LAPORAN SKRIPSI

IMPLEMENTASI DAN ANALISIS KINERJA VoIP SERVER BERBASIS

ASTERISK PADA JARINGAN MPLS

(Implementation and Performance Analysis of Asterisk VoIP Server is Based

on MPLS Network)

Disusun Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Teknik

Program Studi Teknik Telekomunikasi

Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Telematika Telkom Purwokerto

Disusun oleh :

Meiva Dikna Adistya

13101059

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK TELEKOMUNIKASI

SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI TELEMATIKA TELKOM

PURWOKERTO

2017

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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan

rahmat serta hidayah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyusun dan menyelesaikan

Laporan Skripsi ini. Penyusunan Skripsi ini merupakan salah satu syarat

kelulusan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Teknik (ST) pada Program Studi S1

Teknik Telekomunikasi Sekolah Tinggi Teknik Telematika Telkom

Purwokerto. Judul Skrispi ini, yaitu ”IMPLEMENTASI DAN ANALISIS

KINERJA VoIP SERVER BERBASIS ASTERISK PADA JARINGAN

MPLS”

Berbagai macam upaya yang telah penulis tempuh sehingga berhasil

melaksanakan serta menyelesaikan Laporan Skripsi ini tidak terlepas dari

dukungan pihak yang telah memberikan bantuan dan dukungan, baik berupa

bantuan moral maupun bantuan material kepada penulis. Untuk itu penulis

ingin mengucapkan terimakasih kepada :

1. Allah SWT yang telah memberikan kesehatan dan keteguhan hati selama

menempuh kehidupan di dunia ini, terutama di lingkungan STT

Telematika Telkom Purwokerto untuk memperoleh ilmu bagi masa depan.

2. Adi Suwito dan Siti Zaenab Setyo Eti terimaksih telah menjadi orang tua

yang luar biasa yang selalu memberikan dorongan semangat baik secara

langsung maupun secara tidak langsung, terimakasih telah menjadi

motivator yang luar biasa, serta atas kasih sayang yang tak tergantikan

dengan apapun dan dukungan moril maupun materil yang telah diberikan

kepada penulis.

3. Bapak Dadiek Pranindito, S.T., M.T selaku dosen pembimbing I dan Ibu

Norma Amalia, S.T., M.Eng selaku dosen pembimbing II yang telah

begitu banyak membantu penulis dengan penuh kesabaran dalam

memberikan ilmu dan bimbingan terbaik kepada penulis.

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... ii

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ........................................................................ iii

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... iv

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN AKADEMIS ...................... vi

ABSTRAKSI .................................................................................................. vii

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR ...................................................................................... x

DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................ xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah .................................................................. 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 2

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 2

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 2

1.5 Batasan Masalah .............................................................................. 3

1.6 Kaitan Judul Dengan Teknik Telekomunikasi ................................ 3

1.7 Metodologi Penelian ........................................................................ 3

1.8 Sistematika Penulisan ...................................................................... 5

BAB II DASAR TEORI ................................................................................. 7

2.1 Konsep Dasar Protokol TCP/IP ....................................................... 7

2.2 TCP dan UDP .................................................................................. 8

2.2.1 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) ............................................ 8

2.2.2 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ..................................................... 8

2.3 Internet Protocol ............................................................................... 9

2.3.1 Kelas IP Address .............................................................................. 9

2.4 OSI Layer ........................................................................................ 10

2.5 Routing Protocol .............................................................................. 12

2.5.1 Tipe Routing Protocol ..................................................................... 13

2.5.2 OSPF Routing Protocol ................................................................... 13

2.6 Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) ............................................... 14

2.6.1 Sejarah VoIP .................................................................................... 14

2.6.2 Prinsip Kerja VoIP ........................................................................... 15

2.6.3 Komponen VoIP .............................................................................. 16

2.6.3.1 Voip Client .................................................................................. 16

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2.6.3.2 Proxy ........................................................................................... 18

2.7 Protokol Penunjang VoIP ................................................................ 20

2.7.1 Protokol SIP ..................................................................................... 20

2.7.2 Penamaan dan Pengalamatan SIP .................................................... 24

2.7.3 Pesan SIP ......................................................................................... 26

2.8 Codec ................................................................................................ 27

2.8.1 Codec G.711 ..................................................................................... 28

2.8.2 Codec G.722 ..................................................................................... 28

2.9 Quality Of Service (Qos) ................................................................. 28

2.9.1 Packet Loss ...................................................................................... 28

2.9.2 Delay................................................................................................ 29

2.9.3 Jitter ................................................................................................. 29

2.9.4 Throughput ...................................................................................... 30

2.10 Server Asterisk ............................................................................... 31

2.10.1 Fitur Penting Pada Asterisk ............................................................ 31

2.10.2 Fungsi Lain Asterisk ...................................................................... 32

2.10.3 Standar Pendukung Asterisk .......................................................... 32

2.11 Software Simulator GNS3 ............................................................. 33

2.12 Definisi Jaringan ............................................................................ 35

2.13 Tipe Jaringan ................................................................................. 35

2.13.1 LAN (Local Area Network) ........................................................... 35

2.13.2 WAN (Wide Area Network) ........................................................... 36

2.13.3 Internet ........................................................................................... 36

2.14 Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) ....................................... 37

2.14.1 Arsitektur MPLS ............................................................................ 37

2.14.2 Struktur Label Pada MPLS ............................................................ 38

2.14.3 Komponen MPLS ......................................................................... 40

2.14.4 Distribusi Label ............................................................................. 41

2.15 Wireshark ....................................................................................... 41

BAB III PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI PENELITIAN ............ 43

3.1 Tempat dan Waktu Pengambilan Data........................................... 43

3.2 Flowchart Pengerjaan .................................................................... 43

3.3 Persiapan Penelitian ....................................................................... 44

3.3.1 Perangkat Keras (Hardware) ......................................................... 44

3.3.2 Perangkat Lunak (Software) .......................................................... 47

3.4 Simulasi Penelitian ........................................................................ 48

3.4.1 Implementasi Jaringan ................................................................... 48

3.4.2 Perancangan Jaringan Backbone .................................................... 51

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3.4.2.1 Flowchart Perancangan Jaringan Backbone .................................. 51

3.4.2.2 Pembuatan Topologi Jaringan................ ....................................... 51

3.4.3 Perancangan VoIP Server Berbasis Asterisk ................................... 55

3.4.4 Registrasi User Client ...................................................................... 59

3.5 Parameter Analisa Data ................................................................. 66

3.5.1 Delay................................................................................................ 67

3.5.2 Packet Loss ...................................................................................... 67

3.5.3 Jitter ................................................................................................. 67

3.5.4 Throughput ...................................................................................... 68

3.6 Pengujian Kinerja Asterisk pada Backbone MPLS ........................ 68

3.6.1 Ping Test Antar Device .................................................................. 69

BAB IV PEMBAHASAN DAN ANALISA HASIL DATA .......................... 71

4.1 Hasil Data Simulasi Jaringan ........................................................ 71

4.2 Komparasi Performa Sistem Berdasarkan Codec ......................... 71

4.2.1 Throughput ...................................................................................... 72

4.2.2 Delay................................................................................................ 75

4.2.3 Jitter ................................................................................................. 79

4.2.4 Packet Loss ...................................................................................... 81

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ......................................................... 85

5.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................... 85

5.2 Saran .............................................................................................. 86

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 87

LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................................

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1.1 Flowchart Penyusunan Skripsi ................................................... 5

Gambar 2.1 Pemodelan Layer TCP/IP............................................................ 7

Gambar 2.2 Header Protokol TCP ................................................................. 8

Gambar 2.3 Header Protokol UDP ................................................................. 9

Gambar 2.4 Alokasi alamat IP dengan skema ................................................ 10

Gambar 2.5 Pembagian Model OSI Layer ...................................................... 11

Gambar 2.6 Cara Kerja VoIP .......................................................................... 15

Gambar 2.7 Prinsip Kerja VoIP ...................................................................... 15

Gambar 2.8 Contoh Metode Kerja VoIP ........................................................ 16

Gambar 2.9 Contoh Softphone Pendukung VoIP............................................ 17

Gambar 2.10 IP Phone Block Diagram .......................................................... 18

Gambar 2.11 Arsitektur Softswitch ................................................................ 19

Gambar 2.12 SIP Trapesium ........................................................................... 21

Gambar 2.13 Komponen SIP .......................................................................... 22

Gambar 2.14 Panggilan SIP menggunakan Proxy Server ............................... 23

Gambar 2.15 Panggilan SIP Menggunakan Redirect Server .......................... 24

Gambar 2.16 Paggilan SIP menggunakan Register Server ............................. 24

Gambar 2.17 Arsitektur Asterisk .................................................................... 33

Gambar 2.18 Tampilan Workspace GNS3 ...................................................... 34

Gambar 2.19 Menu Bar GNS3 ....................................................................... 34

Gambar 2.20 Toolbars GNS3 ......................................................................... 34

Gambar 2.21 Konsep Jaringan WAN ............................................................. 36

Gambar 2.22 Arsitektur Jaringan MPLS ........................................................ 38

Gambar 2.23 Format Pemetaan Header MPLS .............................................. 39

Gambar 2.24 Komponen MPLS ..................................................................... 40

Gambar 2.25 Tampilan Aplikasi Wireshark ................................................... 42

Gambar 3.1 Flowchart pengerjaan Skripsi ..................................................... 43

Gambar 3.2 Spesifikasi PC Server Open Asterisk .......................................... 44

Gambar 3.3 Spesifikasi PC Jaringan Backbone .............................................. 45

Gambar 3.4 Spesifikasi Laptop Client ............................................................ 46

Gambar 3.5 GNS3 1.3.9 ................................................................................. 47

Gambar 3.6 Open Asterisk.............................................................................. 47

Gambar 3.7 X-lite Softphone Client ............................................................... 47

Gambar 3.8 Wireshark 1.12.4 ......................................................................... 48

Gambar 3.9 Implementasi Pengujian .............................................................. 48

Gambar 3.10 Pembagian Blok Implementasi Pengujian Topologi Jaringan ... 49

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Gambar 3.11 Flowchart perancangan jaringan Backbone .............................. 51

Gambar 3.12 Topologi Jaringan Backbone ..................................................... 52

Gambar 3.13 Lingkup area MPLS .................................................................. 54

Gambar 3.14 Flowchart Perancangan Server ................................................. 55

Gambar 3.15 IP DNS Server VoIP ................................................................. 56

Gambar 3.16 Membuat User .......................................................................... 57

Gambar 3.17 Flowchart Perancangan User Client ......................................... 59

Gambar 3.18 Topologi Jaringan ..................................................................... 60

Gambar 3.19 Tampilan Network and Sharing Center ..................................... 61

Gambar 3.20 Pengaturan IP di Ethernet Properties1...................................... 61

Gambar 3.21 Pengaturan IP di Ethernet Properties2...................................... 62

Gambar 3.22 Setting IP Address IPv4 ............................................................ 63

Gambar 3.23 Tampilan Awal aplikasi X-lite .................................................. 63

Gambar 3.24 Login SIP accounts ................................................................... 64

Gambar 3.25 Preferences Layout ................................................................... 65

Gambar 3.26 Audio Codecs ............................................................................ 65

Gambar 3.27 Tampilan Layanan Aplikasi X-lite ............................................ 66

Gambar 3.28 Topologi Jaringan Backbone MPLS ......................................... 67

Gambar 3.29 Ping Test User 1 ........................................................................ 69

Gambar 3.30 Ping Test Client 1 ke Server ..................................................... 70

Gambar 3.31 Ping Test Client 2 ke Server ..................................................... 70

Gambar 4.1 Tampilan Throughput di Wireshark ............................................ 72

Gambar 4.2 Grafik Throughput pada layanan VoIP ....................................... 74

Gambar 4.3 Tampilan packets captured di Wireshark G711 .......................... 75

Gambar 4.4 Tampilan packets captured di Wireshark G722 .......................... 76

Gambar 4.5 Grafik Delay pada layanan VoIP ................................................ 78

Gambar 4.6 Grafik Jitter pada layanan VoIP ................................................. 80

Gambar 4.7 Tampilan Wireshark RTP Stream G711 ..................................... 82

Gambar 4.8 Tampilan Wireshark RTP Stream G722 ..................................... 82

Gambar 4.9 Grafik Packet Loss pada layanan VoIP ....................................... 83

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Kelas IP Address ............................................................................. 10

Tabel 2.2 SIP Methods .................................................................................... 25

Tabel 2.3 List Response Message ................................................................... 26

Tabel 2.4 Klasifikasi Packet Loss ................................................................... 29

Tabel 2.5 Klasifikasi Delay ............................................................................ 29

Tabel 2.6 Klasifikasi Jitter.............................................................................. 30

Tabel 2.7 Target kinerja untuk aplikasi Audio dan Video ............................... 30

Tabel 2.8 Tabel Fungsi Toolbar GNS3 ........................................................... 34

Tabel 3.1 Spesifikasi PC Server Open Asterisk .............................................. 44

Tabel 3.2 Spesifikasi PC Jaringan Backbone .................................................. 45

Tabel 3.3 Spesifikasi Laptop Client ................................................................ 46

Tabel 3.4 Konfigurasi dasar tiap Device ......................................................... 50

Tabel 3.5 Skenario pengujian ......................................................................... 53

Tabel 3.6 Interface dengan konfigurasi MPLS ............................................... 55

Tabel 3.7 Standar Delay voip & Video call ITU-T G.1010 ............................ 67

Tabel 3.8 Standar Packet Loss voip & Video call ITU-T G.1010 ................... 67

Tabel 3.9 Klasifikasi Jitter.............................................................................. 68

Tabel 4.1 Perbandingan Codecs G 711 dan G 722 ......................................... 72

Tabel 4.2. Hasil rata – rata Throughput pada layanan VoIP setiap User ....... 73

Tabel 4.3 Klassifikasi Delay berdasarkan ETSI dan ITU-T G 1010 .............. 76

Tabel 4.4 Hasil rata-rata Delay layanan VoIP setiap Codec ........................... 77

Tabel 4.5 Klasifikasi Jitter berdasarkan ETSI dan ITU-T G.1010 ................. 79

Tabel 4.6 Hasil rata – rata jiter pada layanan VoIP setiap User ..................... 79

Tabel 4.7 Klasifikasi Pcket loss berdasarkan ETSI dan ITU-T G. 1010......... 82

Tabel 4.8 Hasil rata – rata Packet Loss pada layanan VoIP setiap User ......... 82

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DAFTAR SINGKATAN

ADC : Analog Digital Convergen

ADPCM : Adaptive Differential PCM

ADSL : Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

AGI : Asterisk Gateway Interface

AMI : Asterisk Management Interface

ARPANET : Advanced Research Project Agency Network

AS : Application Server

ATA : Analog Telephone Adapter

DAC : Digital to Analog Converter

DARPA : Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency

DSP : Digital Signaling Processsing

ELSR : Edge Label Switching Routes

EN : Enterprise Network

ETSI : Europe Telecomunication Standart Institute

GPL : Generic Public Licence

HDLC : High Level Data Link Control Open System Interconnection

OSI : Open Systems Interconnection reference model

IETF : Internet Engineering Taks Force

IP PBX : Internet Protocol Protocol Private Branch Exchange

IP : Internet Procotol

ISC : Softswitch Concortion

LAN : Local Area Network

LDP : Label Distribution Protocol

LSA : Link State, Advertisement

LSR : Label Switching Router

MAN : Metropolitan Area Network

MCU : Multipoint Control Unit

MG : Media Gateway

MGC : Media Gateway Controller

MGCP : Media Gateway Control Protocol

MMUSIC : Multiparty Multimedia Session Control

NGN : Next Generation Network

NMS : Network Management System

OSPF : Open Shortest Path First

OSS : Operating Support System

PC : Personal Computer

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PLR : Packet Loss Ratio

PSTN : Public Switched Telephone Network

QoS : Quality of Service

RFC : Request For Command

RTCP : Real-time Control Protocol

RTP : Real Time Protocol

SG : Signaling Gateway

SIP : Session Initiation Protocol

SPF : Shortest Path First

TCP : Transmission Control Protocol

TTL : Time to Live

UAC : User Agent Client

UDP : User Datagram Protocol

VoIP : Voice over Internet Protocol

VPN : Virtual private Network

WAN : Wide Area Network