Land Use

Transportation and

Health

Adult obesity: 1989Adult obesity: 1989

No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20%

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20%

Adult obesity: 1991Adult obesity: 1991

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20%

Adult obesity: 1992Adult obesity: 1992

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20%

Adult obesity: 1993Adult obesity: 1993

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20%

Adult obesity: 1994Adult obesity: 1994

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20%

Adult obesity: 1995Adult obesity: 1995

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20%

Adult obesity: 1996Adult obesity: 1996

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20%

Adult obesity: 1997Adult obesity: 1997

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20%

Adult obesity: 1998Adult obesity: 1998

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20%

Adult obesity: 1999Adult obesity: 1999

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

No Data < 10% 10% - 14% 15% - 19% 20%

Adult obesity: 2000Adult obesity: 2000

(*BMI 30, or ~ 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” woman)

Obesity = Diabetes High Blood

Pressure Heart Disease Stroke Arthritis Asthma Some cancers

Why does obesity matter?

Obesity and Disease Risk:

Modifiable Behaviors Associated with Deaths, US,

1990

0 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000

Illicit Drugs

Motor Vehicles

Sexual Behavior

Firearms

Toxic Agents

Infections

Alcohol

Inactivity & Diet

Tobacco

Three hundred thousand!

How much physical activity do we need each day to stay

healthy? 30 minutes physical activity 30 minutes physical activity (cumulative)(cumulative)

moderate level/most daysmoderate level/most days

Result: significant health benefitsResult: significant health benefitsSurgeon General’s Recommendation

Who says community design matters?

The Centers for Disease Control“Changes in the community

environment to promote physical activity may offer the most practical approach to prevent obesity or reduce its co-morbidities. Restoration of physical activity as part of the daily routine represents a critical goal.”

Dr. Jeffrey Koplan, Dr. William Dietz, CDC

“Automobile trips that can be safely replaced by walking or bicycling offer the first target for increased physical activity in communities.”

Dr. Jeffrey Koplan, Dr. William Dietz, CDC

Why Walking and Bicycling?

What about children going to school?

• Only 31% of trips under 1 mile are by walking

• Only 2% of trips under 2 miles are by bicycling

What is needed for healthy change?

Proactive Proactive encouragemencouragem

ent by ent by health care health care providersproviders

Proactive Proactive encouragemencouragem

ent by ent by health care health care providersproviders

Changes Changes in in

individual individual behaviorbehavior

Changes Changes in in

individual individual behaviorbehavior

Community Community designs that designs that

make walking & make walking & biking safe, easy biking safe, easy

& enjoyable!& enjoyable!

How do we create Active Community Environments?

Development patterns that improve the walking & biking environment

Street designs that improve pedestrian & bicycle convenience, comfort & safety

Which design encourages more activity?

Community design patterns matter

Or?

Land Use

and

Transportation Choices

Mode Split Comparison:Europe and North America

data 1990or later

NetherlandsDenmark

Germany (western)Switzerland

SwedenAustria

Germany (eastern)England & Wales

FranceItaly

CanadaU.S.A.

0

20

40

60

80

100 BicycleWalkTransitAuto

Mode Split in Selected German Cities

compared to Portland by Population

MunichCologne

EssenStuttgart

DusseldorfBremen

HannoverPORTLAND

NurembergMeunster

KasselFreiberg

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%BicycleTransitWalkAuto

Larger population than PortlandSmaller population

than Portland

Mode Split in the Netherlandsby Trip Distance

BicycleTransit Walk Auto

Source: Statistics Netherlands, National Travel Survey, 1996

40%

26%

7%

40%

0-1.5 1.5-3 3-4.5 >4.5 All Trips

Distance (miles)

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Percentage

29%

Travel Choices by Adults:Netherlands, Germany, USA

18-24 25-39 40-64 65-74 75+ 18-44 45-64 65-74 75+ 16-24 25-39 40-64 65+0%

20%

60%

80%

100%

Private Car

Public TransportBicycleWalk

The Netherlands Germany USA

40%

50% of people over 75 walk or bike

Developing the Bikeway Network

1973

1983

Developing the Bikeway Network

1993

Developing the Bikeway Network

1998

Developing the Bikeway Network

2003

Developing the Bikeway Network

Increasing Bicycle Use in Portland

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Year

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

Cyclists Per Day

0

50

100

150

200

250

Bikeway Miles

Miles of Bikeways

Bridge Bicycle Traffic

1992:

83 miles of bikeways

2,850 daily trips

2002:

238 miles of bikeways

8,250 daily trips

Mix of land usesSite designInterconnected

streetsHuman-scale design

Development patterns can improve the walking & bicycling environment

Mixed land use: schools, shops, parks close by To which store are To which store are

you more likely to you more likely to walk?walk?

Site design: getting to buildings on foot or by bike

How do you get there How do you get there from here?from here?

Site design: getting to buildings or parking a bike

Human-scale design: create inviting & memorable places

Human-scale design: create inviting & memorable places