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Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
Intraguild predation by Harmonia axyridis
Louis HAUTIER
BiologicalBiological ControlControl andand
Plant Plant Genetic ResourcesGenetic Resources
CheminChemin dede LirouxLiroux, 2, 2
BB--5030 Gembloux 5030 Gembloux -- BelgiumBelgium
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
1. Harmonia axyridis Pallas
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
1. Harmonia axyridis Pallas
� Ladybird native of Far East
� Introduction for biological control� North America (1916 - 1982)
� Greece
� Portugal
� Belgium (1997)
� ….
and ESTABLISHMENT in� North America (1988)
� Belgium (2001)
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
1. Harmonia axyridis Pallas
Belgium distribution of H. axyridis in 2001 (GT Coccinula data)
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
1. Harmonia axyridis Pallas
Belgium distribution of H. axyridis in 2004 (GT Coccinula data)
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
1. Harmonia axyridis Pallas
� Why this fast invasion ?
Good colonizer and very competive species:
� Wide trophic niche
� Phenotypic plasticity
� Strong dispersal capacity
� High voracity => Intraguild Predation
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
2. Intraguild Predation (IGP)
« Killing and eating of species that use similar ressources »
GUILD
Predator BPredator A
Prey
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
2. Intraguild Predation (IGP)
� IGP = competition + predation or parasitism
� Double benefits :� Suppresion of a competitor
� Immediate energy gain
� Very frequent in aphidophagous guild:� Aphid colonies are transients food ressources
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
3. IGP assesment in laboratory
� Assessment of IGP between H. axyridisand A. bipunctata
� In Petri Dish, to put together larva L4 (starved during 24h) with eggs, L1, L2, L3, L4
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
3. IGP assesment in laboratory
� In Petri Dish, to put together larva L4 (starved during 24h) with eggs, L1, L2, L3, L4
� 30 minute behavior observation according to ethogramme (Yasuda et al., 2001), 20 repetitions
� Mortality observation after 30 minutes and 24 h
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
3. IGP assesment in laboratory
� Predation rate : H. axyridis – A. bipunctata
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Eggs L1 L2 L3 L4
Pre
datio
n ra
te (
%)
H. axyridis => A. bipunctata A. bipunctata => H. axyridis
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
3. IGP assesment in laboratory
� Mortality rate : H. axyridis – A. bipunctata
EggsL1
L2L3
L4
H. axyridis
A. bipunctata0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Mo
rtal
ity
rate
(%
)
After 30 minutes
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
3. IGP assesment in laboratory
� Mortality rate : H. axyridis – A. bipunctata
After 24 h
EggsL1
L2L3
L4
H. axyridis
A. bipunctata0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Mo
rtal
ity
rate
(%
)
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
3. IGP assesment in laboratory
� L4 H. axyridis vs L1 A. bipunctata
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
3. IGP assesment in laboratory
� L4 H. axyridis vs L1 A. bipunctata
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
3. IGP assesment in laboratory
� L4 H. axyridis vs L4 A. bipunctata
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
3. IGP assesment in laboratory
� IGP by H. axyridis vs A. bipunctata is� symmetric for egg instar
� asymetric for larvae instars
� IGP by H. axyridis was also recorded in laboratory towards (Koch, 2003):� others ladybird species (Adonia variegata,
Coleomegilla maculata, Coccinella septempunctata, Cycloneda sanguinea, Propylea japonica, Propylea quatuordecimpunctata)
� lacewing species (Chrysoperla carnea)
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
4. IGP observations in field condition
� In Belgium potato field : IGP between H. axyridis and C. septempunctata
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
4. IGP observations in field condition
� Coccinellid phenology in potato fields
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
5
18/6 25/6 2/7 9/7 16/7 23/7 30/7 6/8 13/8
aphi
ds/le
af
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
num
ber
of c
occi
nelid
larv
ae
C. 7-punctata P. 14-punctata A. bipunctataH. axyridis Aphids/leaf
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
5. Impacts of H. axyridis invasion
� Ladybird monitoring in 2003 and 2005 in Brussels (SAN MARTIN and OTTART, ULB)
2003
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70H
arax
y
Ada
bip
Ada
dec
Cal
qua
Cal
dec
Exo
qua
Hal
sed
Oen
con
Pro
qua
Abu
ndan
ce (
%) Tilia
Acer
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70H
arax
y
Ada
bip
Ada
dec
Cal
qua
Cal
dec
Exo
qua
Hal
sed
Oen
con
Pro
qua
Abu
ndan
ce (
%) Tilia
Acer
2005
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques
6. Conclusion
� The Multicolored Asian Lady Beetle, H. axyridis, acts as an intraguild predator of native aphidophaga and has the potential to reduce the abundance of ladybird offspring.
� But today, it is difficult to say if H. axyridiswill lead to displacement of native species in some of Belgium habitats.
� In view of this invasion, it appear urgent to build a regulation framework and to use a risk assessment before the import and the release all exotic biological control agents.
Centre wallonde Recherches agronomiques