Index [assets.cambridge.org]assets.cambridge.org/97805211/83079/index/... · hyperparathyroidism 558–60 osteomalacia 271–73 bony metastases 299–303, 552–54 back pain 570–71

591

Index

abdominal aortic aneurysm 104–05abdominal bloating/distension

infants 517–18liposarcoma 198–200necrotizing enterocolitis in infant 537–38ovarian cancer 480–81recurrent urinary tract infections 539–40uterus didelphys 476–77

abdominal mass, oncocytoma 465–66abdominal pain

amyloidosis 203–04colitis 189Crohn’s disease 153–54, 557–58dermoid 474–75diverticular abscess 183–85intussusception due to lipoma 170–72mesenteric ischaemia 193–95obturator hernia 157–59ovarian cancer 480–81post-embolization hepatic abscesses 110–11recurrent urinary tract infections 539–40ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma 139–41sclerosing mesenteritis 195–98severe 104–05small bowel lymphoma 155–57toxic megacolon 187–88uterus didelphys 476–77

Abraham Lincoln sign 251–52abscess

Brodie’s 321diverticular 183–85lung 67–68periodontal 427post-embolization hepatic 110–11

achalasia 116–18achondroplasia 542acro-osteolysis 227–28, 305–06

hand 266–67acro-osteosclerosis, hand 267acromegaly, fibrous dysplasia 514acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

(ADEM) 445adamantinoma 318–19adenoid cystic carcinoma 374adenomyosis 479adipose tissue, brown 572–74adolescents

diastematomyelia 399–401neck swelling 536–37

adrenal metastases 560–63adult polycystic kidney disease (APCK)

468–69

air crescent sign 86, 100alcoholism, neuropathic joints 293–94allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 85,

86bronchiectasis 9, 10

allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) 402–03alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, bronchiectasis

9, 10Alzheimer’s disease 582–83amyloid protein 204amyloidosis 203–04angiomyolipoma 466–67angioplasty, Takayasu’s arteritis 107ankle joint

pain in synovial osteochondromatosis 242–44

reduced movement 242–44twisting injury 228–29

ankylosing spondylitis 258anterior cruciate ligament 297antibiotics, parenteral for septic arthritis 23aorta

intramural haematoma 7–8lumens 75size 105Takayasu’s arteritis 107ulceration 8

aortic aneurysm leaking thoracic 17–19see also abdominal aortic aneurysm

aortic coarctation 12–13aortic dissection 8, 74–75aortic valve

aortic intramural haematoma 8bicuspid in leaking thoracic aortic aneur-

ysm 19Apert’s syndrome 535appendicitis 173–75appendolith 174arachnoid membrane tears 347arm

liposarcoma 235painful 45–46swollen in lipoma 232–35weakness in multiple sclerosis 443–45

Arnold–Chiari malformation 392arterial hypertension 395arteriovenous malformations, idiopathic 15arthralgia

sarcoid 311Takayasu’s arteritis 106–08

arthritis

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Ind

ex

592

Perthes’ disease 507psoriatic 303–06septic 22–23see also rheumatoid arthritis

asbestos exposure mesothelioma 90pleural plaque 36

aspergilloma 85, 86air-crescent sign 100aspergillosis

air-crescent sign 100allergic bronchopulmonary 9, 10, 85, 86angioinvasive 85bronchiectasis 9, 10invasive 84–86, 100pneumothorax 100

asphyxiation, relapsing polychondritis 73asthma

fungal sinusitis 401–03nasal polyposis 423–25

astrocytoma 355juvenile pilocytic 528–31

ataxia, childhood 528–33atherosclerosis, aortic intramural haema-

toma 8autoimmune conditions

retroperitoneal fibrosis 202sclerosing cholangitis 205see also Graves’ disease

autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, dermoid cyst association 475

autosomal dominant polycystic kidney dis-ease 395

avascular necrosis femoral head 255–331, 506–07metatarsal head 211–13

axillary lymph nodes, enlarged 494–95

back pain bony metastases 552–54, 570–71calcified psoas abscess 284–86child 282–84discitis 224–26elderly patients 284–86eosinophilic granuloma 282–84retroperitoneal fibrosis 201–02sacral insufficiency fracture 577–78sacral metastases 249–50Scheuermann’s disease 264–65spinal tuberculosis 284–86superscan 570–71

Balo’s concentric sclerosis 445Bankart lesion, reverse 220basal ganglia infarction, bilateral 389–91behaviour, abnormal

CNS lymphoma 380–82followed by consciousness decrease

360–61subdural collection 377–80

berry aneurysms 395bezoar 127–28biliary brushings

cholangiocarcinoma 205ERCP 166, 167

biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholan-gitis 205

biliary duct obstruction 166

biliary stone, primary sclerosing cholangitis 205

biliary tree dilatation in sclerosing cholangitis 205filling defects 146

Binswanger’s disease 365bladder

exstrophy 471–72neurogenic 579outlet obstruction in vesicoureteric reflux

579retrovesical fistula 469–70rupture

extraperitoneal 453–55intraperitoneal 453–54

blanch sign 519Bochdalek hernia 544Boerhaave’s syndrome, oesophageal rupture

122bone

cyst 280cystic lesions 310, 311infarct in knee 221–23lytic lesions 262, 263, 280, 301, 318–19

brown tumour 307–08metabolic disease 571resorption 307, 308underdevelopment in old polio 260–61see also giant-cell tumour; Paget’s disease

of bonebone pain

Abraham Lincoln sign 251–52brown tumour 238–40hyperparathyroidism 558–60osteomalacia 271–73

bony metastases 299–303, 552–54back pain 570–71

bowel calcification 186faecal residue 178incomplete rotation 186malrotation 186, 544necrosis 505non-rotation 185–86obstruction in intussusception 172perforation 505polyps 178pseudopolyps 187reverse rotation 186

bowel habit change colorectal tumour 175–78retrorectal mass 179–82

bowel wall gas 194mesenteric ischaemia 194–95

brachycephaly 535brain

contusion 413–16diffuse axonal injury 416multiple sclerosis 445parietal region hypometabolism 582

branchial cleft cyst 333–35BRCA1 and 2 mutations 485breast

enlarged lymph nodes 494–95fat necrosis 500–01microcalcifications 488–89, 496–97, 499






Ind

ex

593

Paget’s disease 486–87previous surgery 500–01simple cyst 492–93

breast cancer 484–85bilateral 498–99ductal carcinoma in situ 488–89male 491malignant effusion 26–27Paget’s disease of breast 486–87

Brodie’s abscess 321bronchial carcinoid

pulmonary hamartoma differential diag-nosis 51

with single rib metastasis 62–65bronchial carcinoma

extrinsic malignant compression of oesophagus 124

metastases 250lytic of fingers 301

pathological fracture due to bony metas-tases 300

bronchial dilatation 9bronchiectasis 9–10bronchiolitis, post-infective 93bronchopneumonia

invasive aspergillosis differential diagno-sis 85

reactivation tuberculosis differential diag-nosis 68

bronchopulmonary dysplasia 546brown fat 572–74brown tumour 238–40, 280, 308

children 280lytic bone lesions 307–08

bruising, non-accidental injury 521buccal mucosa, squamous cell carcinoma

427, 428

caecal volvulus 192–93calcaneal lipoma 209–11calcinosis circumscripta 227–28calcinosis universalis 227–28calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD)

crystals 241calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD)

deposition disease 230–31, 288calf muscle hypertrophy 103calf pain, popliteal arterial entrapment syn-

drome 101–03candidiasis, oesophageal/Candida oesopha-

gitis 99, 114–16carbon monoxide poisoning 390carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), raised

470carcinoid

sclerosing mesenteritis differential diag-nosis 197

small bowel 159–61with single rib metastasis 62–65carcinoid syndrome 161carcinomatosis, peritoneal 198cardiac arrest, hypoxic–ischaemic injury

446–48cardiophrenic angle opacification, pectus

excavatum 16Carney’s triad 51caroticocavernous fistula 383–84

carotid artery stenosis, fibromuscular dys-plasia 109

carpal arc disruption 274–75carpal instability 342, Castleman’s disease, lymphadenopathy 536,

537cavernoma 342cavernous angioma 341–43cerebellar tonsils

carcinoma 367, 368herniation 392–93, 530

cerebellopontine angle meningioma 339cerebral aneurysm, ruptured 404cerebral deep venous system 361cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 405–07cerebral venous thrombosis 360–61cerebritis, frontal 379cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leak 337cervical lymphadenopathy 367Charcot joints 293–94chemoembolization, hepatic artery for hepa-

tocellular carcinoma 110–11chest drain, pneumothorax 47chest infection

Duchenne muscular dystrophy 237–38Golden S sign 60–62

chest pain 7–8children 515–16, 549–50diffuse sclerotic metastases 78–79inferior vena cava filter fragmentation

111–13multiple myeloma 261–63oesophageal rupture 121–22pneumomediastinum 549–50thymoma 94–96

Chiari malformation 485–87, childhood polycystic kidney disease 469children

ataxia 528–33back pain 282–84chest pain 515–16, 549–50congenital lobar emphysema 515–16cough 515–16, 549–51developmental dysplasia of hip 502–03elbow dislocation reduction 323–26eosinophilic granuloma 280, 282–84ependymoma 525–27Ewing’s sarcoma 540–41expansile rib lesions 280eye abnormality 428–30fever 550–51headache 525–27, 528–33hip pain 512–14, 518–20Hodgkin’s lymphoma 537horseshoe kidney 575–76hypoxic–ischaemic injury 448intussusception 504–06juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma 528–31learning difficulties 531–33leg pain 523–24limping 506–07lymphoma 280Madelung’s deformity 542–43medial epicondyle avulsion 323–26medulloblastoma 526–27, 531–33metastases 301osteosarcoma 540–41






Ind

ex

594

papilloedema 525–27pneumomediastinum 549–50renal scarring 586–87retinoblastoma 428–30right upper quadrant pain 550–51round pneumonia 550–51shoulder swelling 540–41slipped capital femoral epiphyses 518–20subdural empyema 379testicular torsion 455–57trauma 316–17urinary tract infections

persistent 578–79recurrent 539–40, 575–76, 586–87

urolithiasis 539–40vesicoureteric reflux 578–79vomiting 525–27, 528–31wrist pain/deformity 542–43see also adolescents; infants

cholangiocarcinoma, primary sclerosing chol-angitis 205

cholecysto-duodenal fistula 145cholesteatoma 419–20chondrocalcinosis 231chondroma 436chondrosarcoma 280, 288, 290, 292

hip pain 312–13Paget’s disease 565sinonasal 434–36

chordoma, spinal 250chronic atrophic gastritis 132–33chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) 83chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

(COPD) 48chronic renal failure, hyperparathyroidism-

associated 288, 308cigarette smoking, Langerhans cell histiocy-

tosis 32–34circle of Willis aneurysm 394–95cirrhosis

biliary in primary sclerosing cholangitis 205

pleural effusion 27with varices 124–26

cloverleaf skull 535CNS lymphoma 380–82cocaine abuse 81coeliac disease, small bowel lymphoma 156colitis 189

toxic megacolon 188collapsed homeless man, crack lung 80–81colloid cyst 396–98colo-colic intussusception 171–72colon

intussusception 170–72polyps 190, 191serosal pathology 186stricture 190–91thumbprinting 187, 188, 189toxic megacolon 187–88tumour perforation 184

colon cancer annular tumours 178diverticulitis differential diagnosis 184retrovesical fistula 470scirrhous carcinoma 190, 191

colorectal tumour 175–78computed tomography (CT)

leaking thoracic aortic aneurysm 18–19Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia 31

congenital cyanotic heart disease 15congenital diaphragmatic hernia 543–44congenital lobar emphysema 515–16congenital pulmonary hypoplasia 510–11congestive heart failure

Paget’s disease 565pleural effusion 27

connective tissue disorders intracranial aneurysms 395mixed connective tissue disease 267

consciousness, altered 344–46, 360–61continuous diaphragm line 550contusions, non-accidental injury 521corpus callosal abnormalities, grey matter

heterotopias 349costophrenic angle

blunting 13, 42shadow 262

cough children 515–16, 549–51elderly patients 279Hickman lines 98–100left lower lobe collapse 97–98left upper lobe collapse 69–71MacLeod’s syndrome 91–94non-specific pneumonitis 38–40plasmacytoma 279pneumomediastinum 549–50post-primary tuberculosis 66–68round pneumonia 550–51

Cowden’s disease 485crack lung 80–81craniopharyngioma 356, 357craniosynostosis 534–35CREST syndrome 267cribriform plate

fracture 418sinonasal chondrosarcoma 435

Crohn’s disease 153–54, 557–58retrovesical fistula 470toxic megacolon 188

Crouzon’s syndrome 535Cushing syndrome, fibrous dysplasia 514cyanotic heart disease, congenital 15cystic fibrosis

bronchiectasis 9, 10meconium peritonitis 517

cystitis, emphysematous 472–74cytomegalovirus (CMV) oesophagitis 116

Dandy Walker malformation 349deafness

neurofibromatosis type 2 375–77Paget’s disease 565

deep vein thrombosis cavernous transformation of portal vein

137–38pregnancy-associated 111–13

defibrillator see implantable cardiac defibril-lator (ICD)

deltoid ligament rupture 229dementia

Alzheimer’s disease 582–83

children (cont.)






Ind

ex

595

multi-infarct 582dermatomyositis 227–28, 288dermoid

benign cystic 95–96cyst 475presacral 181, 182

desmoid tumour, mesenteric 198developmental venous anomaly 343Devic’s neuromyelitis optica 445diabetes

emphysematous cystitis 473haemochromatosis 230–31

diabetic foot 293–95fractures 294

diaphragmatic hernia, congenital 543–44diaphyseal aclasia 291–92diarrhoea, amyloidosis 203–04diastematomyelia 399–401diffuse axonal injury (DAI) 416discitis 224–26discoid meniscus 216–18distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint erosion 304,

305, 307–08distal intestinal obstruction syndrome 517diverticular abscess 183–85diverticular disease 185

complications 184diverticulitis, retrovesical fistula 470diverticulosis 184diverticulum 190, 191double-duct sign 167double-line sign 223dripping candle wax appearance of tumour

526–27Duchenne muscular dystrophy 237–38duct ectasia 496–97ductal carcinoma in situ 488–89duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumour

133–35duodenum, ectopic pancreas 135–36dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour

(DNET) 362–64dysphagia

achalasia 116–18Candida oesophagitis 114–16

dyspnoea see shortness of breath

ear discharge in cholesteatoma 419–20recurrent infections in nasopharyngeal

carcinoma 437–39earache

oropharyngeal cancer 366–68relapsing polychondritis differential diag-

nosis 72–73ectopia, horseshoe kidney 576elbow, dislocation reduction 323–26elderly patients

back pain 284–86Candida oesophagitis 115colonic stricture 190–91cough 279osteoporosis circumscripta 583–85pathological fracture 299–303plasmacytoma 279sacral insufficiency fracture 577–78

emphysema

bullous 81congenital lobar 515–16subcutaneous in oesophageal rupture 122

emphysematous cystitis 472–74empty delta sign 406encephalitis, HSV 344–46enchondromata 280

Ollier’s disease 290secondary lesions 313solitary 313

endobronchial obstruction 61endometrioma 478, 479endometriosis 186, 478–79endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatog-

raphy (ERCP) biliary brushings 166, 167biliary duct obstruction 166sclerosing cholangitis 205

eosinophilic granuloma, children 280, 282–84ependymoma 525–27

medulloblastoma differential diagnosis 533

neurofibromatosis type 2 376epididymitis 462epididymo-orchitis 457epigastric pain, pancreatic head cancer

165–67epilepsy

temporal lobe 340–41see also seizures

epiphyseal dysplasias, multiple 542epispadias 471, 472Escherichia coli

discitis 225emphysematous cystitis 474

esthesioneuroblastoma see olfactory neuroblastoma

ethmoid air cells, opacification 432Eustachian tube, blocked 439Ewing’s sarcoma 280

children 540–41exstrophy–epispadias complex 471, 472extramedullary haematopoiesis, chronic

fatigue 357–59eye

childhood abnormality 428–30foreign body 411–12pain in sinonasal chondrosarcoma 434–36

facial fractures 416–18facial nerve

intraparotid 374paralysis 374

facial numbness, schwannoma 370–72faciocraniosynostosis 535faecolith, appendicitis 174falls, recurrent with headache 346–47familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) 151fat necrosis of breast 500–01fatigue, chronic 357–59femoral head

avascular necrosis 255–331, 506–07neoacetabulum formation 503

femur condylar bony defect 221–23demineralization 519fibrous dysplasia 512–14






Ind

ex

596

haemophiliac pseudotumour 236neck fracture 514slipped capital femoral epiphyses 518–20subperiosteal haemorrhage 236

fever carcinoid with single rib metastasis 62–65children 550–51diverticular abscess 183–85Hickman lines 98–100invasive aspergillosis 84–86round pneumonia 550–51subdural collection 377–80Takayasu’s arteritis 106–08

fibromuscular dysplasia 108–09fibrosarcoma, Paget’s disease 565fibrous dysplasia 280, 512–14

children 280Paget’s disease differential diagnosis 585tibial lytic lesions 318–19

fibula fracture 229lytic lesions 318–19

finger pain in osteoid osteoma 320–22sausage digit 305weakness in glioblastoma multiforme

440–42see also metacarpophalangeal joints

fludeoxyglucose (FDG) 562, 563, 589, 590flushing, carcinoid with single rib metastasis

62–65focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) 141–43foot

pain calcaneal lipoma 209–11Freiberg’s disease 211–13

swollen 293–95swollen joints in gout 240–41see also ankle joint; metatarsophalangeal

jointsforamen of Monro, colloid cyst 397foreign body

eye 411–12infants 508–10larynx 509oesophageal 509tracheal 508, 509

fractures banana 565cribriform plate 418diabetic foot 294facial 416–18fatigue 578femoral neck 514fibula 229insufficiency 578Le Fort 418Lisfranc 294Maisonneuve 229metaphyseal in infant 520–22non-accidental injury 520–22pathological 210, 299–303posterior glenoid 220pubic rami 453sacral insufficiency 577–78scaphoid 275

Segond 296–98skull 413–16stress 578ulna 316–17

Freiberg’s disease 211–13frontal cerebritis 379frontal sinusitis 379functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)

425fungal infection

emphysematous cystitis 474invasive aspergillosis differential diagno-

sis 85reactivation tuberculosis differential diag-

nosis 67–68sinusitis 401–03see also aspergilloma; aspergillosis;

candidiasis, oesophageal/Candida oesophagitis

gait antalgic 523–24limping in Perthes’ disease 506–07

gallbladder cancer 149–50chronic inflammation and cholecysto-

duodenal fistula 145porcelain 147–48

gallstone ileus 143–45gallstones

complications 146Crohn’s disease 154multiple 145–47sickle cell disease 258

ganglioglioma 363gastric adenocarcinoma 129, 130gastric adenoma, hyperplastic gastric polyps

132gastric lymphoma 129–30gastric polyps, hyperplastic 131–33gastritis, chronic atrophic 132–33gastro-oesophageal varices 125gastrointestinal bleed, mucinous cystad-

enoma 163–64gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST)

duodenal 133–35ectopic pancreas differential diagnosis 136

Gaucher’s disease 257avascular necrosis of femoral heads 258

giant cell arteritis, Takayasu’s arteritis differ-ential diagnosis 107

giant cell tumour 314–15subependymal astrocytoma 451, 452

Girdlestone operation 312glenoid fracture, posterior 220glenoid labrum tear 220glioblastoma multiforme 440–42glioma

low-grade 353–55neurofibromatosis type 2 376

gnathic osteosarcoma 314–30goitre, toxic multinodular 556, 574–75Golden S sign, chest infection 60–62gout

foot swollen joints 240–41tophaceous 241

Graves’ disease 556

femur (cont.)






Ind

ex

597

deranged thyroid function 568–69toxic multinodular goitre differential diag-

nosis 575grey matter heterotopias, seizures 348–49gums, bleeding/painful in oral cancer 426–28gut volvulus 544

caecal 192–93small bowel 186

gynaecomastia 490–91

haematemesis, cirrhosis with varices 124–26haematocolpos 476–77haematometra 476–77haematuria 464haemochromatosis, hand 230–31haemoglobin 359

globin chains 358haemophiliac arthropathy 236haemophiliac haemarthrosis 247–48haemophiliac pseudotumour 235–36Haemophilus influenzae 11haemoptysis, post-primary tuberculosis

66–68haemorrhagic macroadenoma 356haemosiderin deposition, pigmented villon-

odular synovitis 248haemosiderosis, pulmonary 25hand

osteomalacia 271–73pain

haemochromatosis 230–31hyperparathyroidism 306–09

psoriatic arthritis 303–06sarcoid 310–11scleroderma 266–68soft tissue calcification 267swelling 303–06, 310–11weakness

Chiari I malformation 391–93glioblastoma multiforme 440–42see also finger; wrist

head and neck cancer 335, 428non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 588–90

head circumference, poor growth in infant 534–35

headache caroticocavernous fistula 383–84cavernous angioma 341–43Chiari I malformation 391–93childhood 525–27, 528–33circle of Willis aneurysm 394–95colloid cyst 396–98daily orthostatic 336–37fungal sinusitis 401–03low-grade glioma 353–55olfactory neuroblastoma 350–52postural 396–98recurrent falls 346–47spontaneous 403–04subarachnoid haemorrhage 403–04subdural collection 377–80trivial trauma 341–43tuberous sclerosis 449–52venous sinus thrombosis 405–07

heart failure interstitial pulmonary oedema 48, 49see also congestive heart failure

Helicobacter pylori 132hemithorax

opaque in infant 511veil-like opacity 70, 71

hepatic abscesses, post-embolization 110–11hepatic artery

chemoembolization in post-embolization hepatic abscesses 110–11

lymphadenopathy 167hepatitis C 139–41hepatocellular carcinoma

cirrhosis 126fibrolamellar 143post-embolization hepatic abscesses 110–11ruptured 139–41

hepatopulmonary syndrome 15hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia 15hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) 291herpes simplex virus (HSV)

encephalitis 344–46oesophagitis 116

heterotopias, grey matter 348–49Hickman lines 98–100hilar lymphadenopathy, bilateral 82–83Hilgenreiner’s line 503Hill–Sachs deformity, reverse 220hip

developmental dysplasia 502–03limited range of movement 518–20stability assessment 503swelling/reduced movement with tumoral

calcinosis 287–89hip pain

avascular necrosis 255–331childhood 512–14, 518–20chondrosarcoma 312–13fibrous dysplasia 512–14sacral metastases 249–50

hippocampal sclerosis 340–41hippocampus, HSV encephalitis 345HIV infection

Candida oesophagitis 114–16CNS lymphoma 380–82Pneumocystis jirovecii 30–31

Hodgkin’s lymphoma 29children 537

homelessness, crack lung 80–81Howship–Romberg sign 158humerus

dislocation of head 220distal epiphyses 326

hydrocephalus 392craniosynostosis 535ependymoma 526–27medulloblastoma 533normal pressure 364–66obstructive 382, 397, 526–27

Paget’s disease 565hydrocoele, scrotal 457hydronephrosis 471

horseshoe kidney 576hydropneumothorax 64, 65

oesophageal rupture 122hypercalcaemia 288

ectopic parathyroid adenoma 580–81parathyroid adenoma 559urolithiasis 539






Ind

ex

598

hypercalciuria 460urolithiasis 539

hyperparathyroidism 306–09, 558–60brown tumour 239, 240, 280

children 280chronic renal failure 288, 308ectopic parathyroid adenoma 581fibrous dysplasia 514rib notching 13superscan 571urolithiasis 539

hypersensitivity pneumonitis 33hypertension, fibromuscular dysplasia

108–09hyperthyroidism 535

Graves’ disease 569hypertransradiancy, MacLeod’s syndrome

92, 93hypertrophic osteoarthropathy 554–55hyperuricaemia 241, 288hyphaema 412hypoglycaemia, insulinoma 162–63hypopituitarism 423hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy, diffuse

368–70hypoxic–ischaemic injury 446–48

iatrogenic injury, oesophageal rupture 122idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)

diagnosis 37Kerley B lines 49Langerhans cell histiocytosis differential

diagnosis 33usual interstitial pneumonia differential

diagnosis 36–37ileitis, backwash 154ileocaecal valve competence 193ileostomy bag, ulcerative colitis 258ileus, gallstone 143–45iliac fossa pain see right iliac fossa painimmunocompromised patients, Candida

oesophagitis 115immunological deficiency, bronchiectasis 9,

10implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD), dis-

placed leads 44–45infants

abdominal distension 517–18congenital pulmonary hypoplasia 510–11craniosynostosis 534–35drooling/distressed 508–10foreign body 508–10head circumference poor growth 534–35hypoxic–ischaemic injury 448leg injury 520–22meconium peritonitis 517–18necrotizing enterocolitis 537–38non-accidental injury 520–22oesophageal atresia 547–48preterm 537–38recurrent urinary tract infections 539–40reduced oxygen saturation in neonate

547–48respiratory distress 543–44, 545–46scrotal oedema 517–18urolithiasis 539–40

infection

bronchiectasis 9, 10discitis 224–26Duchenne muscular dystrophy 237–38emphysematous cystitis 472–74fludeoxyglucose uptake in lymph nodes

590invasive aspergillosis differential diagno-

sis 85pleural effusion 27pleural tumour differential diagnosis 90primary sclerosing cholangitis 205recurrent ear 437–39retrovesical fistula 470septic arthritis 22–23Takayasu’s arteritis differential diagnosis

107testicular 462see also abscess; fungal infection

infectious mononucleosis, lymphadenopathy 536

infective endocarditis 22–23PICC line 23

inferior vena cava filter fragmentation 111–13inflammation

bowel 557–58fludeoxyglucose uptake in lymph nodes

590retrovesical fistula 470

inflammatory arthropathy, Crohn’s disease 154

inflammatory bowel disease primary sclerosing cholangitis 205see also Crohn’s disease; ulcerative colitis

inflammatory disorders, intracranial aneu-rysms 395

insulinoma 162–63internal auditory canal, meningioma 338–40internal carotid artery disease 387interphalangeal joint arthropathy 267interstitial pneumonitis 35–37intestinal lipoma 170–72intracortical haemangioma 321intracranial hypotension 336–37intracranial pressure, raised

craniosynostosis 535juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma 530

intraparotid facial nerve 374intravenous drug abuse, talcosis with unilat-

eral lung transplant 41intussusception 504–06

due to lipoma 170–72small bowel 172

iron deposition, thalassaemia 358, 359islet cell tumours 162–63

MEN-1 559

jaundice, obstructive 146jaw see mandiblejuvenile pilocytic astrocytoma 528–31

Kartagener’s syndrome, bronchiectasis 9Kerley B lines 48, 49kidney

ectopia 576horseshoe 463–64, 575–76injury 463–64medullary sponge 459–60






Ind

ex

599

polycystic kidney disease adult 468–69autosomal dominant 395childhood 469

renal scarring in children 586–87retroperitoneal fibrosis 202thoracic 576Wegener’s granulomatosis 53see also renal entries

Kienböck’s disease 566–68Klebsiella pneumoniae 11

emphysematous cystitis 474Klein line 519Klinefelter’s syndrome 491knee

osteochondritis dissecans 523–24Paget’s disease of patella 213–15swelling in pigmented villonodular syno-

vitis 248–44trauma 296–98twisting injury while skiing 296–98

knee pain bone infarct 221–23discoid meniscus 216–18Paget’s disease 213–15pigmented villonodular synovitis 248–44

kyphosis, Scheuermann’s disease 264

Lady Windermere syndrome 10Langerhans cell histiocytosis 32–34

lymphadenopathy 536see also eosinophilic granuloma

Langerhans granuloma 33, 34large bowel, non-rotation 185–86Le Fort fractures 418learning difficulties, childhood 531–33left ventricular aneurysm 57, 58left ventricular pseudoaneurysm 58leg

injury in infants 520–22pain

childhood 523–24diaphyseal aclasia 291–92

thigh swelling in haemophiliac pseudotu-mour 235–36

weakness in diastematomyelia 399–401see also ankle joint; foot

Legg–Calve–Perthes disease 507Legionella pneumophila 11lens subluxation/dislocation 412Leri–Weill syndrome 542leukaemia

chronic lymphatic 83mediastinal lymphadenopathy 537

Li–Fraumeni syndrome 485lightbulb sign 219limping, Perthes’ disease 506–07lipodystrophy, sclerosing mesenteritis 198lipohaemarthrosis 296–97lipoma

arm 232–35calcaneal 209–11intussusception 170–72retrorectal myelolipoma 179–82spinal 410

lipomyelocele 410lipomyelomeningocele 410

liposarcoma 198–200arm 235presacral 181, 182

Lisfranc fractures 294liver

adult polycystic kidney disease 468focal nodular hyperplasia 141–43metastases 177multiple hypervascular metastases 139see also cirrhosis; hepatic entries

Looser’s zones 271, 272‘Luftsichel’ sign 71lunate dislocation 275lung

abscess 67–68agenesis 510, 511aplasia 511bullous emphysema 81cannonball lesions 280congenital hypoplasia 510–11congenital lobar emphysema 515–16consolidation in Duchenne muscular dys-

trophy 237crack 80–81left lower lobe collapse 97–98left upper lobe collapse 69–71metastases 53popcorn calcification 51talcosis with unilateral transplant 41tram-line opacities 9tree-in-bud appearance 68, 72Wegener’s granulomatosis 53, 67–68see also pulmonary entries

lung cancer adenocarcinoma 76–78adrenal metastases 560–63illicit drug-induced 81lymphangitis carcinomatosa 76–78non-small-cell 560–63reactivation tuberculosis, differential diag-

nosis 67–68smoking 81

lung nodules multiple cavitating 52–53pulmonary hamartoma 51

lymph nodes calcification 29

intra-abdominal 203enlarged axillary 494–95fludeoxyglucose uptake 589, 590neck 588–90necrotic metastatic 334suppurative 334

lymphadenopathy axillary 495bilateral hilar 82–83mediastinal 99, 536–37Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia 31sarcoidosis 21, 22thoracic 536–37

lymphangiomatosis 280lymphangioleiomyomatosis 467lymphangitis carcinomatosa 76–78

Kerley B lines 49sarcoidosis differential diagnosis 21

lymphoma amyloidosis differential diagnosis 203






Ind

ex

600

biopsy 29children 280CNS 380–82fludeoxyglucose uptake in lymph nodes

590lytic bone lesions 301mediastinal lymphadenopathy 537risk 382staging 29superior mediastinal mass 28testicular 457, 462see also Hodgkin’s lymphoma; non-Hodg-

kin’s lymphoma

MacLeod’s syndrome 91–94Madelung’s deformity 289–90, 542–43Maffucci’s syndrome 290Maisonneuve fracture 229malabsorption, amyloidosis 203–04Mallory–Weiss tears 122

oesophageal rupture 122MALToma 130mammogram, routine screening

duct ectasia 496–97ductal carcinoma in situ 488–89enlarged lymph nodes 494–95simple cyst 492–93unilateral breast tumour 484–85

mammogram, symptomatic breast clinic, bilateral breast cancer 498–99

mandible eosinophilic granuloma 283gnathic osteosarcoma 314–30metastases 330Paget’s disease 251–52

Marburg disease 445Marfan’s syndrome

leaking thoracic aortic aneurysm 19pectus excavatum 17

mastoid air cells 420opacification 415

McCune–Albright syndrome, fibrous dyspla-sia 514

meconium calcification 518meconium ileus 517meconium peritonitis 517–18medial epicondyle

avulsion 323–26epiphysis 326

mediastinal lymphadenopathy 536–37mediastinal mass

extrinsic malignant compression of oesophagus 124

superior 27–29medullary sponge kidney 459–60medullary thyroid carcinoma 559–60medulloblastoma 526–27, 531–33memory problem

Alzheimer’s disease 582–83normal pressure hydrocephalus 364–66pituitary macroadenoma 421–23

meningioma internal auditory canal 338–40neurofibromatosis type 2 376spinal 339

meniscus tear 297

mental status/function, altered in hypoxic–ischaemic injury 446–48

mesenteric calcification 197mesenteric ischaemia 193–95mesenteric lymph nodes

calcification 285carcinoid syndrome 161

mesenteric tumours 198mesenteritis

retractile 198sclerosing 195–98

mesial temporal sclerosis 340–41mesothelioma 90–88metabolic bone disease 571metacarpal, short fourth 265–66metacarpophalangeal joints

arthropathy 267haemochromatosis 230–31

metaphyseal fracture, infant 520–22metastases

adrenal 560–63bony 299–303, 552–54, 570–71bronchial carcinoma 250, 300

lytic of fingers 301brown tumour 239calcified 100carcinoid syndrome 161

single rib 62–65children 301diffuse sclerotic 78–79ectopic pancreas differential diagnosis 136endobronchial 97ependymoma 527fludeoxyglucose uptake in lymph nodes

590Hickman lines 99invasive aspergillosis differential diagno-

sis 85liver 177lung 53lymphangitis carcinomatosa 77, 78lytic 280, 301mandible 330medulloblastoma 533mesothelioma differential diagnosis 90miliary tuberculosis differential diagno-

sis 6multiple hypervascular of liver 139necrotic lymph node 334olfactory neuroblastoma 352osteoporosis circumscripta differential

diagnosis 584osteosarcoma 100, 541pathological fracture 299–303posterior fossa 530rib 263sacral 249–50sclerotic 300single rib with carcinoid 62–65testicular 462

metatarsal, avascular necrosis of head 211–13metatarsophalangeal joints

arthropathy 293diabetic foot 294resorption 294swollen 241

middle cerebral artery territory infarct 386

lymphoma (cont.)






Ind

ex

601

miliary nodules/shadowing 6–7mitral annular calcification 25mitral regurgitation 25mitral stenosis 24–25mixed connective tissue disease 267Monteggia fracture, children 316–17Morgagni hernia 544motor vehicle accident see road traffic

accidentmucinous cystadenoma 163–64mucocele, paranasal sinus 433mucociliary clearance defect, bronchiectasis

9mucopolysaccharidoses 535, 542mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymph-

oma (MALToma) 130Müllerian duct abnormalities 477multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN)

islet cell tumours 162–63parathyroid adenoma 559type 1 559type 2a 559–60

multiple epiphyseal dysplasias 542multiple hereditary osteochondromatosis 542multiple myeloma 280multiple sclerosis 443–45muscle weakness, calcinosis universalis

227–28mycobacteria

atypical in oesophagitis 116see also tuberculosis

Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) 10Mycobacterium tuberculosis 11myelofibrosis, avascular necrosis of femoral

heads 258myelolipoma, retrorectal 179–82myeloma 250, 280

lytic bone lesions 301myelomeningocele, neuropathic joints 293–94myocardial calcification 56–58myocardial infarction (MI) 17–19myositis ossificans 288

nasal polyposis 423–25nasal stuffiness

nasal polyposis 423–25sinonasal chondrosarcoma 434–36

nasal swelling, sinonasal chondrosarcoma 434–36

naso-ethmoid-orbital fracture 418nasopharyngeal carcinoma 437–39nausea and dizziness, meningioma 338–40neck mass with otalgia, oropharyngeal can-

cer 366–68neck swelling

adolescent 536–37parotid tumour 373–74

necrotizing enterocolitis 537–38nephrocalcinosis 460

medullary 460neural placode 410neuroblastoma

mediastinal lymphadenopathy 537olfactory 350–52

neuroepithelial cyst 363neurofibroma 327–32neurofibromatosis 330

optic glioma 387–89rib notching 13type 1 387–89type 2 371, 372, 375–77

neurogenic bladder, vesicoureteric reflux 579neuropathic foot 293–94nipple

retraction 497, 499soft lump in male 490–91

non-accidental injury 520–22non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 29, 588–90non-ossifying fibroma 318–19non-small-cell lung cancer 560–63normal pressure hydrocephalus 364–66

secondary 365

obturator hernia 157–59ocular tumours 428–30oculomotor (third) nerve palsy 404oesophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis

119–20oesophageal varices, mucinous cystadenoma

163–64oesophagitis, Candida 99, 114–16oesophagus

atresia 547–48candidiasis 99, 114–16dilated 117–18extrinsic malignant compression 123–24intramural haematoma 122malignancy 118, 120perforation 122rupture 121–22stricture dilatation 122

olfactory neuroblastoma 350–52oligoastrocytoma 355oligodendroglioma 355Ollier’s disease 289–90, 542oncocytoma 465–66ophthalmoplegia, caroticocavernous fistula

383–84optic atrophy, Paget’s disease 565optic glioma 387–89oral cancer 426–28oral cavity 427–28orbital trauma 411–12oropharyngeal cancer 366–68Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome 15osteitis fibrosa cystica 240osteoarthritis, erosive 304osteoarthropathy, hypertrophic 554–55osteoblastoma 321, 322osteochondritis dissecans 523–24osteochondroma 291, 292

secondary lesions 313osteochondromatosis, multiple hereditary

542osteofibrous dysplasia, tibial lytic lesions

318–19osteogenesis imperfecta, rib notching 13osteoid osteoma 320–22, 567osteomalacia 271–73

superscan 571osteomyelitis

osteosarcoma differential diagnosis 541pyogenic 286tuberculous 285






Ind

ex

602

osteonecrosis 567–68osteoporosis

circumscripta 583–85sacral insufficiency fractures 577

osteosarcoma 288children 540–41gnathic 314–30metastases 100Paget’s disease 565

otalgia oropharyngeal cancer 366–68relapsing polychondritis differential diag-

nosis 72–73otitis media, secondary 439ovarian cancer 480–81oxycephaly 535oxygen saturation, reduced neonatal 547–48

pacemaker, conventional 44pachydermoperiostosis 555Paget’s disease of bone

bone scan 564–65expansile rib lesions 280lytic phase 584mandible 251–52neurological complications 584osteoporosis circumscripta 583–85of patella 213–15sites 584superscan 571

Paget’s disease of breast 486–87Pancoast tumour 301

thoracic outlet syndrome differential diag-nosis 46

pancreas/pancreatic cancer CT imaging 167ectopic 135–36insulinoma 162islet cell tumours 162–63, 559MEN-1 559mucinous cystadenoma 163–64of pancreatic head 165–67prognosis 167pseudocyst 164, 168–70serous cystadenoma 164

pancreatic duct obstruction 166pancreatitis 168–70

avascular necrosis of femoral heads 258panniculitis, sclerosing mesenteritis 198papillary thyroid carcinoma 335papilloedema, childhood 525–27paraesthesia, multiple sclerosis 443–45parahippocampal region, HSV encephalitis

345paranasal sinus tumour 431–33paraneoplastic syndromes, lymphoma 29parathyroid adenoma 558–60

ectopic 580–81parietal region hypometabolism 582parotid tumour 373–74patella, Paget’s disease 213–15pectus excavatum 16–17pelvic malignancy, retrovesical fistula 470pelvic pain

chronic in endometriosis 478–79old polio 260–61

pelviureteric junction obstruction 471

pencil-in-cup joint deformity 304, 305pentamidine, pneumocystis infection 31pericardial calcification 57–58perilunate dislocation 275periodontal abscess 427peritoneal carcinomatosis 198peritoneal lymphoma 198peritoneal malignancy 481peritoneal pericardial hernia 544peritonitis, toxic megacolon 188periureteric diverticulum, vesicoureteric

reflux 579periventricular leukomalacia 448Perkins’ line 503Perthes’ disease 506–07Peutz–Jeghers syndrome 151–52phaeochromocytoma 559–60phalanges

cyst-like lesions 310cystic lesions 310, 311erosion 310osteoid osteoma 321subperiosteal resorption 307, 308

PICC line, infective endocarditis 23pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS)

248–44pituitary macroadenoma 421–23pituitary tumours, MEN-1 559plagiocephaly 535plasmacytoma 279pleural disease, benign/malignant 90pleural effusion

breast cancer 26–27oesophageal rupture 122

pleural plaque mesothelioma 90usual interstitial pneumonitis 36

pneumatocoele, pneumocystis infection 31pneumaturia, retrovesical fistula 469–70pneumocolon 177pneumoconiosis, miliary tuberculosis differ-

ential diagnosis 6Pneumocystis jirovecii 30–31, 99pneumomediastinum 549–50

oesophageal rupture 122respiratory distress syndrome of the new-

born 546tension pneumopericardium 87

pneumonia community-acquired lobar 11cryptogenic organizing 85Duchenne muscular dystrophy 237left lower lobe 11–12miliary tuberculosis differential diagno-

sis 6Pneumocystis jirovecii 30–31, 99round 550–51see also bronchopneumonia

pneumonitis desquamative interstitial 39–40differential diagnosis 39hypersensitivity 33, 39interstitial 35–37

non-specific 39–40usual 39

non-specific 38–40pneumoperitoneum 47






Ind

ex

603

meconium peritonitis 517pneumothorax 47

aspergillosis 100Hickman lines 99oesophageal rupture 122osteosarcoma metastases 100pneumomediastinum differential diagno-

sis 549respiratory distress syndrome of the new-

born 546tension 122tension pneumopericardium 87see also hydropneumothorax

poliomyelitis, old 260–61polychondritis, relapsing 72–73polycythaemia vera 535polypectomy and functional endoscopic

sinus surgery (FESS) 425popcorn calcification of lung 51popliteal arterial entrapment syndrome

101–03portal hypertension, cirrhosis 126portal vein

cavernous transformation 137–38gas 194, 195

portal vein thrombosis cavernous transformation of portal vein

138cirrhosis 126

post-embolization hepatic abscesses 110–11posterior communicating artery aneurysm

404posterior fossa tumour

ependymoma 526–27juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma 528–31metastases 530

postnasal drip, nasal polyposis 423–25postpartum haemorrhage history, hyperpara-

thyroidism 306–09Potts’ disease 284–86pregnancy-associated deep vein thrombosis

111–13presacral liposarcoma 181, 182presacral width 181preterm infants

necrotizing enterocolitis 537–38respiratory distress 545–46

primary sclerosing cholangitis 205primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET)

533proptosis, Graves’ disease 569prostate cancer, diffuse sclerotic metastases

79Proteus spp.

discitis 225recurrent urinary tract infections 539–40

pseudo-delta sign 406pseudo-Madelung’s deformity 542pseudodiaphragmatic contour 60pseudodiverticulosis

oesophageal intramural 119–20ureteral 457–59

pseudogout 241pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) 266pseudopolyps, bowel 187pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP)

266

pseudosubarachnoid sign 369psoas abscess, calcified 284–86psoriatic arthritis 303–06pubic rami fracture 453pubic symphysis, widening 471–72pulmonary arteriovenous malformation

14–15pulmonary artery, pulmonary hypertension

55pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic (IPF)

diagnosis 37Kerley B lines 49Langerhans cell histiocytosis differential

diagnosis 33usual interstitial pneumonia differential

diagnosis 36–37pulmonary haemosiderosis, mitral stenosis

25pulmonary hamartoma 50–51pulmonary hypertension 54–55

classification 55pulmonary hypoplasia 544

congenital 510–11in utero 544

pulmonary nodules, calcified in mitral sten-osis 25

pulmonary oedema interstitial 48–49Langerhans cell histiocytosis 33

pyelonephritis, focal 587pyogenic osteomyelitis 286pyuria, sterile 269–70

radial head dislocation 316–17radiocarpal joints, arthropathy 267radius

dislocation of head 316–17epiphysis 326giant cell tumour 314–15Madelung’s deformity 289–90, 542–43

Rathke’s cleft cyst 355–57rectal bleeding, colorectal tumour 175–78redcurrant-jelly stools, intussusception

504–06relapsing polychondritis 72–73renal arteries

atherosclerotic stenosis 109fibromuscular dysplasia 109multiple in horseshoe kidney 576

renal cell carcinoma 465, 466angiomyolipoma differential diagnosis

467renal colic, hyperparathyroidism 558–60renal disease, interstitial pulmonary oedema

49renal failure 571

brown tumour 239hyperparathyroidism-associated 288, 308

renal papillary necrosis 258, 269, 270renal scarring, children 586–87renal stones, Crohn’s disease 154renal transplant

brown tumour 238–40diffuse hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy

368–70patient not rousable 368–70steroid therapy 258






Ind

ex

604

respiratory distress infants 543–44preterm infants 545–46

respiratory distress syndrome of the new-born 545–46

respiratory failure 546respiratory syncytial virus 551retinoblastoma 428–30retractile mesenteritis 198retroperitoneal fibrosis 201–02retroperitoneal mass, liposarcoma 199, 200retrorectal mass 179–82retrosternal pain, Candida oesophagitis

114–16retrovesical fistula 469–70reverse delta sign 406rhabdomyosarcoma, mediastinal lymphaden-

opathy 537rheumatic fever, mitral stenosis 25rheumatoid arthritis 305

non-specific pneumonitis 38–40rib notching 13usual interstitial pneumonia differential

diagnosis 36–37rheumatoid disease, bronchiectasis 9rib

expansile lesions 280children 280

metastases 263notching in aortic coarctation 13

Richter hernias 158–59rickets 272, 535right iliac fossa pain

appendicitis 173–75intussusception 504–06

right-sided weakness 385–87right upper quadrant pain

children 550–51gallstones 145–47round pneumonia 550–51

Rigler’s sign 187road traffic accident 47, 87–88

extraperitoneal bladder rupture 453–55facial fractures 416–18skull fracture/brain contusion 413–16splenic injury 206–08

Rokitansky nodule 475

saccular aneurysms 395sarcoidosis 20–22

hands 310–11lymphadenopathy 536

sausage digit 305scaphocephaly 535scaphoid fracture 275Scheuermann’s disease 264–65schizencephaly, grey matter heterotopias 349Schmorl’s node 265schwannoma 328, 330, 370–72

neurofibromatosis type 2 376–77sclerodactyly 266–67scleroderma 288

hand 266–68sclerosing cholangitis 204–05

primary 205sclerosing mesenteritis 195–98scrotal hydrocoele 457

scrotal oedema, infants 517–18scrotal pain, testicular torsion 455–57Segond fracture 296–98seizures

complex partial 340–41dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour

362–64grey matter heterotopias 348–49hippocampal sclerosis 340–41posterior shoulder dislocation 219–20tuberous sclerosis 449–52

sellar lesions 422seminoma 462, 463sentinel clot sign 140septic arthritis 22–23serous cystadenoma 164shin pain, adamantinoma 318–19shock

ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma 139–41tension pneumopericardium 87–88

shortness of breath bronchiectasis 9–10Hickman lines 98–100interstitial pulmonary oedema 48–49Langerhans cell histiocytosis 32–34left upper lobe collapse 69–71lymphangitis carcinomatosa 76–78malignant effusion 26–27pneumonitis

interstitial 35–37non-specific 38–40

pulmonary hypertension 54–55sarcoid 20–22subpulmonic effusion 59–60toxic multinodular goitre 574

shoulder pain 219–20

neurofibroma 327–32posterior dislocation 219–20swelling in childhood 540–41

sickle cell disease 269–70avascular necrosis of femoral head 255–331craniosynostosis 535H-shaped vertebrae 257, 258

signet ring shadow 9silicosis

miliary tuberculosis differential diagno-sis 6

sarcoidosis differential diagnosis 21sinonasal chondrosarcoma 434–36sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNEC)

352sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC)

352sinusitis

frontal 379fungal 401–03

skip lesions, Crohn’s disease 154skull

cloverleaf 535fracture 413–16Paget’s disease of bone 584vault lesions in eosinophilic granuloma

283slipped capital femoral epiphyses 518–20small bowel

carcinoid 159–61






Ind

ex

605

fold thickening 203intussusception 172lymphoma 155–57non-rotation 185–86obstruction 144volvulus 186

smoking, lung cancer 81soleus muscle pseudohypertrophy 238somatostatin receptors, carcinoid tumours 65spina bifida 410spinal cord

diastematomyelia 399–401ependymoma 527multiple sclerosis 445neural placode 410see also tethered cord

spinal dysraphism 410spine

lipoma 410meningioma 339tuberculosis 284–86

spleen injury 206–08sickle cell disease 258splenic artery

contrast extravasation 207pseudoaneurysms 207

splenic vein thrombosis 164splenomegaly, avascular necrosis of femoral

heads 258split cord malformation 400spondylitis, tuberculous 286squamous cell carcinoma 352

buccal mucosa 427, 428of head and neck 335, 428

staphylococcal infection reactivation tuberculosis differential diag-

nosis 68Staphylococcus aureus discitis 225, 226

sterile pyuria, sickle cell disease 269–70steroid therapy, avascular necrosis of femoral

head 258stomach

bezoar 127–28see also gastric entries

stools bloody in necrotizing enterocolitis 537–38loose with blood/mucus in colitis 189redcurrant-jelly with intussusception

504–06Streptococcus pneumoniae 11, 551stroke, pulmonary arteriovenous malforma-

tion 14–15subarachnoid haemorrhage 403–04, 406subclavian vein, right 46subcutaneous emphysema, oesophageal

rupture 122subdural collection 379subdural empyema 377–80

children 379subdural haematoma, isodense 346–47subependymal giant cell astrocytoma 451,

452subependymal nodules 452subpulmonic effusion 59–60superior mesenteric vein

gas 194

thrombosis 198superior sagittal sinus thrombosis 379superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) 142superscan, back pain 570–71Swyer–James syndrome see MacLeod’s

syndromesynovial haemangioma 247–48synovial osteochondromatosis 242–44, 288

primary 243–44secondary 244

synovial sarcoma 288calcification 248

syphilis neuropathic joints 293–94Takayasu’s arteritis differential diagnosis

107syringohydromyelia 392, 393syringomyelia, neuropathic joints 293–94

Takayasu’s arteritis 106–08rib notching 13

talcosis with unilateral lung transplant 41tarsometatarsal joint, diabetic foot 294teeth, floating 283tegmen tympani erosion 420temporal lobe epilepsy 340–41tension pneumopericardium, road traffic

accident 87–88tension pneumothorax, oesophageal rupture

122teratoma

benign cystic 95–96cystic 475presacral 181, 182

testes bell-clapper deformity 456infection 462palpable lump 461–63

testicular carcinoma 461–63testicular haematoma 462testicular microlithiasis 463testicular torsion 455–57, 462testicular tumours 461–63

stromal 462tethered cord 408–10thalassaemia 358–59, 535thigh swelling, haemophiliac pseudotumour

235–36thoracic aortic aneurysm, leaking 17–19thoracic lymphadenopathy 536–37thoracic outlet syndrome 45–46thymoma 94–96thyroid

toxic adenoma 555–56toxic solitary nodule 574–75see also toxic multinodular goitre

thyroid carcinoma medullary 559–60papillary 335

thyroid function, deranged 555–56, 568–69, 574–75

thyrotoxicosis 556Graves’ disease 569

tibia lytic lesions 318–19Paget’s disease 564–65

tiredness






Ind

ex

606

mediastinal mass 27–29pituitary macroadenoma 421–23

toxic megacolon 187–88toxic multinodular goitre 556

deranged thyroid function 574–75toxic thyroid adenoma 555–56tracheal wall thickening, relapsing polychon-

dritis 72–73tracheo-oesophageal fistula 547–48tracheomalacia, relapsing polychondritis dif-

ferential diagnosis 72–73tramline opacities 9trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation 274transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs),

Takayasu’s arteritis 106–08transient tachypnoea of the newborn 546trauma

blunt abdominal 463–64children 316–17elbow dislocation reduction 323–26haematuria 464headache 341–43horseshoe kidney 463–64Kienböck’s disease 568knee 296–98orbital 411–12retrovesical fistula 470subarachnoid haemorrhage 404wrist 276see also road traffic accident

trigeminal schwannoma 371–72neurofibromatosis type 2 376

trigonocephaly 535trochlea 326trough line sign 220tuberculosis

bronchiectasis 10history of previous 12–13intestinal 203lymphadenopathy 536miliary 6–7oesophagitis 116peritoneal 481post-primary 66–68primary 68reactivation 67–68relapsing polychondritis differential diag-

nosis 72–73sarcoidosis differential diagnosis 21spine 284–86Takayasu’s arteritis differential diagnosis

107tuberculous osteomyelitis 285tuberculous spondylitis 286tuberous sclerosis 449–52

angiomyolipoma 466, 467tumoral calcinosis 287–89

secondary 288Turner’s syndrome 266, 542

horseshoe kidney 576

ulcerative colitis Crohn’s disease differential diagnosis 154ileostomy bag 258toxic megacolon 187, 188

ulna

epiphysis 326fracture 316–17

ulnar variance, negative 568unconsciousness, basal ganglia infarction

389–91upper quadrant see right upper quadrant

painurate crystals 241ureteral pseudodiverticulosis 457–59ureteric reflux 586, 587ureterocoele, vesicoureteric reflux 579ureteropelvic junction, horseshoe kidney

576ureters

anterior 576medially displaced in retroperitoneal fibro-

sis 201–02vesicoureteric reflux 579

urinary incontinence, tethered cord 408–10urinary tract infections

persistent in child 578–79recurrent

child 575–76, 586–87infant 539–40

renal scarring 586–87urine passing per rectum, retrovesical fistula

469–70urolithiasis 539–40urological condition, chronic 471–72urothelial tumour 482–83usual interstitial pneumonitis 35–37uterus

didelphys 476–77enlarged 476–77Müllerian duct abnormalities 477

VACTERL abnormalities 548vena cava obstruction, rib notching 13venous sinus thrombosis 405–07venous thrombosis 361

cerebral 407dural 407

vertebrae anterior wedging 264H-shaped 257, 258

sickle cell disease 258, 270plana 282, 283sclerosis 311

vertebral bodies, spinal tuberculosis 285–86

vesicoureteric reflux 471, 578–79vestibular schwannoma, neurofibromatosis

type 2 376–77vision blurring, optic glioma 387–89visual problems

paranasal sinus tumour 431–33pituitary macroadenoma 421–23Rathke’s cleft cyst 355–57

vitamin D deficiency 271–72, 308vitreous haemorrhage 411–12volvulus 544

caecal 192–93small bowel 186

vomiting childhood 525–27, 528–31oesophageal rupture 121–22

von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease 162–63

tiredness (cont.)






Ind

ex

607

watershed infarct 386–87weakness, right-sided 385–87Wegener’s granulomatosis 53

invasive aspergillosis differential diagno-sis 85

reactivation tuberculosis differential diag-nosis 67–68

relapsing polychondritis differential diag-nosis 72–73

wheeze, MacLeod’s syndrome 91–94

Wilms’ tumour 464horseshoe kidney 576

wrist deformity 542–43giant cell tumour 314–15pain 314–15, 542–43

Kienböck’s disease 566–68scleroderma 267swelling 314–15trauma 274–79






Documents

Index [assets.cambridge.org]assets.cambridge.org/97805211/83079/index/... · hyperparathyroidism 558–60 osteomalacia 271–73 bony metastases 299–303, 552–54 back pain 570–71