DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE AND EFFECTIVE NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PACKAGES FOR COCOA PRODUCTION

Soetanto Abdoellah

INDONESIAN COFFEE AND COCOA RESEARCH INSTITUTE

CACAO INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION OF MINDANAO, INC. (CIDAMI)

AND ACDI/VOCA Apo View Hotel, Davao City, November 21 – 23, 2012

GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES (GAP)

GOOD HANDLING PRACTICES (GHP)

Land suitability evaluation

Land preparation

Nursery

Shade

Planting

Pruning

Fertilization, soil-water conservation

Pest-disease-weed control

Harvesting, processing, storage

LAND

• Climate

– Dry month max 5/yr

• Soil

– Effective depth > 60 cm

– pH 4,0-8,0

– Loamy texture

Leguminous crops for shade

SHADE & PRUNING

• Optimum shade

– Leguminous crops

– Productive crops

Optimum pruning • Time

• Frequency

COCOA - AGROFORESTRY

Fertilization

1000 kg cocoa dry beans contain :

•N : 68,4 kg, equiv. 258 kg Urea

•P : 12,6 kg, equiv. 60 kg SP36

•K : 145,2 kg, equiv. 290 kg KCl

•Mg : 13,6 kg, equiv. 62 kg Kieserit

•Ca : 16,4 kg, equiv. 39 kg Dolomite

OPTIMUM FERTILIZATION

• Organic

– C/N

– Dose

• Inorganic

– Kind

– Dose

• Based on soil/leaf analysis

Tentative fertilizers for cocoa (When there is no soil analysis results)

Age/Stadium Unit

Nursery g/seedling

yr

yr

yr

yr

yr

g/tree/yr

g/tree/yr

g/tree/yr

g/tree/yr

g/tree/yr

Kieserite

Organic manure 5-20 kg/tree/yr

(NPK) 15-10-20

(15)

(75)

(135)

(270)

(540)

(660)

Soil & Water Conservation

• Terrace (for > 15% slope)

• Mulching

• Pit

Soil & Water Conservation

• Water

conservation

– Biopore

– Organic matter

– Soil microbes

Pod husk for organic matter source

• Healthy pod