S C I E N C E

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Modified In-School Off-School Approach Modules (MISOSA)

Distance Education for Elementary Schools

SELF-INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

KINDS OF ROCK

Department of Education

BUREAU OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION 2nd Floor Bonifacio Building DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue Pasig City

Revised 2010 by the Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS),

DepEd - Division of Negros Occidental under the Strengthening the Implementation of Basic Education

in Selected Provinces in the Visayas (STRIVE).

This edition has been revised with permission for online distribution through the Learning Resource Management Development System (LRMDS) Portal (http://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/) under Project STRIVE for BESRA, a project supported by AusAID.

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides: “No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.” This material was originally produced by the Bureau of Elementary Education of the Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines.

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You have learned in the past lesson that rocks could be classified be according to their properties or physical characteristics. A. Arrange the jumbled letters to form a property of a rock. Write the answers in your notebook.

1. ARSNHEDS 2. HAEPS 3. TGEIWH 4. EZSI 5. OCLRO

B. True or False. Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is False. Write the answers in your notebook.

1. Rocks differ from one another because they are made up of different minerals.

2. Rocks are hard to classify because they don’t have distinct minerals. 3. Rocks can be classified according to hardness with the use of a standard

scale like scratch test. 4. Rocks have almost the same shape. 5. Rocks can be identified by their physical by their characteristics such as color,

hardness, weight, shape and texture. You have just finished Try to Recall. Find out if your answers are correct by nreading the following:

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

differentiate igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

Try to

Recall

2

Look at the pictures below. Are you familiar with these rocks? Which ones do you know?

Exploration Time

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In this lesson you will learn more about rocks. The class of Mr. Alba is in PHIVOCS. Dr. Ocampo, a geologist, is explaining about rocks. You can learn also from Dr. Ocampo. Read his Explanation.

Other examples of IGNEOUS ROCKS

Beneath the earth is very hot. There are hot

liquids in it called MAGMA. When a volcano

erupts hot magma comes out. When this

cools down, it becomes igneous rocks. This is

also called FIRE-FORMED Rock. Look at the

igneous rocks inside the box.

Granite Obsidian

Scoria Pumice

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Other examples of SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

Are you familiar with the stone on my left?

That is sandstone, an example of sedimentary

rock. This rock is formed out of sedimentary

rock. This rock is formed out sediments, which

piled up at the bottom of the earth. They

become compressed and hardened to rocks.

Limestone Sandstone

Gypsum

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Other examples of METAMORPHORIC ROCKS READ AND LEARN MORE

Are you familiar with the stone? Yes, this is a

marble. It is an example of metamorphic rock.

This is a type of rock formed once a

sedimentary or igneous changed in form

because of extreme heat and pressure.

Marble comes from limestone, which is a

sedimentary rock. It becomes hard due to

heat and pressure.

Sir, that’s a marble.

Marble Gneiss

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Below the earth’s crust are molten rocks called magma. When volcanoes erupt,

magma flows out toward that crust. When it reaches the earth surface, it will be called lava.

When magma hardens beneath the crust it will form intrusive igneous rocks. Examples of

these are granite, diorite and gabbro. When, lava cools off, it solidifies and from extrusive

igneous rocks. Examples of these are rhyolite, andestie and basalt.

Sand silk, pebbles, clay, gravel and other materials are carried away by flowing water

from rivers to oceans. They settle at the bottom of the ocean floor. Shells, skeletons and

corals form part of the sediments that layers and cemented together and become

sedimentary rocks.

Granite Basalt

Shale

Sandstone

Conglomerate

Limestone

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Metamorphic rocks are formed by metamorphism. Igneous rock or sedimentary rock could become a metamorphic rock. This happens when igneous or metamorphic rock is exposed to extreme heat and pressure.

I LEARNED THAT:

Rocks may be classified as igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic

Rocks may change in form.

Igneous are fire-formed rocks.

Sedimentary rocks are formed out of sediments cemented together.

Metamorphic rocks are formed due to extreme heat and pressure.

Marble Gneiss

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You are now going to apply the ideas that you have learned. A. Copy the diagram in your notebook. Then fill the empty boxes in your diagram with appropriate words to complete it.

B. Sheila loves to collect different kinds of rock. If she will visit a beach, what kind of rock can she bring home? Why?

Rocks

. . .

Apply It

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Test Yourself

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DOWN

1. It gives from to an object. 2. It is the roughness of the smoothness of an object

ACROOS

3. It could be determined rough a scratch test. 4. It tells whether the object is heavy or light. 5. It is the quality of a reflected light. It makes the object attractive to the eyes.

Congratulations for completing the puzzle. Try another one. B. Tell what property of a rock is being referred to in the following statements. Write your answer on the space provided. 1. The rock is dark blue. It could be placed in the aquarium. 2. “I like this rock. It is smooth. It has fine grains.” 3. “This rock is oval. It could add beauty to my rock garden.” 4. “This rock is quite good for my rock collection.” 5. “This rock is too light for me to carry.” Congratulations for completing the different activities. Try to explore other modules to enrich your knowledge.