"

I 1 'Jirrr't ~ ~ll '1;;;4'j (111

NORTH M-">Ht.R.t.GHTR:. UNIVERSITY,J.-,LG.,ON

.;j SyllClbus for T.Y.B.3c. (CHEMISTRY)

From 1994-95 •.Paper V. (PHYSIC:,L CHEMISTRY)

FIRST TEal!:

1. The Golid state 1-The study of the cryst~ls, Inws of crystallography

Elements of symmetry. The space lattice, Crystalsystems, lattice planes. Weiss & Miller indices, ~mpor-tant planes of cubic lattices. Ratio of inter-~lanGrdistances. Diffr~ction of X-r~ys. Laue method. Braggequation., Determination of crystal structure by Bragg

method and Flower method. Interpretation .of X":ray ,Uff_raction results. positions of Na and chlorine atoms inNael lattice. Calculation of d~- and Avogadro's no. (14)

I

,

Ref 2 PagesRef 1 pages

2. Solutions t-

; 195 to:Z09: 68 to 69, 77 to 85.

•

\,..

•

I,,,.,

,Introduction, Factors affecting solubili.ty. Type~ ofsolutions, !de~l solutions, Vapour pressure of idealsolutions and actuel liquid pairs. Boiling point di~.grams of miscible binary mixtures. Distillation ofbin,.ry miscible solutions. Azeotropes, Fr<J.ctionat!nqcolumn. Solubility of' partiLllly :niscible liquid pairs,va~our pressure and distillation of immiscible liquids.

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Ref. 1 Pages I 261 to 264, 270 to 287.288- 'to 291 , ;94 to 296 •

3) Equiljbria in electrolytes 1-

Ionic strength, ~ctivities a~d activity coefficients ofstrong electrolytes, Det',lrmination of activitycoefficj.ents by emf method and from the dissociation ofweak eh:ctrolyte, -Debye- Huck"l theory of activitycoefficients (quLllitative ar~roach only). The solubility.product, Salt effects and soLubility (effect of sLlltwith and without common ion) hctivity coefficient fromsolubility measurement.

Aef. ,Pages , 338, 434, eo 4-\2, 460 eo 464.Ref. ,Ref. 3 p"ges , ,0> eo 705 •.

••• 2

(e)

II .,

••• 2 •••

4. Electrochornic~l cells 1_Classific~tion.of electrochemical cells, ehemic81 cellswith and without transference, Concentration cells.Electrode concontretion col~s without tr~n5ference.Electrolyte concentr0tion colIs with and wi~'out trans_ference, Liquin junction ~otentials.Applications of emf measurement : Determination of solu_bility product, me~surement 6£ PH using hydrogen gas,quinhydrone and' glass electrodes, determinati~ns ofionic product afwater, ~otentiometric titrations.

(14)

Ref. 1 PagesRef. 2 Pages

SECONp TERM I

497 to 520.

534 to 5J5, 549 to 550.

5. Kinetics of homogeneous reactions I

Introduction, measurementof re;J.ction rates, order andmolecularity of reactions. First order reactions,Examples of first order re'lctiont' : thermal decompositionof azoisopropane: decom~osition of hydrogen pero~de:hydrolysis of methyl acet~te: inv~rsion of cane sugar.

Second order reections, Exrymnles Jf second order reaction• •thermal decom~osition of acetald~hyde : s~ponificationof ~n ester (ethyl acetate)

Third order reaction~ with ~qu~l initial concentrationsof reactants .and the expression of balf life period ofsuch reactions.

Pseudomolecular reactions. methods fOl;"the determinationof order of a reactions. effect of temperature on reacti_on Velocity, Enel;"gyof activction. (l4)

Ref. 1 Pages • 548 to. 555, 5S7 to 559.-. 561 to 564. 5'11 to 574.Ref. 2 Pages • 606 to 608, 6 0 to 611, 616 to'618.

'. lnvesti9ation 0< molecular " -,ucture .-Molar refraction. Electric~l .olarization of molecules.permanent di?ole moments, de~,rmination of dipale momentsby Temperature method, Dilute snlution method ane refra_ctive index method.

•,,

I•

Molecular structu,e ~nd dio:le momentRef. 1 Pages ; 691 tc 700.

(.)

••• 3 • I

II

••• 3•••

7. Photochemist~y I

Introduction, Laffibe~t'slRW, Bee~'s law, G~otthusD~aper law, Einstein's l,::'.wof ',"Jhotochemicalequivalence,Quantum yield, Prim~ry and secondary processes , ~Qparcntdiscrepancies between Einstein's law and the experimentalresults, Consequences of light ~bsorption by atoms andmolecules, Experiment~l study of photochemical reactions.Photochemical g~s reactions : Photolysis of ammon~a,Hydrogen-chlorine reGctionPhotosensitizlld reactions, fluorescllncc imd phosphor-eicence, chemiluminescence. (12)Ref. 1 Pages , 715 to 716, 775 to 7e1

784 to 787, 788 to 789Ref, 2 Pages , 656 to 662, 6"65to 669.

672 to 677.8. Nuclear Chemistry 1-

Classification of nuclides, Nuclear st~bili~y~ ~uc1earpotential, Binding e;,..•.ergy.

~adioactivity 1 Radioactive elements, General character-istics of radioactive decay, Decay kine~ics, Units of.ra-dioactivity. Dec~y rate of mixture of unrelated radionu_elides, ~lph~ decay, 8eta ~ec~y.Detection ~nd measurement of radio~ctivity I Specificionization, 8ehaviour of ion pairs in electric field,Ionization chamber. Proportional counter, Geiger-Mullercounter.Applications of radioactivityReaction mech~nism, Structureteitium content, C_14 dating.

l Radiochemical principles,determination,. Dating by

(16)

,

Ref. 4 Pages , 4 to 13, g; to 98, 111 to 112,139 to 120, 247 to 251.252 to 253, 212 to 274.

Ref. S Pages , 199 to 209.

Referencoe ,1. Principles of P~ysical Chemistry, S.H. Maron and C.F~

Prutton, 4th edition.(Oxford and IBH publishing cOffi?i'lnyPvt, Ltn,.)

2. Elements of physical Chemistry, S. Glasstone ~nd D.Lewis, 2 nd edition.( Mac-Millan and Co.Ltd, London).

• •• 4

l

••• 4 •••

3. Physical Chemistry, G.M. Barrow,( International stud",nt edition,

2nd editionMc-Graw Hill Book Co.)

4. Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry, H.J. 0rnik~r 2ndedi tion ( Wiley Eastern Ltd.)

5. Sourcebook on ,.wmic Energy, 3. Glasstone.3rd edition ( hn e~st west edition)D. V2n Nostr~nd Co. Inc.

6. Nucle0r and Radiochemistry, G. Friedlander, J.W. KennedyJ.M. Miller, 2nd edit.ion (John Wiley and f30ns'Inc.

7. Introduction to Nuclc~r Physics and :hemistry, B.G.Harvey ( Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.)

~~E~f_Y!_(!~~f~~i~cb~~i~~fl)~=S!~~~_!(_!~~=!_!=~)

1) MOLECUr,,-,nORBIT:.L TRE,.TMENTI (11)

a) Molecular orbital energy level diagrams fori) Heteronuclear di8tomic moleculeslNCL, co, NO+

ii) Heteronuclear ryolyutomic moleculeslC02, BeH2b) Multicentre bonding in electron deficient molecules I

B2H6oj Three centre bonding io XeF 2

Ref. ,. Pages_ 73 eo ,..Ref. 2. pages- 67 CO 70, 76 eo 62.Ref. 3. Pages- 76 eo 70.

2) CHEMISTRY OF d_BLOCK ELEMENTS I (

• •• 5

position of d-block elements in the periodic tabls andtheir electronic configurations.Teends in properties of elements, Manufacture of iron alsteel and compounds of iron such as iron carbonyls,haemoglobin, ferro_ferricy~nides ~nd ferrocones.

Ref. 1- Relevant pages.3) SOLVENTS:.NIl SOLUTIONS, .\CID~ .\NO B-',SES, (H

Pon~r and accepter prope(ties, ~rotic and aprotic solverRules governing the strength of.oxyacids, Trends in thestrength of hydr~cids, oxyacios; Lux_Flood conc~pt andLewis concept. Hard and soft acids and bases.

Ref.2. Pages 163 to 173.Ref.3. pages 183 to 193.

-

,!tIP I' "

o...~...

- 4) CORflOSION ,;.NO Pi'.3SIVITY. (8)

,

Corrosion, ~tmo5~heric 2nd Immersed corro~ion, Mech~nismof corrosion ( Theory of corrosion) F~ors influencingcorrosion. Factors ?Brtainin9 to the me~f.~ctors pEr-- - .,taining to the medium,factors pertaining to external

influences. Pro~~tion of met~ls. MeL,ods pertaining tomet",ls, method pI>rt"ining to externi'll influences. Passi-vity of metals, passivity theories, Eleetrochemici11

passivity.Ref.II ?uper 491 to 503.

5) INORG_""NIC POLYMERS I

Basic concepts and .definations, classific~tion of poly-mers. Comparative study of organic and inorganic polymersClassification of inorganic polymers, ~olymer back-boneHomoatomic ~olymers, POlymers con~ining a, 51. and P.Fluorocarbon. h~teropolymers. silicones, phosphonitriliccompounds, PON polymers, BOLazole ~nd.its deriv~tives.

Ref.4. Pages - 1 to 19.6) MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF CHEMIC\L SUBST.'\NSE3 I (6)

Import~nce of magnetism in transition element chemisttyExplaination of the terms magnetix moment, magnetic sus-ceptibility. Types of magnetism- paramagnetism, diamagn_etism, ferromagnetism, antiferromagnetism and ferrimag-netism. Curie l~w curic-weiss law, Variation of magnetic.. .susceptibility with temperature. Use of magnetism in thedetermination of' s~~ucture of complexes , Guoy method,Spin only formula. Determination of numbe~ of unpairedelectrons in a complex.

Ref.5. Pages 633 to 644.Ref.6. Pag"s 527 to 535.

7) CO-0RDDI:,TION CHEMISTRY:

a) Double salts, chelate, complex, formation const~nt,b) Werner's theory.-stereochemisty .of Werner'_s com_

plexes with co-ordination number 4 and 6, Geom~~ric~land optical isomerism.c) Sidgwick' S theory_E.,}) con.::ept.Limi t;;\tion.of sidg-

wick model.d) Valence bond theory - Hyrridi"ation 2nd sh2pe of

complex. Structur~ Gnd magnetic ~oment o~ complexes.Limitations of V.B. Th~ory. Inner and outer orhitalcom?lexes.e) Crystal field theory - ~ssumptions. Applic3~ions

o£ CPT to octahcdr"l. te~rahedral, square ~laner andtetragonal complexes, CFSE, Evinenve of CP3E ~nd its .6

I••• 5 •••

•calculations. Magnetic moment of metJ.I complexes, crystal _.•.•.

field spectra, Jehn Teller distortion with reference"f'octahedrcl complexes, Spectrochemical series, Neph_mauxeticeffect, Limitations of CFT.

f} Molecular orbital theory_ Molecular orbital energylevel diagram for oetahedrO'I com'Jlexes such .'J.3

(Ni(NHj) '6)2+, (COF6)-3, (co(CN)6)-3 without lI-banding.

Charge transfer spectra. Effect of "-bonding in comulexesdefinition of ligand field theory, Comparison of V3T. CFTand MOT.

Ref.5. Pages_ 425 to 471.Ref.7. Page5- RelevAnt ~ages.Ref.S. Pages- 23 to ~6.

8) CHEMISTRY OF i-BLOCK ELE~reNTS: (12)

a) Lanthanides - position of lanthanides in the periodictable. Lanthanide contraction, effect of lantbanide contrac_tion on chemistry of IQnth~nides ~nd post lanthanides.Occurrence and seperation of lanthanides by ion exchangemethod and solvent extraction metbod. Applicntions oflanthanides.

b) ~ctinides - Position of actinides in tha periodictable, ;,cti';:ide's'and their electronic configuration, oll:i_dation states, General methods for preparation of tr~nsur~anic elements, Nuclear fuels.

Metallurgy of Thorium I Occurrence and extraction fromthoria and monazite sand. Preparation of met~l by electrialmethod. Van-hrkel method. Physical end Chemical properties.Use of thorium in gas mantles, as ouclear fuel and inatomic energy.

Ref.l. pages '" Co '" and 406 to 416,Ref.g. Pages "9 to 882.Ref.lO.Pages 727 to 731.

REFERENCES I

Ref.l. A new concise Inor~anic Chemistry, 3rd Edn by J.D. LeeRef.2. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, hy Cotton and Wilkinson.Ref.3. Concepts and Models of Inorganic chemistry, 1970.

by Douglas and Daniels.Ref.4. Progress in Inorganic Chemistry, by Lappert and Leigh.Ref.5. Advanced Inorganix Chemistry, by Cotton and Wilkinson.Ref.6. Theorotic<.llPrinciples of Inorganic Chemistry, 1992,

by G.S. M=ku.

Ref.7. Theorotical Inorganic Chemistry 2nd Edn, by Day andSelbin.

Ref.S. Co-oridinntion Chemistry, 1St Indian Edn, 1979,•••7

II" ' I, \-•.•• 7 •.••

"\;:' by F. Basoio and R; Johnson.

Ref.9. Advanced Chemistry of Rare elements. 1975.,by Saty~.Prakash.

Ref.l0.ri Text-hook of Inorganic Chemistry.by ~.K. De. (Wiley Estern Lts.) 6th Edn.

Ref-l1i~n Introduction to electrochemistry by 3.Gledstone2nd Edn.

p'''per VII ( orgunicSECTION_I

Chemistry )

{ FI::<ST TERM)

1. Structure, Reactivity and Mechanisms. (8)a) Conjugated systems.b) Benzene and ~rom3ticity~cJ Necessary conditions for delocalisation.d) Factors affecting electron availability.ej Inductive effects, Time vclria~le effects (Electromeric

effect) and Mesomeric effect.f) Hyper.conjugation.g) Sterie effects.

h) Tautomerism.

RefI.Peges 11 to 28.

2. Strength of ,-.eids and Bases. (10)

hcids end pKn values, bases and their pkb v01ues.

<lndPyridine )Aliphatic and aromatic b~ses.Heterocyllic bases ( PyrroleRef.l • Pages 53 to 74.

a) Introduction~ 1~eQries of acid~ and bases.b)

c) .Origin of acidity in organic compounds.d) Factors affecting ~trength cf Acids and Bases.e) Simple aliphatic acids.f) Substituted aliphatic acids.g) Phenols and aromatic carboxylic acids.h) Dicarboxylic acids.i)

j)

3. Nucleophilic substitution a~ saturated C~rbon;a) Relation between kinetics ~nd mechnnism. SN1 &

mechRnisms.b) Stereochemical Implice.tionsof :.mcochanism.1) SN2 mechanism; Inversion of configuration.ii) Determination of relGtive configuretion.ii+) SN1 Mechanism: rp;c~mjs~tion,

••• 8

:~, .'".", '-

I ,'••• 8•••

iv) SN1

Mechanisml retention of config"r<ltion.

01

iIiii

iii)

Factors affecting'nUCleophilicctians.

Effect of solvents.Effect of structures.Effect of entering group.

substi tution ~.rea_

iv) Effect of leaviu7 group.

Ref.I- - Pages 77 to 92, 96 to 99.

4. Bliminatiun Reactions(81

a) Elimination reactions.b) El, E2, ELCB mech'mism.c) Stereochemistry of Slimin~tion E

2•

d) Orientation in E2 ana El, Saytzeff and Hofmann.e) Elimination Va Substitution~

Ref. I Pages 246 to 262.

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Diazo_

in other aromatic compounds

IpsO-substitution.Electophilic substitutionnaphthalene, pyridine, pyrrole •.

5. Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution.a) i'riedel craft's alkylation <lTId acylation,

coupling reactions.b) Orientation in rnonsubstitutp.d benzene.01dl

Ref. 1- Pages 141 -ru 150, 152 to 156, 161 to 163.

SECTION_ II

6. Electrophi1ic addition to C=Ca) ~ddition of Halogens.b) Effect o~ sustituents on rato of 8dditions •

(6)

. cl Orientation of addition.d) Other addition reactions.11 Hydr<:ltion

iii 'Hydroxylationiii) Hydrogena tioniv) Ozonolysis.

Ref •.,- Pages ns to 194,

7. Nucleophilic addition to C=o (10)a) Structure and ReactiVity.b) Addition of water, alcoholS'N~~ls, Hydrogen cyanidE

NaHS03, hdride ions Li~LH4,r~luminium isopropoxide.Deriv~tives of ammonia.

c) Carbon Nucleophilic addition ,_i) Carbanion formation stability,

••• 9

,.,'.,ii)

iii}iV)

0)

••• 9- •••

G~ignard's reactions,Aldol conden'sations.Perkin condensations.Claisen condensations.

Refl 1- pages 203 to 230

8. Natural Products

Terpenoids & Alkaloids : Introduction; Classificationgeneral methods-for structure determination of termpe_noids & alkaloids Study of Citral & Atrapine withrespect to structure determination and synthesis,

(8)

> ~ >

\./

,

j62.»Ref.II pages m to 358, '" to"Ref.II Pages 696 to 705, 721 to 726."

9. Spectroscopic methods (24)

]',) Introduction I

i) Meaning of spectroscopy, Nature of electromagneticradiations, wavelength, frequency, energy, amplitude,wave number and their relationship: Oifferent unit ofmeasurements of wave length frequency. Different region,of electromngnetic radiations.

ii) Interaction of r~di~tion with matter excitation of malecules to differ~nt energy level such as rot~tional vi-brational and electronic waves.

iii) Types of spectroscopy and advantages of spectroscopicmethods.Ref. III, IV, V, Relevant pages.

B) Ultr~ voilet spectroscopy Ii} Introduction, Nature of uv curve, Beers l.~w, absor",ti<

of uv by org2nic molecules le~ding to different electrcnic excitations ( 6 _ 6 , " n, n_ 6; n- " )

ii) Terms used in uv spectroscopy, chrbmophore, AuxochromeBathochromic shift, HyPoochromic shift, Hyperchrom~cshift,

iii) Effect of conjugation on pOsition of uv band.Calculation of ~~ax by WOodward & Fieser Rules fordienes and enones, Colour and visi~le spectrum.

Iv) ~pplications of uv spectroscopya) Determination of structure.b) Deterrninntion of stereochemistry ( Cis and trans )

Ref. III, IV, V, VI Relevant piOgCS.

• •

I,

•••10•••,

.'--'-

spectroscory, Pun-of vibrrrtions,

c) Infra_Red TR Spectroscopy

11/ Introduction,.princi;:,les of of IRdamenta). modes of vibration. Types. .,condition for Olbsorption ::>£ r:, r"diarions,

spectrum, FUDd~mental group region, fingorp",rts of IRpJ:int r8gioo.

2) Charact~ristics of Infra_red absroption ot tho follow_ing groups.

a) Alkanos, Alkanes. ~lkyrtos.b) .•lcohols and Ethers.0) :.ll<:ylhalides.

dJ Carbonyl compoun~5. (_CPO, C:O, -COOR, -~OOH )e} Ivnines and :~id~s.£) l,romatic compounds, :md their substitution pattern.

3) Effect of the following factors On I~ absorption.Inductive effect, Resonance effect, Hydrogen bonding.

4) ~pplication of IR Spectroscopy.a) Determination of structure., Identification of fun_

ctional groups.b) ~tudy of chemical r~actions.c) Hydrogen bonding.

Ref. III, TV, V, VI, Relevent p"ges.

DJ NMR Spectrd~copy.a) Introduction, principles of NMR spectroscopy, m"gnetic

and non-m~gnetic nuclei without mathematical details.

b) Nuclear resonance, chemical shift, molccul~r structur,shielding and~~-shiclding, Measurement of chemicalshift (6scale 0nd '[scale) TMS as reference and itsadvantage.s.

c)',Pe"k arei) ( integration) , Spin-Spic cour,ling ( peaksplitting) Coupling c"nstant. J v'llue (only first orccoupling to :be discussed.)

d} Application of NMR 3pectroscopy.Ref. III, IV, V, VI, rtelev~nt P'lgcs.

E} Spectral problems b~sed on UV, IR and NMR.Relevant problems from Ref. III, XV, and v.Spectral datu such 'lS m.x vnlues, IR frequencies undchemicul shift und coul,)lingconst'llltshould be providEto the stud ..nts.

••.11

••. 11••.

R8fercnce Books t

mochi'lPiSrn."

,J- I_, A g~idc book to reactionby Peter & Sykes.

II I Organic chemistry by Finur.

Vth nod-VI th Edi-tion.

~-v--th-Edition.

1111 Organic Chemistry by Morrison & BoydVI th 8di tioD.

IV 1 Spectroscopic methods in org~nicchemistry.

by Willieffis FlemingV I Spectroscopy of Organic com-

pounds,by P.B. Kalsi, Wiley Eastern.

VI I Org2nic Chemistryby Pine.

--------

•

IV Edi tioD.

V th Edition,., - - --

..

Pl~ER_VIII(,\NhLYTI~\LSECTION

1) GPJWlMETiUC '-.Ni,LYSIS I

CHEMISTRY )I (First Term)"

(10 )

Commqn ion effect, Solubility product. Com~letenessof precipitation, Complex ions, Effect of Geids, temp, nndsolve~tupon the ~olubilityof prccip~tate.~~rs~tur~tionand precipit0te formntion. co-precipit~tion./Precipit~tionfrdm hQmQgeneous solution, Filter,"tion,"'W(lShing,'drying Qndignition of the ~reciDit~te. ThermogrQvi~etric method of<lnalysis.

Ref. I. Pages- 23 to 34, 402 to 415.2) ORG.->NICPRECIPIT,'.NTS USED IN INORO,\HrC J,N:,LYSIS I (8)

i) Dimethyl glyoxime. ii) Cupferron, i~i) Cupron,iv) AlphQ-nitroso_B_nopthol. v) 8-HydroXyquinoline.,

t..dvantages and drawoacks of these reagent"'.Ref.l. Pages_419 to 429.

3) SOLVENT EXTR~CTION I (10)

Principles of ~olvcnt ~xtraction, distribution coefE.

distribution ri'.tio,rel,:>tionship between"dJ.stributic,n coeffand distribution ratio, factors affocting extrat~6n, extra-ction efficiency, the percent ~xtractc~, solvent extrnction

•• 12

••• 12•••

methods, Ion aS50ciation :::"m;>lc.xes'lnd fQrm".tion of o:he- --!laros ( metal ~ht:l",tcs)the s,-peration fL'.ctor,selectIveextraction of mct~ls, multiyle extraction, derivation ofan expression Eer tho sulute remaining uncxtracted.Techniaues of solvent axtrction 1 B~tch extraction con-tinucous ext~acLLon, c~untur_current extraction ~nd Craigextraction, ~dvantages of solvent extraction and itsapplica.tions.

Problems ~n the s"lv<;nt extraction.rtef.2, P"9;:'s-425 t" 4.'0.

4) CHJOILTOG7!..PH',:

Principl'-'uE :;',romto'1r0phy, mC1tch box m--'c.cl,types of chrcmatcgr~phy, study of chromatography techni_ques such "'.scolumn, ion-exchange, size-exclusion, gas-liquid, paper an~ thin layer (TLC) chrom~to9rnphy.

Column chromatogranhy 1- princi~le, dimensions of column,packing of the column, loading the sareple, elution andanCllysis of eluates,Ion exchan~e chromatogranhy _ Principle, cation exchangeand anion exchange resins, separation of met~l ions onanion exchanger resins, separation of ~mono_~cids, ne _ionisation of water.

Size_axchusion chro~~tography- Principle, types of gel, ~the exclusion limit, mech"lnism of moleelll.,rexclusion.Gas-chromatography_ Gas-solie chromatography, principlesof ')'\s-liquid chror.h,togF'phy, techniqllGS of GLC, ?rincipl,and working of thermal conductivity detector and flameionisation detector.

Ref.2, Peges_441 to 459, 477 to 4S1.

5) Techniques of Semimicro QU''llit£ltivc,",nalysis (4)Semimicro <1pp"r.',tus"nc semimicro 'n<;llytical

opGr~tions. (except enlcul,-t'.ns for contrifw;:re",nc.cal.cul1'\tionsof volumes of l,reoipi tnting ngents) Cleaning of"pparatus, spot.,]:'l,tes"nel -;L' ryreaction 'J-1per,semimicronp;;>aratus.

Ref.3, Ptlges_ 165 to 18S.Ref.6, p,ge~_ 248 to 257.

SECTION - II ( Second Term)

1) COLORIMETRY ••NO SPECTROPHOTDMETRY 1 ( 12)

Principles uf colorimctry_ Nature of radiation,inter action of radiation .nd m~tter. Essenti",l terms ab-sorbance, ubsorptivity, radiunt ,owe', transmittance etc •

••• 13

"

•• 13•••

-~Beer's law nnd L2mbert's law. FactQrs governing, absorp_tivity -~) tempcr,ture b)

vintions from Beer's law.solvent. 0) w8velength. De-~dclitivity of absorbance, 51-

mult~neous determination, visual colorimetry, std. soriesmethod, du~licQtion mct~od, dilution method, bnl~ncinJmet.'ctod.

Trace analysis, ultimate precision, some oX?erimentalap,-,lications, l,bsor;~tion me,'Buring instruments_essential

oom?onents of a colorimetor, Oifferencc between colorimetorand spectrophotometer, Filters, monochromators,advClntages and drawbi.'lcks. Dector devices such .,5 b"r-rier

717.78

174.

toto

144 to

pages-paqes_Pages-

Ref.4,Ref.5,

layer 0011. photo tube and 'lhotomultiplier tube, Fhotome-trio instruments. Only single beam instruments are ex-pected.

Ref.1,

2) NEPHELOMETRY.l.ND TURBIDIMETRY I (4)

Introduction, turbic'lime-tryand colorimetry, nephe-lometry and fluorimetry, chOice between nephelometry andturbidimetry. Theory, instrumentation and applications ofnephelometry ~nd turbidimetry.

Ref. 5, Pages_ 380 t~ 390.3) POTENTIOMETRY I (10)

Brief mention of electrode potential, Werst equationfor electrode potential, various types of electrodes like

"hydrogen electrode, cclomcl eloctrode, silver-chlorideelectrode, quinhydron electrone Gn~ glass electrode ~oge-ndroff compensation method, ~H_ meter, Potentiometrictitrations_ theory. acid-base, oxidation~ reduction ondprecipittation titrat' .os. hpplications- determination ofcopper, chromium and manganese, determination of ferriciron ,",ith EDT.C,.

Ref. 1, PClges_ "6 to" 575, m to 584, m to '"596 to 610.Ref.- 4, Pages- 66' to 670, 680 to 687.Ref. 5, pages_ 455 to 461, 666 to 687.

4) 1?OL.-.ROGR:>PHY, (08)

Pol~rogra1?h, polarisati~n of alectr0dcs, volt~ge-current ch~r~ctoristics, characteristics of micro-electrodsupporting electrOdes, residual current, limiting currentdiffusion current. IIkovic equation, p~lurogrFphic m~ximu~h~lf wove potential (Deriv~tion of expression for half

••• 14

- -- ,,-...•.•.•.... , -

••• 14•••

wave potential not expected)•-~

~ancil12ry equipment for polrrogr2phy, mercury droping'~electrode, ,olarngruphic cells, muximum sup~ressors.

h;;",}!icnti<:ms_Deterr';.nution of h~_lf W"'lVO:;:>otentii'.lsand ~oncentrctions of Cd, Zn ~nd pm_ inns in KCL solution.

Ref,l, PdgesRef. 5, P,'1ges-

632

'"656489.

5) FL.-.M;;: PH01'011ET:<Y I (7)

such .7' qu,'lit,~tiVG ."n-<1ysis ~nd qu:mtitativeRef. " Piiges 8;0 R 826.Ref. 5, Pilges '" tc' 376.

Principle, instrument~tion, instruments, application'ln3.1ysis.

6) ,'.TOMIC.\B30RPTION SPE:::TROSCOPY I (7)

Principle_instrumentation_ radiation sources, chopperburners, nebulisers, monochrom"tors detectors, Instruments.Interferences betwoen flo:me photometry 2nd ilt0mic :tbsorp_tion '"pectroscc>py._'pp1ic<,tions su;;h ''-Squalit"tiVQ nndquantitctive analysis, determination of met~llic elQmentsin biological samples.

Ref. 5, Pages_ 321 to 342,

~eferenco Books:

Ref.l. Vogel's Textbook ~f qu~ntitQtive Inorganic ~nQlysis.By Bassett, Donney, Jeffery and Handhum, 4th edition

Ref.2. hnalytic~l Chemistry.By G.D. Christian, 4th edition.

Ref.3. ~ Textbook of Mlcro 'nd Somimicre qualitative 1nor_gcmic :.n01ysi8.By,..!. Vogel, 4th edition.

Ref.4, Instrument,,1 Methods '.;fChemic"l ,\n~lysis.By Willard, Merritt, De~n & Settle, 6th edition.

Ref.5. InstrumQnta1 Methojs of ShemicQl .ill~lysis.By ChiltWQ! and ~n~nd, 6th edition.

Ref. 6. '-.dv"1needExperimant:ll :!:norgcmie,.Chemistry.31' J.N. Gurtu 'md K-'poor, 1983 edition.

"'*'k*******

•• 15

P:.PE1{ -IX (

.•• 15 •••

INDUS?ll.I-'.L CHEJ-IlSTf'.Y)

SECTION- I ("First Term)

(>,

I

'\.;

1. (e.) Gcmeri:llaspects of im'lustri,1.l-chemistry ;

Introduction, chemical ~rcduction, r"w m~tericls,unit processes, unit oper~tion , qu~lity controlprocess c~ntrol, Economics of chemical procoss,chemical process technology, clGssific~tion ofchemic~l re~ctions, botch ond continuous cperationiIndustrial chemicGl r~"ctions, converstions, sele-ctivity ~ndyield.

(b) Pollution nnd its controL in chemic~l industries (3)

Introduction;Types of pollution,_ air pollution, w~ter ?ollution,solid wasta. disposal problems, Thermal pollution,soil ?ollution, noise ~ollution.Pollution contral_ ~ir pollUticn control, waterpollution control. solid w"stes.Important pollutants from fert-illzC'!r,_sugar, -fer-mentatio~, Dyes, SOups and Deterg~nt indus~ries.Ref. 1 to 10 Relev~nt pages.

Ceramics; (10)

Introduction, clnssification, classificetion ofrefractory m2terials, b~sic r~w m~terials.for cera-mics, outlines of ~rocess of mwnufncturing, processof ceramics nlongwith f~owsheets, Manuf~cturing pro_cess commonly used j,ncer.-u-nicsmc:teri'o.l,Body pre_p"r',tion, forming pro,-,ess,dry ?rocess :me'_ dustpressings( r low sheets), extrusion, forming from50ft plastic molases, Stip c~sting, ceramios fini_shing, drying of ceramics w~re fixing of ceramics,wure, glil.ze,enamels, cernmic,carvides, ferroele_ctric nnd ferromagnetic cerFlmics,-,pro':)ertiesnndappliciltions.Ref. 1 PagesRef.2. PClgC'!S«ef.3. Pilges

173-188.92-112.149-166.

3. Cement Industry: {08}

Introduction, classification of cements, manuf"c_ture of ~artland cement (dry and wet process), be-nificil.tionby floatation, b~rning operutions, sett-ing and h"-Tdning, tre2t~ent of clinkers, storage andpucking of cement, •••16

I"

special cement.

••• 16 •••

•-Ref. 1 pages

Ref.2 p"'gcsRef.4 pages

188-192.170-181.

156_165.

4. Sugar Industry;(07)

Introduction, me.nufactura of acme sugar, extr.1cticm ofjuice, compound inhibition process, cl~ssificntion, limedefection process, ~l~ssificution by sulphit~tion. 21~ss_ificiltion by carb0n<lti..~n, evc:rl:JoTi'\ti:m to m<:tke sym',. cry_

stal1iz~tion, curing of c-n~ sugar, tre0tment of m01~ssos.~ and B refining of r8W sug~r. flow sheot, recovery of Donech"'r, utilization :;Jf b"-<]ilSSC, 11f1Ill,lfacturc of bC,1t sug,:<rte~ting and estimation sugar.Ref.l pages 337_351-Ref.] pages 553_565.Ref.4 pages 506-516.

5. Fermentation Industry;

•

(7)Introduction, alcohol ferment~tion, uses of ,:,Icahol, ~1_coholic bever~ges, theory underlying p~oces5 of ms~ing~lcoholic bevcr~gesl m~nuf~cture of beer, m~nuf~cturc ofspirit, ~lcohol from berrt sug~r, cane sugar mol~sses, dis_tillation of fermented wort, theory of practical distill_ation Coffey's Gti:ls, rectified spirit, dbsolute alcohol,fused oil, proof spirit; denatured "lcahol, mchcanism ofalcohol fermentation.

Ref. I.pagesRef. 3p'lges

216-238.578-596. related topics.

6. Petroleum Industry:(10)

a) PisoDvery of Petroleum, origin and reserves.b) Exploration methods.c) Ni'ltureof pctroleum_ composition of crude uil.d) Refining of crude ~etroleum_des~l~ing and distill?tion.e) Cracking processes, Reforreing.f) Improving g'lsoline lJy 'l'Hit'-'nsemr1 rGuctions _'mtiknock

c.:..>mpounds.g) Petrochemic"ls_Vnri')us product. ol)tained from meth:J.ne,acc_

tylene, propylene, benczenc, phenulin th", form of flow_sheets only.

. •• 17

"•.•17•••

h)Refin~ries in Indi~- Loc~tions, productions, cotlsum-ptions nnd economics.

Rof 1 3 'nd 9 Relev0nt "agoo •. ~_,.w <'

Section, II (Second Term)

7. hrnrncni~,Sulphuric ~cid, Nit~ic acid, Urea an~ Tri-(10)pIe Supervhosrh~tc.

a) Manufacture of NH3 Harber ~rocess, modified Eoseh-Harber process.Ref. 1 pages 100 _104.

b) Sulphuric acid_ Contact process'.,Ref~ pages 133-143.

oj Nitric acid '- Ostw~ld process.Ref. 1 pages 105-108.

d) ManUfacture of Urea and Triplesuperphosph~te,.Ref. 1 Relevant p~ges.

8. Glass Industry , (8)

Physical properties o.f glass,' classific,,-tion, chemicalproperties, effect of different constituents in glass.,principle row materials used in monuf~cture of glass,chemical rea~tions, m~nufacture of gla55, shaping,annealing finishing of gl~ss, Sporical g1~S5. fibre 91as5Ref. 1 p~ges 160_171.

9. ~trochemic~l Industry.: (06)

a) Electroplating, Plating equipm~nts, .cleaning, arti-cles to be Dlated, factors affectin~ the nature ofelectrodeposition, Chromium plating.

b) Electrofefining of met~ls. General Principles, Ele-ctrorefining of ~Qpper.

c) Electrometallurgy from the electrolysis Of fusedelectrolytes Gener~l principles,'electromctallurgy Of"luminium.Ref. pagcw.

•••18.

,••• 18•••

10. Dyes.

11)Colour, colour "nd chemiC1'\lconstituti')n.

Chromo?horos, ~uxochr~mos, g~thchromic Gnd Hyps_ochromic gr"ups.

b) Dyos.- NOffienc12turc. classification according to thairconstitution, 2nd mode of ~~plic~tion.

c) Synthesis 'md uses of f'"llowing dyes.

~ethyl orange, can, red, Srichrome Dl?Ck T, Crystalviolet, phenol"hth<:tlein, Indigotin.

Ref. 3, 7 Rolev"nt p~ges.11. Drugs and Pharmnceutic~ls.

a) Introduction to chemoth~rlJpy, qualities of gaDd drugs,clnssification, functional' 8nd chemot~erlJPtic drugs.Menning of the following terms with one ex~plG cach:\.no1g831c, l.ntacid, 2\ntibiotic, l.ntihiswminc, .'.nti_~rihitic, ~nti-infle~"torYI Antiobesity, C~rdio_va_scul"r agent, c8ntr~septive agents, c~ugh und coldpreparations, diuretics, LQx~tivcs, psychophorcceuticnlsscd~tives, Hypnotics, sul~ha drugs.

"ef. 3, 8, 9, 10 ~elevant ."1ges.b) Synthesis i:md uses of f:..>llowing.

Xylooaine, Ben"dryl, .•nti;.>yrinl!!,Paracetem"l, ::Jul_phadizine, Beqzocnino.

Ref.lD Relev<lnt page:3.

12. Soa ,s nna Detergents. (7)

Intro~uction, Moaning of tho term sGap and detergents~aw materlQl, Surfactants, StrQigh ChGl? alkyl ben_zenes, FQtty aci:"s tlna "lc,)h"ls, Builder, ,dditives,M2nufacture of detergents~ fl.owsheet, soap manuf<lc_ture, typic~l soaps.

Ref.3, 529-549 nelev0nt ?~ges "nly.

Nob?; In all ",buve to?ics chc''llicJlengineering c:spccts-:lrenot expected.

References I

Ref.l I Indu.~tri,l Chemistry by R.K. D.'s II 1976.Ref.2 I Elements of cer8mics Nort~n II Ectition 1974.Ref.3.1 Shreve's che~ic~ls Processes Industries, George

l.ustin V th Edition.Ref.41 Chcmic~l ?rocessess Industries, Shreve Gnd

BrinJ<:-.4th !edition 1977.• •• 19

• Orgilnic Chemistry, I.L. 2inar VQl. ,.• Organic ChGmistry, I.L. Fin2.r VoL H.

• Riegel' 5 HandbrJok of Industri"l Chemistry •

I

• • •• 19•••

Ref.S ; Polymer Science, V,R, Gow~rik~r_ 1986.Rcf.6 I Org0nic Chemistry, Morrison Boyd 5th Edition 1989.Ref.7Ref.SRef.9

So_-" Kent 1974.

Ref.IOI Syn1~etic organic Chemistry, G.~. Chatwal.( Himalaya Publishing House )

Paper X ( Optional} Nuclear Chemistry.Section I - First Term.

1. The ,,\toroie Nucleus'l (4)

c Nucleus and its properties, ClassificationNuclear stability and factor affecting thestability •

.Ref. 1. p"'gcs -3 to 14 "-nd 20 to 23.

2. Nuclear MOdels:

of nuclides,nucLJi1r

(8)The shell model; The periodicity in nuclear properties,

•salient features of shell medel, merits of thc shellmodel, The Liquid drop model. Semi -empiricRl m~ss equ_ation, applicntion of semiempric~l binding energy equ-ation.Limit~tions of liqurd ~rop model.Ref. 1. pagGs 51 to 57, 65 to 74, and 74 to 79.

Problems on the above topic.

3, Radioactivity:,

Types of radioactive decay, Decay schemes, G8nGr~1characteristics, Decay kinetics, Alpho ~ctivo nuclides.The range nnd ionizing power, Energy spectrum; Gcigcr-,Nuttnl1's l&w, ,Theory of alph~ decay. Beta decay: typesof beta decny, hbsorption ann range through matter,Energotics and spectrum, neutrino, fermi theory of Betadecay, ( mathematical details are not expected) G,~maemmission: Nuclear iscmerism, isomeric transition, in-ternal conversion, The ~uger effect.

Ref. pages 91 to 126.Ref.3. pil.ges358 to 363.«ef.1. p"ges U7 to 1'13.

" (12)

••• 20

4. Nuclc3r Rp2ctions I

•• 20 ••

~12),

(8)

Bothe's n~t8ti0n, types of nuc1e~r reActions, con_scrv~tions in nucleAr reDctions, specific nuclc~rreactions : Photonucle0r re~ction, Thermonuclc;r re~~ctivns, re0ction cross section, The compound nucleusTheory.

;;<cf. 1. Pagcs 148 to 163 and 168 to 183.

5. Nuclcor Fissionsl

The precess of nucle~r fission, fission fr~gments,tlleir m,-'ssdistributi'.>n, chargc distri':>uti':ln,fis.'lionenergy, fission cr~ss section end Thresholds, fissionneutrons, Theory of nI.jclc"lrfission.Ref. 1. P,~.g",s 186 to 202.

-..,-----

Section - II, ( Second Term.)

1. NucleDr reactors I

Fission energy, The nntur2l uranium r00ctor, Thefour foetor formul~. The cl~ssificntion of reactor.Power, ~esearch cnd breeder renc ors, nuclear re~c_tors in Indi~ , Reprocessing of &~ent fuels.

Ref.l. Pngas 209 t8 224.

2. Detection and measur~mcnt of nuc~car radiations, (10)

specific iuniz"tion, bchnvi':ur of ion_ pairs in "le-ctric fields. The innizAtion chembers, propGrtion0lcounters, Geiger Muller co'nters, Scintillation coun-ters, Semi-conductor detector.

-Ref. 2 Poges 198 to 203 And

3. '-'cmlicntions of r1l.dioClctivitYI211 to 222.

Typic~l reactions involved in the preparDtion ofradio isetopes, The Szilard_Chalmers re~ction, Rnrtio_chemic.'.lprinci;>les in thc.use of tracers physicchemicol, fm."llyticF'lap"lic"1tion.(1) Isotope dilutiun "lnalysis.(2) I,eutron ".ctivcoti'm"In<,lySis.(3) E."ldiometric titr'tion •

.4e determination, medical npplic~tion, agricultureJpplic,J,tion,industri'11 'p'lic1l.tions.

•••21

,--- ----------------------------~...,, ,

••• 21 •••

ao£. 1. P"'ges 226 to 276.

4. Ri1diation Chemistry: (12)

Intcr~ctiDns of ri1di~tions with matter, p~ss~geof neutrons through mntter, .• Units for measuring

radiation ebsorption. Radi~tion dosimetry. Radio_lysis of w~ter, Free r~dicals in w~ter radiolysis,Radiolysis of some ~q.solution, Time scele ofradio lytic event.

5. Radiation surety precautions,

Ref. 1. P'lges 284 to 307.

,.,Biological effects of radiation, s~fety standards, s~feworking methods.

Ref. 4, Pages 322 to 328.

ReferenCE ,

Ref. 1.

Ref. 2.

Ref. 3.

Essentials of Nucle,r Chemistry by H.J.

l\.rnikar •.

Sourcebook On enerfy by Semual Glasstone,

III, rd Edition.

Nuclear physics by Irving Ki1plnn II nd Edn.

Ref,- 4. Introduction to NucleiJr Physics cmd Chemistry.

by a.r,. HClrvey.

5[.'P*

c~nt••22

LJ~.::~.iL~-=-B_j.C'?J..~IOJ'1:l:,)(I), PO.I£QlEE.•...cjI,;;!l:c~~.f:!3.:".':.CTH'cQ.RY),•

Brief hi-sLory, rolymeTs ..DU,ini tiun-Frcp<:re.t.ion. CICl8Sifi_

cction Vol~cu12r forc~s nnC chemical bonding in pwlymcrs.Ref; 1, Pag~s 1 to 14.

2.(12 )

Intro<':l.lction, Chil.i.l'p.:!.lymcrisQtion. Frco redic~l polymer1-

Bab.on., Ionic P"lynJ",ri.s...:.tion Co-ordimti.n pol:7flCrisaticn.Step polymcris"t~,-,n. ,<ing openinC polymerieation.

Ref , 1, Pagos ~5 t<, 64.

3.(6)-

BUlk-polymeri~iltivn, S(~ution p~l:rmoris~ticn. Suspensionpolymorisiltion, Emulsion ~olymcris~tion.Molt ~oly-'condcnse.tiun. Se lutier: Pc.lyc0IIdcnsati.,n. Lnt=£'-".cialcondGnsat~on, Sillic;llt £Ci-tur",S "f diffGrcnt polymaris<ltLnt",chniqlli:!s.

Ref; 1, Pages 71 tc 79182 ti 84

- •••• , •• , •• n ••••••••••••••••••••••• _•••••••••••••••••••••••• _

(2)Hh'"t _is g1"":';::: t:-~_u",jj- i_e E t=pcruturc-_?

Fa.ctors inf]ucnciw 1.0:1,--,:;lil::'[; tri:'osition temI'cr<\tuI"cs.Impcrtancc '.of <;lnss t::::-"nsi-:.i'Jn td:lPCI"C'.turo.

R~f l~ F~gLS 150, 163-167,171-172.5.

(8 )

Polyethylene, >:)lyprol :,l.onc, Polyctyran~, Polyacrylo_

nitrite. Polyvinyl chl~ride, Tcfl~n. Phonol-FGrITk.1d~hude.P01.yurcthEr,3.s. PalysteI"<;, MelCllninc fcrmilldchyd:;l rEsins,epoxy pn).ymcrs LOC'sil.ir_(Jn,:"~.

6.Ref : 1. Ch~pter 9 - r~lsv~nt lA~gcs.

(4)Fillers, C"Il~,ling,"SLnts, Pli'.st-iciscrs a.ntioXida.nts,H"",t st<l.1Jil5.z-"rs,Ultrdviolet stcbi1.izars, f1<-unc

retarc1"rs. coL,urcnts_ c:::"oss linking "'<;;.::nts.~liscollnnious.nd,:itives.

Ref, 2, p"'Gcs~71 _ ~75

Cont •• :23