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CURRENT STATUS OF COCOA
PLANTING MATERIALS IN
INDONESIA
INDONESIAN COFFEE AND COCOA RESEARCH INSTITUTE Jl. PB Sudirman No. 90 Jember 68118 Indonesia, Phone: +62(0331)757130,
Fax +62(0331)757131, website : www.iccri.net. E-mail : [email protected].
Agung Wahyu Susilo
E-mail : [email protected]
BREEDING STRATEGY
Crossing &
Selection
Adaptability Test
INTRODUCTION
EXPLORATION
SELECTION
Germplasm
collection
PROMISING CLONE/HYBRID
Evaluation
Unselected
genotypes
Individual &
population selection
RECOMMENDED
CLONE/HYBRID
THE 1st GENERATION (Fine-cocoa era)
• Time : 1912—1970s.
• Focused to select fine-cocoa clones.
• Breeding materials is the introduced hybrid of Trinitario.
• Main issue : flavor
• Based in Java.
• Planting materials distributed just for big plantation.
The selected clones
DR 1 DR 2 DR 38 DRC 16
• Yield (tones/ha) :
• A dry bean (g) :
• Self Compatibility :
• PPR resistance :
• VSD resistance :
2.16
1.21
SC
S
S
1.54
1.19
SC
R
S
1.50
1.36
SI
S S
1.50
1.47
SC
S
S
GC 7
2.0
1.24
SI
S
S
THE 2nd GENERATION (Bulk-cocoa era)
• Time : 1970s—1990s
• Focused to select bulk-cocoa clones & hybrids
• Breeding materials is Forastero Upper Amazon Hybrids which be introduced from Malaysia & some introduced clones. .
• Main issue : Productivity & quality
• Based in Sumatra.
• The selected clones are mainly distributed for big plantation.
The selected clones
ICS 13 ICS 60 TSH 858
• Yield (tones/ha) :
• A dry bean (g) :
• Self Compatibility :
• PPR resistance :
• Fat content (%) :
• VSD resistance :
• CPB resistance :
1.83
1.05
SC
M
52
S
S
1.50
1.67
SI
M
54
M
S
1.76
1.15
SI
M
56
S
S
RCC 70 PA 300 NIC 7
1.40
1.14
-
M
54
M
-
2.28
1.18
SC
M
57
S
-
1.65
1.50
SC
M
53
S
-
THE 3rd GENERATION (Pest-Disease era)
• Time : 1990s—now
• Focus to select both of the bulk-cocoa clones, fine-cocoa clones, and hybrids
• Breeding materials is hybrids population of Trinitario. • Main issue : Productivity, quality & pest/disease resistance
• National based area.
• Planting materials were already distributed for big plantation & cocoa smallholder. Some are still in developmental phase.
The selected clones
ICCRI 01 ICCRI 02
• Yield (tones/ha) :
• A dry bean (g) :
• Self Compatibility :
• PPR resistance :
• VSD resistance :
2.37
1.32
SC
R
S
2.50
1.36
SC
R
S
Fine-cocoa
ICCRI 03 ICCRI 04
• Yield (tones/ha) :
• A dry bean (g) :
• Self Compatibility :
• PPR resistance :
• Fat content (%) :
• VSD resistance :
2.19
1.18
-
R
55
MS
2.16
1.12
-
R
55
MR
The selected clones Bulk-cocoa
ICCRI 06H- Hybrid
CPB-resistant clone
Sulawesi-3
CPB-resistant clone
ICCRI 07
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH
OF COCOA FARMER ON
BREEDING ACTIVITY IN
INDONESIA
INDONESIAN COFFEE AND COCOA RESEARCH INSTITUTE Jl. PB Sudirman No. 90 Jember 68118 Indonesia, Phone: +62(0331)757130,
Fax +62(0331)757131, website : www.iccri.net. E-mail : [email protected].
Agung Wahyu Susilo
E-mail : [email protected]
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH ON
CLONE SELECTION
• Based on basic intuitive farmer select the intended tree of vigorous genotype for their planting.
• Pioneer work by pioneer farmer.
• Initially mediated by extension.
• Participative farmer depend on the training program.
CRITERIA OF THE PREFFERED
LOCAL CLONE
• Continuously produce fruit to sustain
home income during the year.
• High productivity (1.5—2.0 tones/ha/yr).
• Easily be propagated by using side-grafting or top grafting in the field.
• Resistance to CPB or VSD.
• Quality - buyer would give premium price for the beans.
Candidate of
Superior Tree
Candidate of Superior Clone (Local Clone)
from SouthSulawesi, Indonesia
Candidate of Superior Clone(Local Clone)
In West Sumatera, Indonesia
Candidate of Superior Clone(Local Clone)
In North Sumatera, Indonesia
Candidate for Fine Flavor Cocoa
in East Java
Promising to VSD
Thanks You
