IGFA005305 Mycotoxin Booklet

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Current EU

Mycotoxin Levels

Autumn 2011

http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/animalnutrition/contaminants/index_en.htm

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Aflatoxin in Food Legislation

Commodity B1 Maximum Level Total M1

Groundnuts, nuts and dried fruit and processed product thereof, intended for direct human

consumption or as an ingredient in food stuffs. 2ppb 4ppbGroundnuts to be subjected to sorting, or other physical treatment, before human

consumption or use as an ingredient in foodstuffs 8ppb 15ppb

Nuts and dried fruit to be subject to sorting, or other physical treatment before human

consumption or use as and ingredient in foodstuffs 5ppb 10ppb

Cereals (including buckwheat, Fagopyrum spp.) and processed products thereof intended

for direct human consumption or as an ingredient in foodstuffs 2ppb 4ppb

Cereals (including buckwheat, Fagopyrum spp.), with the exception of maize to be subjected

to sorting, or other physical treatment, before human consumption or use as an ingredient in

foodstuffs 2ppb 4ppb

Maize to be subjected to sorting, or other physical treatment, before human consumption

or use as an ingredient in foodstuffs 5ppb 10ppb

Following species of spices:

Capiscum spp. (dried fruits, thereof, whole or ground, including chillies, chilli powder,

cayenne and paprika)

Piper spp. (fruits thereof, including white and black pepper)

Myristica fragans (nutmeg)

Zingiber officinale (ginger)

Curcuma longa (turmeric) 5ppb 10ppb

Milk (raw milk, milk for the manufacture of milk based products and heat-treated milk as

defined by Council Directive 92/46/EC at last amended by Regulation (EC) No 806/2003 0.05ppb

Baby foods and processed cereal based food for infants and young children 0.1ppb

Infant formulae and follow-on formulae, including infant milk and follow-on milk 0.025ppb

Dietary foods for special medial purposes intended specifically for infants 0.1ppb 0.025ppb



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Ochratoxin in Food Legislation

Commodity Maximum Level

Raw cereal grains (including raw rice and buckwheat) 5ppb

All products derived from cereals (including processed cereal products and cereal grainsintended for direct human consumption) 3ppb

Dried vine fruit (currants, raisin and sultanas) 10ppb

Liquer Wines 2-4ppb

Roaster coffee beans and ground roasted coffee with the exception of soluble coffee 5ppb

Soluble coffee (instant coffee) 10ppb

Wine (red, white and rose) and other wine and/or grape must based beverages 2ppb

Grape juice, grape juice ingredients in other beverages, including grape nectar and

concentrated grate juice as reconstituted 2ppb

Graped juice and concentrated grape must be reconstituted, intended fordirect human consumption 2ppb

Baby foods and processed cereal-based foods for infants and young children 0.5ppb

Dietary foods for special medical purposes intended specif ically for infants 0.5ppb



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Deoxynivalenol in Food Legislation


Unprocessed cereals (ex.durum wheat & maize) 1250ppb

Unprocessed durum wheat and oats 1750ppbUnprocessed maize (ex.unprocessed maixe for wet milling) 1750ppb

Cereals (Cereal flour, bran and germ) 750ppb

Bread, pastries, cereal snacks, breakfast cereal 500ppb

Dry Pasta 750ppb

Processed cereal based baby & infant food 200ppb

Milling fractions of maize with particle size>500miron 750ppb

Milling fractions of maize with particle size 500micron 1400ppb

Milling fractions of maize with particle size


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Zearalenone in Food Legislation


Unprocessed cereals other than maize 100ppb

Unprocessed maize (ex. Unprocessed maize for wet milling) 350ppbCereals (cereal flour, bran and germ) 75ppb

Refined maize oil 400ppb

Bread, pastries, biscuits, cereal snacks and breakfast cereals

(ex. maize-snacks and maize-based breakfast cereals) 50ppb

Maize, maize-based snacks and maize based breakfast cereals 100ppb

Processed cereal-based foods (ex. processed maize-based foods)

and baby foods for infants and young children 20ppb

Processed maize-based foods for infants and young children 20ppb

Milling fractions of maize with particle size>500micron 200ppbMilling fractions of maize with particle size


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Aflatoxin in Feed Legislation - Legal Limit

Commodity Maximum Level (B1)

All Feed Materials 20ppb

Complete feed for cattle sheep goats 20ppbExcept complete Feed for dairy animals 5ppb

Except complete Feed for Calves and lambs 10ppb

Complete feeds for pigs and poultry 20ppb

except young animals 10ppb

Other Complete Feed Feeds 10ppb

Complementary Feed for cattle ,sheep ,goats 20ppb

poultry and pigs. (except young animals)

Other complementary feed 5ppb

Ochratoxin in Feed Legislation - Guidance Limits Only


Cereals and cereal products 0.25ppm

Complementary and complete feeding stuffs:

Complementary and complete feeding stuffs for pigs 0.05ppm

Complementary and complete feeding stuffs for poultry 0.1ppm



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Deoxynivalenol in Feed Legislation Guidance Limits Only


Cereals and cereal products with the exception of maize by products 8ppm

Maize by-products 12ppmComplementary and complete feeding stuffs with the exception of: 5ppm

Complementary and complete feeding stuffs for pigs 0.9ppm

Complementary and complete feeding stuffs for calves (4months) and mink 50ppm

Zearalenone in Feed Legislation Guidance Limit Only


Cereals and cereal products with the exception of maize by products

Maize-by products 2ppmComplementary and complete feeding stuffs 3ppm

Complementary and complete feeding stuffs for piglets and gilts (young sows) 0.1ppm

Complementary and complete feeding for sows and fattening pigs 0.25ppm

Complementary and complete feeding stuffs for calves, dairy cattle and sheep

(including lamb) and goats (including kids) 0.5ppm



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One part per million (1ppm ) is equivalent to one minute in two years.

One part per billion (1ppb) is equivalent to one second in 32 years.

Expected Regulatory Change: Guidance on DON & ZEA in feed could be reviewed this year.

H2 T2 EFSA opinion expected and levels to be discussed

Fungus Mycotoxin Found Sensitive species

Aspergillus Aflatoxin B1 B2 G1 G2 Field and storage All domestic animals

OchratoxinA Storage.( temperate areas) Pigs and Poultry

Fusariums Fumonisin B1 B2 B3 Maize Crops Pigs and Horses

Zearalenone Pigs and Dairy

Fusarium (Trichothecene) DON Field Pigs and dairy

Nivalenone Field

H2 T2 ( Europe) Field and store Pigs and Poultry

Claviceps Ergot alkaloids Field Ruminant


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Guidance on Analytical Priority for mycotoxin in various Feed Ingredients and Complete Feeds (will vary depending on

feed material used source FDA)

Commodity Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority 3 Priority 4

Barley, Oats Wheat and DON (vomitoxin) Zearalenone Ochratoxin A Ergot Alkaloids

Rye and their by products

Corn & corn by products Aflatoxin / Fumonisin Zearalenone DON Ochratoxin A

Cotton seed, Peanuts, Aflatoxin Zearalenone Ochratoxin A

Sorghum and their

by products

Rice and by products Zearalenone Fumonisin/ Aflatoxin Ochratoxin A

Soybean and Soy Aflatoxin Zearalenone DON Ochratoxin A

bean products

Horse Feed Fumonisin Aflatoxin Zearalenone DON OchratoxinPig Feed DON Zearalenone Ochratoxin A Aflatoxin Fumonisin

Cattle and Poultry Aflatoxin Zearalenone Ochratoxin A DON / Fumonosin


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Pasture grasses, hay, straw stubble and cereals all support the growth of various fungi. They are found in all grains and forages in varying

amounts depending on the climatic conditions of the season. The formation of mycotoxin in nature is considered to be a global problem.

Mycotoxins are produced by these fungi and may have various effects on animals when ingested. Mycotoxin at low levels can cause reduced

performance. These toxins can accumulate in animal tissue and can be transferred to human diet. Toxicity is dependent on dose, the animal and

the presence of other toxins. The complete elimination of mycotoxin contaminated commodities is not achievable at this time. In general codes ofpracticed provide effective control but must be adapted to crop region and agronomic factors.

GMP: In Field

Understand what factor contribute to the growth of mycotoxin in your crops

Maintain adequate crop rotations.

Bury field trash and stubble where possible.

Choose resistant varieties.

Use fungicide and pesticide controls to reduce grain damage. Minimise damage to grain during harvest and storage.

GMP: In Grain and Feed Businesses:

Dry and condition grain as soon as possible after harvest.

Monitor grain for infestations of insects and build up of toxins.

Aerate grain regularly and monitor temperature and R.H

Feed Bins, sheds and handling equipment should be cleaned regularly.

Empty bins fully and clean down augurs and pits.

Keep forage and feed stores clean, ventilated and dry.

Operate a strict store rotation policy for all feeds.

Deal with professional trusted suppliers.


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Sampling:

Sampling large lots of feed materials can increase the uncertainty factor.

Large discrepancies exist between laboratories.

Sample preparation and sub sampling can introduce further errors.

Not all toxins have verifiable test methods available.

Further useful guidance on sampling available at the HGCA website : http://www.hgca.com/content.template/0/0/Home/Home/Home.mspx

For EFSA scientific opinions on the different mycotoxin please visit use the following website :

http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/chemicalsafety/contaminants/fusarium_en.htm

Binders:

Many feed manufacturers use binders to lock up mycotoxin in rations. These work by preventing the absorption of the toxin by the animal. They

do not reduce the analytical levels of the mycotoxin in the feed. The JRC report on binders is a useful reference document and may be accessed

at the following link: http://irmm.jrc.ec.europa.eu/html/activities/mycotoxins/EUR_23997_EN.pdf


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Correct at time of going to press. To access the most up to date legislation on undesirable substances please

use the web link below to accces the DG SANCO website on animal nutrition.

http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/animalnutrition/contaminants/index_en.htm


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IGFA005305 Mycotoxin Booklet