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Hydrotechnical Considerations

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Overview

•Hydrotechnical Design

•River Issues

Lateral Stability

Vertical Stability

Blockage - ice, drift

•River Protection Works

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Hydrotechnical Design

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The Hydrologic Cycle

Groundwater

Mountains Lakes Streams

RiversOceans

Snowmelt

Sun

Evaporation

RainHailSnow

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Drainage Basin Parameters

•Area•Shape•Slope•Storage•Density•Vegetation•Soil Type•Initial Moisture

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Runoff Response Variation Across Alberta

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Hydrotechnical Design Guidelines

•Channel Capacity•channel size result of long-term runoff•channel size affects routing of runoff•typical channel•activate overbank storage

•Historic Highwater Data•HWM – AIT, AENV, WSC, site, airphoto, news•Location, description

•Runoff Potential•Limit on supply of runoff•Unit discharge

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Hydraulic Definitions

Thalweg

Water Surface

Y

AV = Q

QA

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Flow Constriction - Stream Crossing

Bridge

Culvert

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Flow

Bank

Flowlines - Before Constriction

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Flowlines - After Constriction

Q=V*A

Q= V*A

Q=V*A

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Flow Profile - After Constriction

Energy Grade Line

Water Surface

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File 00278 - Battle River

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File 00278 - Battle River

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File 00278 - Battle River

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File 75194 - Simonette River

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File 75194 - Simonette River

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File 75194 - Simonette River

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File 75194 - Simonette River

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File 75194 - Simonette River

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File 75194 - Simonette River

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File 75194 - Simonette River

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File 75194 - Simonette River

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File 07107 - Iron Creek

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BF76474 – Smoky River at Grande Cache

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File 80827 - Nelson Creek

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File 80827 - Nelson Creek

File 79475 - Bald Mountain Creek

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File 79475 - Bald Mountain Creek

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File 79475 - Bald Mountain Creek

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File 79475 - Bald Mountain Creek

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File 01324 - Pigeon Creek

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File 01324 - Pigeon Creek

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File 78230 - Brewster Creek

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File 81653 - Watercourse

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River Issues

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Lateral Stream Stability

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1

2

3a

3b

4

5

Relative StabilityHigh Low

Rel

ativ

e S

tab

ility

Hig

hL

ow

Stability of Stream Types

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BF9259 – Freeman River

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BF8036 – Redwillow River

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BF13078 – Little Red Deer River

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File 81113 - Marten Creek

File 75904 - Island Creek

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File 75904 - Island Creek

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File 75904 - Island Creek

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File 73204 - Whitehorse Creek

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File 73204 - Whitehorse Creek

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File 73204 - Whitehorse Creek

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File 73204 - Whitehorse Creek

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File 73204 - Whitehorse Creek

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Blockage - Drift, ice …

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File 78889 - Whitecourt Creek

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File 71979 - Heart River

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File 72964 – Howard Ck

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Drift accumulation can increase velocities around piers

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BF 6754 Bow River at Cluny

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Ice scarring on trees

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Ice impact damage and abrasion on piers

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Other debris?

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Vertical Stream Stability

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Deposition Reach•Flatter Slope•Aggradation•Deltas, Fans

Bedrock Sediment

Distance From Headwater (km)

Ele

vati

on

(m

)

Typical Stream Profile

Erosion Reach•Steeper Slope•Degradation

Transport Reach•Erosion = Deposition

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File 76995 - Malcolm Creek

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File 76617 - Cougar Creek

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File 76617 - Cougar Creek

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Dam

Aggradation

Degradation

QsD50 ~ QS

River Response

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BF74852 – Bear River

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BF74852 – Bear River

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BF73235 – Cucumber Ck

550

555

560

565

570

575

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Station (m)

Ele

vati

on

(m

)

DTM

Survey

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BF73235 – Cucumber Ck

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BF73235 – Cucumber Ck

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General Scour

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BF74710 – Berland River

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Local Scour Profile

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Local Scour in Plan View

Flow Parallel to Pier

Flow on Skew to Pier

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Smoky River CanFor Bridge

Failure of a pier on spread footing due to general scour

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BF 78104 McLeod River near Peers - alignment problem

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River Protection Works

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Typical Rock Riprap Section

2

1

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EmbankmentSpurs

Guidebank

Dyke

Grade ControlStructure

Location of River Protection Works

Spurs

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File 81795B - Red Deer River (1992)

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File 81795B - Red Deer River

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File 81795B - Red Deer River

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File 81795B - Red Deer River

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File 81795B - Red Deer River

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File 81795B - Red Deer River (1999)

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File 81778B - Wapiti River

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File 81778B - Wapiti River

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File 81793B - Swan River

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File 81793B - Swan River

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File 81793B - Swan River

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…Questions?