Kingdom PlantsKingdom PlantsKingdom PlantsKingdom PlantsOrganisms that have chlorophyll(green) and make food by a process

called PHOTOSYNTHESIS

(Plants are also called Producers)

T or F. Animals reproduce sexually and

plants reproduce asexually.

T or F. Animals reproduce sexually and

plants reproduce asexually.

F. The vast majority of both animals and plants reproduce

sexually.

Plants are divided into 2 large groupsPlants are divided into 2 large groups

• Algae (green, brown and red)

• Mosses

• Liverworts

• Ferns

• Conifers

• Flowering Plants

N on vascu lar P lan tscon ta in N O tu b es

rem ain sm all

V ascu lar P lan tsh ave T U B E S

carry w ater+ food

K in gd om P lan t

Green AlgaeGreen Algae

Brown AlgaeBrown Algae

Giant KelpGiant Kelp

Red AlgaeRed Algae

MostlyMostlydeep oceandeep ocean

Reproduction in Non Vascular Plants

• Algae – reproduce either sexually(2 parents using sperm and egg) or asexually(1 parent makes a copy of itself)

• Mosses and Liverworts- must do both sexual and asexual reproduction to make a baby

LiverwortsLiverworts

MossMoss

Moss and Liverworts do a form of strange reproduction called:

Moss and Liverworts do a form of strange reproduction called:

Alternation of Alternation of GenerationsGenerations

Phylum Vascular Plants- have tubes for carrying water, minerals

and food• Ferns

• Conifers

• Flowering Plants

Ferns leaves drop spores.Ferns leaves drop spores.

Spore capsules(sori)

Fern leaf

Spores

Spores produce:Spores produce:

fern fern ProthallusProthallus

Lives for 2 weeks, and...Lives for 2 weeks, and...Lives for 2 weeks, and...Lives for 2 weeks, and...

produces sperm and produces sperm and eggegg

New fernsNew ferns grow.grow.

(No seeds)(No seeds)

Alternation of Generations• Reproduction technique in which

the plant has to do sexual(sperm and egg) and asexual(spores) reproduction to make a baby. Mosses, Liverworts and Ferns

Sperm and EggSexual

SporesAsexual

Baby Plant

Seed PlantsSeed Plants• Flowering Flowering

PlantsPlants- - have have flowers with male flowers with male and female sex and female sex organs.organs.

• ConifersConifers-- evergreens evergreens that have a that have a male and male and female female cone.cone.

Evergreens are conifers. They include:

Evergreens are conifers. They include:

• PinesPines-- long needles in bundles of two.

• SpruceSpruce- - short single needles

• Firs and Yews-Firs and Yews- flat, slender, flexible needles

• Cedars and Arborvitaes-Cedars and Arborvitaes- scaly needles

• Larches or TamaracksLarches or Tamaracks

Only conifer that loses it’s needles in the fall.

Male cones produce sperm in pollen grainsMale cones produce sperm in pollen grains in the spring. They release their pollen in the spring. They release their pollen when the wind blows. Some pollen might when the wind blows. Some pollen might land on the sticky female cone.land on the sticky female cone.

Conifers(cone-bearers)Conifers(cone-bearers)

PollenPollenGrainsGrains(1000X)(1000X)

ConifersConifersThe The femalefemale cone is larger cone is larger and and

reddish/green in the spring. reddish/green in the spring. The pollen that stuck on it The pollen that stuck on it burrows to the center of the burrows to the center of the cone to the egg. This cone to the egg. This forms forms a seed.a seed.

Flowering plants are Flowering plants are the most common the most common

plants on the earth and plants on the earth and produce sperm and egg produce sperm and egg

in flowers.in flowers.

Flowering plants are Flowering plants are the most common the most common

plants on the earth and plants on the earth and produce sperm and egg produce sperm and egg

in flowers.in flowers.

Most flowering plants have very plain looking flowers that you might not even

notice.

Most flowering plants have very plain looking flowers that you might not even

notice.

• Wind, birds, and bees usually pick Wind, birds, and bees usually pick up the pollen from the male part of up the pollen from the male part of the flower and carry it by accident the flower and carry it by accident to the female part of another to the female part of another flower, creating a flower, creating a seedseed..

Flowering PlantsFlowering PlantsFlowering PlantsFlowering PlantsThe flower has pollen, The flower has pollen,

containing sperm, in male containing sperm, in male sex organs and eggs in sex organs and eggs in

female sex organs. female sex organs.

Let’s study a flowerLet’s study a flower

With the help of wind, birds, and bees...

Flowering Plants make seeds.

With the help of wind, birds, and bees...

Flowering Plants make seeds.

Pollination (Thanks, Cupid!)Pollination (Thanks, Cupid!)

Pollen is carried from the anther of one flower to the stigma of

another flower.

Pollen grains burrow down the pistil, style

and ovary to the eggs. Pollens open up to release sperm which turn the eggs

into seeds.

Fertilization

From Flower to Fruit- a Love Story

From Flower to Fruit- a Love Story

Once upon a time, Rholl grew tomato plants in his garden.

In June, he began to notice little yellow flowers. He was very happy!

By the end of June, he was sad because the little yellow flowers

were gone.

By the end of July, he noticed small green bumps where the

flowers used to be.

The bumps got bigger and

bigger and bigger!

One day in August, he noticed the bumps turning yellow.

Finally one day at the end of August, he realized...These are

TOMATOES!!

These are flowers! They are the ripened ovaries of the tomato

flower.

Rholl presents his wife with a cart of partially rotten ovaries of a flower. I married

a geek!

“ That evening at dinner...”“ That evening at dinner...”

Science geek Rholl proves his point by dissecting the salad to reveal seeds in the tomatoes

Afruit is a ripened ovary!

Mrs. Rholl admitted that even though she married a science geek, she married the smartest man in the whole wide world!

See, it is a See, it is a love story.love story.

Plant Sex...Plant Sex...

Never knew it could be

so exciting!!

Seed DispersalSeed DispersalSeed DispersalSeed Dispersal• Wind or water

carrying seeds.

• Animals eating and pooping seeds.

• Animals carrying seeds.

Thank you Plant Kingdom for making all of our food

and oxygen! - Monerans, Protists, Fungi,

and Animals