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Plants
• Origin of plants• Key features of plants• Major groups
Kingdom: Plantae
Origin of Plants• Chlorophyta• Gave rise to land
plants
• Evidence:• DNA sequence• Chlorophyll• Store starch• Cell walls of cellulose
Key features of plants
• Multicellular• Most are autotrophic• Reproductive cycle• Alternating multicellular haploid and diploid
generations• Sporophyte: Diploid• Gametophyte: Haploid, male and female
Life on land
• Problems include• Lack of buoyancy• Drying out• Reproduction
Key Adaptations• Roots to absorb water
and support• Waxy cuticle to prevent
drying out• Pores called stomata to
allow photosynthesis without drying out
• Conducting vessels• Lignin for support• Pollen• Seeds• Fruits for
dispersal/protection
Reproduction in Plants
Major groups
Evolution of plants
Bryophytes
• Non-vascular• Seedless• Small size• Needs water for
reproduction
Mosses and Liverworts
Seedless vascular plants
• Club mosses• Horsetails• Ferns• Sporophyte is
dominant• Ancient plants
(carboniferous forest)
Reproduction
Fern, club mosses & Horsetails
Seed Plant
• Gymnosperms• Angiosperms
(flowering plants)• Dicots and Monocot
• Two major adaptations:
• Seed • Pollen
Adaptations
Gymnosperms
Groups
Cycad Ginkgo
Plants Under the Hot Sun
Angiosperms
• Flowers• Fruits• Annual plants
Life Cycle
Pollinators: Mutualism
Eucalyptus trees