DEVELOPING SUSTAINABLE AND EFFECTIVE NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PACKAGES FOR COCOA PRODUCTION
Soetanto Abdoellah
INDONESIAN COFFEE AND COCOA RESEARCH INSTITUTE
CACAO INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION OF MINDANAO, INC. (CIDAMI)
AND ACDI/VOCA Apo View Hotel, Davao City, November 21 – 23, 2012
GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES (GAP)
GOOD HANDLING PRACTICES (GHP)
Land suitability evaluation
Land preparation
Nursery
Shade
Planting
Pruning
Fertilization, soil-water conservation
Pest-disease-weed control
Harvesting, processing, storage
LAND
• Climate
– Dry month max 5/yr
• Soil
– Effective depth > 60 cm
– pH 4,0-8,0
– Loamy texture
Leguminous crops for shade
SHADE & PRUNING
• Optimum shade
– Leguminous crops
– Productive crops
Optimum pruning • Time
• Frequency
COCOA - AGROFORESTRY
Fertilization
1000 kg cocoa dry beans contain :
•N : 68,4 kg, equiv. 258 kg Urea
•P : 12,6 kg, equiv. 60 kg SP36
•K : 145,2 kg, equiv. 290 kg KCl
•Mg : 13,6 kg, equiv. 62 kg Kieserit
•Ca : 16,4 kg, equiv. 39 kg Dolomite
OPTIMUM FERTILIZATION
• Organic
– C/N
– Dose
• Inorganic
– Kind
– Dose
• Based on soil/leaf analysis
Tentative fertilizers for cocoa (When there is no soil analysis results)
Age/Stadium Unit
Nursery g/seedling
yr
yr
yr
yr
yr
g/tree/yr
g/tree/yr
g/tree/yr
g/tree/yr
g/tree/yr
Kieserite
Organic manure 5-20 kg/tree/yr
(NPK) 15-10-20
(15)
(75)
(135)
(270)
(540)
(660)
Soil & Water Conservation
• Terrace (for > 15% slope)
• Mulching
• Pit
Soil & Water Conservation
• Water
conservation
– Biopore
– Organic matter
– Soil microbes
Pod husk for organic matter source
• Healthy pod