Izvestaj o Stanju Zivotne Sredine 2003-2004

2003. 2004.

, 2005.

:

1

3

3

- 4

5

7

8 10

11

12

12

13

- 16

20

21

24

25

31 35

37

39

43 44

48

48

50

54

55

57

60

(SO2) 61

64

67 71

73

75

84

85

87

() 88

93

95

98

108 109

110

115

152

163

164

165 166

168

169

176

177

180

182 183

184 187

190

192

196

197

- 200

201

202

205

207

208

208

209

211

( ) 211 212

213

2003 - 2004. 215

224

227 233

235

236

237

240 242

243

246

248

249

253 254

255

258

259 262

262

269

274

278

281 284 In situ 286

Ex situ 294

295

296 297

298

299

-Brucellosis 299

301 -Trichinellosis 301

302

304

(AIDS) 305 308

309

310

312 315

1

, , - . (, , , ) , ( , ), ( ) ( , , , ). (, , ). 2002 11 80 , 15 (Mc Glade, 2004). .

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3

2003. 2004.

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5

. , , . -, 41 52' 46 11' 18 06' 23 01' , 88.361 2. . , : (21 506 2) (10 887 2). 1999. , (). , , .

1. .

, - . , - (, - ). (2 656m ..), (2 168m ..).

7

o . , , , . , . (, , ).

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, , . : (); , , , , ( ); ( ).

8

:

3.

, , . (,

9

, ) . , , .

Anti et al.1982, , .

4.

5,113.307 ha 66% . (3,343.916 ha 65,4%). 3,321.148 ha, 1,762.094 ha , 53,1%, 1,792.159 ha , 1,581.822 ha 88,3%.

10

( 2003. 1,204.000 ha), (612.000 ha), (200.000 ha), (131.000 ha).

27%

66%

7%

5.

27% . 64,3% (59,6% 4,7% ), (30,5%) (6%). . 235 m3, 6,2 m3.

. () . , . , .

( ) . , , .

( 41 50` 42 12`). . , .

11

(ppen, 1923), : ( C ) ( D) , . , . . ( ) . a , . (, , , ) .

(Thornthwaite, 1948), ( ) , () .

, - , , , .

, , 1000 . ( ) , () .

. . . . , , , . 1000 . .

, 1961-1990., 10.1 C. , 3.0 C (1710), 11.9 C (132).

, , , . .

12

-1.3 C; -6.0 C 0.4 C . , 19.9 C; 11.6 C, 22.2 C. 22 C; . -38 C () 44 C ().

, , 1961-1990. 734 .

, 535 550 2. , 600. , , , , 650 . , . , , 800 850. , 2000 1000 . . 800 .

. . 1, , 85. , 120 130, , .

, . , , . . ( ) , , . 60 100 , 6,5 3. 350 , 60 48 . (2021. .) 107.563 l/s.

13

6.

, . - .

Koji, Popovi, Karadi (1997) . ( , ) . Salicion albae Populion albae . - Aceri tatarici-Quercion.

14

7.

Quercion pubescenti-petraeae Quercion frainetto. Quercion petraeae-cerris.

( 500 1000 ...). Carpinion betuli Fagion. j e, .

, Vaccinion uliginosi, Bruckenthalion spiculifoliae Pinion mugi.

. Festcion rupicolae, Festucion vaginatae. , Puccinellion limosae, Juncion gerardi, Puccinellion peisonis Festucion pseudovinae. Molinietalia coerulae Hordeetalia .

15

( ),

, ( Festucetalia valesiacae, Astragalo-Potentilletalia, Halascyetalia sendtneri), Cynosurion, Arrhenatherion elatioris Bromion erecti. Pancicion, Nardion strictae, Potentillo ternatae-Nardion Deschampsion caespitosae. , ( Festuco-Seslerietea) ( Juncetea trifidi).

16

-

, - . (2003), . , .

- . 2004. , , ; , ; , . ( , 2004.). (2004.) . , - .

2000. , . , . (2005.), () , 20% 2000. 14% 2002. .

, . , , , , , , .

17

. , , .

91,8% 2001. 10,1% 2004. . , . . , , .

- , , , . (2005.), 9,3% 2001. 15,8% 2004. . 1,5% 2001. 3,7% 2004. . . 2004. 2000. , 2,4 .

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

.

8.

, , . . , , , 117,6% 2000. 34,6% 2004. .

2002. 2,4 . (2003), 2288 . , 2002.

18

10,6% . , 7,8% , 14,2%. 2003. 10,5%. , . , .

7,68,1

23,1

5,64,88,4

42,4

,

9.

( 15%). , 2000. ( ). 2003. 31,8%, 20,2%. 2004. 31,8%. . 75% , 33% , 42% . ( , 17 , 2004.). 15-24 ( ).

( ) , 20,0% 2000. , 29,3% 2002. .

19

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

%

%

10.

2000-2002. , , . 0,762 2000. , 70. . 2001. , 0,768, 75 , 2000. . HDI 2002, 0,775. (Human Development Index - HDI, : , )

0.755

0.76

0.765

0.77

0.775

0.78

2000 2001 2002

11.

20

, . , 2002. 7,498.001 ( ). 1991. , 7,576.837, 1,1%. 12 .

0

50

100

150

1991 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

12.

, . , 2002. 40,2 . 69,7 , 75,0 .

, , 51,4% (2002.). , , , , .

21

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0

1986 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

13.

, , 1999. 2000. . (2005.), , . .

, , , , , , 24,2% , , (, , ). 2002. 2,521.190, 1991. . . ( 4,2 1948. ., 3,1 2002. .) . 4.706 . 2002. , 169, 3,6 % . 57% , . , (56,8% 1991., 56.4% 2002.).

, , , . , ( ), , . , , .

22

, , , ( , 2005.)

, , -, , - - , , , , , , , . , , 1991-2002. . , , , , .

, .

, , , ( ), 2002. 1991. . ( , 2005.)

80

90

100

110

120

130

140

1991 2002

.

e

15.

90-, () .

2003. 376.392 , . , , .

23

, . ( , 2005.).

, . , . , , 2002. , ( ) 593 ( 285 ), 250.000 . 100 5.000 . : 43,5% (); 34,3% ; 34,1% 51,5% .

( , , , , ). ( , , )

, - - , ( , ).

, : ( 2003.) , . , . , . , (1996.) . (2004.) , , , , . : (2004) (2004).

, : ; ;

24

; ; ; , ; '''' ; ; , . ( , 2005.).

. ( ) . - , .

, . , . . . ( , 2005.)

25

14. ()

, , , , . '' 2015. '', ( - 4,62%/.)

26

.

02468

101214161820

1990 1994 1998 2002 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015

mil. kg.en

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2kg.en/$, 1994

(109 kg. ) (kg./$,1994)

16.

(kg.en - kg )

: , , , , . , , , . 2003. 37,49%, 2004. 45,79% .

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1990 1994 1998 2002 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015

M. t

en

17. .

(ten - )

,

. , . ,

27

2,58 mil.toe ( ). , . 0,4 mil.toe. , 0,18 mil. Toe (Naumov, 2005).

, , , , , .

. : , , , , , , . 19% ( ). () , . ( 0,9 kg./$), .

. (TE TE ), 3.160 W, 160.000-190.000 S2, 38.280 Nx 50.000 . , 1007 W, 150.000-165.000 S2, 8.000 Nx 13.000 .

( ). '''' (96,3 99,0 %), '''' (99,6 99,8%), '''' (98,32-98,50%). 2004. 5 , EU . - 2 1 2 .

( ) . , 2003. 3 2 .

28

18. (Naumov, 2005).

6 8 . 1100 ha .

, . , , . 2004. - , 2006. .

29

, 47% , 16%, 10%. , 56% , 24% () 20% . , 2002. 32% . , ( ) 40 % ( ).

, S2, S Nx, . 43 6600 W. 55%. 1200 , (, S2, N2) . , . , ( ). .

, , S2, Nx C2 ; C2; ; ;

; ; ;

3C. .

: , .

, , . , ... I II, 9 .

30

, , , ., . , , ( ) . , . , , , . , . , , , . , . . , de facto , . :

;

, ;

, - - .

31

, , , , . , , , , , ( ). , , : . , . , , , , . , , . , . , , , ( 60% 1990 2000.), .

1990-2003.( 1990 =100)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

19. .

2001. , : , , . , 2003. , 3,0% 2002. . , 0,8%, , 2,3%, 4,5%,

32

76,23% ( ). 2003., 2002. , 4 , 38%, : , , e , .

2004. 7,1%, 2003. , (9,6%), 80,7% , , 2003. ( , 2005.)

6,4

80,7

12,9

.,

20. .

. , , , . ( , ). (, , .) , . , 90% .

(2005),

: (Lafarge, ), -Holcim () Titan ();

; : (

), US Steel (), (), ( ), ( ), (), (), (), , , , ;

33

: (), (), ( ) ();

: ( ) ().

:

21.

. , :

S2, Nx, , , , , , .;

, , , , , , .;

;

, .

34

22. ( , 2004.)

14001 - 1995. . 14001, 30 . - 14001, 20 .

35

, , , . , . , 2004. , .

. , . 3%, . 20 . ( , 2005.)

. 0,35% 0,7% . , , , . , .

. , , ( ) , , ( ) , , , , , ., (, , .) , , , . , , .

, 2004., .

36

( =100)

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2000. 2001. 2002. 2003.

%

,

23. .

. . .

, , . . . :

170 , 1,4 1,7 700 .

10 . ( ) 20% . 1991. 1.700 . 1992. .

: , .

. 100 .

37

,

( , , 2) ;

; ; ; ;

.

( , ).

, . , .

( ), , . , , , 50% , ( 40 /h). 2000. , , , .

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

2000 2001 2002 2003

2002

.=10

0

..

23. .

, . , 40.845 , 1,8%

38

. 383 . . , .

2003. 3.809 . 32% . . .

959 . (588 ), (207 ) (164 ) (, 2005). , -- . , , , . . : . 75% 90% . . 1999., 1.237.045 . , . S2, C, Nx, 3, . (- ). 90% C, 80% , 50% Nx, 50% , 10% N2, 40% 15% C2 . - ( ). .

() (

C, Nx, , , 3);

;

; , ,

; (, , );

.

, . . , . ,

39

, , .

" , " 1982. . . , , , . ( , 2005.) . , - ( , , , .).

, , , , ( , , , ), , ( ), . . ( , , 2005.)

, , . , :

, , ,

, (

, . ).

, , ( , , , , .)

, .

40

, . . ( , , 2005.)

24. . ( , )

, 2003. 1,997.947 1,658.664 339.283 . 6,684.592 , 5,892.890 791.702 . , 2002. , 9% 7% . 2004. 1,971.683 , 1,579.857 391.826 , 15% 2003. . O 6,642.623 , 5,791.564 851.059 , 5% 2003. .

41

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

2003

2004

25. 2003. 2004.

2003. , 85.634, 34.661 39.241. 2004. 85.867, 36.088 39.799, :

0

10

20

30

40

2003 2004

26.

2003. 158,423 USD, a u 2004. 220,781 USD. ( ) , . , . , , .

42

, , .

, : , / ; ; ; ; ; . . : , , , , , .

, , . :

- ( , , ).

, .

- ( ),

( , ).

44

. ( 1).

N2 78.08 %

O2 20.94 %

Ar 0.93 %

CO2 0.0360 %

Ne 0.0018 %

He 0.0005 %

CH4 0.00017 %

H2 0.00005 %

N2O 0.00003 %

3 0.000004 %

1

, ,

( 27). . 16 , 8 . 80% . - . ( 20 C). ( 6.5 C 1000 ). -56.5 C.

45

11 50 . 19.9% . 20 5 , . , , .

27 . . .

, . , , (CO2), (CH4), (N2O), (O3). , . , , .

46

, .

, 15 C , , -18 C. , 33C .

, , .

1750.

1995.

280 ppm 360 ppm 29 % ,

,

,

0.70 ppm 1.70 ppm 143 % , ,

,

280 ppb 310 ppb 11 %

-

0 900 ppt

.

( )

.

2. 1750. .

47

,

, . . 240 nm. .

, : , , , (Morrison, 1989, UNEP, 1991, IARC, 1992, Stiling, 1996).

, (--, - , , , , ), (SF6) (Fisher, 1990, Prather and Watson, 1990, US EPA, 1990, WMO, 1991). Kurylo and Rodriguez, 1999; Prinn and Zander, 1999, Butler et al., 1999 . 1928. , General Motors Corporation, . ( , 12,5C), , ( ), , (, , ) . , , .

Cl + O3 >>>> ClO + O2

ClO + O >>>> Cl + O2

100 000 .

1987 ( ) 1996. 2010. . ( , - , 6-96),

48

( , 2/2004).

. . CFCl3, CF2Cl2, CF2ClCFCl2 CH3CCl3 .

(CFC) , 1986. 2.250-2.800 . , , CFC 1986-1990. . . , 1994. 900 . CFC. .

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

27 .

. ( ) .

49

. (Popovi et al., 1994, Jovanovi and Popovi, 1994, Popovi and Jovanovi, 1994, Popovi, 2002) .

1951 2004. 27.

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

GODINA

NO

RM

ALI

ZOVA

NO

OD

STU

PAN

JE

27 , 1951-2004.

19 ( 1985. ), 14 , 9 , 3 , 2000, .

, 1951-2004 0.66 oC/100 () +1.76 oC/100 (). , , , . +0.6 oC/100 . . , , . 54 1.4 oC/100 .

50

1951-2004. 1991-2004

28. . o C/100

, 1991-2004 . 1991-2004 1951-2004.

2003. ( 29), 2003. . -1, 2003 . 2003. . 2004. , 2004. .

19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0

42.0

42.5

43.0

43.5

44.0

44.5

45.0

45.5

46.0

-0.8 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.0 1.4 1.8

TIPO_05

19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0

42.0

42.5

43.0

43.5

44.0

44.5

45.0

45.5

46.0

2.0 4.5 5.5 6.5 8.0

TIPO_05

51

29. ,

1951-2004.

23 ( 1981. ), 12 , 8 , 3 , 2000, . 11 , 3 .

, . , , .

, 1951-2004 1991-2004, 30.

-5

-4

-3

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005GODINA

NO

RM

ALI

ZOVA

NO

OD

STU

PAN

JEE

52

1951-2004. 1991-2004

30. %

. , . , , , . , 1951 , , .

, 1991-2004, . 30 . % 1961-1990 10 . , -3.9 % 23.8 %. 1991-2004, , .

(, ), , . - . ( - , . 1-90)

19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0

42.0

42.5

43.0

43.5

44.0

44.5

45.0

45.5

46.0 PALIC

KIKINDASOMBOR

ZRENJANINN.SAD

VRSAC

S.MITROVICABEOGRAD V.GRADISTE

LOZNICA

S.PALANKAVALJEVO NEGOTIN

C.VRHKragujevac

CUPRIJA ZAJECARPOZEGAZLATIBOR KRALJEVO

KRUSEVACIvanjica

NISKOPAONIKSJENICAN.PAZAR KURSUMLIJA

DIMITROV.LESKOVAC

PEC PRISTINAVRANJE

PRIZREN

.

.

-30 -15 -5 0 5 10 17

TIPO_05

19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0

42.0

42.5

43.0

43.5

44.0

44.5

45.0

45.5

46.0

-5 0 5 15 25 35

PALIC

KIKINDASOMBOR

ZRENJANINN.SAD

VRSAC

S.MITROVICABEOGRAD V.GRADISTE

LOZNICA


C.VRHKragujevac


KRUSEVACIvanjica

NISKOPAONIKSJENICAN.PAZARKURSUMLIJA

DIMITROV.LESKOVAC

PEC PRISTINAVRANJE

PRIZREN

.

.

TIPO_05

53

( - , . 16-90), . , ( - , . 2/90). 1997. .

CO2, - ( ) .

. . , . , . , .

27% , . , .

55

. . , (USEPA, 2003, , 2002). , , (WHO, 1992, USEPA, 2003, Environment Canada, 2005, , 2003).

. , , ( ) .

. . , . , , .

(Persistent Organic Pollutants) , , e e . . , . , () , .

. , . , , . , , .

() (, , , , , , ), , , , , , .

56

( , , , ) ( , , , , , , , , , ). .

: ( ), , , , , , , , . , , . . . , , , , , , , , , .

: , ( ), .

( . 135/04), , , ( . 54/92), , ( . 30/97) ( . 5/2002).

, 2004. 2005. ( 48/2004), :

; ; ;

;

; ,

; , .

() ,

57

, , , , ,

- . .

, . , , . 50 50 , . 31 SO2 , 1999-2003.

58

SO2, 1999-2003. ( Gg )

SO2 2003. (: 1999-2003.)

. .

32 NO2 , 1999-2003. , , , .

PALIC

KIKINDASOMBOR

ZRENJANINN.SAD

B.KarlovacVRSAC

SR.MITR.

BEOGRAD V.GRADISTE

LOZNICA


C.VRHKragujevac


KRUSEVAC

NISKOPAONIKSJENICA

DIMITR.LESKOVAC

PEC PRISTINA

VRANJE

PRIZREN

.

.

19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0

42.0

42.5

43.0

43.5

44.0

44.5

45.0

45.5

46.0

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

PALIC

KIKINDASOMBOR

ZRENJANINN.SAD

B.KarlovacVRSAC

SR.MITR.BEOGRAD V.GRADISTE

LOZNICA


C.VRHKragujevac


KRUSEVAC

NISKOPAONIKSJENICA

DIMITR.LESKOVAC

PEC PRISTINAVRANJE

PRIZREN

.

.

19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0

42.0

42.5

43.0

43.5

44.0

44.5

45.0

45.5

46.0

-80 -50 -20 0 20 50 100 150 200

59

, NO2, 1999-2003. ( Gg)

, NO2, 2003. (: 1999-2003.)

PALIC

KIKINDASOMBOR

ZRENJANINN.SAD

B.KarlovacVRSAC


LOZNICA


C.VRHKragujevac


KRUSEVAC

NISKOPAONIKSJENICA

DIMITR.LESKOVAC

PEC PRISTINAVRANJE

PRIZREN

.

.

19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0

42.0

42.5

43.0

43.5

44.0

44.5

45.0

45.5

46.0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

PALIC

KIKINDASOMBOR

ZRENJANINN.SAD

B.KarlovacVRSAC


LOZNICA


C.VRHKragujevac


KRUSEVAC

NISKOPAONIKSJENICA

DIMITR.LESKOVAC

PEC PRISTINAVRANJE

PRIZREN

.

.

19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0

42.0

42.5

43.0

43.5

44.0

44.5

45.0

45.5

46.0

-80 -50 -20 0 20 50 100 150 200

60

( ) , . .

31. 2004. 2005.

( 48/2004)

, ,

61

( , 54/92 30/99).

. , ; . , ; ( ), ( ), - .

, , , , , , , , , , , (, , , , , ) (, , , .).

(S2)

,

. , . . , . , (Fleischer et al., 1993). - 1.

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 17 28 21 27 26 15 20 21 21 23 .. 78 95 91 89 102 60* 88 94 94 111

1. - 1995 - 2004.

2003. - (43,98 mg/m3) (41,54 mg/m3), 2004. - (47.6 mg/m3) (26.23 mg/m3). 150,0 mg/m3 .

62

2003. - (3.53 mg/m3) (6.30 mg/m3), 2004. (0.0 mg/m3) (2.68 mg/m3).

2003. - () (150mg/m3) 0,0 % . , , , , , 5.87 6.57 . 2004. - () (150mg/m3) 0,0 % , , , , , , 13.15 % .

- (S2) 1995-2004. . (mg/m3) 32 (,).

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

mg/m3

0102030405060708090

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

mg/m3

38. S2 ( mg/m3 ) 1995 2004,

63

, . 33 (,) SO2 () , 1995. 2004. , .

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

% a

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

% a

39. (,) S2

64

, . : -- , -- , , , . -- . .

1995. 1996. 1997. 1998. 1999. 2000. 2001. 2002. 2003. 2004.

17 28 21 27 26 15 20 21 20 26

.. 78 95 91 89 102 60* 88 96 93 104

2. .

2003. 20 93

, 2004. 26 104 ( ). , , 15 (2000.) 28 (1996), 60 (2000.) 104 (2004).

2003. (58.64 mg/m3) (55.55 mg/m3), 50,0 mg/m3 2004. (31.3mg/m3) (29.88mg/m3), 50,0 mg/m3.

2003. (6.70 mg/m3). (7.00 mg/m3) , 2004. (5.00 mg/m3) (6.7 mg/m3).

6. 2003. () (50,0 mg/m3) 0,0 % 41.1% .

6. 2004. () (50,0 mg/m3) 0,0 % 18% .

65

34 (,) 1995-2004. . (mg/m3)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

mg/m3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

mg/m3

40. (,) (mg/m3)

66

1995. 2004. 35(,)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

% a

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

% a

41. (,)

67

, 10 m, . . 10 m - , , : , , , .

1995. 1996. 1997. 1998. 1999. 2000. 2001. 2002. 2003 2004.

23 28 22 34 27 25 27 22 23 27

.. 145 175 127 172 151 105 148 141 132 124

3. 1995-2004.

2003. 23 132 , 2004 27 124 ( 3). 22 (1997 2002.) 34 (1998.), 105 (2000.) 172 (1998)

2003. (355.8 mg/m2/) (312.7 mg/m2/). 9 200,0 mg/m2/. 2004. (336.5 mg/m2/) (333.16 mg/m2/). 11 200,0 mg/m2/. 2003. (6.08 mg/m2/) (112 mg/m2/), 2004. (10.17 mg/m2/) 83.93 (mg/m2/).

1995-2004. (mg/m2/) 36(,).

68

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

mg/m2/

g/m2/ g/m2/g/m2/ g/m2/ g/m2/ g/m2/ g/m2/ g/m2/ g/m2/

g/m2/

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

g/ m 2/

mg/m2/

36 (,) (mg/m2/) .

2002-2004. 4.

69

2003.-2002.

2004. 2003.

4 2002.2004. .

2002 2004.

,

70

- (, , , , , , ) - (, , --, ,, ) - (, , , , , , , )

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

10 11 14 14 17 8 12 10 10 11

.. 40 46 75 80 88 43 44 36 46 49

5. 1995-2004. .

2003. 10 46 , 2004. 11 49 . (15), 30,6% .

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

. - - - - 6 - -

2

8 8 14 15 15 20 15 15 15 15

1 1 1 - - 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1

- - - - 3 - - - - -

. 3

- - 2 10 3 - - - - -

2 2 2 2 5 - 4 4 4 2

1 1 - - - - -

- - - - 4 4 - -

1 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 1

6 4 6 6 6 - 2 2 2 2

12 12 20 18 18 - 12 12 12 12

1 1 1

2 2 2 2 2 - 2 2 2

1 2 2 1 2 - - -

- 6 6 7 7 7 1 6 6 6

- - - - 3 - - -

2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3

6. 1995-2004. ( )

71

2003. 2004. :

(, , , , , ) (, , , , ) () (, ) (, ) (, , , .

)

2003.

23.0 mg/m3 283.4 mg/m3 2004. 19.00 mg/m3 449.9 mg/m3 . 200,0 mg/m3 .

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

NH4 (mg/m3)

37

2003.

11.4 mg/m3 43.5 mg/m3 , 2004. 4.0 mg/m3 45.75 mg/m3 . 60,0 mg/m3 .

72

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

NO2 (mg/m3)

38

2003. 7.87 mg/m3 43.2 mg/m3 , 2004. 8.75 mg/m3 50.8 mg/m3 ( 7). 2004. 50,0 mg/m3.

1995. 1996. 1997. 1998. 1999. 2000. 2001. 2002. 2003. 2004.

31.0 31.0 - 54.3 37.5 34.8 - 31.2 43.2 50.8

2.0 6.4 6.5 3.3 3.3 -

73

a, ( ), , , ( ). , : 10 m (P 10) 2.5 m (P 2.5). .

( , , , ). 2003. 126.9 mg/m3 196.7 mg/m3 2004. 34.24 mg/m3 467.4 mg/m3 . 70,0 mg/m3 .

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

(mg/m3 )

39.

2003. 2004. :

(, , ) () () (, , ) 1,2- () ()

74

() (, , , ) (, , )

.

1995. 1996. 1997. 1998. 1999. 2000. 2001. 2002. 2003. 2004.

43.0 16.0 - 2.4

75

2003. 2004.

:

, , , , ,

, , , , , , . , , , , ,

, , , , (6+) . . , , , , ,

, , , ,

21.85 mg/m2/ ,

76

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

(mg/m3/)

41. 1995.-2004.

(mg/m2/ )

2003.

0.003mg/m2/ 10.94 mg/m2/ 2004

77

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

(mg/m3/)

42.

1995.-2004. (mg/m2/ )

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

PM10

43. 1995-2004. PM10 1999. .

78

(6+) 2003. < 1.0 mg/m2/ 65.9 mg/m2/ 2004.

79

2003

80

(6+) 2003. 2004. < 0,01 mg/m3 . 2003. 2004.

81

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2001 2002 2003 2004

45. (mg/m3).

, 2003. 0,0 mg/m3 18.0 mg/m3 . 2004. 2003. 0,0 mg/m3 9.0 mg/m3 .

0

5

10

15

20

25

2001 2002 2003 2004

46. (mg/m3).

, 2003.

43.0 mg/m3 113.0 mg/m3 2004. 0.08 mg/m3 90.3 mg/m3 .

82

1000 mg/m3.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2001 2002 2003 2004

47. (mg/m3).

2003. , 4.0 mg/m3 58.0 mg/m3 2004 2.7 mg/m3 19.3 mg/m3 . 2.5 mg/m3.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2001 2002 2003 2004

47. (mg/m3).

83

2003 2.0 mg/m3 293.0 mg/m3 2004.

84

2003. 2004. , , , , ( 12).

1995. 1996. 1997. 1998. 1999. 2000. 2001. 2002. 2003. 2004.

(mg/m3)

7.20 8.50 7.90 8.32 8.85 - - 6.65

3.20 3.70 1.35 - - 3.12 3.40 2.39

20.70 - 0.50 - 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.0

- (mg/m3)

0.12 0.13 0.124 0.128 0.134 - - 152.91

45.75

11.40 0.095 0.098 - - 11.92 12.57 30.79

1.20 - 0.20 - 0.018 23.70 34.00 34.0

(mg/m3)

0.010 0.006 0.011 0.024 0.018 - - 0.0074

4.67

3.90 0.004 0.012 - - - -

- - - - - - -

(mg/m3)

1.32 1.70 2.00 1.20 2.50 - - 1.555

0.17

9.53

0.20 0.050 0.20 0.0 0.1 0.10

(mg/m3)

0.014 0.023 0.035 0.030 - - 0.026

290.0

12. 1997-2004. .

85

2003. 0.50 mg/m3 3.40 mg/m3 2004 0.0 mg/m3 6.65 mg/m3 . 3,0 mg/m3.

2003. 12.57 mg/m3 34.00 mg/m3 2004. 30.79 mg/m3 152.91.91 mg/m3 . 60.00 mg/m3.

2003 2004. 0.0074 4.67 mg/m3 , 0,100 mg/m3.

2003. 0.1 mg/m3 2004 0.1 mg/m3 9.53 mg/m3 , 1,0 mg/m3

2004 0.026 mg/m3 290.0 mg/m3 .

:

2004.

5 : - , - , ( ), ( ). 6 38 -, 13 45 -, 15 49 , 4 11 8 10 .

14 49 (417 g/m3 50 g/m3). - 673,5 g/m3, - 650,9 g/m3 200 g/m3, 2002. .

. 2002.- .

86

Nissal . 6 (H2S) Nissal.

- . , .

2002. .

. , . , . , .

2004. , , ( ), , , , . . , , , (26-50 .).

. .

5 365 . , , 3 . 115 , 106 , 114 109 .

.

, .

87

, . , .

758 5, 4 4 .

760 , 10 , 4 , .

, 320 .

( ). , .

0 162 g/m3 .

(Pb, Cd, Zn) .

, , ( ), , .

, . 2002. , . , , .

, , , , - , , , .

88

2003. 3004. , , . - (, , ). . , , . , .

()

, , . ( ) . . .

(www.ec.gc.ca)

89

, , . . , ( ) , , , . .

. , . 1- 2%, 40 80 g/m3.

, . : 200 g/m3 , , , 250 g/m3

, , (GAWWMO) . ( ) , .

, 150 g/m3 .

UNECE ( ) 150 g/m3 50 g/m3 (9-16 ) (-).

, 110 g/m3 . , 180 g/m3, , 360 g/m3. 200 g/m3 65 g/m3 .

, , , , , . 54/92

, , . EMEP

90

(Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe).

, , .

- 2003 , 8. 9. 2003. 85 g/m3 ( , , , , . 54/92).

14. 2003. . 120, 150, 200 240 g/m3 . - 120 g/m3 . 22.04.2003. 128 g/m3 .

h d

>120

h d

>150

h d

>200

h d

>240

h d

.

g/m3

7 5

7 5

0 0

0 0

0 0

128 22.02.2003. 14. (h) (d) 120, 150, 200 240g/m3 2003. -

, 15. . . : , , NOx . .

* 48.9 50.7 36.9 40.7 21.7 15. (g/m3 ) - 2003. -

, , .

2003. - 59. , . ( 7h), ( 14 h). . ,

91

, .

59. -

2003. -

g/m3 , 60. , 2003. .

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

g/m

3

2003

60. 2003.

92

, 2003. 2004. , 61. . , , , Nx.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

g/m

3

2004 2003

61. 2003.

2004.

2003. . .

, , , .

. , , . , , .

93

, , , , .

, a- ( ), b- ( ) g . ( ) () . . 105 ). ( 104 ). ( 103 ), . (, , X-) , - (UNSCEAR, 1993). ( ) . .

- 2003. - : , -, , , ( , . . 46/96 - , . 45/97). 1m 24 . - - (0,1 mGy/h 15 mGy/h). ( ), (), , 24 , 300 m3 , 1m .

94

( ) ( ) . 90Sr ( ). Bq/m3 .

( , , , ), (), , -, , , 24 1m . , 90Sr. Bq/m2 . Jaa aooae oe aa aea a a 1m a oe a eea je oao eoa (ooa a) ao (ooa Oooo a). Jaa aooae oe aa aea a eaa e oo 2003. oe ea o 0.078 o 0.142 Gy/h a eo oo eo o 0.0847 Gy/h eoa ea o 0.079 o 0.144 Gy/h a eo oo eo o 0.0896 Gy/h ao. aaeoeja aaa oo ee oaa aa eoa, , a ajea oaje o aoa oo oea oa. Ao 137Cs je 2003. o a o ae eeje. Ao 7Be, ooeo aoa, eaa e o 0.5 mBq/m3 a o 1.68 mBq/m3 a . 90Sr 7.7 17.1 Bq/m3 , 6.1 54.6 Bq/m3 , 11.3 65.6 Bq/m3 4 84 Bq/m3 .

Bg_av Bg_max Kla_av Kla_max

Jan 0.0838 0.098 0.088 0.1

Feb 0.0829 0.096 0.089 0.098

r 0.0841 0.091 0.089 0.095

pr 0.085 0.094 0.09 0.128

y 0.0857 0.111 0.089 0.137

un 0.0853 0.107 0.09 0.099

Jul 0.085 0.142 0.091 0.119

ug 0.0856 0.103 0.092 0.129

Sep 0.0844 0.127 0.09 0.144

kt 0.084 0.122 0.09 0.14

Nov 0.0827 0.097 0.089 0.119

Dec 0.0875 0.13 0.089 0.113

13. ( )

95

aaeoeja aaa ee oaa eoa, , , , , a oaje o aoa oo oea oa. Ao 137Cs . 7Be < 4 Bq/m2 208 Bq/m2 , . 90Sr < 0.11 Bq/m2 3.49 Bq/m2 .

0.070.080.09

0.10.110.120.130.140.15

Jan Feb r pr y un Jul ug Sep kt Nov Dec

2003

uG

y/

h

Bg_av Bg_max Kla_av Kla_max

54. 2003.

2003. , ( - ), .

2003. 2004. , , ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) RF (Radio Frequency) , 43 . , (29 ), (3), (2), , , , , , , , .

96

: , , GSM , TV .

. ( ) (, , ). (. ) , , 1. , .

ELF (30 Hz do 2kHz)

Emax [V/m] Bmax [mT]

FON 1 2 0,02 0,2

10 50 0,4 18

18 mT , TS

(400kV) 3000 6000 0,4 4 6 kV/m DV 1,7 m

VN

TV 75 100 50 70 70 mT 30cm

RF (100kHz do 3GHz)

Emax [V/m] Smax=(Emax)2/ 3770

[mW/cm2]

FON 0,6 0,0001

GSM

8 - 11 0,017 0,032

i TV 8 30 0,017 0,240

14. 2003. 2004. ( : http://www.who.int/peh-emf/standards/en/) . RF , (

97

) ( ).

15 16

E

(kV/m)

B

(mT)

E

(kV/m)

B

(mT)

NRPB 1993. (.) 12 1600 12 1600

CENELEC 1995. ( ) 12

640

30 1600

DIN/VDE 1995.

() - - 21 1400

ICNIRP 1998.

( ) 5 100 10 500

15. ELF ( 50 Hz)

NRPB (1993.) IEEE (1999.) ICNIRP (1998.)

E (V/m) E (V/m) E (V/m) 600kHz 12MHz 600/f (MHz) 0,1-1,34MHz 614 0,15 1MHz 87

12 200MHz 50 1,34 - 3MHz 823,8 / f 1 10MHz 87/f 1/2

200 400MHz 250 f(GHz) 3 30MHz 823,8 / f 10 400MHz 28

400 800MHz 100 30 100MHz 27,5 400MHz-2GHz 1,375 f 1/2

800MHz 1,55GHz 125 f(GHz) 100 300MHz 27,5 2 300 GHz 61

1,55 300GHz 194 - - - -

MHz MHz

16. (RF )

98

E2 [V/m]2

. E [V/m]

S [mW/cm2] 30 MHz 300 GHz

3770: 5 =754 27,45

0,2

17. 30 MHz 300 GHz JUS N.N0.205 1990.

15 16 14, (ICNIR), , .

,

. (, , ) . , 20 25% . , , .

. 24 48 . .

. . . .

.

. ,

99

, (IAA).

01. ( ) ( ). 24 (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ).

( ). (Taxaceae / Cupresaceae) , (Betula sp..).

63 2003 2004. . ). .

100

63. ( Betula sp.)

2003. 2004.

( 64) .

101

64. 2003. 2004.

( Plantago sp.), (

Rumex sp..), (Urticaceae). , . .

102

65. .

Ambrosia artemisiifolia.

, . , , , , , , , (, , 2004, 2005). , .

103

. . Ambrosia artemisiifolia , , . :

,

.(Koji,1986)

66

AMBROZIJA

50%

BREZA30%

TRAVE20%

66. .

2003. 2004.

, . , . 21 22.

104

1. 2003.

3

.

/3 12 23 15 44 496 520 11 118 230 14 26 25 42 1056 666 10 225 163 ,

68 75 71 1203 4483 2983 124 462 758

25 24 23 153 409 351 19 111 121 18 43 33 663 13494 1245 359 2401 210 31 47 54 388 3147 760 49 486 141 64 65 57 1062 7887 1550 143 1216 87 54 67 56 1461 1943 1530 220 177 123 57 63 53 3795 5990 10108 334 1340 1349 50 42 53 830 573 2841 89 58 477 16 28 21 498 1671 881 126 327 240 27 20 30 340 383 410 68 88 60 39 51 41 1159 1302 2175 150 169 416 78 71 63 997 681 1078 168 55 135

87 87 89 595 983 932 40 66 39 156 176 163 1109 2633 3386 60 66 125 64 51 93 212 217 1975 17 24 181

104 119 102 466 468 440 43 19 28 50 65 77 149 288 248 16 33 13 152 155 149 6099 9580 12195 183 300 385 ,

125

127 126 954 1440 2219 43 52 79

82 84 75 785 1017 1165 51 80 86 118 113 118 4500 12090 16162 287 755 1654

25 23 27 2045 4105 1276 681 837 270

21. 2003.

105

1. 2004..

3

. /3

36 39 28 271 559 172 40 256 24 44 42 35 969 1614 1477 285 546 512 ,

86 78 89

3285 1831 4467

395 279 934

18 34 21 216 223 250 58 67 50 30 35 29 2349 5335 537 1360 1291 89 39 30 33 688 604 272 53 250 64 51 49 52 501 1439 593 91 215 48 28 52 65 660 524 785 146 52 159 51 56 58 2556 1438 1707 269 201 162 47 39 54 516 203 662 65 23 85 31 27 28 262 719 1662 33 195 428 42 34 45 2514 422 1126 387 84 180 33 37 42 623 415 581 78 51 50 73 65 69 298 321 522 15 21 110 56 66 58 355 387 229 25 31 18 166 171 171 2261 1892 2022 84 99 67 50 51 87 192 298 1189 19 36 100 96 115 81 215 441 133 10 19 6 38 56 53 95 89 113 8 7 7 144 149 150 8104 8345 7816 273 229 262 ,

114 93 92

531 429 448

22 17 15

85 81 61 632 588 437 58 35 37 99 87 83 3343 5866 4616 319 472 462 25 34 30 1668 2288 2738 240 355 642 22. 2004.

67, 68 69 ( 2003, 2003 2004). ( 30 m3 ).

106

9 1 0 11 12 13 1 5 16 17 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 22 23 2 4 2 5 2 6 28 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 33 34 3 6 3 7 38 39 4 1 4 2 43 4 4 1 3 4

3 1 7 3 2 3 5 2 3 7 5 4 5 1 5 1 3 2 7 6 2 3 2 1

3 6 1 2 5 3 2

1 2 4 4 3 4 4 7 4 5 2 1 2 1 1 1 1

2 1 1 2 2 4 6 2 3 6 7 7 6 7 7 7 1

,

3 7 5 3 7 7 7 6 6 7 4 2

6 6 1

:

4

1 1 6

7 3

2 12 5 6 22

5 4

12

51

77

26 2 4 2

2

14 2 7 35 40

VII V III IX XII I IV V VI

67. , 2003

8 9 1 0 11 1 2 13 1 4 15 1 6 17 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 22 2 3 24 2 5 26 2 7 28 2 9 30 3 1 32 3 3 34 3 5 36 3 7 38 3 9 40 4 1 42 4 3 44

, 3 2 3 3 2 1 6 3 2 6 1 2 1 2 3 1 3 4 2 3 4 6 7 5 1 3 3 3

1 2 4 3 1 1 5 5 2 4 5

1 2 3 1

1 2

1 1 5 7 2 3 5 7 7 7 7 7 6 7 4 , 1 4

1 5 2 1 7 6 7 6 3 5 1

4 7

:

4

68. , 2003

107

8 9 1 0 11 1 2 13 1 4 15 1 6 17 1 8 19 2 0 21 2 2 23 2 4 25 2 6 27 2 8 29 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9 4 0 4 1 42 4 3 44

2

1 5

, 1 7 3 4 2 3 1

2

3 4

4 4 1

2 1 5 3 2

3 3 1

5 5 5 4

2

2 1

2 5 6 3

2 2 3 1

2 4 3 2 3 5 1 2

3 6 7 5 7 7 7 7 2 6 6 5 6 7 2

,

1 3 1

3 3 7 7 6 2

2 6 3

:

4

69. , 2004

( , , , ) . , , . () , ( Radii et al., 2001).

. :

,

(, , ).

,

-

( ) ,

109

. - , . , , .

, . - . .

() ( , ), ( ). , (Baumgartner and Reichel, 1975, UNESCO, 1978). , ,

( , , , ). , , , , . , , (, , ) (Cresser and Edwards, 1987, Borg, 1987, Chevreuil, Chesterikoff and Letolle, 1987, Boesten and van der Linden, 1991 , 1999, 2003). / ( , , ). . ( )

110

() . . , . () (OECD, 1982).

, ( ), . . ( ), . .

( ), ( ) (, ). ( 176 m3 93%). 2 m3, 0.5 m3 . 162,5 m3, 178,5 m3 . 16 m3 .

a 62.

111

(2002), ( 63, 23).

63. . (Isailovi, Srna 2002),

. ( 23).

112

F Pb Qb Qn Pn Pi q h

(km2) (mm) (m3/s) (m3/s) (mm) (mm) (l/skm2) (%) 1 4609 565 83 4.33 30 535 0.94 5.2

2 4545 621 89 5.93 41 580 1.30 6.6

3 4235 575 77 4.04 30 545 0.95 5.2

4 4570 650 94 5.96 41 609 1.30 6.3

5 3894 657 81 8.55 69 588 2.20 10.5

6 3623 858 99 29.42 256 602 8.12 29.8

7 5445 746 129 24.92 144 602 4.58 19.3

8 3608 790 90 22.46 196 594 6.23 24.8

9 4751 737 111 33.5 222 515 7.05 30.1

10 3119 810 80 39.25 396 414 12.58 48.9

11 4746 856 129 41.9 278 578 8.83 32.5

12 5342 768 130 37.44 221 547 7.01 28.7

13 5915 768 144 47.34 252 516 8.00 32.8

14 1561 709 35 8.24 166 543 5.28 23.5

15 3136 750 75 24.41 245 505 7.78 32.7

16 3642 753 87 24.46 212 541 6.72 28.1

17 7413 711 167 45.04 191 520 6.08 26.9

18 4529 710 102 19.45 135 575 4.29 19.1

19 4820 704 108 16.69 109 595 3.46 15.5

20 4858 919 142 65.44 424 495 13.47 46.2

88361 732 2051 508.8 182 551 5.76 25.0

23 (Isailovi, Srna 2002),

23 :

- 732 mm. ( , , , ),

113

800 900 mm/., 550 650 mm/.

- 25%, 75% .

- , - 10% , , 45%.

- , 1 2 l/skm2 , 12 13 l/skm2 . , 40 l/skm2 (, ), 60 l/skm2 ().

( ) 8%, ( ) 92% . .

37.320 km2. : 16,7% , 15.850 km2 15.400 km2. 64-67 (Q min), (Q ) (Q max) (), (), () ( ).

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

1950-2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Q(m3/s)

Q.Q.Qa.

64:

(: )

114

0500

100015002000250030003500

1950-2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Q(m3/s)

Q.Q.Qa.

65:

(: )

0

2000

4000

6000

1950-2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Q(m3/s)Q.Q.Qa.

66:

(: )

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1950-2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Q(m3/s)

Q.Q.Qa.

67: (: )

0,26. 0,2 0,7 .

115

E

2003. 2004. . . , .

, . .

116

68.

, , , , . , -

117

. .

, :

( mg C/l H2O), (

), (

, , 5 20C),

KMnO4 ( 1 .

Liebman-u pH

0102030405060708090

I II III IV

2003

2003

2004

2004

69. 2003. 2004. (:

)

2003. . 2003. 2002. . o 2003. . .

118

( , , ) . . 2004. .

69 a 97 2003. 94 2004. .

: ( ), , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

, 2003. II ( . .5/68).

2 ( 70). () (III-III/IV) (5, , , ). : (III/IV), (III/IV), F (III/IV) n. 2004. , , , a II . , -, ( , IV III ), 5 (III ). 7.7-8.8, III/IV . III . , ( ) II , , III/IV . - II III , 5 (III ). - III . : NO2-N (III/IV ), (III/IV ), Fe (III/IV ), S2-, r+6 Mn.

, , , .

119

2003. , III () . . III/IV . .

405060708090

100110120130140150160

%(2)

2003

2003

2003

2003

405060708090

100110120130140150160

%(2)

2004

2004

2004

2004

70. 2003. 2004. (: )

2004. , III . III (), III . (NH4-N) (N02-N) II . Mn.

2003. , III . 2 III, IV , IV . 5 III .

120

: (III/IV ), S2- (III/IV ) n.

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

TOC (mg/l)

(g/l)

(g/l)

71. , 2003. (: .. )

2004. , ,

, . 2 III, IV (), III . , , Mn, S2-.

2003. , III . 2 IV , IV . : (III/IV ), S2- (III/IV ) F (III/IV ) n.

121

-5

-

pH-

I III I II III III I I I I III/IV II



II III I II IV III I I I I III/IV II

II III III I II III II I I I I III II

II III III I II II III I I I I III II

II III II I II III II I I I I II/III II

II III II I II II II I I I I III II

III III III I II III III I I I I III II


III III II I II II III I I I I III II

II III III I II III III I I I I III II

III III III I II IV II I I I I III II

III III III I II III I I I I I III II

III III III I II II I I I I I III II

III III II I II III I I I I I III II

I II II I II IV III II I I III III IIA

I III II I II IV II I I III III/IV III

II III I II - III II I I I III/IV III

I III II I II IV I II I III III/IV II

24. 2003.

2004. 2 IV , III . : S2- Mn.

122

-5

-

pH-

I III I II IV III I III I I III/IV II

I III I II II III I IV I I III/IV II

I IV II I II III III I III I I III II

I III III I II - III I III I I III II

I IV III I II III III I II I I III II

I III I II II III I III I I III II

II III I II II III I III I I III II

I III II I II II III I I I III III II

II III III I II II IV I I I I III II

II III II I II II III I I I I III II

II II II I II IV III I I I I III II


II III III I II II III I II I I III II

II II II I II II II I I I I II II

II III II I II II II I I I I II/III II

II III II I II II II I I I I II/III II

I III II I II II I II I III III II

I III II I II II II II II I I III III

I II I II I III II I I I III III

I IV III I II II III II II I I III II

25. 2004.

: ( ), , , .

2003. 2 . 5 III . ( III, III/IV ) 72. (III/IV ). ,

123

: F (III/IV ), (III/IV ), (III/IV ) n.

2004. , , II . -, (III ). 5 III . , III IV . (III/IV ) Mn.

04080

120160200240280320

(mg/l) 2003

2003

2003

2003

2003

04080

120160200240280320

(mg/l) 2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

72. 2003. 2004. (: )

, .

2003. , , . 2, 2 Mn III, IV , 5 III IV . (III/IV ), (III/IV ) (III/IV ). : (III/IV ) (III/IV ).

124

0,0

5,0

10,0

15,0

20,0

25,0

TOC (mg/l) (g/l) (g/l)

73. , 2003.

(: .. )

-5

-

pH-

III III III I II IV IV II I I I III/IV II

IV IV II I II IV II I I I III/IV II

IV IV III I II IV II I I I IV II

III III II I II III III II I I I III II

III III II I II IV III II I I I III/IV II

26. 2003.

2004. 2 2 III, IV , 5 Mn III IV . (III ), - NH4-N (IIMV ) - N02-N (III/IV ). : (III/IV ) Mn.

125

-5

-

pH-

II II III I II IV I I I I III/IV II II III III I II IV I I I I III/IV II

III III II I II IV I I I I III/IV II

III III II I II II I I I I III II

II III II I II IV II I I I III/IV II

27. 2004.

, -- () .

2003. IV . - (%2, 5, Mn ) III IV . : (III/IV ), (III/IV ), g ( ) n.

2004. . 2 2 III, IV ( ), -5 Mn III IV , III . , (NO2-N) III/IV . : Fe (III/IV), (III/IV ), (III/IV ), Hg ( ), ( ) Mn.

: ( ), ( ) .

2003. 2, 5 III IV , (III, IV ). : (III/IV ), F (III/IV ), (III/IV ) n.

126

2004. 2. 5 III IV , III IV . - NH4-N - NO2-N (III/IV ). : Fe (III/IV ), Hg ( ), (III/IV ), (IIMV ) Mn.

: ( ), .

2003. 2, 2 5 - III , III . (III/IV ). : (III/IV ) n.

2004. 2, 2, Mn 5 - III , III . - NH4-N - NO2-N (III/IV ). : Fe (III/IV), (III/IV ) Mn.

( ).

203. (III ). III/IV . (III/IV ), (III/IV ) n.

2004. IV . , 2 5 III . (III IV ). (NH4-N) (NO2-N) III/IV . : Fe (III/IV ) (III/IV ), r+6 Mn .

.

2003. , , . (III ), 2 (III ), 5 (III IV ) n (III, IV ). : (III/IV ) (III/IV ). , , , .

2004. IV .

127

2 (III ), 5 Mn (III IV ) (III ). a (NH4-N) III/IV . : Fe (III/IV ), (III/IV ) Mn.

. 2003.

( III/IV ). , , (III/IV ).

2004. III . (III IV ). , , Fe (III/IV ) (III/IV ).

. 2003. II/III .

- III . (III/IV ).

2004. II/III . 2, , , III . (III/IV ).

0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0

100.0

TOC (mg/l)

(g/l)

(g/l)

74. ,

2003. (: .. )

128

--

2003. () , :

-, , , I ( ) II ( )

-, - , -, I - , ,

, II II , , - , ( 1968. ). , 2 , . , .

-5

-

pH-

II III I II III I II I I I III/IV II

III IV IV II II II III I I III

III III IV IV III II III II III I I IV III

IV III II IV III I I I I III

III IV III I II IV II I I I I IV II

IV I II IV III I I I I II

III III II I II III IV I I I I III/IV II

III III III I II IV III I I I I III/IV II

II III III I II II III I I I I III/IV II

II II II I II II III I I I I III IIA

II II II I II III III I I I I III II

I III II I II II II I I I I II/III II

129

IV III IV II I I I II

III IV II III III II I I II

III II I II III II II I I I III/IV IIA

III IV II I II II II II I I I III II

1 III III I II II I II I I I III/IV II

2 IV III IV IV II I I I II

III III I II III II II I I I III/IV IIA

IV II II III II III I I II

1 IV II II IV III I I I I IIA

1 II III IV III II III III II III I I III/IV II

.. IV IV IV I II III III II I I I IV II

III III III I II II III II I I I III II


III III I II II III I I I I III/IV II

28. 2003. .

2003. 2, 2, 5 . (Mn II ), . : (III/IV ), S2- II ( ) ( III ), (III/IV ) n.

-5

-

pH-

III III III I II II II I II I I III/IV

IV III II II III II III I I III

III IV II II III II III I I

IV III III IV III I I I I III

IV IV III III II IV III I I I I IIA

IV IV III II IV II I I I II

II II II I II IV I I I I III/IV II

II II II III II III I I I I III II


I IV III I II IV I I I I IV II

II II II I II IV I I I I III II

I III II I II II III I I I I II/III II

130

IV III II IV II II I I I II

II IV IV III III IV II IV I I II

IV IV II II III II IV I I II

II IV II I II III I II I I I III/IV II

IV IV III I II II II II I I I III/IV II

1 III IV III III II III II II II I I III/IV II

2 II IV II III I I II

II III I II III III II II I I III/IV II

III II II II I I II

1 III IV III I II III II II II I I III/IV II

IV III I II II II II I I I III/IV II

III III I II III II I I I I III/IV II

1 III III III III II III III II III I I IV II

IV IV III II III IV II I I I

29. 2004. .

2004. 2 2. 2, 5 III, IV . (Mn II ), . ( , , , , , , , ) : (III/IV ), S2-, Fe(III/IV ), Hg ( ), r+6 Mn.

.

2003. 2 III-III/IV , 5 III . (III/IV ).

2004. 2 III, IV , 2 5 III . (NO2-N) y III/IV . (III/IV ) Mn.

131

0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0

I

II

TOC (mg/l)

(g/l)

(g/l)

75. ,

2003. (: .. )

.

2003. , . 2 2 , 5 n III . (III ). , : (III/IV ) , (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. 2 2 . 5 IV , Mn III IV . (III ) . , (III/IV ).

0200400600800

1 0001 2001 4001 6001 8002 000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

1

-

2

-

(g/kg)

132

76. 2003.

(: .. )

: ( ) .

2003. , . n, 5 III, IV . (III/IV ). : (III/IV ), (III/IV ), Mn -.

2004. . 2 III IV . Mn III , 5 III IV . , - NH4-N (III/IV), - NO2-N (III/IV ). : Fe (III/IV ), Hg (III/IV ), (III/IV ) Mn.

. 2003. :

2, 2, n , 5 ( III ), ( III ), (III/IV ). (III/IV ). : F (III/IV ), Mn (III/IV ).

2004. : 2, 2, 5 ( III ). Mn III IV . -NH4-N, -N3-N -N2-N (III/IV ). : Hg (III/IV ), (III/IV ), r+6 Mn.

: ( ), , .

2003. 2 ( 77) III, IV , 5 III .

133

(III/IV ). : Fe (III/IV ), S2- (III/IV ), (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. . 2 III ( 77), (III ) . : (III/IV ) S2-.

60708090

100110120130140

%(2) 2003

2003

2003

2003

2003

.2003

60708090

100110120130140

%(2) 2004

2004

2004

2004

2004

.2004

77. 2003. 2004.

(: )

134

-5

-

pH-

II III III I II II II I I I I III II

II II III I II II II I I I I II/III II

II III II I II II III I I I I III II

II IV II I II II II I I I I III II

III IV III II II II II IV I I IV II

II IV III II II II II I I III

. III III I III II III II I IV

30. 2003.

-5

-

pH-

II III II I II II III I I I I II II

II II I I II II III I I I I III II

II II II I II II III I I I I II II

II III II I II II III I I I III II/III II

II IV III II II II II III I III IV III

III IV III II II III II III I III IV

. III IV III III III II II I

31. 2004.

, ( ). 2003. 2, 2, ,

5 n III, III/IV . .

135

2004. , III . 2 IV , 5 III IV , Mn III . III . .

( ).

2003. 2, 2, , 5, n III, III/IV . .

2004. , III . 2 III , 2 III, IV , 5 III IV , Mn III , III . III . .

.

2003. . , , . 2, 5 III , 2 . III , III/IV . Fe (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. . , , . 2, 5 Mn III , 2 IV , III . NO2-N NH4-N III/IV . (III/IV), (III/IV), Cr+6 (III/IV) Mn, S2-.

: ,

, .

2003. 2 III . .

136

2004. 2, , III IV . .

2003. III . .

2004. II/III . 2 III , III . .

: . 2003.

(III ). S2- (III / IV ).

2004. , III . , , III . , , (III/IV ), , S2-.

-5

-

pH-

I II I II II I I I I I II/III II

I II I II II I I I I I II/III II

I III II I II II III I I I I II/III II

I IV II I II II II I I I I II/III II

II III III I II II I I I I III II

I I I I II II III I I I I II II

32. 2003. .

. 2003. ,

, . III . .

137

2004. II . , , , III . 2 III . .

-5

-

pH-

I III - I II II II I II I I II II

I IV - I II II II I I I I II/III II

I III I I II II II I I I I II II

I II I I II II II I I I I II II

I III II I II II I I I I II/III II

I II I I II - I I I III II/III II

I II I I II II II I I I I II II

I III I I II II I I II I I II II

33. 2004. .

: ,

.

2003. 2 III , III . III . : (III IV ), Fe (III/IV ), S2- (III/IV ), (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. , III . , III . (III/IV ) r+6, S2-.

138

.

2003. 2, 2 III . Fe (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. III . Mn.

-5

-

pH-

III III II I II II III I I I I II/III IIA

II III II I II II III I I I I III IIA

III III II I II II II I I III III IIA

III III II I II II III II I I I II/III IIA

III III II I II II IV II I I III III IV

34. 2003. .

-5

-

pH-

II II II I II II IV I I I III III II

II II II I II II III I I I III III II

II II II I II II I I I III III II

II II II I II II III II I I III III II

II II II I II II III II I I III III IV

35. 2004. .

139

. 2003. 2

2 III , III . Fe (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. , III . 2 2, , III , III IV . Mn.

: , , , , , .

020406080

100120140160180

(mg/l)

2003

2003

2003

2003

0

40

80

120

160

200

240

280

(mg/l)

2004

2004

2004

2004

78. a

2003. 2004. (: )

140

2003. , , , III , . 2, 2, 5 ( 78) , III . (III/IV ) . S2- (III/IV ), (III/IV ), (III/IV ), Hg ( ) Mn.

2004. , III . 2 III IV , ( 78) III IV . S2-, (III/IV ), r+6 Mn.

.

2003. 2 2 III . Fe (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. 2 III , III IV . .

. 2003. 2

IV . (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. 2 III IV , III . (III/IV ) Mn.

. 2003. III , IV , III/IV . : Fe (III/IV ), (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. . , . , 2 III IV . III , NH4-N, III/IV , aa (N2-N) III/IV .

141

: (III/IV ) Mn.

. 2003. ,

, III . 2 2 IV , 5 IV , III . , III/IV . , , Fe (III/IV ), (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. . , , III . 2 2 III , 5 III IV , III . NH4-N aa N2-N III/IV . Mn.

. 2003. 2 IV

, 5 III . : Fe (III/IV ), Mn S2- (III/IV ).

2004. . , . 2 , , III , III . aa N2-N, , III/IV . .

. 2003. 2 2

III IV , . III/IV . : Fe (III/IV ), Mn, (III/IV ) S2- (III/IV ).

142

-5

-

pH-

I III III I II IV III I I I III III/IV IIA

II II III I II IV II I III I I III/IV IIA

II III III I II III III I I I III III/IV IIA

II II III I II III III I I I III III IIA

I III III I II II IV I I I III III IIA

I II III I II III III I I I III III/IV IIA

III IV II I II IV II I I I I III/IV IIA

II III II I II IV II I I I III/IV IV

IV IV IV II III IV III II I I III IV

I IV III I II IV III I I I I III/IV III

IV IV III I II IV II I I I IV IIA

36. 2003. .

2004. . 2 2 III IV , 5 III , , , IV . Mn.

. 2003. ,

, . III . , III . (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. , , . 5 III , , Mn III IV . NH4-N , NO2-N III/IV .

143

(III/IV ), r+6 Mn.

-5

-

pH-

I II II I II III I II I I III II

II II - I II IV III I - I III - II

I IV III I II - III I I I III III/IV II

I IV - I II II IV I I I III III/IV II

I III - I II II III I II I III III/IV II

I IV - I II II III I I I III III/IV II

II III - I II II III I - I I - II

I III - I II III I - I I - IV

- - - IV - II II - I - II

III III - I III II II - III - IV

I III - I II II II - I I - III

37. 2004. .

: , , , , .

2003. 2 III , 5 III . III . Fe (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. 2 III IV , III . , III . (III/IV ), S2- Mn.

.

144

2003. 2 III , 5 III . S2- (IV ) Mn.

2004. 2 III . NO2-N III/IV . S2- Mn.

. 2003. ,

( ). 2 5 III . .

2004. . , . 2 III . Mn.

. 2003. 2 III

. .

2004. . , III . III . Mn.

. 2003. 2

III, IV , n 5 III IV . III, IV , III/IV , . Fe (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. , . III . 2 , III . Mn.

. 2003. 2

III, IV , 5 III . .

2004. , . , , III . 2 , ,

145

III , III . , , Mn.

. 2003. 2

III, IV , 5 III . . Mn.

-5

-

pH-

I III II I II IV III I I I I III II

I III III I II IV II I I I I III II

I IV III I II III I I I I I III II

I II II I II III III I I I I II/III IIA

I II I II - III I I I III III IIA

I IV III I II IV I I I I I III/IV IIA

I III III I II IV II I I I III/IV IIA

I III II I II II II I I I I II/III IIA

II IV III III IV II I I IIA

I III I III III II II I I I III/IV II

II III I II III II II I I I IV IV

38. 2003.

2004. , , , , . , 2 III . Mn.

. 2003. 2

, III . .

2004. , .

146

2 III , III . .

-5

-

pH-

I II - I II IV III I I I I III II

I III - I II IV III I I I I III II

I II - I II II III I II I I II/III II

I II - I II IV III II II I III III II

I IV - I II - I II I III - II

I IV - I II - I II I III - II

I III - I II - II I I I I - IV

I III - I II - III I I I III - II

I II - I II - III I III I I - II

II III - I - - II I I I III - II

I III - I II IV II III I III III/IV II

III III - I II IV III II I I III III/IV IV

39 2004.

,

.

2003. 2 III , 5 III IV . - III , III . : Fe (III/IV ), S2- (III/IV ), (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. III . 2 III IV , , , III . - III .

147

, , : (III/IV ) S2- Mn.

-5

-

pH-

I II III I II - III I I I I III IIA

I III II I II III III I I I I III IIA

I II II I II IV IV I I I III III IIA

I III - I - - III I I I I - II

I II II I II II III I III I I II/III I

40. 2003. .

-5

-

pH-

I III - I II - I I I III - II

I III - I II IV I II I III III/IV II

I II - I II IV IV I III I III III/IV II

I II - I - - I I I - II

I II II I II - IV I III I I II/III I

41. 2004. .

. 2003. III ,

2 IV . Fe (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. , .

148

III .

Mn.

. 2003. III

, - III/IV . .

2004. . , , III , - IV , III . Mn.

,

, , , . 2003.

. , III . 2 ( III ), 5 (III IV ), ( III ) (III /IV ). Mn.

2004. , III . : 2 (III ), 5 (III ), ( III ) (III /IV ). : Fe (III/IV ).

. 2003. 2 III

. 5 III . .

2004. 2 III . .

. 2003. , , ,

2, 5 III .

149

2004. II . III . Fe (III/IV).

. 2003. , ,

III , 5 IV , 2 .

2004. , , . 2, , III IV . (III ), , , III . .

. 2003. , , , 5

III , 2 .

2004. , , . 2 , , IV, III . .

: , .

2003. , - III , 2, III IV . n IV , 5 III . III . Fe (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. , - , , . III ( ), 2 III . - 5 III IV , III .

. 2003. , , ,

. 2 III , 2 III IV . n IV , 5 III . (III/IV ). (III/IV ).

150

2004. III . III IV . 2 , , III ( ), 5 III IV . Mn . III . (III/IV ).

( ), , .

2003. , , . 2 . 5 III , III IV . Mn.

2004. 2 - III, IV (). , , III, IV . .

. 2003. , 2 5

III . .

2004. , II . .

.

2003. II . .

2004. III . , , III . .

. 2003.

I . .

151

2004. II/III . , , III (). , , (III/IV ).

. 2003. ,

III . 2004. III ,

III . III . Fe(III/IV ) Mn.

. 2003.

IV . 2004. .

. III . Fe (III/IV ) Mn.

. 2003. 2, ,

III . .

2004. , III . 2 , , (), , , III . .

. 2003. 2

III . .

2004. III . III , 2 III . .

.

152

2003. II .

2004. , 2, , III .

, (- ,- ,- ) (1- ,2- ,3- ).

2003. , : -1, -

2, -3, -1, -2, -3, -1, -2 -3 ( ). (III/IV ) . 2 2 -2, -3, -3. Mn -3 -3 III , III/IV . : S2- (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. . , III/IV . , 2 -2, -3, -2, -3 -3 (III IV ), (III ). 5 A-1, -1 B-1 III , aa (N2-N) -3 -3 III/IV . , , S2- Mn.

2003. . 2 ( I ), 2 . 5 III , -1, -2, -3 -3 III/IV . S2- , (III/IV ) Mn.

2004. . , III/IV

153

. 2 -2, -3, -2, -3 -3 (III IV ), A-1, -1 -1 (III ). aa (N2-N) -2, -3, -2, -3, B-1 -3 III/IV , . , , S2-, -3 (III/IV ), II -2, -3, -1, -2, B-1, -2 -3.

2003. . 2 2 . -1, -2 -3 III . S2- (III/IV ).

2004. . A-1, -1, B-1, -2 -3 , IV . 2 -3, -3 (IV III ),

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Izvestaj o Stanju Zivotne Sredine 2003-2004