Living with Turmoil 1954-1975

Living with Great TurmoilUnit 6

• Set up your Table of Contents• Daily Warm Up Pages (2)

Daily Warm Up #1: Time Line

The New Frontier and the Great Society• List 5 of the 10 events on your US Timeline on pages 668-669

John F. Kennedy 1960-1963

• With fear of losing the “race” between Russia, Kennedy vowed to “get America moving again”• Kennedy (D) v. Nixon (R)

•Television helped votes for Kennedy• More charismatic and well spoken compared to Nixon

Pros and Cons of Kennedy

•Cons:Young- only 43Roman Catholic

Pros:Well organized campaignWealthy familyHandsome

Kennedy and Civil Rights

• MLK Jr. was arrested along with other African American Activists for sitting at a segregated lunch counter in Atlanta • Others were released on bail but King was sentenced to months of hard

labor in jail… for a traffic violation• Kennedy calls Loretta Scott King and offers his sympathies • Kennedy then calls the judge to release the Civil Rights Activist on Bail

•News of this captured the attention of the African American community winning Kennedy votes in the south and mid-west

Camelot Years

• America was mesmerized by the Kennedy Family • People would in enroll in speed reading courses because the

President could read 1600 words per minute• Jackie was young, beautiful, fashion forward

•Camelot’s world was marked by chivalry and magic as seemed in Kennedy’s term• Also opened on Broadway in 1960READ- Don’t Know Much About American History

Left Side: Kennedy Baseball Card

• Years as President• Accomplishments• Political Party• Running Mate

Daily Warm Up- A New Military Policy

• Explain Kennedy’s new military policy and the idea of flexible response

Cuban Missile Crisis

• Fulgencio Battista former leader of Cuba was toppled by a guerilla movement led by Fidel Castro 1959

“Revolutionaries are not born, they are made by poverty, inequality and dictatorship”- CastroCastro- after gaining control over Cuba

- Seized three American and British Oil Refineries - Broke up commercial farms into communes - We owned 75% of sugar crop land in Cuba so we put a trade

barrier against Cuban sugar

Cuban Perspective

• Originally Cubans are happy Castro is their leader- they hated their dictator Battista • Castro declares themselves communist and accepts aid from the

Soviet Union• Soviet Union- extremely happy about Cuba- (only 90 miles from US)• Cuba- Mad at US for trade restrictions on sugar so Castro stands up to

the United States (With SU backing) • People of Cuba- now upset with Castro because he “replaced one

dictator with himself as a dictator”)

Bahia de Cochinos- Bay of Pigs

• 10% of Cubans fled to the US in exile of Cuba• We secretly train these exiles in hopes to stage an overthrow of

Castro• April 17, 1961- about 1300 Cuban exiles- supported by the US- land in

the coast Bahia de Cochinos- Bay of Pigs• DISTASTER- Air strike failed (even though the CIA said it succeeded)• An advanced troop never landed to distract Castro’s troops• Main unit lacked air support as it faced SU tanks and 25,000 Cuban troops • Kennedy was embarrassed

Nuclear Crisis

• Kennedy declared he would not accept any further communist intervention in the western hemisphere• Castro accepted aid and weapons from Nikita Khrushchev anyway • We spy on Cuba and see weapons of mass destruction that would land

in the US in minutes• US Navy quarantines Cuba within in 500 mile perimeter• 100,000 Troops waited in Florida• 6 days later Krushchev offered to remove the missiles if the US promises

not to invade Cuba ever again. We also agree to move our missiles from Turkey

“For a moment the world had stood still”- Robert Kennedy, Attorney General of the US

Kennedy and Khrushchev take the heat

• Both reputations are damaged by this • Castro closes it’s doors to exiles in November 1962• 3 years later he let a small window of opportunity for those who

wanted to escape to be with their families in Miami• Cuban population in Miami increased by 300,000

Daily Warm Up: Political Cartoons

What do you think the Political Cartoon is saying about Kennedy?

What incident do you think it is describing?

Left Side: Analyzing Primary Sources

• Read a Letter from Khrushchev to Kennedy about relations concerning Cuba • Questions to consider

1. How does Khrushchev describe communism?2. What is Khrushchev’s solution to the SU and US relations? 3. What is the ultimate goal Khrushchev’s proposal?

Daily Warm Up: The Berlin Wall

• What is the Berlin Wall?• What led Khrushchev to build the wall? (677-678)

Easing Tensions

• Ways to Ease Tensions between Kennedy and Khrushchev

Hot Line between the White House and KremlinLimited Test Ban Treaty- barred Nuclear Testing in the

atmosphere

Left Side- The New Frontier

New Frontier: Transforming Progress into Action

Stimulating the Economy

Addressing Poverty

Domestic Problems Race to the Moon

Daily Warm Up: Tragedy in Dallas

• Read Pages 682-683• Why was Lee Harvey Oswald suspicious?• What is the Warren Commission?

Kennedy’s Assassination

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1q91RZko5Gw

Left Side: LBJ and The Great SocietyYour sentence True or False Corrected Sentence HISTORICALLY

ACCURATE WITH DEFINITION

Reapportionment

Economic Opportunity Act

Great Society

Medicare and Medicaid

Immigration Act of 1965

Warren Court

Daily Warm Up:

• What is the Great Society?• What is the Impact of the Great Society?

Waging Two Wars- LBJ

• As part of the Great Society- the president declared war on poverty• Personal experiences with poverty growing up in an impoverished part of TX

Created the Job Corps to train people to work and help them find jobs

War 2- Vietnam. Soon spent more money on Vietnam than all of the Great Society Programs combined

Positive Changes

• Economic Opportunity Act- approving $1billion for youth programs, antipoverty measures, small business loans and job training• Ex: Project Head Start; VISTA; Community Action Program

• Doors opened for non-European immigrants in 1965- ending quotas based on nationality • Water Quality Act of 1965 to clean lakes and rivers for clean supply • Safety Laws for Consumer Protection when buying goods

Discussion: Interpreting Charts- pg. 690

• What did the Great Society programs indicate about the federal government’s changing roles?

Homework: DUE FRIDAY TO THE SUB

• Choose ONE of the two prompts to answer with complete sentences:• One page• Preferably Typed

•What events and problems may have affected the success of the Great Society? What are the points and counterpoints to LBJ’s program?•What are the similarities and differences between Kennedy’s

New Frontier and LBJ’s Great Society? What other federal program from what President influenced these ideas?

Daily Warm Up: World Stage

• Read the World Stage on Pg. 701 in your book. • What is apartheid?• What happened in 1994?

John Green- Crash Course

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkXFb1sMa38

Key Player Baseball Cards

THURGOOD MARSHALL (702)

- POSITION IN THE U.S.- ADVOCATED WHAT?- HOW DID HE AFFECT BROWN V BOARD

ROSA PARKS (704)

- WHAT ACTS DID SHE PERFORM- WHAT DID SHE JOIN - WHAT WAS A TURNING POINT IN HER LIFE IN 1955- WHAT HAPPENED IN MONTGOMERY

MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. (706)

- ACCOMPLISHMENTS - CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS- HOW DID HE DEOMONSTRATE FREEDOM- FACTS

MALCOLM X (719)

- ACCOMPLISHMENTS- FACTS- HOW DID HE DEOMONSTRATE FREEDOM- WHAT HAPPENED IN 1946

Daily Warm Up: SCLC

• What was the role of the SCLC?

Civil Rights Act of 1957

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Civil Rights Act of 1968

- Established federal Commission on Civil Rights

- Established a Civil Rights Division in the Justice Department to enforce Civil Rights laws

- Enlarged federal power to protect voting rights

- Banned most discrimination in employment and in public accommodations

- Enlarged federal power to protect voting rights and speed up school desegregation

- Established equal employment opportunity commission to ensure fair treatment in employment

- Eliminated voter literacy tests

- Enabled federal examiners to register voters

- Prohibited discrimination in the sale or rental of most housing

- Strengthened anti-lynching laws

- Made it a crime to harm civil rights workers

Copy into Right Side of Notebook

Current Event- Discrimination

• Discrimination has been a controversial subject in the news recently especially with allegations with police brutality.

• Find an article that accurately represents discrimination today and apply it to discrimination/segregation in the 1960s• Include Article• 2 Paragraphs- 1 summary, 1 comparison to the 1960s• Will be handed in to me Monday

Daily Warm Up: Who are they?

• Who is Shirley Chisolm and Stokely Carmichael?

1. Partner Up 2. Choose a Side. 3. Present your Arguments and Historical Decision made.

Plessy V. Ferguson 1. Plessy2. Ferguson3. What happened, who won?

Brown V. Board of Topeka 1. Brown2. BOE Topeka3. What happened, who won?

Mc Laurin V. Oklahoma State1. Mc Laurin2. Oklahoma State3. What happened, who won?

Sweatt v. Painter 1. Sweatt2. Painter 3. What happened, who won?

Daily Warm Up: Selma Campaign

• In what ways was the civil rights campaign in Selma similar to the one in Birmingham?

Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement

• Kerner Commission: study the causes of urban violence; white racsim• The report called for the nation to create new jobs, construct new housing

and end de facto segregation in order to wipe out the destructive ghetto environment

• Johnson administration ignores many of the recomendations because of white opposition to sweeping changes

Left Side: The First Sit In

• With a partner: Read Mc Cain’s first account of the sit in. Answer these questions on your left side

• Who participated in the first sit in at Woolworths? What were their names and who were they?• “We don’t separate your money at the cash register” – Explain the hypocrisy

of that sentence• What psychological forced helped them that day? Are you surprised by this?

Daily Warm Up- Who is Ho Chi Minh?

• Who-• What- • Where-• When-• Why-

The Vietnam War Years

French Indochina and Imperialism

• Late 1800s- WWII- France ruled most of Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)• French built plantations and harvested rice and rubber trees • Restricted speech and assembly to Vietnamese nationalists by jailing

them • 1940- Japan takes over Vietnam on their quest for Imperialism as well

Ho’s Call for Help

• 1930 Ho Chi Minh creates the Indochinese Communist Party in China • 1940 after Japanese occupy Vietnam, Ho creates the Vietminh-

organized group to win the independence of Vietnam from the Japanese• When the Japanese lose WWII, Ho Chi Minh declares Vietnam and

independent country on Sept. 2 1945 in Hanoi, the country’s capital• French do not accept this and move back in once the Japanese leave

The US Steps in

• During WWII, Truman funds aid to Ho Chi Minh to defeat the Japanese and supports him in his efforts• When the Japanese leave and the French take over southern Vietnam

and rage war with North Vietnamese nation- The US changes alliances and funds the war for the French to defeat Vietnamese nationalists• Despite the massive aid by the US- The French lost Vietnam at the

Battle of Dien Bien Phu in NW Vietnam • How do you think Ho Chi Minh views the United States?

Geneva Accords

• Temporarily divides Vietnam into North and South at the 17th Parallel • North- Ho Chi Minh and the Communists• Capital- Hanoi

• South- Ngo Dinh Diem anticommunist- Pro Western• Capital- Saigon

The Domino Effect- How did each President contribute to the start of the Vietnam War? TRUMAN pg 731 EISENHOWER pg 731 KENNEDY pg 732 JOHNSON pg 734

Daily Warm Up- Indochina 1959

• Answer the Geography Skillbuilder questions 1 & 2

Ho Chi Minh Trail

• 1956 an election was held in Vietnam. • Ho Chi Minh would have won the support of the country so Southern

Vietnam (Diem) refuses to participate in the election • Southern Vietnam grew tired and upset with Diem• Restricted Buddhist practices because he was a devout Catholic • Restricted land to peasants (opposite of Ho Chi Minh)

• Southern National Liberation Front Groups (Vietcong) assassinate government officials • Ho aids this group by sending supplies and aid through the Ho Chi

Minh Trail

Thich Quang Duc

A Vietnamese Buddhist monk who burned himself to death at a busy Saigon road intersection on June 11, 1963- Protest to stop Diem’s anti Buddhism laws Self immolation

Left to Johnson

• Despite Kennedy’s wishes, Diem was assassinated by a US military coup for the sake of containing communism • A few weeks later, Kennedy too, is assassinated • “If I let the communists take over South Vietnam, then my nation

would be seen as an appeaser and we would find it impossible to accomplish anything”= President Johnson

Tonkin Gulf Resolution

• August 2 1964 North Vietnamese patrol boat fired at the USS Maddox which was patrolling the Gulf of Tonkin• Target was missed and the Maddox inflicted heavy damage on the

Vietnamese

• Two days later, it was reported that enemy torpedos were being shot- none of which actually happened • Johnson declared bombs to be dropped onto Northern Vietnam as result of

this “attack”• Congress votes to let Johnson adopt the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution- while not a

declaration of war- it grants Johnson military powers in Vietnam

TGR continued

• American people did not know of the secret raids against Northern Vietnam• Johnson had prepared the resolution months before the event

happened- waiting for a time to push it through to Congress• Operation Rolling Thunder- response to a Vietcong attack that killed 8

Americans- consistent bombing of NV• 50,000 US soldiers were battling the Vietcong by June

Daily Warm Up: Vietcong Tunnels

• Explain the outline on page 738 of the Vietcong Tunnels, what purposes do you think they served?

Left Side: Groups of Four- Research pg 736-741Key Military Figures Who were they?What differing opinions did Johnsons advisors have about Vietnam?

Jungle lifeIn what ways did the US underestimate the Vietcong?Explain napalm, Agent Orange, Search and destroy missions?

Sinking MoralWhat factors lad to a low moral of US Troops?Explain the frustrations and hardships?

The Early War at Home What lead to the growing concern in America about the Vietnam war?What is the credibility gap?

Daily Warm Up: The Draft

• What is a draft?• In the 1960s would you have qualified for the draft based on age,

gender, etc? Why or why not?

A Nation Divided: Women and African Americans • Imbalance in African American death toll to actual population in the

US. 20% deaths v. 10% population • MLK tried not to speak about Vietnam for it would take away from

issues of Civil Rights • Racial tension and hostility in platoons= low troop morale • 10,000 women served as nurses- not allowed in combat• Thousands more volunteered for Red Cross and USO

The New Left

• New Left: Growing movement towards socialism: • Students fro a Democratic Society (SDS)- say corporations and large gov’t

institutions were taking over America• Free Speech Movement (FSM)(1964)- clash between students and

administrators over free speech on Campus

Opposition and Protests

• Campus Activists: dress codes, curfews, dorm regulations, ROTC programs• FDU in NJ- marched for an expression of student discontent

• March on Washington with 20,000 supporters in 1965, 30,000 in 1966• Resistance to Vietnam: “a civil war that the US military had no

business being there” “Oppressive SV regime was no better than the NV communist regime”• Draft- 10,000 fled to Canada, others were imprisoned for violating

draft laws

• http://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/news/2015/04/17/protesters-looks-back-50-years-after-first-major-vietnam-war-protest.html

Left Side: Hawk or Dove

• Create your own pro or anti Vietnam Poster

Daily Warm Up: Tet Offensive

• What is Tet New Year? When is it celebrated? Why is it celebrated?• What was the Tet Offensive

1968

• The Tet Offense changed millions of minds about the war- both sides now tailed at 40% • Minds also changing about the White House- Robert Mc Namara

resigns and Johnson picks Clark Clifford- a friend and supporter of the Vietnam Policy • Johnson realizes he has lost the American Public and his support

plummets

Days of Loss and Rage

• “The War.. Killed the Lady that I love, the Great Society”- Johnson• Johnson decides not to run for President after going back and forth

with nominations• April 4, 1968- Martin Luther King Jr. is assassinated• Robert Kennedy decides to run on the Democratic ballot- is too

assassinated by Palestinian immigrant Sirhan- upset by his support of Israel

Race for President

• Eugene Mc Carthy (D) v Hubert Humphrey• Chaos and riots break out

• Nixon campaigns on a promise to restore law and order • George Wallace runs on a third party

Left Side: Kent State

• Pg 756-757 Answer the skillbuilder questions 1 and 2

Daily Warm Up: My Lai Massacre

• Who was involved?• What Happened?• Where did it happen?• When?• Why?

Nixon and Vietnam

• 1969- First Troops are with drawled by Nixon- Vietnamization- gradual with drawl created by Nixon and Henry Kissinger (Security Advisor)• 500,000 troops to 25,000

Peace with honor- however as Nixon had troops leave Vietnam- he ordered more bombing on NV, Laos and Cambodia where Vietcong refugees still hid in order to prove a point

Pentagon Papers

• By first bombing and invading Cambodia, Capitol Hill is not pleased with Nixon• 7,000 page document of plans for Vietnam was leaked by Daniel

Ellsberg• For Americans it proved that the government had not been honest

about its war intentions

Americans longest War Ends

• March 1972- the Vietnamese launched their biggest attack on SV since the Tet Offensive in 1986- Nixon orders the biggest bombing the NV has ever seen• Grueling stalemate continues and it was after that the Nixon administration

took steps to end America’s involvement • Kissinger and Le Duc Tho (NV Chief negotiator) discuss Peace- but talks broke

off because of talk of NV troops stationed in SV• Nixon wins re-election- however orders the Christmas bombings-100,000

bombs only to pause once on Christmas Day• US signs and Agreement on Ending the War in Vietnam and Restoring Peace”

under the agreement NV troops would stay in SV• March 29 1973 the last US combat troops left for home

Legacy of Vietnam

• Saigon falls in April 30, 1975- South Vietnam surrenders to North Vietnam• War Powers Act- A president must inform congress within 48 hours of

sending forces into a hostile area without a declaration of war • 1.5 million people fled Vietnam• Cambodian Civil War lead to genocide • 15% of soldiers had PTSD and could not readjust