PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXXV Periode Genap, Tahun Akademik 2018/2019

LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM

REDESAIN TAMAN BUDAYA SULAWESI TENGGARA

SEBAGAI PUSAT SENI DAN KEBUDAYAAN DI KOTA KENDARI

Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur

Disusun oleh :

Ricky Sitorus 14.A1.0144

Dosen Pembimbing :

Dr. Ir. Rudyanto Soesilo MSA

NIDN : 0020065402

PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN

UNIVERSITAS KATHOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA SEMARANG Maret 2019

ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

iii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

iv

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN

v

PRAKATA

vi

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ......................................................................................... ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN .........................................................................................iii

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ......................................................................iv

PRAKATA ................................................................................................................... v

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR .....................................................................................................ix

DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR BAGAN .......................................................................................................xv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................... 1

A. Latar belakang .................................................................................................. 1

B. Masalah Desain ................................................................................................ 2

C. Tujuan ............................................................................................................... 2

D. Manfaat ............................................................................................................. 2

E. Sistematika Penulisan ....................................................................................... 3

BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM ........................................................................................ 5

A. Gambaran Umum Fungsi Bangunan ................................................................. 5

1. Definisi Terkait Fungsi Bangunan ................................................................... 5

2. Karakteristik Fungsi Bangunan ....................................................................... 5

3. Jenis Ruang ................................................................................................... 6

4. Persyaratan Persyaratan yang Berlaku Terhadap Ruang ..... Error! Bookmark

not defined.

B. Gambaran Umum Lokasi di luar Tapak ............................................................. 9

1. Karakteristik Bangunan .................................................................................. 9

2. Karakteristik Jalan dan Transportasi .............................................................11

3. Karakteristik Iklim ..........................................................................................12

4. Karakteristik Lansekap ..................................................................................12

5. Peraturan yang Berlaku .................................................................................13

C. Gambaran Umum Tapak ..................................................................................14

1. Eksisting Bangunan yang akan di Redesain ..................................................20

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2. Analisis Fisik, Fungsi, dan Karakter Budaya terhadap Penerapan Redesain

Bangunan yang Eksisting Taman Budaya Sultra ..................................................31

3. Data Eksisting Lingkungan Tapak .................................................................33

BAB III PEMOGRAMAN ARSITEKTUR .....................................................................37

A. Analisa Fungsi Bangunan ................................................................................37

1. Kapasitas dan Karakteristik Pengguna ..........................................................37

2. Kegiatan yang terjadi ....................................................................................50

3. Ruang Dalam ................................................................................................64

4. Struktur Ruang ............................................................................................ 105

B. Analisa Tapak ................................................................................................ 112

1. Jenis Ruang Luar ........................................................................................ 112

2. Zonasi Ruang Luar ...................................................................................... 116

3. Luas Lahan Efektif ...................................................................................... 117

C. Analisa Lingkungan Buatan ........................................................................... 118

1. Analisa Bangunan Sekitarnya ..................................................................... 118

2. Analisa Transportasi ................................................................................... 118

3. Analisa Vegetasi (perkotaan) ...................................................................... 119

D. Analisa Lingkungan Alami .............................................................................. 120

1. Analisa Klimatik ........................................................................................... 120

2. Analisa Lansekap ........................................................................................ 120

BAB IV ANALISA MASALAH .................................................................................. 122

A. Analisa Masalah ............................................................................................ 122

1. Masalah fungsi bangunan dengan aspek pengguna ................................... 122

2. Masalah fungsi bangunan dengan tapak ..................................................... 122

3. Masalah fungsi bangunan dengan lingkungan di luar tapak ........................ 123

B. Masalah-masalah yang muncul ...................................................................... 124

C. Pernyataan Masalah ...................................................................................... 124

BAB V LANDASAN TEORI ...................................................................................... 125

A. Landasan Teori pertanyaan masalah 1 .......................................................... 125

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1. Transformasi dalam Perancangan Arsitektur ............................................... 125

2. Semiotika sebagai Metode Transformasi dalam Perancangan Arsitektur .... 126

3. Tinjauan Arsitektur Tradisional Tolaki Sulawesi Tenggara .......................... 128

4. Unsur Arsitektur Kontemporer ..................................................................... 131

B. Landasan Teori pertanyaan masalah 2 .......................................................... 132

1. Pola Tatanan Ruang ................................................................................... 132

C. Landasan Teori pertanyaan masalah 3 .......................................................... 135

1. Tinjauan Ikonis Dalam Arsitektur ................................................................. 135

BAB VI PENDEKATAN PERANCANGAN................................................................ 138

A. Pendekatan Konsep Masing Masing Pernyataan Masalah ............................. 138

B. Penerapan Semiotika Arsitektur pada Perancangan Redesain Taman Budaya

Sulawesi Tenggara sebagi Tema Desain ............................................................... 139

BAB VII LANDASAN PERANCANGAN ................................................................... 143

A. Landasan Perancangan Tata Ruang Bangunan ............................................ 143

B. Landasan Perancangan Bentuk Bangunan .................................................... 145

C. Landasan Perancangan Struktur Bangunan ................................................... 147

D. Landasan Perancangan Bahan Bangunan ..................................................... 149

E. Landasan Perancangan Wajah Bangunan ..................................................... 151

F. Landasan Perancangan Tata Ruang Tapak ................................................... 151

G. Landasan Perancangan Utilitas Bangunan .................................................... 153

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................. 156

Lampiran .................................................................................................................. 158

Studi Preseden ........................................................................................................ 164

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2 1 Street Teater Taman GWK Bali ................................................................ 6

Gambar 2 2 Ruang Pertunjukan Teater kecil Jakarta (Taman Ismail Marzuki) ............. 6

Gambar 2 3 Ruang Display Galeri Nasional Indonesia ................................................. 7

Gambar 2 4 Dressing room / ruang ganti gedung Teater Jakarta (Taman Ismail

Marzuki) ....................................................................................................................... 7

Gambar 2 5 Blackbird Studio A .................................................................................... 8

Gambar 2 6 Ruang Latihan Bagi Sanggar Komunitas Seni .......................................... 8

Gambar 2 7 Kegiatan Workshop di area terbuka taman budaya sultra ......................... 8

Gambar 2 8 Ruang Workshop indoor ........................................................................... 8

Gambar 2 9 bangunan Fungsi Kebudayaan UPTD Museum Sulawesi Tenggara &

Pusat Kerajinan Tenun ................................................................................................. 9

Gambar 2 10 Fungsi pendidikan meliputi Gedung Man 1 Kendari, SMPN 9 kendari,

SMAN 4 Kendari, Yayasan Global Islamic School .......................................................10

Gambar 2 11 Fungsi Pelayanan Umum Gedung Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan ...........10

Gambar 2 12 Fasilitas Umum Gelangang Olah raga pemuda (GOR) Bahteramas ......10

Gambar 2 13 Peta Perumahan & Permukiman Kecamatan Kadia ...............................10

Gambar 2 14 Foto Satelit Akses Menuju Lokasi Taman Budaya .................................12

Gambar 2 15 View terhadap taman kota kendari, Tugu MTQ, dan Teluk Kendari .......13

Gambar 2 16 Topografi Kawasan lingkungan Taman Budaya Sulawesi Tenggara ......13

Gambar 2 17 Peta BWK Kota Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara .........................................13

Gambar 2 18 Peta Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kota Kendari 2010 – 2030 .............14

Gambar 2 19 Peta Pembagian Wilayah Kota dan Kabupaten Provinsi Sulawesi

Tenggara .....................................................................................................................15

Gambar 2 20 Kondisi Eksisting Gedung Taman Budaya .............................................18

Gambar 2 21 Foto Satelit Eksistng Tapak Taman Budaya ..........................................18

Gambar 2 22 Masterplan Taman Budaya Sulawesi Tenggara .....................................19

Gambar 2 23 Kondisi Eksisting interior Gedung dan eksisting Taman Budaya ............20

Gambar 2 24 Denah eksisting Kantor Adminitrasi Taman Budaya Sultra ....................21

Gambar 2 25 Denah Pendopo Taman Budaya Sultra ..................................................22

Gambar 2 26 Denah Gedung Seni Tari Taman Budaya Sultra ....................................23

Gambar 2 27 Denah Aula Pertunjukan Taman Budaya ...............................................24

Gambar 2 28 Denah Rumah Jabatan Kepala Taman Budaya Sultra ...........................25

Gambar 2 29 Sesudah di renovasi ..............................................................................26

Gambar 2 30 Sebelum direnovasi Masih gedung Seni teater ......................................26

Gambar 2 31 Denah Galeri Seni Rupa Taman Budaya ...............................................26

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Gambar 2 32 Denah Exgedung music / gedung galeri ................................................28

Gambar 2 33 Denah gedung koperasi Taman Budaya Sultra ......................................29

Gambar 2 34 Denah Wisma ! ......................................................................................30

Gambar 2 35 Denah Wisma 2 .....................................................................................31

Gambar 2 36 Rencana Redesain Pada Komplek Taman Budaya Sulawesi Tenggara 32

Gambar 2 37 Potongan kontur A-A Tapak ...................................................................33

Gambar 2 38 Potongan kontur B-B Tapak ...................................................................33

Gambar 2 39 Eksisting Vegetasi Taman Budaya Sultra Pohon ...................................34

Gambar 2 40 GOR Bahteramas ..................................................................................35

Gambar 2 41 Museum UPTD Sultra ............................................................................35

Gambar 3 1 corak wara kuning-kunungan emas dengan tema "kemilau air terjun

Moramo .......................................................................................................................39

Gambar 3 2 Tenun Buton ............................................................................................40

Gambar 3 3 Wisata Istana Malige ...............................................................................40

Gambar 3 4 Benteng Istana Buton ..............................................................................40

Gambar 3 5 Tenun Buton ............................................................................................40

Gambar 3 6 Upacara Adat karia ..................................................................................40

Gambar 3 7 Upacara adat Pasuo ................................................................................41

Gambar 3 8 Adat Kabuenga ........................................................................................41

Gambar 3 9 Eksistensi masyarakat terhadap kepedulian mengangkat budaya Tolaki .49

Gambar 3 10 Para siswa dari beberapa sekolah Sultra menampilkan seni dan budaya

di Taman Budaya Sultra ..............................................................................................49

Gambar 3 11 Kenyamanan Visual pada ruang pertunukan / teater .............................66

Gambar 3 12 Pola bentuk ruang auditorium ................................................................67

Gambar 3 13 Layout panggung : Proscenium stage with flytower ...............................67

Gambar 3 14 Format proscenium pada bentuk layout auditorium gerdung Pertunjukan

Taman Budaya Sultra ..................................................................................................68

Gambar 3 15 Batas Aural dan Visual ..........................................................................68

Gambar 3 16 Tari Lumense .........................................................................................69

Gambar 3 17 Tari Molulo .............................................................................................69

Gambar 3 18 Studi Layout Stage Pentas Tari .............................................................69

Gambar 3 19 Studi Pergerakan Seni Tari dalam panggung .........................................70

Gambar 3 20 kursi depan dan belakang. Dimensi sebenarnya tergantung pada desain

setiap kursi dan bervariasi sesui ketebalan kursi dan kecenderungan kursi dari

belakang. (b) grafis representasi garis pandang vertikal ..............................................70

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Gambar 3 21 Studi Section Ilustrasi Ruang Pertunjukan .............................................70

Gambar 3 22 Auditorium seating .................................................................................71

Gambar 3 23 Besaran seating dan dimensi jarak antar baris yang di rencanakan

berdasarkan standar ...................................................................................................72

Gambar 3 24 Pemantulan Bunyi (1) Pemantulan merata (2) penyebaran bunyi (3)

Pemusatan Bunyi ........................................................................................................72

Gambar 3 25 Dimensi Kenyamanan Visual .................................................................73

Gambar 3 26 Jarak Pandang Vertikal pada ruang display objek lukisan Seni Rupa ....73

Gambar 3 27 Jarak Pandang Horizontal pada ruang display objek lukisan Seni Rupa 74

Gambar 3 28 Studi Section Ilustrasi Display miniature 3D ...........................................74

Gambar 3 29 Studi Layout Ilustrasi Sirkulasi dan Kegiatan .........................................74

Gambar 3 30 Perabot Base Sedang ............................................................................75

Gambar 3 31 Perabot Base Kecil ................................................................................75

Gambar 3 32 Perabot Base Kecil ................................................................................75

Gambar 3 33 Perabot Base Panjang ...........................................................................75

Gambar 3 34 Patung ...................................................................................................75

Gambar 3 35 Kerajinan Perak .....................................................................................76

Gambar 3 36 Kerajinan Gembol ..................................................................................76

Gambar 3 37 Miniatur 3d .............................................................................................76

Gambar 3 38 lukisan Seni Rupa ..................................................................................76

Gambar 3 39 Lukisan Seni Rupa .................................................................................76

Gambar 3 40 Standart Perbandingan Kebutuhan Parkir pada Luas Area Total ......... 112

Gambar 3 41 Penentuan Satuan Ruang Parkir ......................................................... 112

Gambar 3 42 Satuan ruang parkir ............................................................................. 112

Gambar 3 43 Standart Ruang Parkir Bus .................................................................. 113

Gambar 3 44 Analisa Bangunan Sekitar .................................................................... 118

Gambar 3 45 Analisa Transportasi ............................................................................ 118

Gambar 3 46 Analisa Vegetasi .................................................................................. 119

Gambar 3 47 Analisa Klimattologi ............................................................................. 120

Gambar 3 48 Kondisi kemiringan Topografi di kawasan Taman budaya ................... 121

Gambar 5 1 Fasad dan Layout denah Raha Bokeo , Raja Bokeo, kerajaan Mekongga

di Kolaka suku Tolaki. ............................................................................................... 128

Gambar 5 2 Fasad dan Layout Rumah adat suku Tolaki. .......................................... 130

Gambar 5 3 Kontemporer Lokal ................................................................................ 132

Gambar 5 4 Kontemporer House Sumber: www.arsitektur.me, 2019 ........................ 132

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Gambar 5 5 Pola Organisasi Cluster ......................................................................... 133

Gambar 7 1 Organisasi Ruang Cluster ...................................................................... 143

Gambar 7 2 Sistem Organisasi Ruang Cluster .......................................................... 143

Gambar 7 3 Sirkulasi Menembus Ruang ................................................................... 151

Gambar 7 4 Sirkulasi Menembus Ruang ................................................................... 152

Gambar 7 5 Zonasi Ruang Luar ................................................................................ 152

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2 2 Kegiatan Redesain Pada bangunan Eksisting Taman Budaya Sultra ..........31

Tabel 2 3 Kondisi Lingkungan Tapak ..........................................................................34

Tabel 3 1 Data Wisatawan Nusantara dan Mancanegara ............................................37

Tabel 3 2 Objek Wisata Budaya ..................................................................................39

Tabel 3 3 Analisa jumlah pengelola .............................................................................43

Tabel 3 4 Pelaku Seni Tari ..........................................................................................45

Tabel 3 5 Pelaku Seni Musik .......................................................................................46

Tabel 3 6 Pelaku Seni Tradisi / Ekspresi Lisan ............................................................47

Tabel 3 7 Sanggar Seni ...............................................................................................47

Tabel 3 8 Analisa Jumlah Pelaku Seni ........................................................................49

Tabel 3 9 Analisa Kegiatan dan ...................................................................................51

Tabel 3 10 Persyaratan dan Standar Ruang Ruang di Taman Budaya Sultra .............59

Tabel 3 11 Kebutuhan Ruang ......................................................................................64

Tabel 3 12 Perabot Ruang Display Galeri Edukasi Budaya .........................................75

Tabel 3 13 Besaran Ruang Gedung Pertunjukan ........................................................82

Tabel 3 14 Besaran Galeri Edukasi Budaya ................................................................84

Tabel 3 15 Besaran Ruang Gedung Pelatihan Seni Tari / Teater / Drama ...................86

Tabel 3 16 Besaran Ruang Ampitheater ......................................................................88

Tabel 3 17 Besaran Ruang Rehearsal Studio..............................................................89

Tabel 3 18 Besaran Ruang Faslitas Penunjang ...........................................................91

Tabel 3 19 Besaran Ruang Kantor Pengelola..............................................................97

Tabel 3 20 Besaran Ruang Servis ............................................................................. 102

Tabel 3 21 Rekapitulasi Kebutuhan Luas Total Program Ruang Dalam .................... 103

Tabel 3 22 Studi Kebutuhan Luas Parkir ................................................................... 113

Tabel 3 23 Studi Kebutuhan Luas Parkir ................................................................... 114

Tabel 3 24 Studi Kebutuhan Luas Parkir ................................................................... 115

Tabel 3 25 Rekapitulasi Kebutuhan ........................................................................... 115

Tabel 3 26 Kebutuhan Ruang luar Taman Aktiv ........................................................ 116

Tabel 5 1 Jenis Kode beserta ekspresi yang dihasilkan ............................................ 127

Tabel 6 1 Pendekatan Pemecahan masalah ............................................................. 138

Tabel 6 2 Kemungkinan Penerapan Tema Semiotika Arsitektur pada Perancangan . 140

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Tabel 7 1 Konsep Struktur Bangunan ........................................................................ 147

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DAFTAR BAGAN

Bagan 3 1 Struktur organisasi pengelola Taman Budaya ............................................42

Bagan 3 2 Pola Kepengurusan Pengelola Taman Budaya Sultra (Pengembangan) ....44

Bagan 3 3 Pola kegiatan Masyarakat Umum ...............................................................57

Bagan 3 4 Pola kegiatan Masyarakat Umum ...............................................................57

Bagan 3 5 Kedatangan Pengunjung Secara Umum ....................................................57

Bagan 3 6 Kepergian Pengunjung Secara Umum .......................................................58

Bagan 3 7 Kedatangan Pelaku Seni ............................................................................58

Bagan 3 8 Kedatangan Pelaku Seni ............................................................................58

Bagan 3 9 Kedatangan Pengelola ...............................................................................58

Bagan 3 10 Kedatangan Pengelola .............................................................................59

Bagan 3 11 Kedatangan Service .................................................................................59

Bagan 3 12 Matriks hubungan Ruang Berdasarkan Zona Kegiatan Penerimaan ...... 105

Bagan 3 13 Matriks hubungan Ruang Berdasarkan Zona Kegiatan Wisata Budaya .. 105

Bagan 3 14 Matriks hubungan Ruang Berdasarkan Zona Kegiatan Edukasi Budaya 105

Bagan 3 15 Matriks hubungan Ruang Berdasarkan Zona Kegiatan Aktivitas Penunjang

.................................................................................................................................. 106

Bagan 3 16 Matriks hubungan Ruang Berdasarkan Zona Kegiatan Administrasi ...... 106

Bagan 3 17 Matriks hubungan Ruang Berdasarkan Zona Kegiatan Administrasi ...... 106

Bagan 3 18 Pola Hubungan Ruang Makro Taman Budaya Sultra ............................. 107

Bagan 3 19 Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Fasilitas Utama ........................................ 108

Bagan 3 20 Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Fasilitas Penunjang .................................. 109

Bagan 3 21 Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Fasilitas Pengelola ................................... 110

Bagan 3 22 Pola Hubungan Ruang Mikro Fasilitas Pengelola ................................... 111

Bagan 3 23 Zonasi Ruang Luar ................................................................................. 116

Bagan 5 1 Bagan Proses Transformasi Arsitektur ..................................................... 126

Bagan 5 2 Unsur pembentuk tanda menurut pandangan Saussure ........................... 127

Bagan 6 1 Pendekatan Pemecahan masalah ............................................................ 139

Bagan 6 2 Relasi ....................................................................................................... 139

Bagan 7 1 Jaringan Air Kotor .................................................................................... 154

Bagan 7 2 Jaringan Air Kotor .................................................................................... 154