@)!$ ;]K6]Da/jif{ % c+s ^#

o; c+sdf s] s] <(What is inside ?)

à k|df0fkqx¿sf] Joj:yf============!(Arrangement of three impor-tant documents)

à ;o 8n/sf] qmozlSt==============@(Purchasing capacity of $ 100)

à gfgLsf] lzIff / /fHox¿==========#(Children’s education & states)

à 5fqfjf;df rflxg] ;fdfg=========$(Dorm Room Checklist)

à 3g b'nfnsf] hLjg–ofqf==========%(Ghana Dulal’s story)

à gful/s k|Zg–pQ/ *@==============^(Civic Test - Q/A no. 82)

à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb #!==========^(Most common Eng. words 31)

cTofjZos k|df0fkqx¿sf] Joj:yf;f];n ;]So'l/6L, lu|gsf8{ / kf;kf]6{ x/fP

xfd|f cTofjZos k|df0fkqx?df d'ntM ;f];n ;]So'l/6L sf8{ (Social Se-

curity card), lu|gsf8{ (Green Card) / kf;kf]6{ (Passport), k5{g\ . o:tf k|df0fkq x/fP jf k|fs[lts ljklQsf sf/0f gflzP s] ug]{ <

o:tf] k|df0fkq k|fKt ug{ k|lqmof k"/f ug'{k5{ / yf]/} w}o{tf, b'O{sf nflu /sd cfjZos x'G5 .

o:tf k|df0fkqsf] kmf]6f]slk -k|ltlnlk_ agfP/ Psbd} e/kbf]{ ;fyLefO{ jf Oi6ldq–nfO{ /fVg lbg' a'l4dQfk"0f{ h'lSt xf] . csf]{ agfpg] a]nfdf k|ltlnlk b]vfpFbf lgs} ;lhnf] x'G5 .

o:tf k|df0fkq agfpg s/ a'emfPsf] k|df0f, :s"nn] lbPsf k|df0fkq klg sfd nfUg ;S5g\ .

;f];n ;]So'l/6L sf8{ ;f];n ;]So'l/6L sf8{

cgnfOgaf6 dfUg ;lsb}g . csf]{ sf8{ agfpFbf z'Ns ltg'{kb}{g .

lgMz'Ns aG5 . o;sf nflu lgDg sfd ug'{k5{Má ;f];n ;]So'l/6L kmf/d

eg'{k5{ . á cfjZos k|df0f;lxt kmf/d

lnP/ glhs}sf] ;f];n ;]So'l/6L sfof{no hfg'k5{ jf x'nfsaf6 k7fpg'k5{ .

á kmf/d;lxt hGdbtf{ k|df0fkq, cd]l/sL kf;kf]6{, /fHoåf/f hf/L kl/ro–kq, sfd ug]{ clwsf/sf] k|df0fkq jf nfO;]G; cflb cfjZos kg{ ;S5g\ .

lu|gsf8{lu|gsf8{ eg] cgnfOgaf6

cg'/f]w ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu cfO{ – () (I-90) kmf/d eg'{k5{ . sfuhL ?kdf k]z ug]{ eP, cfO{ – () df cfjZos tYo e/]/ lk|G6 u/L cGo sfuhft / $ ;o %) 8n/sf] r]s;lxt k7fpg'k5{ .

ljb]z /xFbf x/fP, csf]{ lu|gsf8{sf nflu cfj]bg

^k[i7

o;k6s

lbg'eGbf klxn] :yfgLo cd]l/sL sG;'n]6 jf b"tfjf;df va/ ug'{k5{ .

gofF lu|gsf8{ hf/L ePsf ldltn] !) jif{sf] x'G5 . lsgeg] lu|gsf8{sf] Dofb !) jif{sf] x'G5 .

kf;kf]6{ csf]{ kf;kf]6{ agfpg]

tl/sf sl/a klxnf]k6s kf;kf]6{ agfPh:t} xf] . o;sf nflu cfkm}+ pkl:yt eP/ csf]{ kf;kf]6{sf nflu cfj]bg lbg'k5{ . o:tf] cj:yfdf tkfO{n] l8P; – !! (DS-11) / csf]{ kmf/d l8P; – ^$ (DS-64) eg'{k5{ .

l8P; – !! t z'?df kf;kf]6{ kfpg eg]{ g} kmf/d xf] . l8P; – ^$ rfxL tkfO{+sf] Tof] ;fgf] gLnf] lstfa s;/L x/fof] eGg] hfGg ;/sf/n] tkfO{+nfO{ eg{ nufpg] kmf/d xf] . csf]{ kf;kf]6{ lgMz'Ns

kfOFb}g . o;sf nflu ! ;o $) 8n/ g} ltg'{k5{ . klxnf]k6s agfPh:t}

csf]{ kf;kf]6{ agfpg hfFbf ;a} cfjZos sfuhft, kl/rokq, kmf]6f] cflb

;f];n ;]So'l/6L sf8{ ;/sf/n] lgMz'Ns

k|bfg u5{ . x/fPdf klg lgMz'Ns kfpg ;lsG5 .

@@)

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;o 8n/sf] qmozlSt sxfF slt<Ps ;o 8n/n] s'g /fHodf slt d"Nosf] ;fdfg jf ;]jf lsGg ;S5, Tof] /fHodf !)) 8n/sf] qmozlSt Tolt xf] . o;af/] 6\ofS; kmfpG8];g (Tax Foundation) sf] xfn}sf] k|ltj]bg eG5M/fHosf] gfd........................................................ qmozlSt -8n/df_

)!= cnfafdf (Alabama)..................................!!#=%!)@= cnf:sf (Alaska).........................................(#=#&)#= cl/hf]gf (Arizona)....................................!)!=($)$= cs{G;f; (Arkansas) .................................!!$=!^)%= Soflnkmf]lg{of (California).............................**=%&)^= sf]nf]/f8f] (Colorado)....................................(*=$#

)&= sg]l6s6 (Connecticut)................................................(!=$!)*= 8]nfj/ (Delaware)........................................................ (&=&%)(= ˆnf]l/8f (Florida)........................................................!)!=@!!)= hlh{of (Georgia).........................................................!)*=&)!!= xjfO{ (Hawaii)...............................................................*%=#@!@= cfO8fxf] (Idaho)..........................................................!)^=*$!#= Olngf]o (Illinois)...........................................................((=$)!$= OlG8ofgf (Indiana)......................................................!)(=&&!%= cfof]jf (Iowa)............................................................!!!=&#!^= sG;f; (Kansas)..........................................................!!!=@#!&= s]G6sL (Kentucky)......................................................!!@=^!!*= n'lhofgf (Louisiana)...................................................!)(=$!!(= d]g (Maine)................................................................!)!=&#@)= d]l/Nof08 (Maryland)....................................................*(=*%@!= df;fr';]6\; (Massachusetts)..........................................(#=@*@@= ldl;ug (Michigan).....................................................!)%=(#@#= ldg];f]6f (Minnesota)...................................................!)@=%&@$= ldl;l;kL (Mississippi).................................................!!%=&$@%= ldh'/L (Missouri).........................................................!!#=%!@^= df]G6fgf (Montana)......................................................!)^=!^@&= g]a|f:sf (Nebraska)......................................................!!)=((@*= g]ef8f (Nevada)...........................................................!)!=*#@(= Go' XofD;/ (New Hampshire)........................................($=!^#)= Go' h;L{ (New Jersey)....................................................*&=^$#!= Go' d]lS;sf] (New Mexico)..........................................!)%=$(#@= Go'of]s{ (New York)........................................................*^=^^##= gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf (North Carolina)................................!)(=!&#$= gy{ 8sf]6f (North Dakota)..........................................!!)=^@#%= cf]xfof] (Ohio).............................................................!!@=!!#^= cf]Snfxf]df (Oklahoma)................................................!!!=@##&= cf]/]ug (Oregon)..........................................................!)!=@!#*= k]G;neflgof (Pennsylvania)........................................!)!=#@#(= /f]8 cfONof08 (Rhode Island).....................................!)!=#@$)= ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf (South Carolina).............................!!)=@%$!= ;fpy 8sf]6f (South Dakota)......................................!!#=#*$@= 6]g];L (Tennessee).......................................................!!)=@%$#= 6]S;; (Texas) .........................................................!)#=^#$$= o'6f (Utah).................................................................!)#=#!$%= ed{G6 (Vermont)............................................................((=!!$^= elh{lgof (Virginia)........................................................(^=()$&= jfl;+u6g (Washington)..................................................(^=()$*= j]:6 elh{lgof (Virginia).............................................!!@=*&$(= lj:sfG;g (Wisconsin)................................................!)&=^$%)= jfof]ldª (Wyoming).....................................................!)#=&#

gof“ lu|gsf8{ hf/L ePsf ldltn] !) jif{] x'G5 . ;a} lu|gsf8{sf] Dofb !) jif{sf] x'G5 .

rflxG5 . kf;kf]6{ x/fPsf]

yfxf kfPkl5 tTsfn !–*&&–$*&–@&&* gDa/df kmf]g ul/xfNg' k5{ . olt u/]kl5 tkfO{+nfO{ kfos kg]{ ;dodf csf]{ kf;kf]6{sf nflu cfj]bg u/] eof] . cd]l/sL ljb]z dGqfno

-:6]6 l8kf6{d]G6_ n] cfkm" ljb]z ePsf a]nf cfˆgf] kf;kf]6{ x/fPsf] yfxf kfpg]lalQs} glhs}sf] cd]l/sL b"tfjf; jf jfl0fHo–b"tfjf; -sG;'n]6_ uP/ hfgsf/L u/fpg] ;Nnfx lbPsf] 5 . ToxfF cfkm" pkl:yt eP/ csf]{ kf;kf]6{ agfpg ;Sg'x'G5 . cfˆgf] emf]nf, jfn]6 -k};f

af]Sg] y}nf]_, jf c? ;a}yf]s

x/fPsf] cj:yfdf b"tfjf; jf jfl0fHo–b"tfjf;n] tkfO{+nfO{ kf;kf]6{nufot cGo ;xof]u ug{ ;S5g\ . ToxfFaf6 kmf]g ;Dks{ u/fP/ kf;kf]6{nfO{ nfUg] k};f cd]l/sfdf ePsf kl/jf/nfO{ ltg{ af6f] v'nfOlbG5 . kf;kf]6{ cfjZostfcg';f/

rfF8f] x'g;S5 . t/ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf kf;kf]6{ tof/ x'g yf]/} lbg nfU5, h;sf nflu ! ;o $) 8n/ ltg'{k5{ .x/fPsf] kf;kf]6{ e]l6P

tkfO{+n] of] kf;kf]6{ ljb]z–ofqfdf hfFbf k|of]u ug{ ;Sg'x'Gg . x/fPsf] kf;kf]6{ s;}sf dfWodaf6 lkmtf{ cfP jf s;}sf] xftdf k/]/ km]nf k/] o;n] dfGotf gkfpg ;S5 . k'/fgf] ;/sf/nfO{ g} lkmtf{ ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .

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PGgL O= s];L kmfpG8];g (An-nie E. Casey Foundation) n] cd]l/sfdf gfgLx?af/] ljleGg cWoog u5{ . ljleGg vfnsf k|ltj]bg k|sflzt u5{ . pSt kmfpG8];gn] ;g\

@)!$ df lgsfn]sf] k|ltj]bg gfgLsf] lzIffsf nflu /fd|f / g/fd|f /fHoaf/] 5 . of] k|ltj]bg k|fylds :s"n gcfpg] gfgLx?, sIff -u|]8_ $ df k'Ubf klg k9\g g;Sg] gfgL sIff -u|]8_ * df k'Ubf klg ul0ftdf bIf gx'g] gfgL / xfO:s"ndf pSt tx ;dodf g} k"/f ug]{ gfgLaf/] tYof+s s]nfP/ lgsflnPsf] xf] . oxfF lzIffsf nflu /fd|f /fHoaf6 g/fd|f /fHosf] gfd lbOPsf] 5M

)!= df;fr';]6\;)@= Go' h;L{)#= ed{G6)$= Go' XofD;/)%= sg]l6s6)^= ldg];f]6f)&= k]G;neflgof)*= d]l/NofG8 )(= g]a|f:sf!)= elh{lgof!!= sf]nf]/f8f]!@= sG;f;!#= cfof]jf!$= d]g!%= lj:sfG;g!^= cf]xfof]!&= Olngf]o!*= Go'of]s{!(= gy{ 8sf]6f@)= jfl;+u6g@!= df]G6fgf@@= ldh'/L@#= 8]nfj/ @$= jfof]ldª @%= /f]8 cfONofG8@^= OlG8ofgf

;du| ?kdf !) /fd|f /fHo!= Dof;fr';]6\;@= ed{G6#= cfof]jf$= Go' XofD;/%= ldg];f]6f^= gy{ 8sf]6f&= sg]6Ls6*= Go' h;L{(= elh{lgof!)= g]a|f:sf

To:t} !) g/fd|f /fHo$!= csf{G;f;$@= hlh{of$#= 6]S;;$$= cnfafdf$%= ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf$^= cl/hf]gf$&= n'lhofgf$*= g]ef8f$(= Go' d]lS;sf]%)= ldl;l;kL

:jf:Yo, lzIff cflb ;du| ?kdf s'g /fd|f / g/fd|f

gfgLx¿sf] lzIffsf nflu /fd|f÷g/fd|f /fHo

df]gL c

lwsf/L÷gf;'c

f

@&= ˆnf]l/8f@*= gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf@(= o'6f#)= s]G6sL #!= xjfO{ #@= ;fpy 8sf]6f ##= cfO8fxf] #$= 6]S;; #%= cf]/]ug #^= csf{G;f; #&= 6]g];L #*= ldl;ug #(= Soflnkmf]lg{of $)= hlh{of $!= cf]Snfxf]df $@= cnf:sf $#= ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf$$= cl/hf]gf $%= cnfafdf $^= j]:6 elh{lgof $&= n'lhofgf $*= ldl;l;kL $(= Go' d]lS;sf]%)= g]ef8f

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8f]d{df a:bf oL ;fdfg ePsf] /fd|f]l;of]–wfuf]b]lv sDKo'6/;DdM 3/df rflxg] h:t}

sn]h hfg] tof/L ubf{ xfdLn] 8f]d{ -5fqfjf;_ df a:g'– kg]{ x'g;S5 . 5fqfjf;df a:g' eg]sf] 3/nfO{ rflxg] hlQs} ;fdfg lnP/ hfg'k5{ . ljleGg 1ftfx? o:tf ;fdfgx? lnP/ hfg l;kmfl/z u5{g\, t/ oL g} ;a} ;fdfg eg] xf]Ogg\M != vf6d'lg ;fdfg /fVg]

-5f]lkg] ePsfn]_ a]8 /fOh/ (Bed Risers)

@= Dof6«]; Kof8 (Mattress Pad)

#= 7"nf] cfsf/sf] l6\jg tGbf (XL Twin sheets)

$= ;fa'g cflb /fVg] efF8f] (Shower caddy)

%= afy?dnfO{ rKkn (Shower shoes)

^= ;fdfg /fVg] efF8f (Storage containers)

&= lah'nLaf6 rNg] w]/} pks/0f hf]8\g] dlN6Knu (Surge Protector)

*= Nofk6k (Laptop)(= 6]a'n aQL (Desk Lamp)!)= cnfd{ Sns

(Alarm clock)

!!= ?3f nfUbf vfg] cf}ifwL (Cold Medicines)

!@= d}nf n'uf /fVg] af:s]6 (Laundry basket)

!#= tx–tx w]/} n'uf em'08\ofpg] Xof+u/ (Multy arm hanger)

!$= ;fgf] lk|mh (Mini-fridge)!%= rfF8} g;8\g] jf Dofb

g;lsg] vfnsf vfgf (Non-perishables)

!^= vfBfGg e08f/0f (Food storage)

!&= kfgL (Water)!*= vfg] / c? jt{g

(Dining set and utensils)!(= ;/;kmfO{ ug]{ pTkfbgx?

(Cleaning products)@)= ;fOsn cflbdf rfaL

nufpg] o'–ns / tf/x? (U-locks and cables)

@!= k|fylds pkrf/sf] hf]xf] (First aid Kit)

@@= l;of]–wfuf] cflbsf] hf]xf] (Sewing Kit)

@#= x]8kmf]g (Headphone)@$= k]k/ lSnk (Paper clip)@%= Sofns'n]6/ / Aofl6«

(Calculator and battery)@^= ;fa'g÷k]:6÷bfFt df‰g]

a|z (Shop/Paste/tooth brush)

@&= l8of]8]/]G6 (Deodarant)@*= dfpy jf; (Mouth wash)@(= kGr (Paper Punch)#)= xfOnfO6/ (Highlighter)#!= Po/slG8;g/ geP k+vf

(Fan)#@= un}rf (Rug)##= kmf]xf]/sf] efF8f] (Trash can)#$= 5ftf÷/]g sf]6

(Umbrella/raincoat)#%= /]g a'6 / ljG6/ a'6

(Rain boot & winter boot)#^= 6\jfOn]6 k]k/ / k]k/

6fjn (Toilet paper & Paper towel)

#&= /a/ AofG8 (Rubber band)#*= 6r{ nfO6 (Torch light)#(= :6]Kn/÷:6]kn

(Stapler/staple)$)= s}rL (Scissors)$!= :s]n (Scale)$@= 6]k (Tape)$#= Un" (Glue)$$= lk|G6/ / sfuh

(Printer and paper)$%= gª\u sf6\g] (Nail cutter)$^= /]h/ (Razor)$&= ;]leª lqmd

(Shaving cream)$*= ;]nkmf]g (cellphone)$(= sfg ;kmf ug]{ :jfa

(Cotton swabs)%)= x/]s df};dnfO{

pko'St n'ufx? (Clothes for all seasons)

%!= k5f8L af]Sg] emf]nf (Backpack)

%@= a'n]l6g af]8{÷lkg (Bul-letin board/pushpins)

k|jL0f uf}td

/ /fh

]z sf]O/fnf

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;fN6 n]s l;6Ldf d]/f] sd{ / efUoaLr}df k9fO{ 5f8\g] gfgL–afa'x¿sf] lrGtf 5

d]/f] gfd 3g b'nfn xf] . d o'6f /fHosf] ;fN6 n]s l;6Ldf a:5' . of] /fHodf !% ;o– b]lv !& ;o e"6fgL z/0ffyL{ 5g\ . ;/sf/L tYof+scg';f/ of] /fHodf ! xhf/ # ;o $@ hgf o'6f cfpg'ePsf] 5 . t/ a;fO{+–;/fO{, ljjfx, hGd, d[To' cflbsf sf/0f ;+Vof tn–dfly ePsf] x'g'k5{ . cd]l/sL hLjg cf/De

d ;g\ @))* d] dlxgfdf cd]l/sf cfPsf] x'F . oxLF cfPF / d a;] . xfd|f] k'g:yf{kgfdf ljleGg ;+:yfn] sfd u5{g\ . d]/f] kl/jf/sf] k'g:yf{kgf OG6/g];gn /]:So' sld6Ln] u/fPsf] xf] . oxfF cfPkl5 pSt ;+:yfn] vf]h]sf] …;]N; P;f]l;o6Ú sf] sfd u/]+ .

bz}+ cfof] . xfdLn] bz}+ kf6L{ cfof]hgf u¥of}+ . kf6L{df /]ˆo'hL sf]–cl8{g]6/nfO{ af]nfPsf lyof}+ . ljleGg ljifodf 5nkmn eof] . pgn] s]xL lbgdf dnfO{ ^ dlxgfsf] c:yfoL hflu/ vfg] k|:tfj /fv] . d}n] vfPF . d]/f] uf8L lyPg . d]/f bflh{lnª\sf g]kfnL bfh' x'g'x'G5, oxfF . pxfFn] uf8L lsGg d2t ug'{eof] . clg d}n] ^ dlxgf bf]efif], cg'jfbs jf

ljleGg ;]jf–;'ljwf lng ;do ldnfpg] sfd u/] . ;g\ @))( dfr{b]lv ;g\ @)!$ h'g @! ;Dd /]:So' sld6Ldf s]; js{/ /x]+ . h'g @# b]lv :6]6 /]ˆo'hL clkm;df sDo'lg6L l/;f];{ :k]l;oln:6sf] lhDd]jf/L lbOPsf] 5 .

;g\ @))( df e"6\lgh sDo'lg6L Og o'6f :yfkgf u¥of}+ . z'?df cWoIf /x]+ . cd]l/sL gful/stf

d}n] cd]l/sL gful/stf lnPF . gful/stfsf] k/LIff eg] k9]–n]v]sfnfO{ ufx|f] gx'g] /x]5 . k9\g g;Sg];d]tnfO{ klg xfdLn] lgs} d]x]gt u/fof}+ / pxfFx?n] k/LIff kf; ug'{ePsf] 5 . pd]/ 9Ns]sf cu|hx?n] klg lgs} k|of; u/]/ gful/stf lng' ePsf pbfx/0f 5g\ . efiff Pp6}, b"/L w]/}

xfdL oxfF cfPotf :yfgLo s]xL g]kfnLn] xfdLnfO{ v'a ;xfotf ug'{eof] . t/ gfd}

n n;/sf/sf] tYof+snfO{ cfwf/ dfGbf of] /fHodf ! xhf/ # ;o $@ e"6fgL

ePsf] b]lvG5 . n n

z/0ffyL{ s+u|]; @)!! sf a]nf /fhwfgL jfl;+u6g l8;Ldf af]Nb} /

kl/jf/sf ;fy 3g b'nfn

lng'kbf{ yf]/}sf] lng'k5{ . pxfFx? / xfdL e"6fgL

g]kfnLaLr b"/L 5 . g]kfnLx? Jofkf/–Joj;fo ug'{x'G5 . o;/L Joj;fo ug]{x? dfq xfdLglhs x'g'x'G5 .

Psbd} sd JolSt;Fu JolStut ;Dks{ 5 . ;fd'lxs k|of; 5}g . xfdLn] ;f+:s[lts s]Gb| / dlGb/ agfpg] k|:tfj /fvf}+ . vf;} ;'g'jfO{ ePg . ;fgf–7"nf gfgLx¿sf] lrGtf

cd]l/sL pRrlzIffsf nflu ;do kfOPsf] 5}g . ptf kl9of] . oxfF cf}kl5 5f]/f– 5f]/LnfO{ g} k9fpgsf nflu ;do, k};f vlr{Psf] 5' .

t/ oxfF cfP/ aLr}df k9fO{ 5f8\g] gfgL–afa'x?sf] lrGtf nfu]sf] 5 . sfd t ;fgf]–ltgf] kfOG5 .

sf]xL–sf]xL s'ntdf km;]sf] / afa'–cfdf h:tf cu|hsf] s'/f g;'g]sf] kfPsf] 5' . u'hf/f ug'{ dfq 7"nf] s'/f xf]Og . of] cj;/sf] e"dLdf /fd|f] sfd ug{ l;Sg'xf];\ eg]/ eGg rfxG5' .

xfd|f ^) jf a9L pd]/df j[4–j[4fdf lzIff gePsf]df h] lrGtf 5, aLr}df k9fO{ 5f8\g]nfO{ ToxL x'g]5 .

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Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : aksharica.communication@gmail.com, URL : http://gyanjyotikendra.org/, Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya

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la6 dfbf{dfb}{;Gbe{M lzIffs}

:s"n÷sn]h v'Ng] ;do ePsfn] lzIff g} ;fGble{s eof] . To;}n] o; c+sdf klg lzIffsf tLg ljifo ;d]6]sf 5f}+ .

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