successful - it only goes forwards. The boat was originally run on 9V,

so the way they made the motor run in two directions was by connecting one terminal to

3V and alternating the other between ground and 9V. The motor would run fast in one

direction and slow in the other. Since the hovercraft runs off of 6V, this isn't really a

possiblity. I tried doing the same thing, connecting one terminal to 2.4V (the battery is

5x1.2V cells), but it ran far too slowly in both directions. I then tried building an interface

board like I did with the steering, and it definitely should have worked. I fried standard

transistors the moment I turned it on, so something was wrong there. I figured there may

have been too much current, so I tried power transistors. Before those fried as well, it still

didn't work, so I figured something is just weird with the way the signal out works from

the RC board. So, I just connected one terminal of the motor to ground and the other to

the signal - when you push forward on the stick, it runs at the full 6V, and when you pull

back, nothing happens.

Skirt with hovercraft on (left) and off (right)


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When I said that none of the problems had been with the physical construction, I

lied. One of them was - the skirt. The skirt is the bag that fills up with air, so that the

bottom of the hovercraft can deform to match whatever surface it is driving over. Now, it

works great, but it was not always thus. My first attempts at a skirt were with a flawed

design - I figured I could just fold it in and tuck it under the hovercraft. This repeatedly

failed, and it was not until I tried some other things that I had any luck. Turns out the

secret is that I actually had to pull the skirt back up underneath the hovercraft, to prevent

it from billowing out to the sides. To this end, tape and hot glue were very useful. If you

were to look at a cross section of the skirt when powered, it would look like a J (whereas

my first attempts resembled more of a backwards L). Having driven it outside, it has

gotten a little banged up and is no longer working as well as it once did. However, the

hovercraft can still drive over a variety of surfaces and go over obstacles around 1.5 cm

in height. I have yet to try it on water, but I hear that the friction slows it down

significantly.

With the skirt problem resolved, the drive problem half resolved, and the steering

still quite impossible, the hovercraft is done. I'm satisfied with the result, it tought me a

lot and stuff, and it's cool (the latter being the main criteria for anything I build). Maybe

someday I'll build a bigger one - I have a 1 HP cordless drill motor sitting around that's

just begging to be put to good use. We shall see.


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Closeup of the front circuitry. The entire RC board is coated in wax (since it was

from a boat), and that saved me from frying it a few times... lucky me. You can also see

the capacitors I added to the lift motor for noise reduction. Before I added those,

whenever the lift motor was turned on it would make a bunch of RF noise that screwed

up the receiver and the drive motor wouldn't stop. Took a while to figure that one out.

The transmitter, a battery and the charger.

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M.abdul Jabbar