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LEADERSHIPandTEAMWORKRahmatina B. HermanFakultas Kedokteran Universitas AndalasReferencesNorthouse, PG. Leadership Theory and Practice, Response BooksDaft, RL. Leadership Experience, McGraw Hills

Definition of LeadershipMany different definitionsCan have different meanings for different peopleIn the past 50 years, 65 different classification systems developed to define the dimensions of leadershipDefinition of LeadershipMany definitions of leadership based on many views / perspectives:

As the focus of group processes (Bass -1990):The leader is at the center of group change and activity and embodies the will of groupConceptualizes from a personally perspective:The leadership is a combination of special traits or characteristics that individuals possess and that enable them to induce others to accomplish tasksDefinition of LeadershipMany definitions of leadership based on many views / perspectives: As an act or behavior: The things leaders to do bring about change in groupIn terms of the power relationship that exists between leaders and followers: Leaders have power and wield it to effect change in othersDefinition of LeadershipMany definitions of leadership based on many views / perspectives:

As an instrument of goal achievement and meet their needs:Leadership that transforms followers through vision setting, role modeling, and individualized attentionLeadership from a skills perspective: This viewpoint stresses the capabilities (knowledge and skills) that make effective leadership possibleComponents As Central To The Phenomenon Of LeadershipLeadership is a processLeadership involves influenceLeadership occurs within a group contextLeadership involves goal attainmentDefinitionLeadership is a process whereby an individual influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal7Components As Central To .The Phenomenon Of LeadershipDefining leadership is a process means:- It is not a trait or characteristic that resides in leader, but it is a transactional event that occurs between the leader and followers-Process implies that a leader affects and is affected by followers-The leadership is not a linear, one way event, but rather an interactive event-Leadership becomes available to everyone8Components As Central To .The Phenomenon Of LeadershipLeadership involves influence:-It is concerned with how the leader affects followers-Influence is the sine qua non of leadership-Without influence, leadership does not exist9Components As Central To .The Phenomenon Of LeadershipLeadership occurs in groups:-Leadership involves influencing a group of individuals who have a common purpose-It can be small task group, community group, or large group encompassing an entire organization-Leadership training programs that teach people to lead themselves are not considered is a part of leadership within the definition10Components As Central To .The Phenomenon Of LeadershipLeadership includes attention to goals:-The leadership has to do with directing a group of individuals toward accomplishing some task or end-Leaders direct their energies toward individuals who are trying to achieve something together-Leadership occurs and has its effects in contexts where individuals are moving toward a goal11ConclusionBoth leaders and followers are involved together in the leadership processLeaders need followers and followers need leadersAlthough leaders and followers are closely linked , it is the leader who often initiates the relationship, creates the communication linkages, and carries the burden for maintaining the relationship12Even leadership are sometimes viewed as elitist because of the implied power and importance frequently ascribed to leaders-followers relationship:- Leaders are not above followers or better than followers-Leaders and followers need to be understood in relation to each other- They are in the leadership relationship together two sides of the same coin TeamworkAttention13TeamworkTeamwork is one of the most essential qualities for the success of any organizationIn the absence of teamwork, teams fail to perform to the best of their abilitiesEach individual is assigned a particular task which collectively helps an organization to achieve its objectiveTeam members are responsible for ensuring that they are performing as per the expectations of the company and are delivering on the important parametersEffective TeamworkEffective Teamwork is about Good Leadership A good team leader should:have the skills to create and maintain a working culture that is positive to motivate and inspire the team members to get involved in creating an environment where there is a positive approach to work, along with high levels of commitment not only focuses himself/herself on the purpose and direction of the team, but also makes sure that the other members of the team share this focus have to be able to promote a high level of morale amongst the team members so that they feel supported and valued particularly useful for preventing the bane of most office cultures that of backbiting, rumor mongering, gossip mongering, and cronyism which can derail the efforts of any teamwork...Effective TeamworkEffective Teamwork is about:Effective CommunicationDefining Clear-cut RolesCreating Procedures for Conflict ResolutionSetting a Good ExamplePrinciple of Effective TeamworkWhile a team is formed, there should be a clarity as to what the team wants to achieve (objectives)-The team as an entity should have clearly articulated goals -In the absence of an objective, the team members may not be able to understand their responsibilities, which can cause ambiguity.

.Principle of Effective TeamworkThe team members should be willing to learn from each other -May be some members who may be excellent with the process, while some may require some time and guidance, so it is essential that there is a willingness to teach and learn new ideas. -Team members should not be hesitant in seeking help from the senior members and the senior members should in turn step forward to help the new members.

..........Principle of Effective TeamworkTwo-way communication among team members about the roles that they are assigned understanding and appreciation of the effort-This is very essential as it has seen that a lot of times when things do not work as planned, members engage in a blame game -If members are aware about the challenges involved in carrying out a task, they are more likely to appreciate each other for their efforts..........Principle of Effective TeamworkWhile some control over a team is necessary, it is important that the team is given a certain amount of flexibility in carrying out their tasks-Too much of interference can affect the efficiency of a team and dampen the morale of the members...........Principle of Effective TeamworkEffective communication-Means that information is shared among all the members of the team so that rumor-mongers are kept at bay -Effective communication helps in making the team members feel a valuable part of the organization -Effective communication also calls for discussing matters of importance openly so that everybody is on the same page..........Principle of Effective TeamworkThere should be an initiative to reward and recognize team and team members who have shown exemplary behavior and helped others in times of need -This will encourage others to follow suit and act as a boost to people who genuinely believe in the values of teamwork and team-spirit..........Principle of Effective TeamworkHealthy competition among team members to outperform each other -In the absence of a competition, the job may cease to become interesting and monotony can creep in, which again can be detrimental to a team, so it is important that the team members are provided with enough opportunities to grow in their professional lives..........Principle of Effective TeamworkOne thing that one should remember is:there are no hard and fast rules about qualifies and principles of a successful teamwork, but there is a general consensus among researchers that there are certain attributes which are present in most successful teams in organizationsLeadership and ManagementSimilarities between leadership & management:Leadership involves influence as those managementLeadership working with people, which management requires as wellLeadership is concerned with effective goal accomplishment and so is management25Differences: management versus leadership:Leadership produces change and movement-Directing: - create a vision- clarify big picture- set strategies-Aligning People: - communicate goals- seek commitment- build teams & coalitions-Motivating and Inspiring:- inspire and energize- empower subordinates- satisfy unmet needs.Leadership and Management26Differences: management versus leadership:Management produces order and consistency-Planning / Budgeting: - establish agendas- set time tables- allocate resources-Organizing / Staffing:- provide structure- make job placements- rules & procedures - Controlling / Problem Solving: - develop incentives- generate creative solutions- take corrective action.Leadership and Management27Overlapping leadership & management- When managers are involved in influencing a group to meet its goals, they are involved in leadership-When leaders are involved in planning, organizing, staffing, and controlling, they are involved in managements-Both processes involve influencing a group of individuals toward goal attainment.Leadership and Management28Thank You