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Levonorgestrel releasing IUS (Mirena®) after abortion
S.Rogovskaya, MD,PhD
The Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology,
Russian Academy of Medical Science,
Moscow, Russia
202 190,1 191,9 186 173,7 170,7 156,2
89 67,5 64,5 60,3 57,3 53 50,5
0
100
200
300
1992 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
на 1000 женщин фертильного возраста на 100 родов
Abortion and gynecological morbidity
(MH RF)
Abortion number 0 2 -3 6 -7
Risk of gynecological morbidity %
3 -4 18 -20 100
The higher the number of abortions –The higher the risk of gynecological diseases
N.Nikiforovsky et.al, 2000
Abortion rates in RF
Special demands for contraception after abortion
Long-term
Reversible
Effective Safe Easy to use
Reasons to initiate contraception
immediately after abortion
The return of fertility after a first trimester abortion is very rapid
For women, who usually do not visit a doctor and might not come to a control visit after abortion - an optimal opportunity to initiate contraception is immediately after the procedure
Contraception after abortion (tipical use)
Method Pearl indexCOP 1-3
Injection 0,3– 1,0
Implants 0,2-1,0
IUD 0,1 – 3,9
Barrier 5 –25
Sterilization 0,2 – 1,0
Natural 10-30
V. Prilepskaya, 1998
Intrauterine levonorgestrel- releasing system was developed to combine
contraceptive and therapeutic properties of hormonal agents with advantages
of intrauterine devices
Long lasting Active progestin Antiestrogenic effect Antiproliferative action on endometrium No metabolic effect Therapeutic properties
Advantages of LNG IUS
Lighter periods Reduces dysmenorrhea Beneficial effects on adenomyosis
and leiomyomas Effective treatment in menorrhagia Decreases the need for hysterectomies Protection from endometrium hyperplasia during hormonal therapy (HRT) Intrauterine release of 20µg LNG/d Approved for 5 years Pearl-index ~ 0.1
Maia et al, Gyn&Endocr 2005; Grigorieva et al, Fertil&Steril 2003; Hurskainen et al, JAMA 2004
Various aspects of LNG-IUS were studied in Research Center of Obstetrics,
Gynaecology and Perinatology for 8 years
Two studies were carried out within
framework of WHO and FHI.
Published: 1 monograph, 30 articles in domestic and foreign magazines, 16 reports at congresses,
conferences and symposia.
Detailed survey in 1126 women.
V. Prilepskaya, L.Ostreykova, A.Tagieva, 2005
LNG-IUS in women with diabetes
The continuation rates per 100 women with diabetes mellitus type I
86.7% (95% CI, 68.8-100)
The small amounts of levonorgestrel absorbed systemically from LNG-IUS do not impair glucose metabolism
S.Rogovskaya et al, The AmericanCollege of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 2005
Glycosylated haemoglobin at baseline and follow-up by treatment group
S.Rogovskaya et al, 2005
Mirena-IUS after surgical abortion: the first study
Immediate postabortal insertion of a LNG-releasing IUS compared with Cu-IUD n= 60
Both devices well tolerated LNG-IUS - regular cycles in 75% at 1 year Cu-IUD - regular cycles in all
Continuation rate 75% at 1 year
Heikkilä et al., Contraception, 1982; 26:245-59
12-month multicenter trial comparing Mirena® and Nova T®
Alltogether 2758 women 1821 in Mirena group 937 in NovaT group
440 (16%) postabortal insertions immediately after abortion or in 2 weeks
Luukkainen et al 1987
Cumulative 12-month events per 100 women
Event NovaT Mirena NovaT Mirena
Pregnancy 0.8 0.1 2.1 0
Expulsion 3.0 2.8 8.3 6.8
Mestrual/pain 7.5 9.0 7.7 7.9
Hormonal 0.1 2.6 0 1.7
Other medical 1.9 2.3 9.2 7.1
Personal 2.8 2.5 1.8 2.7
Continuation 83.9 80.8 71.3 73.8
Menstrual Interval Postabortion
Luukkainen et al 1987
Results of 12-month study Pregnancies
Mirena group 0 NovaT group 2.1 / 100 women
Expulsion rate higher in postabortion insertions NovaT 3.0 vs 8.3 Mirena 2.8 vs 6.8
Removals for other medical reasons Most usual in postabortal NovaT group (9.2/100)
Removals for hormonal reasons Most usual in menstrual interval Mirena group (2.6 / 100)
Luukkainen et al 1987
Postabortal contraception with the Mirena, Norplant, and traditional methods
Turkey 50 women in each group Pregnancy < 10 weeks Insertion of Mirena or Norplant implants was
done immediately after the evacuation
of the uterus 12 month follow-up
Ortayli et al 2001
Postabortal contraception with the Mirena, Norplant, and traditional methods
Pregnancies Mirena 0, Norplant 0, traditional method rate 8/100
Continuation rates at 12 months 96 % for Norplant and 90% for Mirena
Expulsions 2 in Mirena group
Bleeding and spotting After 5th week no difference between the groups in bleeding
Ortayli et al, 2001
Postabortal contraception with the Mirena,
Norplant, and traditional methods
Satisfaction with the methods Most of the users of hormonal methods were
satisfied with their method Easy to use Safe Effective
The Mirena users appreciated the reduced menstrual bleeding
Ortayli et al 2001
Randomized comparison of LNG and Cu-releasing IUS’s immediately after abortion - a 5-year follow-up
Multicenter study in Denmark, Finland, Hungary, Norway and Sweden
Surgical abortion of pregnancies up to 12 weeks
Randomized for Mirena (305 patients) or Nova-T (133 patients)
IUS inserted immediately after curettage
Pakarinen et al., Contraception 2003; 68: 31-34
LNG vs Cu-IUS’s after abortion
Reasons for discontinuation (/100 women)
1 year 5 years p Cu LNG-IUS Cu LNG-IUS
Pregnancy 2 0 9.5 0.8 <0.0005
Expulsion 8.6 7.1 15.4 10.5 ns
Bleeding 7.7 5.8 22.6 13.7 ns
Amenorrhea 0 1.6 0 2.1 ns
Pain 1 2 10.8 5.5 ns
Hormonal 0 2 3.9 15.9 <0.01
Pakarinen et al., Contraception 2003; 68: 31-34
Reasons for discontinuation
2 pregnancies in Mirena group - (Occurred during the 4th year)
The first pregnancy was terminated by curettage and no IUS was found
The second pregnancy was after an unnoticed expulsion
The incidence of expulsions, bleeding problems, pain and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Not significantly different between the groups but tended to be
lower in the Mirena group
Pakarinen et al., Contraception 2003; 68: 31-34
Reasons for discontinuation
Planning pregnancy 11.5 for NovaT and 17.7 for Mirena High figures show the importance of a reversible method
Amenorrhea Terminations occurred during the use of Mirena
The cumulative gross rate was low, 2.1 at 5 years
Bleeding disorders Tended to be lower in Mirena group
Hormonal reasons higher with the Mirena than NovaT
Pakarinen et al., Contraception 2003; 68: 31-34
Mirena®-IUS following medical abortion at Women’s Hospital, University of Helsinki
417 women chose medical abortion between VIII/2000 and VIII/2001 Duration of pregnancy up to 8 weeks Analysis of efficacy, learning curve and future contraception
29% chose IUS/IUD for future contraception 16% (n=65) Mirena 13% (n=53) Cu-IUD
55% of the IUD’s inserted at the control visit at 3 weeks following mifepristone 25% inserted at later occasion at the clinic Insertions without complications
Suhonen et al., Contraception 2003; 67: 223-7
LNG-IUS after abortion in RC OGP, Moscow
N=37 12 months follow-up Effective (no pregnancies) Safe, no serious adverse effects Most reasons for discontinuation – bleeding,
spotting Continuation rate 82%
V.Prilepskaya, A.Kuzemin, 2004
Mirena-IUS after abortion summary
Mirena-IUS is highly effective for postabortal contraception (Pregnancy rates low, IP=0.1-0.2)
Mirena-IUS can be safely inserted: at the time of 1st trimester surgical abortion or 2-3 weeks after medical abortion
High rate of discontinuation of Mirena due to wish for pregnancy - emphasises the importance of reversibility of contraception
Mirena-IUS after abortion summary
Counselling and insertion technique are important (expulsions increased)
Easy method for women Effective immediately after insertion, long-term 5 yrs No daily remembering Offers added health benefits
Reduction of menstrual bleeding Better iron balance and prevention of anaemia Reduces dysmenorrhea, smaller risk of bleeding due to
adenomyosis and leiomyomas Effective in menorrhagia
Mirena – method of contraception after abortion
Effective
Safe
Reversible
5 years