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INTRODUCTION Nutrig enomics Dr. Muhamad Firdaus. Nutrig enomics The study of how naturally occurring chemicals in foods alter molecular expression of genetic information in each individual. When a gene is activated or expressed, a protein is produced. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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INTRODUCTION Nutrigenomics
Dr. Muhamad Firdaus
Nutrigenomics
The study of how naturally occurring chemicals in foods alter molecular expression
of genetic information in each individual.
When a gene is activated or expressed, aprotein is produced
Gene expression patterns produce a phenotype, which represents the physical characteristics or observable traits of an organism, e.g., hair color, weight, or presence or absence of disease
Genes alone do not necessary produce phenotypic traits
Phenotypic expression is influenced by nutrition
Nutrition-Gene Interaction
1. Direct interactionsNutrients, sometimes after interacting with a receptor, behave as transcription factors that can bind to DNA and acutely induce geneexpression
2. Epigenetic interactionsNutrients can alter the structure of DNA so that gene expression ischronically altered
3. Genetic variationCommon genetic variations such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) can alter the expression or functionality of genes
BIOLOGICAL NETWORKS
Intracellular regulations
Cell-cell comuniacations
Organ networks/homeostasis
MAIN HEALTH-RELATED CHALLENGES
• Cardiovascular• Cancer• Diabetes-obesity• Undernutrition/malnutrition• Infectious diseases• Allergies• Ageing process
BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPONENTS CAN MODIFY TRANSCRIPTION, TRANSLATION AND METABOLISM
Cancer Res, 2002
EFFECTS OF SELENIUM ON CERTAIN GENES
Milner J Nutr 2004
BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPONENTS:GENETIC, EPIGENETIC AND PROTEOMIC EFFECTS
PARTIAL LIST OF BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPONENTS:WITH POSSIBLE EFFECTS ON CANCER
INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN BIOACTIVE FOOD COMPONENTS
AND EVENTS INVOLVED IN THE CANCER PROCESS
FATE AND ACTIVITIES OF NUTRIENTS IN THE CELL
may act directly as ligands for transcription factor receptors
(pathway A)
Kaput J, Physiol Genomics 2004
FATE AND ACTIVITIES OF NUTRIENTS IN THE CELL
may be metabolized by metabolic pathways
altering concentrations of substrates / intermediates (pathway B)
Kaput J, Physiol Genomics 2004
FATE AND ACTIVITIES OF NUTRIENTS IN THE CELL
May be involved in gene regulation
or cell-signaling (pathway C)
Kaput J, Physiol Genomics 2004
Kaput J, Physiol Genomics 2004
NUCLEAR RECEPTORS, DIETARY LIGANDS
From: Kaput J: Physiol Genomics 2004 Ref 2: Ames, Toxicol Lett 1998
MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY - DNA DAMAGE WITH HEALTH EFFECTS
Mutch, FASEB 2005
NUTRIGENOMICS AND NUTRIGENETICS: TWO SIDES OF A COIN
• For personalized nutrition:
– effects of diet on body-metabolism
– influence of genotype on nutritionally related diseases
• must be considered
Elliot, BMJ 2002
NUTRITIONAL CONSEQUENCES OF CELLULAR PROCESS WITH GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS
NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS AND BIOMARKER DISCOVERY
THE STEPS INVOLVED IN GENE EXPRESSION
NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS AND BIOMARKER DISCOVERY
DIET (NUTRIENTS) CAN MODULATE THESE PROCESSES
FROM CELL TO POPULATION
NUTRITIONAL GENOMICS AND BIOMARKER DISCOVERY
FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS TECHNIQUES CAN ANALYZEEACH STAGE, WITH APPROPRIATE BIOMARKERS
Joung: J.Nutr 2001, Oliver: Nature 2000,
Go: J. Nutr 2003
Assesment of nutrient requirements by „omics“- basedanalyses
Stover: Physiol Genomics 2004
LC-PUFA: LONG CHAIN POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS
A typical example of complex, bioactive molecules in nutrigenomics
Epidemiological studies on LC-PUFA:
Consumption of LC-PUFA beneficially affect physiological processes such as :
- growth, neurological development,
- lean and fat mass accretion,
- reproduction,
- Innate and acquired immunity,
- infectious pathologies of viruses,
- bacteria and parasites;
- the incidence and severity of virtually all
chronic
- and degenerative diseases
cancer, atherosclerosis, stroke, arthritis, diabetes,
osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative, inflammatory
and skin diseases
LC-PUFA: Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Mutch, FASEB J 2005
According to microarray studies:
LC-PUFA can mediate the functions of
several transcription factors,
cell-cycle regulatory genes,
RNA transcription processes,
prostaglandin synthesis,
inducible nitric oxide synthase
and related proinflammatory genes
MODERN NUTRIGENOMIC TECHNOLOGIES + BIOINFORMATICS CAN
TO REVEAL THE COMPLEXITY OF LC-PUFA SIGNALING
BIOLOGICAL NETWORK TRIGGERED AFTER THE CONSUMPTION
OF LC-PUFA
• LC-PUFA actions are mediated bytranscription factors, such as PPAR and SREBP.
• Highlighted in blueare known functional and /or physical interactions betweenPPAR- and other genes
Mutch, FASEB 2005
Further work:
small inhibiting RNA technology,
alternate analytical platforms (proteins, metabolites) etc.
can clarify the biological functions,
mediated by dietary lipids.
MODERN NUTRIGENOMIC TECHNOLOGIES + BIOINFORMATICS CAN
TO REVEAL THE COMPLEXITY OF LC-PUFA SIGNALING:
THANK YOU