Lufthansa Flight Training

1© by Lufthansa Flight Training

The Lufthansa Approach

to Ab Initio TrainingFlorian Hamm, CEO Lufthansa Flight Training

APATS, 8 September 2009, Hong Kong

2

© by Lufthansa Flight TrainingAPATS, 8 September 2009

Agenda

> Background to Lufthansa’s ab initio training

> Concept development

> MPL A Jet - Training programme

> Synchronising with Lufthansa Flight Operations

> Information technology

> Conclusion

3


The history of ab initio training at Lufthansa

“Classic” ab initio

FUTURA MPL

1956 1987 2009

Background to Lufthansa’s ab initio training

4


Starting point for introducing a new ab initio

training concept

> ICAO Multi-Crew Pilot Licence (MPL)

> Benchmarking study of training costs

> Life-time limit of existing training aircraft PA 42

> Fundamental policy of the Lufthansa Group:

· to retain an ab initio training system with consistent pre-selection

· to retain the Pilot School in Bremen / Phoenix, Arizona for Lufthansa’s

ab initio training

· to retain 2003 training standards

Further development of the training system was necessary


5


> Working group made up of representatives of:

> Review Board:

· Postholder Flight Operations Lufthansa German Airlines

· Postholder Crew Training Lufthansa German Airlines

· CEO Lufthansa Flight Training

· Short and Medium-haul Fleet Manager Lufthansa German Airlines

· Vice President Pilot Schools Bremen & Phoenix

· Head of Controlling Operations Lufthansa German Airlines

· Corporate Safety Pilot and Quality Manager Lufthansa German Airlines

· Postholder Training SWISS

Project organisation

Concept development

6


Targets and critical success factors

> Target:

· To develop a new ab initio concept by 2008

> Critical success factors:

· Training quality

· Training costs

· Instructor qualification

· Compliance with basic legal requirements

(JAR, German law, European law)

Concept development

7


Procedure

> Step 1: Training needs analysis

Deduce quality requirements

> Step 2: Compare the cost of alternatives that provide the same quality

Concept development

8


Step 1: Training needs analysis

Concept development

00:10

T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00

02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00 02:00

75:00 75:00

I C E 11 12 14 13 13 14 17 17 17 17 19 18 18 18 17 18 17 17 18 19 18 18 18 18 18 17

Safety procedures 1 2 35 I C C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E

Checklist procedures 1 2 35 I C C E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E

Jet aircraft handling 3 29 6 I I C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

Situational awareness and decision making 0 32 6 C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

Basic instruments procedures 2 30 6 I I C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

Radio Nav procedures 2 26 9 I I C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C E E

Approach procedures 4 16 18 I I I I C C C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E E

Airwork procedures 2 3 3 I I C E E E

Aircraft handling 2 18 18 I I C C C C C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E E

Visual circuit/approach 4 0 0

Leadership and teamwork using MCC 6 17 15 I I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E E

Workload management using MCC 6 17 15 I I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E E

Communication procedures using MCC 6 17 15 I I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E E E E

Touch and go 6 12 1 I I I I C C C C C C E

Auto flight procedures 7 18 6 I I C I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E E

Abnormal procedures 5 9 6 I I I I I C C C C C C C C C E E

IFR enroute procedures 5 15 12 I I I I I C C C C C C C E E E E E E E E

FMS 5 12 15 I I I I I C C C C E E E E E E E E E E E

TCAS 5 5 0 I I I I I C C C C C

EGPWS 2 0 0 I I

ATC Environment 25 8 0 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I

Basic RNAV procedures 8 10 15 I I I I I I I I C C E E E E E E E E E E E

107 298 236

Intr

oduction

Consolid

ation

Execution

9


Step 2: Cost comparison of alternatives

Concept development

5 4 6 7

Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs

PHX FCL F 33 156:40 PHX FCL F 33 158:40 PHX FCL F 33 158:40 PHX FCL F 33 141:30

PHX FCL F 33 Solo 24:30 PHX FCL F 33 Solo 24:30 PHX FCL F 33 Solo 24:30 PHX FCL F 33 Solo 24:10

PHX FCL FNPT II single eng. 20:00 PHX FCL FNPT II single eng. 20:00 PHX FCL FNPT II single eng. 20:00 PHX FCL FNPT II single eng. 20:50

BRE FCL Sim PA 42 31:00 BRE FCL Sim PA 42 37:00 PHX FCL FNPT II twin eng. 20:00 BRE FCL FNPT II MCC 49:00

BRE FCL A/C PA 42 11:30 BRE FCL A/C PA 42 11:30 PHX FCL A/C PA 44 15:00 BRE FCL A/C 15:50

FRA JO Simulator 44:00 FRA JO Simulator 44:00 BRE FCL A/C PA 44 15:00 FRA JO Simulator 32:00

FRA TR Simulator 48:00 FRA TR Simulator 48:00 FRA JO Simulator 60:00 FRA TR Simulator 48:00

offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days FRA TR Simulator 48:00 offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days

offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days

1 3 2 0

Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs

PHX Core F 33 82:10 PHX Core F 33 82:10 PHX Core F 33 65:00 PHX Core F 33 82:10

PHX Core F 33 Solo 17:50 PHX Core F 33 Solo 17:50 PHX Core F 33 Solo 18:00 PHX Core F 33 Solo 17:50

PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 28:30 PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 28:30 PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 45:00 PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 28:30

BRE Basic FNPT II MCC 60:00 BRE Basic FNPT II MCC 56:00 PHX Core A/C PA 44 45:00 BRE Basic FNPT II MCC 60:00

BRE Basic A/C 15:00 BRE Basic A/C 15:00 BRE Basic FNPT II MCC 22:30 FRA Interm. Simulator NZFT 60:00

FRA Interm. Simulator NZFT 32:00 FRA Interm. Simulator NZFT 44:00 BRE Interm. Simulator 45:00 FRA Advanced Simulator 42:00

FRA TR Simulator 42:00 FRA TR Simulator 48:00 FRA TR Simulator 48:00 offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 3 days

offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 2 days offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 3 days

8

Location Segment A/C or FSTD Trnghrs

PHX Core F 33 158:40

PHX Core F 33 Solo 24:30

PHX Core FNPT II single eng. 20:00

offen Basic Simulator 48:30

offen Interm. Simulator 32:00

FRA Advanced Simulator 42:00

offen TR Flight training (ldgs) 3 days

MPL B trial

FCL actual

FCL actual with replacement for

PA 42 (Turboprop)

MPL A Jet

FCL new Jet

MPL A (Turboprop)

FCL actual with replacement for

PA 42 (Piston Engine)

MPL A (PA 44) MPL B

• FCL Concept

• costs

• syllabus object.

• costs


• risks A/C

• risks LdgTrng

• costs


• FCL Concept

• risk A/C

• costs

• FCL concept

• costs

• risk concept MPL

• risk Ldg Trng

• costs

• risk capacity

• risk Ldg Trng

10


MPL A Jet – the most cost-efficient alternative

> Multi-Crew Pilot Licence Training:

· Single-engine flight hours (F33) reduced by about 50%

· Creditable synthetic training time (FSTD) increased by about 50%

· Multi-engine flight hours increased by about 30%

· Simulator hours during Jet Orientation and Type Rating cut by about 25%

> Training costs reduced by about 15% per student pilot

> PA 42 Cheyenne replaced by a high-performance aircraft

MPL A Jet: Training programme

11


MPL: The legal basis


Acc. AMC JAR FCL 1 Amd. 7

Training Items Ground

training media

Advanced - CRM Aeroplane:

- Landing training Turbine

- All weather Muli-engine

- LOFT Multi-crew certified

- Abnormal procedures FSTD:

- Normal procedures Type IV

Intermediate - CRM

- LOFT

- Abnormal procedures FSTD:

- Normal procedures Type III

- Multi-crew

- Instrument flight - CBT

Basic - CRM Aeroplane: - E-learning

- PF/PNF complement Single or multi-engine - Part task trainer

- IFR Cross-country - classroom

- Instrument flight

FSTD:

Type II

Core flying skills - CRM Aeroplane:

- VFR Cross-country Single or multi-engine

- Solo flight

- Basic Instrument flight

- Principles of flight FSTD:

- Cockpit procedures Type I

- Upset recovery

- Night flight

Training course shall initially include 70 hours of actual flying time.

PF

Inte

gra

ted T

hre

at

& E

rror

Managem

ent

Prin

cip

les

Type rating training within

an airline oriented

environment

Application of multi-crew

operation in a high

performance multi-engine

turbine aeroplane

Introduction of multi-crew

operations and instrument

flight

Specific basic single pilot

training

Phase of Training

12 take-offs and

landings as PF

PF / PNF

PF / PNF

PF / PNF

FSTD

(Flight Simulation Training

Devices)

Fully equivalent to a

level C & D Full

Flight SimulatorTYPE IV

Flight and simulated flight training

media - Minimum level requirement

2 Pilot Muli-Engine

Turbine-powered

Aeroplane

w/enhanced daylight

visual and autopilot

capable of ATC,

Flight Guidance,

EFIS, FMS, and

TCAS

TYPE III

E-training and Part-

task devicesTYPE I

Generic Turbine-

powered Aeroplane

or equivalent to FAA

FTD Level 5, or JAA

FNPT II, MCC

TYPE II

12


Training in Bremen, Phoenix and Frankfurt


1.Theoretical

Training

Bremen

> 2.Flight Training

Phoenix

(Core Phase 1-4)

> 3.Flight Training

Bremen

(Basic Phase 1-3)

> 4.Flight Training

Frankfurt

(Intermediate and

Advanced Phase)

- approx. 4 months –

F33 FSTD and F33

A/C

- in total 114:30 flight

hours

- approx. 3.5 months –

CJ1+ FSTD and

CJ1+ A/C

- in total 75 flight hours

- approx. 3 months –

B737 / A320 FSTD

B737 / A320 A/C

- in total 74 flight

hours

- approx. 11.5 months

- total teaching

units 1184

13


Theory Syllabus


*TU = teaching units

Starter Course 48 TU* Navigation (060) 192 TU

061 108 TUAir Law (010) 130 TU 062 84 TU

Aircraft General Knowledge (020) 312 TU Operational Procedures (070) 50 TU

021E 98 TU

021T 106 TU Principles of Flight (080) 48 TU

022 108 TUCommunications (090) 30 TU

Flight Performance and Planning (030) 136 TU

031 22 TU FMS 16 TU

032 62 TU

033 52 TU

Human Performance & Limitations (040) 88 TU

Meteorology (050) 134 TU Total 1184 TU

1. Theoretical

Training

Bremen

>

14


Reorganisation of theory

14 JAR-FCL Examination Subjects

5 T

rain

ing

Ph

ase

s

Ground Instruction of LH Student Pilots

1

2

3

4

5

Interdisciplinary Starter Course

Interdisciplinary Course FMS

> Matrix organisation

· examination subjects, interdisciplinary courses

· phases

MPL A Jet: Training programme 1. Theoretical

Training

Bremen

>

15


Core Phase

> Training aircraft:

· Beechcraft Bonanza F33

· Beechcraft Bonanza F33C (upset recovery)

> Flight simulation training device:

· Type specific FNPT II(Beechcraft Bonanza F33)

> Phases: in total: 114:30 hrs

· Core 1:

Airwork / pattern up to first solo: 28:55 hrs

· Core 2:

Airwork / pattern / cross country up to first solo X/C: 34:45 hrs

· Core 3:

Airwork / pattern / cross country / night flying / upset: 28:20 hrs

· Core 4:

Basis instruments / IF procedures: 22:30 hrs

2. Flight Training

Phoenix

(Core Phase 1-4)


16


Basic Phase> Training aircraft:

· Cessna Citation CJ1+

> Equipment:

· Third crew seat (unique feature)

· Collins Pro Line 21

· Collins FMS 3000

· Dual VHF 4000e

· TCAS II

· EGPWS Mark V

> Phases: in total: 75:00 hrs

· Basic 1:Normal / IF procedures STD: 36:00 hrs

· Basic 2:Abnormal procedures / LOFT STD: 24:00 hrs

· Basic 3:Approaches / LOFT Aircraft: 15:00 hrs

3. Flight Training

Bremen

(Basic Phase 1-3)


17


Basic Phase

> Flight simulation training device:

· Type specific FNPT II / MCC and FTD 2

· (Cessna Citation CJ1+)

> Features:

· IOS with two 17”‘ touchscreens

· Collins Pro Line 21 / FMS 3000

· TCAS II scenarios

· EGPWS scenarios

· Wind shear scenarios

· WX radar

· T/O plot

· 10 airports in visual DB / all others generic

· 2 cameras for MCC training

3. Flight Training

Bremen

(Basic Phase 1-3)


18


Intermediate and Advanced Phase

Jet Orientation > Type Rating >

- 32:00 hrs - 42:00 hrs

4. Flight Training

Frankfurt

(Intermediate and

Advanced Phase)

>


19


Synchronising with Lufthansa Flight Operations

> Definition of Lufthansa-specific requirements

> Review of all materials in terms of relevance to flight training

> Targets

· Updating of content identified as both safety-related and practice-relevant by

training captains and flight instructors

· Editing of LFT and LH content, working in close collaboration

> Review of all learning targets by A320 and B737 training captains as well as by

flight instructors from Bremen and Phoenix, Arizona

Synchronising with Lufthansa Flight Operations

20


Reorganisation – Information Technology

> The switch to a new training concept was used as an opportunity to reorganise IT:

· Administration was simplified through

- online access to performance data at various locations

- central data management to verify performance

· A grading system was integrated into the administrative software to enable individual performance tracking

Information technology

21


Thank you for your attention!

21


22


The classic ab initio concept

> Single Pilot Concept

> Completed flight hours suffice as proof of

competency

> No / little use of synthetic training devices

> Late introduction to CCC/MCC


23


The “FUTURA” concept

> Single pilot concept

> Completed flight hours suffice as proof of

competence

> Use of synthetic training device up to the

simulator (PA42)

> Use of more complex aircraft (PA42)

> Early introduction to CCC/MCC


24


Multi-Crew Pilot Licence

> Single pilot concept only in the first phase of training

> Competence-based training

> Synthetic training devices used in all phases of the training

> Very early introduction to MCC

> Teaching of Threat and Error Management (TEM)

> At LH: Use of jets in Basic Phase of training


25


MPL A Jet – the cost-efficient alternative

> Multi-Crew Pilot Licence training:

· Single-engine flight hours (F33) reduced by about 50%

(158:40 to 82:30)

· Creditable synthetic training time (FSTD) increased by about 50%

(154:30 to 222:30)

· Multi-engine flight hours increased by about 30% (10:00 to 15:00)

· Simulator hours during Jet Orientation and Type Rating reduced by about

25% (92:00 to 74:00)

> Training costs reduced by about 15% per student

> PA 42 “Cheyenne” replaced by a high-performance aircraft


26


Experience to date

> Costs have remained within budget

> Results of theory examination on a par with previous results

> As yet there has been no need to adjust the concept

Conclusion

Documents

Lufthansa Flight Training