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IMPROVING THE GROWTH OF CENTELLA ASIATICA USING MODIFIED NATURAL
ZEOLITE
NOOR ASYRAF BIN NOOR AZMAN
NIK AHMAD NIZAM NIK MALEK
NORFARAH SYUHAIDAH MOHD NOOR
MUHAMMAD ARSHAD JAVED
NIZA SYAFIQAH HAMZAH
NOOR HIDAYAH DZULKFLI
FACULTY OF BIOSCIENCES AND MEDICAL ENGINEERING
AGREX UPM 2017
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OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
PROBLEM STATEMENT/RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE
OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
METHODOLOGIES
RESULTS & DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
1
2
3
4
5
6
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
Knowing a zeolite - A crystalline substance with a framework
structure
consists of aluminium & silicate - Zeolite + Surfactants =
Surfactant modified zeolite (SMZ) Pennyworts (Centella Asiatica) -
A creeping plant found in tropical/subtropical countries - Net
return varied from RM 4 065 - RM43 995 per hectare
(Zainal, 2005)
Benefits of pennyworts - Medicine (e.g. diarrhea) -
Pharmacological (e.g. antioxidant) (Zahara et al., 2014; Zainol et
al., 2008)
- Food & beverages (e.g. cooking)
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- Spain: Effect of eutrophication caused by excess of P
fertilizer
- Malaysia: N & K fertilizers in oil palm concern for
groundwater
(Hartemink, 2000; Penuelas et al., 2009; Ah Tung et al.
2009)
- Cover crops (e.g. oilseed radish)
- Slow release fertilizer (SRF) such as SMZ in corn growth &
removing
nitrate
(Sundermeier, 2010; Sempeho, 2014)
- Applying the concept of binding HDTMA surfactant
on zeolite surface that attract major nutrients
(NPK)
(Malek et al., 2014) PI 2014703213
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2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT/ SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH
Excessive used of chemical fertilizer triggered nutrients
leaching that caused eutrophication & groundwater
contamination
Zeolite as a fertilizer medium only hold nitrogen &
potassium nutrients
Application of SMZ with major nutrients might solve leaching
problems
Plantation cost could be reduce & increase the desired
pegaga’s yield
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3.0 OBJECTIVES OF STUDY
To prepare surfactant modified zeolite loaded with major
nutrients N (ammonium), P (phosphate) and K
(potassium) creating NPK-Organo-Zeolite & characterize its
structure, elemental & physiochemical properties.
To compare and optimize the effectiveness of NPK-Organo-Zeolite
& conventional fertilizers for the growth of
C. asiatica.
1
2
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4.0 METHODOLOGIES
8 Fertilizers
Systems
6 Cultivation
Systems
Harvest C.asiatica:
70 days
F. Data Analysis
SPSS Statistical
Analysis
B. Characterization
X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),
Surfactant adsorption study
D. Cultivation
A. Preparation
NPK-Organo-Zeolite
C. Soil analysis
a) Soil texture
b) Soil moisture
c) pH of soil
d) Bulk density
E. Data Collection
Morphological Growth
Parameters
Biochemical Growth
Parameters
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
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5.0 RESULTS & DISCUSION
OBJECTIVE 1: Surfactant Adsorption Study
High adsorbed
• HDTMA-Br adsorbed on K-cli showed average of surfactant
adsorbed of 159.67 ± 6.10 mmol/kg
> 80%
• More than 80% of the surfactant was loaded into the surface of
K-cli
Details
• Cli surface which covered by negative charge made it possible
to attract other cations
• (Haggerty and Bowman, 1994)
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OBJECTIVE 1: XRD
Most of the material detected consists of Cli at peaks 2θ =
9.50°, 11.05°, 22.25° & 26.60° along with quartz (2θ = 28.1°)
and mordenite (2θ = 25.65°)
The crystalline structure of modified zeolite remain unchanged
and stable after undergoes several exposure towards heating &
nutrients loaded process
(Treacy and Higgins, 2007; Malek et al., 2015)
(a) Cli
(b) K-Cli
(c) Organo-K-Cli
(d) NPKOZ
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
OBJECTIVE 1: FTIR
(a) Cli (b) K-Cli
(c) Organo-K-Cli
(d) NPKOZ
a. Notifiable peaks were observed (in circle) where HDTMA-Br
surfactant was confirmed to attach on surface of clinoptilolite on
Organo-K-cli (2921 and 2850 cm-1) and NPKOZ (2923 and 2851cm-1)
bands
b. The bands observed around 2920 cm-1 for the CH2 asymmetric
stretch and 2850 cm-1
CH2 symmetric stretch belong to the HDTMA molecules
(Malek, 2011)
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OBJECTIVE 2: Morphological Growth Parameters
Notes: (Included Standard Error Mean (SEM), Total Fresh Biomass
(TFB), Total Dry Biomass (TDB), Biggest Leaf Area (BLA), and
Biggest Specific Leaf Area (BSLA); Duncan test, α= 0.05)
• Even though F45 had the highest TFB, the biggest reduction of
its weight after heating treatment into the TDB was notifiable
• NPKOZs treatments steadily for its TFB and TDB with in its
quantity
• This is important because: CA extract is more valuable in TDB
formed
Treatments No. of
leaves
No. of
branches
No. of
flowers
TFB (g) TDB (g) BLA (cm2) BSLA (cm
2/g)
Control 2.33a ± 0.33 1.00
a ± 0.00 0.00
a ± 0.00 1.28
a ± 0.45 0.10
a ± 0.03 7.33
a ± 0.33 383.33
a ± 16.67
Cli 4.33ab
± 0.88 1.33ab
± 0.33 0.33a ± 0.33 3.64
ab ± 0.24 0.47
ab ± 0.05 12.33a
b ± 1.09 316.11
a ± 33.89
MAP 6.00abc
± 1.53 2.33ab
± 0.67 0.67a ± 0.33 4.58
ab ± 1.88 0.51
ab ± 0.20 14.67a
bc ± 3.72 330.24
a ± 25.78
MKP 5.00abc
± 1.00 2.33ab
± 1.33 1.33a ±1.33 3.35
ab ± 0.60 0.37
ab ± 0.08 13.83
abc ± 0.73 422.22a ± 43.39 F45 11.00
bc ± 4.04 4.33
ab ± 1.76 1.67
a ± 1.67 8.91
b ± 2.80 0.77
b ± 0.28 21.33
c ± 3.81 452.50a ± 58.86
NPKOZ5 5.33abc
± 1.45 2.00ab
± 1.00 1.33a ± 0.88 3.67
ab ± 0.46 0.39
ab ± 0.46 15.67
abc ± 2.09 428.33
a ± 73.39
NPKOZ10 12.00bc
± 4.36 5.00ab
± 2.31 3.33a ± 1.76 6.40
ab ±
2.30 0.69
ab ± 0.24 14.67
abc ± 1.96 346.67
a ± 39.30
NPKOZ15 12.67c ± 1.45 5.33
b ± 0.88 3.00
a ± 1.53 8.13
b ± 2.12 0.91
b ± 0.30 19.33
bc ± 4.10 348.33
a ± 53.26
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Am
ou
nt
Treatments
Chlorophyll
a
Chlorophyll
b
Carotene
Total
Chlorophyll
Content
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
Nu
trie
nts
con
ten
t (%
)
Treatments
N content
(%)
P content
(%)
K content
(%)
OBJECTIVE 2: Biochemical Growth Parameters
• Chlorophyll is one of the vital photosynthesis constituent
that occurred in plant tissue
• NPKOZ5, NPKOZ10 and NPKOZ15 dominated the total chlorophyll
content (TCC) after harvesting stage
• N & K contents: Ferti 45 is the highest • P content : MKP
is the highest • NPKOZs: nutrients percentage
with quantities • Stands comparable even though with
less NPK attached
(Goswami and Ahire, 2016)
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OBJECTIVE 2: Pearson Correlation
There was a strong, positive correlation between no. of
branches, flowers, total fresh biomass, total dry biomass &
biggest leaf area towards no. of leaves
* significant (p
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Visual diagrams on the growth of C. asiatica with 8 different
treatments after 70 days
Control NPKOZ5 Ferti 45 MKP MAP Cli NPKOZ15 NPKOZ10
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6.0 CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORKS
Conclusion
• Different stages of NPKOZ samples were determined by XRD and
FTIR technique justified the presence of surfactant HDTMA-Br
attached on surface of clinoptilolite
• NPKOZs treatments were able to attain the highest amount of
no. of leaves, flowers & branches
• Outcomes N, P, and K contents in C. asiatica plant for NPKOZs
treatments were comparable with other chemical fertilizers
especially MKP & Ferti 45
Future Works
• Development of 3 systems of cultivating C. asiatica by using
hydroponic, potted and verticulture technique
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Hydroponic System
Potted System
Verticulture System
* Will be harvested on: 20 Nov 2016
