AA   FASD   SAP   YPE   ATOD   DSM   NA   IYS   SPF   CDC   DFC   IADDA  

SAMHSA   ONDCP   NREPP   IISAP   NIDA   BAC   CAPT   SADD   CPRD  

FASD   IDHS   SAPP   ISBE   IOM   CSAP   MADD   NIAAA   AA   FASD  

SAP   YPE   ATOD   DSM   NA   IYS   SPF   CDC   DFC   IADDA   SAMHSA  

ONDCP     NREPP      IISAP     NIDA     BAC     CAPT     SADD     CPRD     FASD  

IDHS    SAPP     ISBE     IOM    CSAP    MADD    NIAAA  FASD    SAP    YPE  

ATOD   DSM   NA   IYS   SPF   CDC   DFC   IADDA   SAMHSA   ONDCP  

NREPP   IISAP   NIDA   BAC   CAPT   SADD   CPRD   FASD   IDHS   SAPP  

ISBE   IOM   CSAP   MADD   NIAAA FASD   SAP   YPE   ATOD   DSM   NA  

IYS   SPF   CDC   DFC   IADDA   SAMHSA   ONDCP   NREPP   IISAP   NIDA  

BAC   CAPT   SADD   CPRD   FASD    IDHS   SAPP    ISBE     IOM   CSAP  

MADD   NIAAA  AA   FASD   SAP   YPE   ATOD   DSM   NA   IYS   SPF  

CDC   DFC   IADDA   SAMHSA   ONDCP   NREPP   IISAP   NIDA   BAC  

CAPT   SADD   CPRD   AA   FASD   SAP   YPE   ATOD   DSM   NA   IYS  

SPF    CDC    DFC     IADDA    SAMHSA    ONDCP    NREPP     IISAP    NIDA  

BAC   CAPT   SADD   CPRD   FASD    IDHS   SAPP    ISBE     IOM   CSAP  

MADD   NIAAA   AA   FASD   SAP   YPE   ATOD   DSM   NA   IYS   SPF  

CDC   DFC   IADDA   SAMHSA   ONDCP   NREPP   IISAP   NIDA   BAC  

CAPT   SADD   CPRD   FASD   IDHS   SAPP   ISBE   IOM   CSAP   MADD  

NIAAA   AA   FASD   SAP   YPE   ATOD   DSM   NA   IYS   SPF   CDC   DFC  

IADDA   SAMHSA   ONDCP   NREPP   IISAP   NIDA   BAC   CAPT   SADD  

A guide to 

substance abuse 

prevention 

terminology  

PREVENTION LINGO

Funded in whole or in part by the Illinois Department of Human Services, Division of Substance Use Prevention and Recovery through a grant from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

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Welcometothefieldofsubstanceabuseprevention!

Enteringanewprofessionorevenanewcommunitycanoftenmakeyoufeellikeyouareastepbehindeveryoneelsewhenitcomestoterminology.Gettingthe“lingo”downisoftenoneofthemostdifficulttaskstomaster.Doctors,lawyers,constructionworkers,librariansandevenclerksatyourfavoritecoffeehousespeakintheirown“code.”This“PreventionLingo”bookletismeanttoassistyouindecipheringthepreventionfield’s“code.”Itcontainsmanyofthetermsandacronymsthatyouwillencounterduringyourtenureinthesubstanceabusepreventionfield.Thefirstseveralpagesofthe“PreventionLingo”bookletlistcommonlyusedacronymsyouwillbegintohearduringyourwork.TheselistswillgiveyoutheabilitytounderstandwhatCSAPisandtoknowwhomtocallwhenyouareaskedtocontactCPRD.Inadditiontotheacronyms,therearedefinitionsoftermsandphrasestohelpyoubetterunderstandthecontextinwhichyouareworking.Wehopeyouwillusethisbookletasaresourcewhileyouarestartingoutinyournewroleasasubstanceabusepreventionprovider.Manyofthegovernmentalagencies,organizationsandassociationslistedinthisguideofferusefulinformationandresourcesrelevanttopreventionists’work.

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GeneralAcronymsTheseacronymsarecommonlyusedwithinthepreventionfieldinIllinois.Mostoftheacronymsarespokenbysayingeachletter,suchasAA.Othersarepronouncedaswords,suchas“spiff”(SPF).Thepronunciationforeachacronymisinquotationmarks.Acronym MeaningofAcronym AA AlcoholicsAnonymous

AOD AlcoholandOtherDrugs

ATOD Alcohol,TobaccoandOtherDrugs

BAC BloodAlcoholContent

BAL BloodAlcoholLevel

CA CocaineAnonymous

CCA ChicagoCommunityArea

COA ChildrenofAlcoholics

DSM DiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders

DUI DrivingUndertheInfluence

DWI DrivingWhileIntoxicated

EAP EmployeeAssistanceProgram

FA FamiliesAnonymous

FASD FetalAlcoholSpectrumDisorder

IISAP“i‐sap” IllinoisIntroductiontoSubstanceAbusePrevention

IYS IllinoisYouthSurvey

LGBTQIA Lesbian,Gay,Bisexual,Transgender,Queer,Intersex,Asexual

NA NarcoticsAnonymous

PSA PublicServiceAnnouncement

PTA/PTO ParentTeacherAssociationorOrganization

SAP StudentAssistanceProgram

SBI ScreeningandBriefIntervention

SPF“spiff” StrategicPreventionFramework

SUD“sud” SubstanceUseDisorder

TA TechnicalAssistance

YAC“yak” YouthAdvisoryCommittee

YPE YouthPreventionEducation

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StateandNationalGovernmentalEntities,Organizations,AssociationsandProgramsAcronym MeaningofAcronym CADCA“cad‐ka” CommunityAnti‐DrugCoalitionsofAmerica

CADCAisanonprofitorganizationthatworkstostrengthenthecapacityofcommunitycoalitionsacrossthecountryintheirefforttocreateandmaintainsafe,healthyanddrug‐freecommunities.

CDC CentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionCDC’smissionistocollaborativelycreatetheexpertise,informationandtoolsthatpeopleandcommunitiesneedtoprotecttheirhealththroughhealthpromotion,preventionofdisease,injuryanddisability,andpreparednessfornewhealththreats.

CAPT“kapt” CenterfortheApplicationofPreventionTechnologiesSAMHSA'sCenterfortheApplicationofPreventionTechnologies(CAPT)isanationalsubstanceabusepreventionsystemcommittedtostrengtheningpreventioneffortsatthenational,regional,state,andlocallevels;andtobuildingthenation’ssubstanceabusepreventionworkforce.

CGTI CebrinGoodmanTeenInstituteTheCebrinGoodmanTeenInstitute(CGTI)issponsoredbytheIllinoisAssociationforBehavioralHealth(IABH).CGTIoffersopportunitiesforteensaroundthestatetolearnaboutleadership,healthychoices,andworkingwithotherstocreatebettercommunities.

CPRD CenterforPreventionResearchandDevelopmentCPRDisfundedbytheIllinoisDepartmentofHumanServicesSubstanceAbusePreventionProgramtomanageanonlinereportingsystem,supportevaluationandadministertheIllinoisYouthSurvey.

CSAP“c‐sap” CenterforSubstanceAbusePreventionHousedwithintheSubstanceAbuseandMentalHealthServicesAdministration,CSAPprovidesnationalleadershipinthefederalefforttopreventalcohol,tobaccoandotherdrugproblems.

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Acronym MeaningofAcronymCSAPS“c‐saps”

ChicagoSubstanceAbusePreventionServicesCSAPSisagrantprogramoftheIllinoisDepartmentofHumanServicesSubstanceAbusePreventionProgramestablishedin2017toprovidesubstanceabusepreventionservicesintheCityofChicago.

DCFS IllinoisDepartmentofChildrenandFamilyServicesDCFSisthedepartmentofIllinoisstategovernmentresponsibleforchildprotectiveservices.DCFSaimstoprotectchildrenwhoarereportedtobeabusedorneglectedandtoincreasetheirfamilies'capacitytosafelycareforthem.

DEA DrugEnforcementAdministrationTheDEAisaUnitedStatesfederallawenforcementagencyundertheU.S.DepartmentofJusticetaskedwithcombatingdrugsmugglingandusewithintheUnitedStates.TheDEAistheleadagencyfordomesticenforcementoftheControlledSubstancesAct.

DFC Drug‐FreeCommunitiesSupportProgramDFCisafederalgrantprogramthatprovidesfundingtocommunity‐basedcoalitionsthatorganizetopreventyouthsubstanceuse.ThegoalsoftheDFCaretoestablishandstrengthencollaborationamongmultiplecommunitystakeholderstopreventandreduceyouthsubstanceabuse,andtoreduceadultsubstanceabuseovertimebyreducingcommunityriskfactorsassociatedwithit.

IABH IllinoisAssociationforBehavioralHealthFormerlyIllinoisAlcoholismandDrugDependenceAssociation(IADDA),IABHisastatewideorganizationrepresentingaddictionandmentalillnessprevention,treatmentandrecoveryservicesagencies,staff,consumers,affiliatedorganizations,andcorporations.IABHeducatesabouttheimportanceofBehavioralHealth,andadvocatesforsoundpublicpoliciesinthebehavioralhealthfield.

ICB IllinoisCertificationBoardPreviouslyknownasIAODAPCA,ICBisaprivate,nonprofitorganizationthatpromotesstandardsforprofessionalsinthealcoholandotherdrugabusefieldincludingcertificationforpreventionanddrugcounselingprofessionals.

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Acronym MeaningofAcronymIC&RC

InternationalCertification&ReciprocityConsortiumTheIC&RCsetstheinternationalstandardsofpracticeforaddictioncounseling,preventionandclinicalsupervisionthroughthetestingandcredentialingofaddictionprofessionals.

IDHS IllinoisDepartmentofHumanServicesCreatedin1997,IDHSprovidesourstate'sresidentswithstreamlinedaccesstoservices,especiallythosewhoarestrivingtomovefromwelfaretoworkandeconomicindependence.

IDPH IllinoisDepartmentofPublicHealthThemissionofIDPHistoprotectthehealthandwellnessofthepeopleofIllinoisthroughtheprevention,healthpromotion,regulation,andthecontrolofdiseaseandinjury.

ILCC IllinoisLiquorControlCommissionTheILCCisresponsibleforissuingstateliquorlicenses,conductinginspectionsatlicensedentitiesandeducatingtheliquorindustryonthelawsthatgovernliquorandtobaccosalesthroughoutIllinois.

ISBE“is‐bee” IllinoisStateBoardofEducationCreatedin1975,theboardsetsstateeducationalpoliciesandguidelinesforschools,preschoolthroughgrade12.TheyassistschoolsanddistrictsinbuildingcapacityforcontinuousimprovementandtheachievementoftheIllinoisLearningStandards.

MADD“mad” MothersAgainstDrunkDrivingThemissionofMADDistoenddrunkdriving,helpfightdruggeddriving,supportthevictimsoftheseviolentcrimes,andpreventunderagedrinking.

NACoA NationalAssociationofChildrenofAlcoholicsNACoA’smissionistoeliminatetheadverseimpactofalcoholanddruguseonchildrenandfamiliesbyraisingpublicawareness,providingleadershipinpublicpolicyatthenational,stateandlocallevels,andadvocatingforappropriate,effectiveandaccessibleeducationandpreventionservices.

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Acronym MeaningofAcronymNAM

NationalAcademyofMedicineNAM,establishedin1970underthenameInstituteofMedicine(IOM),providesnationaladviceonissuesrelatingtobiomedicalscience,medicine,andhealth,andservesasanadvisertothenationtoimprovehealth.

NASADAD TheNationalAssociationofStateAlcoholandDrugAbuseDirectorsNASADADisaprivate,not‐for‐profiteducational,scientific,andinformationalorganization.NASADAD’sbasicpurposeistofosterandsupportthedevelopmentofeffectivealcoholandotherdrugabusepreventionandtreatmentprogramsthroughouteveryState.

NIAAA“n‐i‐trip‐ple‐a”

NationalInstituteonAlcoholAbuseandAlcoholismNIAAAisoneofthe27institutesandcentersthatcomprisetheNationalInstitutesofHealth(NIH).NIAAAsupportsandconductsresearchontheimpactofalcoholuseonhumanhealthandwell‐being.Itisthelargestfunderofalcoholresearchintheworld.

NIDA“nigh‐da” NationalInstituteonDrugAbuseNIDA’smissionistoadvancescienceonthecausesandconsequencesofdruguseandaddictionandtoapplythatknowledgetoimproveindividualandpublichealth.

NPN NationalPreventionNetworkTheNPNisanorganizationofstatealcoholandotherdrugabusepreventionrepresentativesthatprovidesanationaladvocacyandcommunicationsystemforprevention.

NREPP“n‐rep” NationalRegistryofEvidence‐BasedProgramsandPracticesNREPPisasearchabledatabaseofinterventionsforthepreventionandtreatmentofmentalandsubstanceusedisorders.SAMHSAdevelopedthisresourcetohelpthepubliclearnmoreaboutevidence‐basedinterventionsthatareavailableforimplementation.

OJJDP OfficeofJuvenileJusticeandDelinquencyPreventionOJJDP,acomponentoftheOfficeofJusticePrograms,U.S.DepartmentofJustice,providesfundingandsupporttostatesandcommunitiesintheireffortstodevelopandimplementeffectiveprogramsforjuveniles.TheOfficestrivestostrengtheneffortstoprotectpublicsafety,holdoffendersaccountableandprovideservicesthataddresstheneedsofyouthandtheirfamilies.

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Acronym MeaningofAcronymONDCP

OfficeofNationalDrugControlPolicyONDCP,acomponentoftheExecutiveOfficeofthePresident,wasestablishedbytheAnti‐DrugAbuseActof1988.ONDCPworkstoreducedruguseanditsconsequencesbyleadingandcoordinatingthedevelopment,implementation,andassessmentofU.S.drugpolicy.

PFS PartnershipsforSuccessThepurposeoftheIllinoisPFSgrantistouseacommunity‐basedparticipatoryapproachtoaddressingunderagedrinkingthroughevidence‐basedenvironmentalstrategies.

SABG SubstanceAbuse(PreventionandTreatment)BlockGrantSABGisthefederalgovernment’sprimarysourceoffundingtoStatesfordrugandalcoholtreatmentandforprimarypreventionprograms.TheSABGisadministeredbytheSubstanceAbuseandMentalHealthServicesAdministration.

SADD“sad” StudentsAgainstDestructiveDecisionsSADDisapeer‐to‐peereducation,preventionandactivismorganizationdedicatedtopreventingdestructivedecisions,particularlyunderagedrinking,otherdruguse,riskyandimpaireddriving,teenviolenceandteensuicide.

SAMHSA“sam‐sah”

SubstanceAbuseandMentalHealthServicesAdministrationSAMHSAistheagencywithintheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServicesthatleadspublichealtheffortstoadvancethebehavioralhealthofthenation.TheagencyprovidestheSubstanceAbusePreventionandTreatment(SAPT)BlockGrantfundingtostates.

SAPP“sap” SubstanceAbusePreventionProgramSAPPisaprogramoftheIllinoisDepartmentofHumanServiceswhichfundsagenciesthroughoutIllinoistodeliversubstanceabusepreventionservices.Fundedagenciesworkwithintheircommunitiestohelpachievestatepreventiongoals.

SAPS“saps” SubstanceAbusePreventionServicesSAPSisagrantprogramoftheIllinoisDepartmentofHumanServicesSubstanceAbusePreventionProgramestablishedin2017toprovidesubstanceabusepreventionservicesinsuburban,otherurban,andruralareasofIllinois(excludingtheCityofChicago).

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Acronym MeaningofAcronymSRSAPS“s‐r‐saps”

StateandRegionalSubstanceAbusePreventionServicesSRSAPSisagrantprogramoftheIllinoisDepartmentofHumanServicesSubstanceAbusePreventionProgramestablishedin2017toprovidesubstanceabusepreventionservicesininregionsandthroughstatewideinitiativesinIllinois.

SUPR“super” DivisionofSubstanceUsePreventionandRecoverySUPRistheIllinoisDepartmentofHumanService’sleadagencyprimarilyresponsibleforprovidingprevention,interventionandtreatmentservicesrelatedtoalcohol,tobaccoandotherdrugstocitizensofIllinois.

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CommonTermsandDefinitionsInadditiontothemanyacronymsfrequentlyusedinconversationamongsubstanceabuseprofessionals,youwillalsoencountertermsandphrasesspecifictoourfield.Thefollowingpagesareanalphabeticallistingofcommontermsandphrasesyouwillneedtounderstandasyougainmoreexperienceinthefieldofsubstanceabuseprevention.AdaptationThemodificationofaspectsofaprogramorpractice,includingcontent,deliverymethodandlengthofprogramsessions.AgeofOnsetTheageoffirstuse.ArchivalDataRelativetothecollectionofdataforneedsassessmentpurposes,informationthatalreadyexistsandiscollectedandstoredonaperiodicbasis.Manypublicagenciescollectdatathatcanbeuseddirectlyorindirectlyforanoverallpictureofsubstanceuseorabusewithinaspecificgeographicarea(e.g.,U.S.censusdataandschoolreportcards).AssessmentTheformalandobjectiveprocessofcollectingandanalyzingvaliddatatoidentifypatternsthatyieldmeaningfulandactionableinformation.Areasofassessmentincludecontextualconditions,needs(i.e.,problems),resources,readinesstoidentifybehaviorsandconditionsasproblemsandtakeaction,organizationalinfrastructureandcapacity,andgapsinservices.BaselineObservationsordataaboutthetargetareaandtargetpopulationpriortoprograminterventionthatcanbeusedasabasisforcomparisonfollowingprogramimplementation.BestPracticesStrategiesandprogramsthathavebeenshownthroughsubstantialresearchandevaluationtobeeffectiveatpreventingand/ordelayingsubstanceabuse.CapacityBuildingIncreasingtheabilityandskillsofcoalitions,individuals,groupsandorganizationstoplan,deliverandevaluatesubstanceabusepreventionefforts.CoalitionAgroupofpeoplerepresentingthecommunitywhoworktogethertowardacommoncause.

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CommunicationCampaignCommunicationcampaignsutilizeapurposefulpromotionalstrategytochangeknowledge,attitudes,behaviororpolicyamongaspecific,intendedaudienceviamarketingandadvertisingtechniques.CommunityReadinessTheextenttowhichacommunityisadequatelyprepared(awareness,interest,abilityandwillingness)tosupportandaddresssubstanceabusepreventionefforts.ComprehensiveApproachThedeliveryofservicesinmultipledomainsorspheresofinfluence(youth,families,schoolandcommunities)thattargetsthesamepopulationineachspheretoreinforceconsistentmessagesthatdeteryouthalcohol,tobaccoandotherdruguse.ConsequencesConsequencesdescribewhathappenswhenpeopleusesubstances.LocalATOD‐relatedconsequencesmayinclude:trafficcrashesorfatalities,arrests,crime/violence,treatmentadmissions,DUIoffenses,hospitalizations,orschoolsuspensions/expulsions.Consequencedataistypicallyarchivaldata,ordatacollectedbylawenforcementagencies,hospitals,schools,orothercommunityentities.ConsumptionPatternsConsumptionpatternsdescribethewaypeopledrink,smokeanduseillicitdrugs.CommonmeasuresforATODconsumptioninclude:lifetimeuse,ageoffirstuse,past‐yearand30‐dayuseandhigh‐riskbehaviors,suchasdrinkinganddriving,ridingwithadrinkingdriver,andbingedrinking.Consumptiondatatendstobecollectedthroughsurveysorotherself‐reporteddata.ContributingFactorsContributingfactorsarevariablesthathavebeenidentifiedasbeingstronglyrelatedto,andinfluentialin,theoccurrenceandmagnitudeofsubstanceuseproblems.Datarelatedtocontributingfactorsareacriticalpartofaneedsassessment,becausetheyhelptoexplainwhatisdrivingthelocallyidentifiedproblem.CriticalIncidentsEventsthatoccurthatimpacttheattitudes,perceptionsandnormsinacommunity.CulturalCompetenceTheabilitytoworkeffectivelyacrossculturesbytranscendingpersonalparadigms(e.g.,valuesandattitudes)andadoptingandimplementingbehaviorsandpracticesthathonorandrespectthebeliefs,language,interpersonalstyles,andbehaviorsofothers.

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Data‐DrivenDecisionMakingTheprocessofexaminingandutilizingdatatomakeinformeddecisionsregardingprogramplanning,selection,implementation,improvementordiscontinuation.DataSourcesDocumentssuchasschoolrecords,sign‐insheetsandsatisfactionsurveysthatcontainqualitativeandquantitativeinformationaboutaprogram.DosageTheamountofprogramcontentaparticipantreceives.

DrugAnysubstancewhich,whentaken,changesoneormoreofaperson’smentalorphysicalfunctions.DurationThetotallengthoftheinterventionorprogram.EnvironmentalApproachesStrategiesthathelpalterpolicies,procedures,systemsandattitudesandaimtochangeorinfluencecommunitystandards,institutions,structuresandattitudesthatshapeindividuals’behavior.Environmentalapproachesareusedtochangepublicperceptionsandattitudes,improveandenforcelawsandregulations,decreasetheavailabilityoforaccesstoharmfuldrugs,andaddressotherfactorsaffectingpublichealthandsafety.Evidence‐BasedPreventionPrinciples,strategiesandprogramsthatarebasedontheory,arewellimplementedandhavedemonstratedapositiveeffectonspecifiedbehaviorsorriskfactors.Evidence‐basedpreventionisbasedonresearchthatmeetscommonlyagreed‐uponcriteriaandisguidedbycredibleandsubstantiatedresearchevaluation.FidelityThedegreetowhichaprogramorpolicyisimplementedaccordingtoitsdesign.FocusGroupAsmallgroupofpeoplewithsharedcharacteristicswhotypicallyparticipate,underthedirectionofamoderator,inafocuseddiscussiondesignedtoidentifyperceptionsandopinionsaboutaspecifictopicinordertocollectbackgroundinformation,createnewideasandhypotheses,assessaprogramorinterpretresultsfromotherdatasources.GoalsGeneralstatementsofmajoraccomplishmentsthatneedtobeachievedtorealizeanexpressedvision.Goalsgenerallydescribechangesinbehaviorsthatwillpreventproblemsandrelatedconsequences.

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ImpactLong‐term,globaleffectsofaprogramorinterventiononthebehaviorofthetargetpopulation.IndicatedPreventionTargetsindividualswhodonotmeetthecriteriaforaddictionbutwhoareexhibitingearlysignsofproblematicsubstanceuse.IndicatorAmeasurablebehaviororcondition(e.g.,30‐dayuse,perceptionofharm)thatisreflectiveofanoverarchingproblemorcondition,whichcanbemonitoredtoevaluatechangeovertime.IntensityThefrequencywithwhichthetargetaudiencereceivestheprogramintervention.InterventionAprogram,activity,strategyorapproachusedtopreventorlowertherateofsubstanceabuse.LogicModelAflowchartorgraphicdisplayrepresentingatheoryofchangeastohowspecificinterventionswillimpactaspecificproblemandit’sidentifiedinterveningvariables/contributingfactors.LinkageAgreementAwrittendocument(formalorinformal)thatclarifieseachpreventionpartner’sroleandresponsibilitywhenthereisalreadyawillingnesstoworktogether.MediaAdvocacyThestrategicuseofmediaforadvancingasocialorpublicpolicyinitiative.MissionStatementAstatementthatdescribesanorganization’spurpose.NormsAbehaviororbeliefthatisconsideredtypicalofacommunity.ObjectivesSpecificstatementsthatarelogicallylinkedtodesiredgoalsanddescribechangesintheunderlyingconditionsthatmustoccurtoachievethesegoals.

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OutcomeAstatementofintendedaccomplishmentthatdemonstratesthatquantifiableprogressisbeingmade.Outcomesmaybeimmediate(e.g.,achangeinknowledge,skills,abilities,perceptions,orattitudes—typicallymeasuredbyapre‐andpost‐testafteranintervention);intermediate(e.g.,achangeinunderlyingcausalconditions);orlongterm(e.g.,achangeinbehavior).Inanycase,outcomestatementsshouldbespecific,measurable,achievable,realistic,andtimelimited.OutcomeEvaluationSystematicprocessofcollecting,analyzingandinterpretingdatatodetermineiftherehavebeenchangesinstatedoutcomes(communityconditionsorcharacteristics).PoliciesFormallycodifiedrules,regulations,standards,orlawsthataredesignedtopreventproblems(e.g.,minimum‐agepurchaselawsforalcoholandtobacco);orinformalandunwrittenstandardsandnorms(e.g.,decisionstoprioritizeprosecutionofcertainoffenses,suchassalesofage‐restrictedproductstominors).PreventionAproactiveprocessthatempowersindividualsandsystemstomeetthechallengesoflifeeventsandtransitionsbycreatingandreinforcingconditionsthatpromotehealthybehaviorsandlifestyles.PreventionScienceIncludesallscientificefforts(research,observation,study)supportingthedevelopmentofinterventionsthatpreventtheonsetofproblematic,social,psychologicalorphysicaldisordersoroutcomes.PrinciplesTenantsorconceptsderivedfrompreventionresearch(quantitativeandqualitativemeta‐analyticstudiesorfromexpertpanelsthatreviewresearchliteratureanddrawconsensusagreements)thatcanbeprescriptiveinprovidingimplementationdirections.Pre‐testandPost‐testDatacollectionthatisconductedbeforeandaftertheprograminterventiontomeasureaprogram’seffectiveness.ProblemStatementAconcisedescriptionofthepriorityproblemsandconsequencesthatexist,whichwereidentifiedduringtheassessmentprocessandwhichtheplanningprocesswilladdress.

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ProcessEvaluationAdescriptiveandongoingassessmentprocessthatidentifieswhatactivitieswereimplemented,thequalityoftheimplementationandthestrengthsandweaknessesoftheimplementation.Processevaluationeffortsproduceusefulfeedbacktorefineprograms,determinewhichactivitiesweremostsuccessful,documentsuccessfulprocessesforfuturereplicationanddemonstrateprogramactivitiesbeforedemonstratingoutcomes.ProtectiveFactorAnattribute,situation,conditionorenvironmentalcontextthatworkstoshelteranindividualfromthelikelihoodofATODuse.QualitativeDataContextualinformationthatusuallydescribesparticipantsandinterventionsreportedinnarrativeformsuchasdescriptionsofprograms,testimonials,open‐endedresponsestoquestions,etc.QuantitativeDataInformationaboutaninterventiongatheredinnumericformandanalyzedwithstatisticstotesthypothesesandtrackthestrengthanddirectionofeffects.ReachThetotalnumberofindividualsaffectedbytheprogramorpractice.ReplicateToimplementaprograminasettingotherthantheoneforwhichitoriginallywasdesignedandimplemented,withattentiontothefaithfultransferofitscoreelementstothenewsetting.ResiliencyTheabilitytocopesuccessfullywithsignificantadversityorriskortoovercomethenegativeeffectsofriskfactors.RiskFactorsIndividualattributesandcommunityandfamilyconditionsthatincreasethelikelihoodofdruguseorabuseorthatmayleadtoanincreaseofcurrentuse.SectorAspecifieddemographicpopulationofthecommunitythatrepresentsthegroups’interestswithinthecommunityasawhole.Examplesinclude:youth;parents;businesscommunity;school;lawenforcementagenciesetc.

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SelectivePreventionPreventioneffortsthattargetsubsetsofthepopulationthataredeemedtobeathigherriskforsubstanceabusebyvirtueoftheirmembershipinaparticularpopulationsegment.Targetedsubgroupsmaybeidentifiedonthebasisofbiological,psychological,socialorenvironmentalriskfactorssuchasfamilyhistory(i.e.childrenofalcoholics)orplaceofresidence(i.e.highdrug‐useneighborhoods).Social‐NormsMarketingTheprocessofapplyingmarketingconceptstosocialandhealthissuesinordertopromotepositive,truenormspracticedbythemajorityofagrouporpopulationthroughmassmedia.StakeholderThoseindividualsororganizationsthatwillbeinvolvedin,affectedby,interestedin,orhavepoweroveraninitiativeinonewayoranother.StrategicPlanningAdisciplinedandfocusedefforttoproducedecisionsandactivitiesthatguidethesuccessfulimplementationofanintervention.StrategyAcourseofactionthatisbasedonatheoryofchange(alogicalbelief,basedonassessmentandevaluation,thataspecificcourseofactionwillresultincertaindesiredoutcomes).Strategiesmayconsistofprograms,policiesand/orpractices.SustainabilityTheprocessthroughwhichapreventionsystembecomesanormandisintegratedintoongoingoperations.Sustainabilityisvitaltoensuringthatpreventionvaluesandprocessesarefirmlyestablished,partnershipsarestrengthened,andfinancialandotherresourcesaresecuredoverthelongterm.SystemAsetofinteracting,interdependententitiesthatformanintegratedwhole.SystemsTheoryAframeworkbywhichtoanalyzeandunderstandthewaysinwhichasetofinteracting,interdependent‘parts’worksinconcerttoproduceresults.TargetPopulationThoseindividualsandgroupswhoareaffectedbytheproblemsandconsequences–orwhoareinvolvedintheoccurrenceoftheproblemsandconsequences–uponwhominterventionsmustbefocusedtobeeffective.

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TechnicalAssistance(TA)Servicesprovidedbyprofessionalpreventionstaffintendedtoprovidetechnicalguidancetopreventionprograms,communityorganizationsandindividualstoconduct,strengthenorenhanceactivitiesthatwillpromoteprevention.UniversalPreventionPreventioneffortstargetedtothegeneralpopulation—allfamilies,allyouth,orallsystems—withmessagesandprogramsaimedatpreventingordelayingtheuseofalcohol,tobaccoandotherdrugs.VisionStatementAstatementthatexpressestheoverarchingdesiredidealstatetowardwhichactionandresourcesarebeingdirected.

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ReferencesThetermsanddefinitionscontainedinthisdocumentwereobtained/adaptedfromthefollowingsourcedocuments:1. VirginiaEffectivePracticesProject:Atkinson,A.,Deaton,M.,Travis,R.,&Wessel,T.

(1998).JamesMadisonUniversityandtheVirginiaDepartmentofEducation.

2. FindingtheBalance:ProgramFidelityandAdaptationinSubstanceAbusePrevention.ExecutiveSummary(2001).SAMHSA/CSAP/NCAP.

3. AssessmentandPlanningToolsforBuildingEffectiveHealthSystems.APHA137th

AnnualMeetingandExposition.November9,2009.LaurieBargerSutter.

4. Theglossaryfromwww.preventiondss.org.

5. PreventionBasics:BuildingSkillsforSuccessfulPreventionWork(2002).PreventionFirst.

6. SubstanceAbuseandMentalHealthServicesAdministration,CenterforSubstance

AbusePreventionandCentersfortheApplicationofPreventionTechnologies.

7. GettingtoOutcomesVolume1(2000).SAMHSA/CSAP/NCAP.

8. AchievingOutcomes:APractitioner’sGuidetoEffectivePrevention(2002ConferenceEdition).SAMHSA/CSAP.

9. SAMHSA’sPreventionPlatformatpreventionplatform.samhsa.gov.

10. Cellini,HenryR.Alcohol,TobaccoandOtherDrugs(1996).TrainingandResearch

Institute.

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PreventionFirstisanonprofit501(c)(3)dedicatedtopreventingteendrugusebeforeitstarts.Since1980,PreventionFirsthasprovidedtraining,technicalassistanceandresourcematerialstothousandsofschools,communitygroups,parentsandyouth.PreventionFirstservesastheleadtrainingorganizationfortheIllinoisDepartmentofHumanServicesSubstanceAbusePreventionProgram.

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