Pathological and histopathologicalfindings in lungs of calves

at the pathology department

Prof. S. Perl

Head, Division of Pathology, KVI

Presentation for the “Hachaklait” 2006

Lung- examination

Postmortem

• Conductive system: nasal cavity,

pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi

Histology

• Transitional system: bronchioles

• Gas exchange system: alveoli

Lung – postmortem examination

• Lungs are examined before incision

• Color

• Texture

• Distribution of lesions

Estimation of pulmonary lesions:

- percentage (%) of lungs affected

Classification of pneumonias

1. Presumed etiology: viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, verminous pneumonia, mycoticpneumonia, chemical pneumonia

2. Type of exudation: catharrhal pneumonia, suppurative pneumonia, fibrinous pneumonia,

necrotic pneumonia

3. Morphologic features: gangrenous pneumonia,

granulomatous /pyogranulomatous pneumonia,proliferative pneumonia, embolic pneumonia

Classification of pneumonias

4. Distribution of lesions: focal pneumonia, cranioventral pneumonia, diffuse pneumonia,

lobar pneumonia

5. Epidemiologic attributes: enzootic pneumonia,

contagious bovine pleuropneumonia,

shipping fever pneumonia

6. Miscellaneous attributes:

Cuffing pneumonia, progressive pneumonia,

aspiration pneumonia

Classification of pneumonias -most common in calves

Morphologically types:

- bronchopneumonia

- interstitial pneumonia

- lobar pneumonia

- embolic pneumonia

- granulomatous pneumonia

Classification of pneumonias

According to distribution

- cranioventral

- focal as in embolic pneumonias

- diffuse as in interstitial pneumonias

- locally extensive as in granulomatous

pneumonias

Bronchopneumonia

Most common type of pneumonia

Cranioventral consolidation of the lung

Factors contributing:-

a. shortness and abrupt branching of airways

b. greater depositions of infectious organisms

c. inadequate defense mechanism

d. reduced vascular perfusion

e. gravitational sedimentation of exudate

f. regional differences in ventilation

Bronchiolitis - obstructive

Bronchiolitis - obstructive

Bovine pneumonias - etiologies

• Viral: BRSV, PI3, IBR, MCF

• Bacterial: Pasteurella m.haemolytica

Pasteurella multocida

Haemophilus somnus

Streptococcus spp- beta & al- hemolytic

E. coli

• Mycotic pneumonia

• Parasitic pneumonia

Bovine pneumonias - specific

pathogens

• Mycoplasma pneumonia (M. bovis)

• Enzootic pneumonia – unclear etiology

(viruses PI3, BRSV, IBR, BVD,

Mycoplasma & bacteria + stress)

Viral pneumonia

Interstitial pneumonia

Interstitial pneumonia

IBR - INIB

IBR - import from Australia

BRSV

BRSV

BRSV

Lung – cranioventral consolidation

Bronchopneumonia

Bronchopneumonia

Bronchopneumonia

Bronchoalveolar pneumonia

Lung – cranioventral consolidation

Lung – cranioventral consolidation

Embolic pneumonia

Embolic pneumonia

Embolic pneumonia

Suppurative pneumonia

Pleuritis and pneumonia

Pleuritis and pneumonia

Lobar pneumonia

Pasteurella multocida

Cranioventral subacute to chronic

Haemophilus somnus

Lung – hemorrhage -hemothorax

Fibrinopurulent pleurits

E. coli

Fibrinopurulent pleurits

E. coli

No bact. faund

Pleuritis fibrino - purulent

Granulomatous pneumoniaGranulomatous pneumonia

Granulomatous pneumonia

Granulomatous pneumonia

Granulomatous pneumoniaGranulomatous pneumonia

Bovine KVI – 03/350744

Mycotic pneumonia granulomatous

Mycotic pneumonia

KVI – 04/451572

Mycotic pneumonia

Shipping fever pneumonia

import from Australia

6/2000

Shipping fever pneumonia

Interlobular edema and pneumonia

Shipping fever pneumonia

Lung edema

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Immunohisto negative for Mycoplasma

Bronchopneumonia

Mycoplasma bovis – immunohisto 450860/04

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Mycoplasma bovis – immunohisto 450860/04

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Mycoplasma bovis – immunohisto 450860/04

Pasteurella multocida & M. bovis

Pneumonia chronic with emphysema

Parasitic pneumonia

Parasitic pneumonia

Parasitic pneumonia

Bovine lung - pathOlogy & immunohistochemistry

2006

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BRSV

Pneumonia

no.

Series1

11820%

2Strep.

4BRSV

12E.Coli

5Haemophilus Somnus

8Arkanobact .Pyogenes

13Pasteurella Multocida

2M.Spp

3M. Alkalescens

4M. Bovirhinis

21M. Bovis

8M. Arginini

5NO Isolation

Isolates