INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE - bib.irb.hr · PDF fileProf. Dušanka Lazarević, ... Prof. Dragoljub Višnjić, PhD, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, ... Gospić, Hrvatska

1Зборник радова

Садржај

МЕЂУНАРОДНА НАУЧНА КОНФЕРЕНЦИЈА

Универзитет у Београду, Факултет спорта и физичког васпитања

(Београд, 10-11. децембар 2011.)

ЕФЕКТИ ПРИМЕНЕ ФИЗИЧКЕ АКТИВНОСТИ НА АНТРОПОЛОШКИ СТАТУС

ДЕЦЕ, ОМЛАДИНЕ И ОДРАСЛИХ

ЗБОРНИК РАДОВА

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE

University of Belgrade, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education

(Belgrade, 10-11. December 2011.)

EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY APPLICATION TO ANTHROPOLOGICAL STATUS

WITH CHILDREN, YOUTH AND ADULTS

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Београд / Belgrade, 2012.

602 Conference Proceedings

Sonja Smiljić

CIP - }^_ô[ji\^ti`^ d edqoip^tiì

�^f[b]^ qiqoi[_ap^ �fqià, a[jf^b

796/799(082)

613.71/.72(082)

n�®{�¯��¯ ]^dw]^ p[]yafa]ti`^ �yap_i efiga]a yi\iwpa

^p_ih][c_i ]^ ^]_f[e[o[rpi c_^_dc bata, [go^bi]a i [bf^coim

(2011 ; a[jf^b)

°q[f]ip f^b[h^ / naud]^f[b]^ ]^dw]^ p[]yafa]ti`^ �yap_i

efiga]a yi\iwpa ^p_ih][c_i ]^ ^]_f[e[o[rpi c_^_dc bata,

[go^bi]a i [bf^coim, (a[jf^b, 10-11. batagq^f 2011.) = Conference

Proceedings / International ScientiG c Conference Effects of Physical

Activity Application to Anthropological Status with Children, Youth

and Adults, (Belgrade, 10-11. December 2011.); [dfab]iti [s[

[p^], �]as^]^ �^bic^hlahik �^]ik ; efah[b ]^ a]joacpi i cfecpi

à\ip ±[fb^]^ ²ap^fik]. - a[jf^b : |^pdo_a_ ce[f_^ i yi\iwp[j

h^cei_^x^, 2012 (a[jf^b : 3�+). - 600 c_f.: iodc_f. ; 30 cm

�apc_ de[fab[ ]^ cfe. i a]jo. à\ipd. -

�if^s 200. - iqoi[jf^yi`^ d\ ch^pi f^b.

ISBN 978-86-80255-85-9

a) |i\iwp^ ^p_ih][c_ - °q[f]iti b) �e[f_

- °q[f]iti c) |i\iwp^ pdo_df^ - °q[f]iti

COBISS.SR-ID 189321740

2 Зборник радова

Садржај

Међународна научна конференција„ЕФЕКТИ ПРИМЕНЕ ФИЗИЧКЕ АКТИВНОСТИ НА АНТРОПОЛОШКИ СТАТУС ДЕЦЕ, ОМЛАДИНЕ И ОДРАСЛИХ“

ЗБОРНИК РАДОВАИздавач: Факултет спорта и физичког васпитања Универзитета у БеоградуЗа издавача: Декан Факултета, проф. др Ђорђе СтефановићУредници: Проф. др Божо Бокан, Доц. др Снежана Радисављевић Јанић

Научни одбор и рецензенти:

Проф. др Бранислав Антала, Факултет за физичко васпитање и спорт, Универзитет у Братислави, СловачкаПроф. др Марјета Мишигој Дураковић, Кинезиолошки факултет, Универзитет у Загребу, ХрватскаПроф. др Грегор Јурак, Факултет спорта, Универзитет у Љубљани, СловенијаПроф. др Ненад Живановић,Факултет спорта и физичког васпитања, Универзитет у Нишу, СрбијаПроф. др Душанка Лазаревић, Факултет спорта и физичког васпитања, Универзитет у Београду, СрбијаПроф. др Настас Илић, Факултет спорта и физичког васпитања, Универзитет у Београду, СрбијаПроф. др Драгољуб Вишњић, Факултет спорта и физичког васпитања, Универзитет у Београду, СрбијаПроф. др Душан Митић, Факултет спорта и физичког васпитања, Универзитет у Београду, СрбијаПроф. др Владимир Копривица, Факултет спорта и физичког васпитања, Универзитет у Београду, СрбијаПроф. др Миливој Допсај, Факултет спорта и физичког васпитања, Универзитет у Београду, СрбијаПроф. др Божо Бокан, Факултет спорта и физичког васпитања, Универзитет у Београду, Србија

Превод на енглески и српски језик: Гордана ВекарићКомпјутерска обрада и графички дизајн: Анка СрећковићШтампа: „3Д+“, БеоградТираж: 200 примерака

*Зборник радова је штампан средствима Министарства просвете и науке Републике Србије*Научни скуп је посвећен истраживачком пројекту: „Ефекти примене физичке активности на локомоторни, метаболички, психосоцијални и васпитни статус популације Републике Србије“, Пројекат одобрен од Министарства просвете и науке (ев.бр. 47015)

International Scientifi c Conference “EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY APPLICATION TO ANTHROPOLOGICAL STATUS WITH CHILDREN, YOUTH AND ADULTS“

CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Publisher: Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of BelgradeFor the publisher: Faculty Dean, Prof. Đorđe Stefanović, PhD Editors: Prof. Božo Bokan, PhD, Assist. Prof. Snežana Radisavljević Janić, PhD

Scientifi c Board and Reviewers:

Prof. dr Branislav Antala, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Bratislava, SlovakiaProf. Marjeta Mišigoj Duraković, PhD, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Croatia Prof. Gregor Jurak, PhD, Fakultet sporta, Univerzitet u Ljubljani, SlovenijaProf. Nenad Živanović, PhD, Fakultet sporta i fi zičkog vaspitanja, Univerzitet u Nišu, SrbijaProf. Dušanka Lazarević, PhD, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, SerbiaProf. Nastas Ilić, PhD, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, SerbiaProf. Dragoljub Višnjić, PhD, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, SerbiaProf. Dušan Mitić, PhD, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, SerbiaProf. Vladimir Koprivica, PhD, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, SerbiaProf. Milivoj Dopsaj, PhD, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, SerbiaProf. Božo Bokan, PhD, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Belgrade, Serbia

Translated by: Gordana VekarićComputer editor and graphic layout: Anka SrećkovićPrinted by: „3D+“, BelgradeCirculation: 200 copies

*Ê e printing of the Conference Proceedings was funded by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia *Ê e scientifi c conference was dedicated to the scientifi c project :”Ê e eff ects of physical activity application to locomotor, metabolic, psycho social and educational status of population of the Republic of Serbia. Ê is project was approved by the Ministry of Education and Science (the project record no. 47015).”

6 Зборник радова

Садржај

Анте Рађа, Марко ЕрцегОЦЕЊИВАЊЕ НОВОГ ТЕСТА ЗА ПРОЦЕНУ АГИЛНОСТИ .............................................. 170

Ante Rađa, Marko ErcegEVALUATION OF THE NEWLY CONSTRUCTED AGILITY TEST ......................................... 465

Зоран Миленковић, Миливој ДопсајПОВЕЗАНОСТ МАКСИМАЛНЕ ПОТРОШЊЕ КИСЕОНИКА И ПЛИВАЧКЕ ПРИПРЕМЉЕНОСТИ СЕЛЕКТИРАНИХ ВАТЕРПОЛИСТА КАДЕТСКОГ УЗРАСТА ....................................................................................................................... 176

Zoran Milenković, Milivoj DopsajRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A MAXIMAL OXYGEN UPTAKE AND SWIMMING READINESS OF THE SELECTED WATER POLO CADET AGE PLAYERS ............................. 471

Биљана Николић, Јован Златковић, Ђорђе Стефановић, Миливој ДопсајПРОЦЕНА АНАЕРОБНЕ МАКСИМАЛНЕ МОЋИ И КАПАЦИТЕТА КОД ДРУМСКИХ БИЦИКЛИСТА СЕНИОРСКЕ КАТЕГОРИЈЕ У ОДНОСУ НА ЊИХОВУ СПЕЦИЈАЛНОСТ ..................................................................................................... 183

Biljana Nikolic, Jovan Zlatkovic, Djordje Stefanovic, Milivoj DopsajESTIMATING MAXIMUM ANAEROBIC POWER AND CAPACITY IN FLAT RIDERS OF SENIOR CATEGORY REGARDING THEIR SPECIALTY ............................................................. 478

Коста Пемац, Милош Мудрић, Марко Ћирковић СЕГМЕНТИ ТАКМИЧАРСКЕ АКТИВНОСТИ СРПСКИХ КАРАТЕ РЕПРЕЗЕНТАТИВАЦА НА СВЕТСКОМ ПРВЕНСТВУ У БЕОГРАДУ 2010 ....................... 190

Kosta Pemac, Miloš Mudrić, Marko ĆirkovićSERBIAN KARATE NATIONAL TEAM MEMBERS’ SEGMENTS OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITIES AT 2010 BELGRADE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP ................................................ 485

Горан Кувачић, Саша Крстуловић, Анте СвирчићПОВРЕДЕ У ЏУДОУ ............................................................................................................................. 195

Goran Kuvačić, Saša Krstulović, Ante SvirčićINJURIES IN JUDO ................................................................................................................................. 490

Саша Крстуловић, Горан Кувачић, Божо ПеришићПОВРЕДЕ ТОКОМ ТАКМИЧЕЊА У ТЕКВОНДОУ ................................................................. 201

Saša Krstulović, Goran Kuvačić, Božo PerišićINJURIES DURING THE TAEKWONDO COMPETITION ........................................................ 496

Томислав Лопац, Хрвоје Сиврић, Мирјана МилићПОСЛЕДИЦА ФУДБАЛСКОГ ТРЕТМАНА НА МОТОРНО – ФУНКЦИОНАЛНЕ СПОСОБНОСТИ ФУДБАЛЕРА НА НИВОУ ЈУНИОРА И КАДЕТА ’’ХШК ПОСУШЈЕ’’ .................................................................................................................................. 207

Tomislav Lopac, Hrvoje Sivrić, Mirjana MilićTHE EFFECT OF A FOOTBALL TREATMENT ON MOTOR – FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES OF JUNIOR AND CADET LEVEL FOOTBALL PLAYERS OF “HŠK POSUŠJE” ..................... 502

Јелена Гајић, Гöран КенттäТЕОРИЈСКО И ЕМПИРИЈСКО ПОРЕЂЕЊЕ ПРИМЕЊЕНИХ АКТИВНОСТИ ПСИХОЛОГИЈЕ СПОРТА ИЗМЕЂУ СРБИЈЕ И ШВЕДСКЕ .................................................... 217

Jelena Gajić, Göran KenttäA THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL COMPARISON OF APPLIED SPORT PSYCHOLOGY ACTIVITIES BETWEEN SERBIA AND SWEDEN ......................................................................... 512


Tomislav Lopac, Hrvoje Sivrić, Mirjana Milić

THE EFFECT OF A FOOTBALL TREATMENT ON MOTOR – FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES OF JUNIOR AND CADET LEVEL

FOOTBALL PLAYERS OF “HŠK POSUŠJE”

Tomislav Lopac1, Hrvoje Sivrić2, Mirjana Milić3

1 University of Applied Sciences „Nikola Tesla“ in Gospić, Gospić, Hrvatska2 University of Applied sciences of Slavonski Brod, Slavonski Brod, Hrvatska

3 Primary school Bijaći, Kaštel Novi, Hrvatska

INTRODUCTION

Ê e interest for motor abilities research appeared at the beginning of the 20th century when D. A. Sargent (1902) constructed the fi rst six test battery which he called “Ê e universal strength, speed and stamina of the human body test”, (Kurelid et al.). More intensive research of the motor area begins in the 1940’s when these researches start to use experiences and scientifi c knowledge from other scientifi c areas (psychology, sociology, physiology, anatomy etc.). Many scientists gave their contribution in shedding more light on the motor area and the research of Fleishman (1964) was of special signifi cance and even today it is considered fundamental by many kinesiologists. Gabrijelić (1969) used a sample of 32 examinees, age 11 to 14; trying to determine to what extent do the situational – motor abilities, treated as predictors, aff ect the complex abilities in the game, treated as criteria variables. Elsner (1974) applied the battery of anthropometric, motor and situational tests on a sample of 97 young football players and determined a multiple correlation with a success rate of 46, out of which the running speed of the football players, the explosive strength and distance ball kicks make for the most of it. In his research, Barišić (1996) tried to examine the importance of some anthropologic characteristics for success in football for players playing diff erent positions in the football team. Talović (2001) used a sample of 88 young football players, age 12 to 14, training them for six months with 72 training units. He tried determine up to what extent is it possible to change the motor and functional status of the examinee. McMillan et al. (2005) did research about the infl uence of the interval training of stamina on the physiological characteristics. Erceg, Zagorac i Katinić (2008) did research about the infl uence of football training on the motor development of boys. Ê e aim of the research was to determine the infl uence of football school treatment and physical education on the changes of motor abilities of seven and eight year old boys.

METHOD

Ê e problem and the aim of the research

Ê e main problem of this research is the analyses of changes in motor – functional abilities of junior and cadet level football players under the infl uence of a programmed football treatment. Ê e main aim of the research is to determine the effi ciency of the football treatment on the changes of motor – functional abilities of junior and cadet level football players, observed at two diff erent points in time. Partial aims of the research:

1. Determine the diff erences in the assessment of the motor – functional abilities indicators, between cadet and junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje”; in the initial testing.

2. Determine the proportion of quantitative changes in the assessment of the motor – functional abilities indicators, of cadet level football players of HŠK “Posušje”

3. Determine the proportion of quantitative changes in the assessment of the motor – functional abilities indicators, of junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje”

503Conference Proceedings

Ê e Eff ect of a Football Treatment on Motor – Functional Abilities of Junior and Cadet Level...

4. Determine the diff erences in the assessment of the motor – functional abilities indicators, between cadet and junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje”; in the fi nal testing.

Hypotheses

Ê e main hypothesis, which is based on the problem and the aim of this research, can be defi ned in the following manner:

H0 – a specially programmed football treatment will signifi cantly aff ect the motor – functional development of cadet and junior level football players.

With regard to determined partial aims, partial hypothesis can be set in a similar manner:

H1 – cadet and junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje” will not signifi cantly diff er in the initial testing;

H2 - cadet and junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje” will not signifi cantly diff er in the fi nal testing;

H3 – the football players of HŠK “Posušje” will display positive advance in the motor – functional abilities from the initial to the fi nal stage;

H4 – the identifi ed change factors of cadet level will signifi cantly diff er in relation to junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje”.

Examinee sample

Ê e testing was done on a group of 38 examinees divided into two subgroups, 20 cadet level and 18 junior level players of HŠK “Posušje”. Football players of HŠK “Posušje” trained according to their plan and program of 8 micro cycles with diff erent football treatment. Ê e testing was conducted on HŠK “Posušje” football fi elds with the help of experienced and educated examiners.

Variable samples

I chose seven variables for this testing, actually tests that are directly related to motor – functional abilities in football, which can representatively show their motor status.

1. 10m – 10m sprint from a high position start2. 20m – 20m sprint from a high position start 3. 30m – 30m sprint from a high position start4. 40m – 40m sprint from a high position start5. Hoff test – specifi c aerobic stamina6. Bepp test – aerobic stamina7. SDM – standing long jump

Ê e description of motor – functional tests

TEST 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m and SPRINT 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m with a high position start. Timing: the total time for 1 examinee is 1 minute; number of examiners: 1 examiner; equipment: photoelectric cell; place of conducting the exercise: the exercise is conducted on a marked part of the athletic track of the main HŠK “Posušje” football fi eld; the exercise: the examinee stands in a high position start, puts his foot on the “pedal”, and the mere lift of the foot from the “pedal” marks the beginning of the exercise; evaluation: the test result is the time in which the examinee runs the track from start to crossing the fi nish line. Ê e test is performed 3 times, and the best out of 3 is then recorded; a note to the examinee: the aim of the exercise will be described. Note: the test is conducted using photoelectric cells, so the examinee will start without the examiners cue.



HOFF TEST – specifi c aerobic stamina. Timing: the total time for 1 examinee is 10 minutes; number of examiners: 1 examiner; equipment: balls, cones, stands; place of conducting the exercise: the exercise is conducted on a marked part of the athletic track of the main HŠK “Posušje” football fi eld; the exercise: the exercise is conducted on a marked area of the total length of a specifi c training ground of 290m; evaluation: the result is the crossed distance which the examinee ran in 1o minutes. Ê e test is performed only once; a note to the examinee: the aim of the exercise will be described. Note: the testing is conducted using a stop – watch, so the examinee will start when the examiners gives the cue.

BEEP TEST – aerobic stamina. Timing; depending on every examiner individually; number of examiners: 1 examiner; equipment: cones, stereo player; place of conducting the exercise: the exercise is conducted on a marked part of the athletic track of the main HŠK “Posušje” football fi eld; the exercise: the exercise is conducted on a marked area of 20 m where the examinees run from one marker to another, following the speed which is determined by a sound signal (beep) from a stereo player. A particular “beep” speeds up every minute by a 0,5 km/h. Every minute is interpreted as one level, and within one level there are from 8 to12 sections; evaluation: the test result is the time in which the examinee ran from the start to crossing the fi nish line. Ê e test is performed 2 times, and the best out of 2 is then recorded; a note to the examinee: the aim of the exercise will be described. Ê e examinee doesn’t have a trial run. Note: the examinee starts when the stereo gives the signal.

SDM – standing long jump. Timing: the total time for 1 examinee is 2 minutes; number of examiners: 1 examiner; equipment: measuring meter; place of conducting the exercise: the standing long jump pit on the auxiliary fi eld of HŠK “Posušje”; exercise: the examinee stands on the very edge of the start line and does a standing jump (two feet jump) as far as he/she can. Ê is action is performed twice without a break; evaluation: the length of the correct jump is measured in centimetres, from the start line to the one sand foot print that is the closest to the jump line. Both jumps are marked, but only the better one is recorded; a note to the examinee: the aim of the exercise will be described and demonstrated. Ê e examinee doesn’t have a trial run.

Experimental plan and program

Ê e research was done on a sample of 38 cadet and junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje”, which train regularly 5 – 6 times a week and play competitive matches once a week. Ê e 38 players were divided in two sub – groups, 20 cadet and 18 junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje”. Ê is age is parallel with puberty and early youth and still just the beginning of high school. Balance in development of certain organs, organ systems and subsystems is formed. Motor and functional abilities are becoming more stable. (Sržid, 2010). It is a well known fact that both, qualitative and quantitative transformational eff ects are achieved, fi rst of all by proper work volume dosage and using training contents which are the most appropriate for that age. Ê e examples of the plan and program for the weekly training cycles for cadet and junior level at HŠK “Posušje” in the preparatory period, are mentioned. Ê e football players are trained according to the plan and program for cadet and junior level through 8 micro cycles with a diff erent programmed football treatment.



Table 1. Example – Introductory micro cycle from 10.01. to 16.01.2011

MondayWarm up + balance exercises and joint stabilization for 20 min; movement mechanics training for 15 min; technical – tactical training for 20 min; aerobic training of moderate intensity for 20 min.

TuesdayWarm up + balance exercises and joint stabilization for 18 min; introductory speed and agility training for 15 min; muscle stamina training for 30min; playing football for 15 min.

Wednesday morning

Warm up + balance exercises and joint stabilization for 15 min; fi rst part of the testing for 60 min.

Wednesday afternoon

Warm up – 15 min; second part of the testing – 15 min; technical – tactical training – 30 min.

Ê ursday

Warm up + balance exercises and joint stabilization for 15 min; movement mechanics training for 15 min; aerobic training of high intensity for 15 min; aerobic training of moderate intensity for 10 min; muscle stamina training for 20 min.

FridayWarm up + balance exercise and joint stabilization for 18 min; power training (maximum power and explosive power) for 30 min; technical – tactical training for 30 min.

Saturday Rest.

Sunday Rest.

Table 2. Example – Precompetitive micro cycle from 21.02. to 27.02.2011.

MondayWarm up + balance exercises and joint stabilization for 18 min; technical – tactical training for 20 min; aerobic training of moderate intensity for 20 min; playing football for 15 min.

TuesdayWarm up + balance exercises and joint stabilization for 18 min; speed and agility training (2 – 5 sec intervals), combined with explosive power training for 20 min; technical – tactical training for 30 min.

WednesdayWarm up for 15 min; technical – tactical training for 45 min; playing football for 15 min.

Ê ursdayWarm up + balance exercises and joint stabilization for 18 min; technical – tactical training for 30 min; aerobic training of high intensity for 15 min; playing football for 15 min.

FridayWarm up for 15 min; speed and agility training (5 – 10 sec intervals), combined with explosive power training for 20 min; technical – tactical training for 20 min; speed stamina training for 15 min.

Saturday Rest.

Sunday Friendly match.



Data processing methods

After the conducted testing, the given data is entered into a program called Statistica for Windows Ver. 7.5. Ê e basic statistic parameters have been analyzed (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values of testing results) for cadet and junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje”. Ê e distribution normalities have been tested using the Kolmogorov – Smirnov test. Ê e diff erences between cadet and junior level players of HŠK “Posušje” in the initial and the fi nal testing have been determined using a discriminative analysis. Ê e degree of global and partial diff erences between the mentioned player levels has been determined. Ê e changes between the initial and fi nal testing for player levels have been analyzed using a t – test for dependant samples. A t –test has also been done for the independent samples, on diff erence of middle value result variables, among football player groups, from the initial to the fi nal testing of motor – functional variables.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Basic statistic parameters

Basic statistic parameters will be analyzed in this subchapter (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values of testing results). Ê e distribution normalities have been tested using the Kolmogorov – Smirnov test, and the limit value of the KS test for a single sample size is stated at the bottom of each table. Ê e parameters for cadet level players of HŠK “Posušje” and for the junior level players of HŠK “Posušje” have been calculated.

Table 3. Basic anthropologic characteristics of cadet and junior level players of HŠK “Posušje” (AM –arithmetic mean; SD – standard deviation; Min – minimum testing results; Max – maximum testing results; t – t-test value.

Cadets (N=20) Juniors (N=18)

Variables AM Min Max SD AM Min Max SD t

Age 16,5 15,5 17 0,5 18,11 18 19 0,5 -10,04***

Experience 3,98 1 9 2,1 5,81 2,5 9,5 2 -2,71*

Height 178 168 188 5,1 185,3 173 199 8 -3,39**

Weight 68,1 54 78 6,9 74,11 67 85 6,1 -2,86**

BMI 21,5 18,72 25,7 1,7 21,58 20 23,3 1,1 -0,28

p-signifi cation level; *p<0,05; **p<0,01; ***p<0,001.



Table 4. Descriptive statistic parameters of tested variables of cadets of HŠK “Posušje” (AM –arithmetic mean; SD – standard deviation; Min – minimum testing results; Max – maximum testing results; KS test – Kolmogorov – Smirnov test).

Initial testing Final testing

Variables AM Min Max SD KS AM Min Max SD KS

10m 1,99 1,88 2,07 0,06 0,15 1,94 1,82 2,06 0,07 0,1

20m 3,46 3,2 3,9 0,23 0,18 3,4 3,12 3,8 0,23 0,23

30m 4,81 4,5 5,14 0,21 0,18 4,72 4,36 5,04 0,21 0,1

40m 5,96 5,49 6,23 0,24 0,2 5,85 5,39 6,19 0,25 0,17

SDM 225,55 210 255 12,79 0,16 230 215 261 13,24 0,2

Beep 10,79 9 12,8 1,03 0,11 11,27 10 13 0,88 0,13

Beep/O2 49,17 43,34 55,99 3,48 0,09 51,35 46,8 57,18 3,21 0,16

HOFF 1598 1450 1700 88,41 0,22 1713 1550 1890 104,03 0,11

Ê e limit value of the KS test for N=20 is 0,30.

Table 4. shows the basic statistic parameters of the measured variables. As we can seen, not one KS test value crosses the limit value of the Kolmogorov – Smirnov method for the observed sample, so we can conclude that all the variables in the initial and the fi nal testing with football players, have the distribution for which we can claim that it doesn’t deviate signifi cantly from the regular. We can also see that football players achieved better results in all the tests in the fi nal testing (arithmetic mean values increase in all tests for assessment of motor – functional abilities, actually the decrease of value in inversely scaled tests). Ê is trend is also valid in the area of minimum, actually maximum values of testing results. Variabilities of the results in the initial and the fi nal testing are mostly even and there are no bigger aberrations of values of the standard deviation between the initial and the fi nal testing. However, the increase of the variability of results in assessment of explosive power (SDM) and specifi c aerobic stamina (HOFF) variables can be noted, and the decrease of the variability in assessment of aerobic stamina variables (Beep). Uneven eff ect of the programmed football treatment on the football players, in an observed area, is mostly refl ected in the mentioned variables.

Table 5. Descriptive statistic parameters of the measured variables of junior level players of HŠK “Posušje” (AM –arithmetic mean; SD – standard deviation; Min – minimum testing results; Max – maximum testing results; KS test – Kolmogorov – Smirnov test).


Variables AM Min Max SD KS AM Min Max SD KS

10m 1,96 1,84 2,03 0,05 0,23 1,92 1,79 2,01 0,06 0,2

20m 3,32 3,08 3,47 0,1 0,16 3,28 3,02 3,46 0,1 0,18

30m 4,67 4,29 4,93 0,15 0,14 4,61 4,2 4,9 0,15 0,12

40m 5,83 5,44 6,08 0,22 0,26 5,77 5,32 6,03 0,22 0,19

SDM 227,72 210 260 14,21 0,15 234 212 270 15,08 0,19

Beep 12,04 11,2 13,1 0,49 0,12 12,54 11,9 13,8 0,59 0,21

Beep/O2 53,45 50,55 57,45 1,6 0,13 55,27 52,91 59,37 1,95 0,17

HOFF 1643,1 1490 1820 108,9 0,16 1800,6 1650 2010 112,1 0,2

Ê e limit value of the KS test for N=18 is 0,32.



Table 5. shows the basic statistic parameters of the measured variables. As we can seen, not one KS test value crosses the limit value of the Kolmogorov – Smirnov method for the observed sample, so we can conclude that all the variables in the initial and the fi nal testing with football players, have the distribution for which we can claim that it doesn’t deviate signifi cantly from the regular. In the fi nal testing, the increase of abilities in all the variables can be seen and it is caused by a programmed football treatment. Minimum and maximum values of testing results have the same trend. Variabilities of the results in the initial and the fi nal testing are mostly even and there are no bigger aberrations of values of the standard deviation between the initial and the fi nal testing. However, the increase of the variability of results in assessment of explosive power (SDM), basic (Beep) and specifi c aerobic stamina (HOFF). Uneven eff ect of the programmed football treatment on the football players, in an observed area, is mostly refl ected in the mentioned variables.

Ê e analysis of the changes of the motor – functional abilities of football players under the infl uence of a programmed football treatment

Table 6. Ê e results of a discriminative analysis between cadet and junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje” for the initial and the fi nal testing.


Variables Cadets Juniors F Cadets Juniors F

10m 1,99±0,06 1,96±0,05 0,24 1,94±0,07 1,92±0,06 -0,15

20m 3,46±0,23 3,32±0,10 0,42 3,40±0,23 3,28±0,10 -0,29

30m 4,81±0,21 4,67±0,15 0,4 4,72±0,21 4,61±0,15 -0,27

40m 5,96±0,24 5,83±0,22 0,28 5,85±0,25 5,77±0,22 -0,17

SDM 225,55±12,79 227,72±14,21 -0,08 230,00±13,24 234,00±15,08 0,13

Beep 10,79±1,03 12,04±0,49 -0,8 11,27±0,88 12,54±0,59 0,76

Beep/O2 49,17±3,48 53,45±1,60 -0,81 51,35±3,21 55,27±1,95 0,66

HOFF 1598,0±88,41 1643,1±108,9 -0,24 1713,0±104,03 1800,6±112,1 0,37

Centriods 0,9 -1 -1,05 1,16

CanR 0,70** 0,75***

F = the structure of the discriminative function; CanR = the coeffi cient of the canonical

discrimination; **p<0,01; ***p<0,001.

Table 6. shows the multi-alternative and the uni-alternative indicators of diff erences between cadet and junior players of HŠK “Posušje”, arithmetic means (±SD) of the motor – functional variables and the canonical discriminative analysis (F; CanR) in the initial and the fi nal testing. Based on numeric parameters of the discriminative function (Can R = 0, 70 with signifi cation level from p<0, 01), it is obvious that in the initial testing, statistically signifi cant discriminative function in the area of motor – functional characteristics of both level of players, can be formed. Ê at means that the football players have signifi cantly diff ered in the initial testing. Discriminative function is defi ned by a positive projection of the variables: 10m, 20m, 30m, and 40m. In the negative pole of the function, there are variables: Beep, Beep/O2 and HOFF. Ê e remaining variables aren’t essentially projected on either of the function poles. Ê e centroid position of the groups (C: cadets = 0, 90; C: juniors = -1, 00), defi nes junior level players of HŠK “Posušje”, as a group with better results in the initial testing, in all the tests mentioned. Looking at the given results, the fi rst partial hypothesis H1 can’t be accepted. Ê e second partial hypothesis H” is accepted.



Table 7. Quantitative changes of the motor – functional variables between the initial and the fi nal testing for cadet and junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje”.

Cadets Juniors

Variables Initial Final t-test Initial Final t-test

10m 1,99±0,06 1,94±0,07 2,09* 1,96±0,05 1,92±0,06 1,88*

20m 3,46±0,23 3,40±0,23 0,91 3,32±0,10 3,28±0,10 1,09

30m 4,81±0,21 4,72±0,21 1,33 4,67±0,15 4,61±0,15 1,24

40m 5,96±0,24 5,85±0,25 1,31 5,83±0,22 5,77±0,22 0,91

SDM 225,55±12,79 230,00±13,24 -1,08 227,72±14,21 234,00±15,08 -1,29

Beep 10,79±1,03 11,27±0,88 -1,58 12,04±0,49 12,54±0,59 -2,77**

Beep/O2 49,17±3,48 51,35±3,21 -2,06* 53,45±1,60 55,27±1,95 -3,06**

HOFF 1598,0±88,41 1713,0±104,03 -3,77*** 1643,1±108,9 1800,6±112,1 -4,28***

t-test – value of the t-test; p – signifi cation level, *p<0,05; **p<0,01; ***p<0,001.

Table 7. shows the degrees of quantitative changes of the motor – functional variables between the initial and the fi nal testing for cadet and junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje”. By analyzing the indicators of partial changes (t – test), it can be said that in the period between the initial and the fi nal testing, some signifi cant changes in the variables for start speed assessment and aerobic stamina assessment with both groups of players, have occurred and were expected. However, it is not possible to determine on which of the motor – functional abilities of the football players, has the programmed treatment signifi cantly infl uenced. Only further analyses in this area will point out possible eff ects of the football treatment on the motor – functional abilities of cadet and junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje”. Ê ese results confi rm the third partial analysis H3.

Table 8. Basic motor function diff erences (fi nal – initial testing) between cadet and junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje”.

Variablesx2-x1 x2-x1

t-testCadets Juniors

10m -0,04 -0,04 -0,85

20m -0,07 -0,04 -2,12*

30m -0,09 -0,06 -1,80*

40m -0,1 -0,07 -1,49

SDM 4,45 6,28 -2,26*

Beep 0,48 0,5 -0,3

Beep/O2 2,18 1,82 0,55

HOFF 115 157,5 -3,67**

x2-x1: the diff erences of the arithmetic means between the fi nal and the initial testing; t-test – value

of the t-test diff erences; *p<0,05; **p<0,01.

Table 8. shows the degrees of the diff erences of the motor – functional changes between cadet and junior level football players of HŠK “Posušje”. Ê e diff erence of the middle values of the results



between the fi nal and the initial testing for both groups has been calculated and displayed. Ê e signifi cation level of the discrepancy changes, by applying the t – test for independent samples, has also tested. Examinees from both groups have improved their results in all the tests in a period of 8 weeks, as we can see in the previous tables. Cadet level players of HŠK “Posušje” have progressed more than junior level players of HŠK “Posušje” in speed assessment tests, whereas junior level players progressed more in explosive power assessment test and the specifi c aerobic stamina test. Based on these results, we can conclude that the cadets have signifi cantly improved in 20m and 30m tests, and juniors have signifi cantly improved in SDM and HOFF tests. Ê erefore, the partial hypothesis H4 is confi rmed, based on the given results. It is obvious that there are statistically signifi cant diff erences between the cadet and junior level players of HŠK “Posušje” in the measured variables in the initial and the fi nal testing. So it is possible to form statistically signifi cant discriminative function in the initial and the fi nal testing between the two mentioned groups of players. Statistically, the most signifi cant changes occurred in the variables for aerobic stamina assessment.

CONCLUSION

Ê e main goal of the research is to determine the effi ciency of a programmed football treatment on the changes of the motor – functional abilities of the football players of cadet and junior level, which were observed in two diff erent points in time. Ê e research was conducted on a sample of 38 players of cadet and junior level of HŠK “Posušje”, which train regularly 5 – 6 times a week and play friendly matches once a week. Ê e examinees underwent, in a time interval of 8 weeks, 7 motor – functional tests, which assessed: the speed, explosive power and stamina. After the preliminary procedure processing, the diff erences between the groups of examinees in testing points, have been confi rmed using a discriminative canonical analysis, and the changes between the initial and the fi nal testing for groups of examines have been analyzed by applying the t – test.

Ê e given results of the basic motor area analysis indicate that statistically signifi cant discriminative function in the area of motor characteristics of the two groups of football players, can be formed. Ê at means that the football players have statistically, signifi cantly diff ered in the initial and the fi nal testing. Ê e results clearly indicate changes have occurred in all the measured variables of the motor abilities of both groups of players, in the period between the initial and the fi nal testing, as was expected.

We can conclude that the programmed football treatment with both groups of players, has caused the increase of motor – functional abilities. Positive changes for both groups have occurred in all the applied variables from the initial to the fi nal stage. Cadet level players of HŠK “Posušje” have progressed more than junior level players of HŠK “Posušje” in speed assessment tests, whereas junior level players progressed more in explosive power assessment test and the specifi c aerobic stamina test. Based on these results, we can conclude that the cadets have signifi cantly improved in 20m and 30m tests, and juniors have signifi cantly improved in SDM and HOFF tests.

We can also conclude that by applying a regular plan and program through a certain micro cycle for cadet and junior level players of HŠK “Posušje”, we can infl uence the improvement of specifi c aerobic stamina, aerobic stamina, speed and explosive power development. Ê e programmed football treatment had more eff ect on the changes of those motor abilities that have, by today’s researches, appeared more pervious to changes of the process of conditioning or training (stamina, speed and strength).



REFERENCES

1. Gabrijelić, M. (1979). Nogomet II., Metodika obuke i elementarne tehnike. Sveučilište u Zagrebu, Visoka škola za fi zičku kulturu, Zagreb.

2. Bala, G. (1981). Struktura i razvoj morfoloških i motoričkih dimenzija djece SAP Vojvodine. Fakultet fi zičke kulture, Novi Sad.

3. Elsner, B. (1985). Metodika rada sa nogometašima. Sportska knjiga, Beograd.

4. Biancotti, P. P., Caropreso, A., Di Vicenco, G. C., Ganzit, G. P., Gribaudo, C. G. (1992). Hematological status in group of male athletes of diff erent sports. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 32, 70-75.

5. Jerković, S., Barišić, V. (1994). Kanonička povezanost nekih situacijsko-motoričkih varijabli i uspjeha u nogometnoj igri (disertacija), Zagreb, Kineziološki fakultet.

6. Barišić, V. (1996). Strukturalna analiza nogometne igre na temelju nekih antropoloških karakteristika. (Magistarski rad), Fakultet za fi zičku kulturu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu.

7. Milanović, D. (1997). Priručnik za sportske trenere, Zagreb, Kineziološki fakultet.

8. Helgerud, J., Engen, L. C., Wisloff , U., Hoff , J., ( 2001). Aerobic endurance training improves soccer performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. (2001) Nov; 33 (11): 1925-31

9. Talović, M. (2001). Efekti programa na poboljšanje motoričkih i funkcionalnih sposobnosti kao i nekih elemenata tehnike nogometaša. Fakultet za fi zičku kulturu u Sarajevu, Doktorska disertacija, Sarajevo.

10. Kvesić, M. (2002). Nivo razlika motoričkih i situaciono-motoričkih sposobnosti djece uzrasta od 12-14 godina, koja se bave i one koja se ne bave sistematskim trenažnim procesom u nogometu. Magistarski rad, Fakultet za fi zičku kulturu, Sarajevo.

11. P. Dujmović, V. Mihačić (2004). Priručnik za nogometne trenere UEFA- B. Zagreb.

12. McMillian, K., Helgerud, J.M., MacDonald, R. Hoff , J., (2005). Physiological adaptationes to soccer specifi c endurance training in professional jouth soccer players. Br J Sports Med. (2005) May; 39 (5): 273-7

13. Erceg, M., Zagorac M., Katić, R., (2008). Ê e impact of football training on motor development in male children. Volume 32, Issue 1, March (2008), Pages 241-247 Faculty of Natural Sciences , Mathematics and Kinesiology , University of Split, Split, Croatia.

Documents

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE - bib.irb.hr · PDF fileProf. Dušanka Lazarević, ... Prof. Dragoljub Višnjić, PhD, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, ... Gospić, Hrvatska