Hydrographic Surveying

Hydrography IHO

Hydrographic Surveys in the

Philippines

Hydrographic Surveys

I. INTRODUCTION TO HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Hydrography

WHAT IS HYDROGRAPHY?

That branch of applied science which deals with the measurement and description of the physical features of the navigable portion of the EARTHs surface and adjoining coastal areas, with special reference to their use for the purpose of NAVIGATION. (IHO Pub. S-32)


Hydrography

International Hydrographic

Organization


IHO

An international body representing the hydrographic

community.

An intergovernmental consultative and technical organization

established in 1921 to support safety of navigation and the

protection of the marine environment.

It presently has 80 member countries and 84 hydrographic

offices.


IHO

The goals of the IHO include the following:

Coordination of the activities of national hydrographic offices

Uniformity in nautical charts and documents Adoption of reliable and efficient methods of carrying out

hydrographic surveys

Development of the science and techniques in the field of Hydrography


Hydrography AS A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY SCIENCE



- deals with the configuration of the bottom and adjacent land areas of oceans, lakes, rivers, harbours, and other water forms on Earth.

- In strict sense, it is defined merely as the surveying of a water area;

- it may include a wide variety of other objectives such as measurements of tides, current, gravity, earth magnetism, and determination of the physical and chemical properties of water.

The principal objective of most hydrographic surveys is to obtain basic data for the compilation of nautical charts with emphasis on the features that may affect safe navigation.

Other objectives include acquiring the

information necessary for related marine navigational products and for coastal zone management, engineering, and science.




Hydrographic Survey


Hydrographic Survey

Early Hydrographic Survey Methods

Lead Line/Sounding Pole

Wire Drag

Bar Sweep


Hydrographic Surveys in the Philippines

In the Philippines Hydrography Department

in the past

1900 the US Coast and Geodetic Survey created a Manila Field Station for the conduct of geodetic, hydrographic and topographic surveys in the country.

1939 the Bureau of Coast and Geodetic Survey (BCGS) of the Philippines was organized together with the Department of National Defense thru EO No. 230

1987 BCGS was merged with three other agencies forming NAMRIA


Old Coast and Geodetic Survey Office


Still Old Coast and Geodetic Survey Office



The survey vessels...

Steamer Ship Research

(1901-1917)

Ship Pathfinder

(1902-1932/1938-1941)

Ship Fathomer (1902-1938)

Steamer Marinduque

(1905-1932)

Steamer Romblon

(1905-1932)

Ship Tulip (1947-1960)

Ship Orchid (1947-1983)

M/V Cowie (1947-1959)

M/V Alber (1947-1969)

RPS Samar (1960-1975)

RPS Arinya (1962-1997)

RPS Arlunya (1964-1996)

RPS Atyimba (1969-1996)

BRPH Presbitero

(1998-present)

BRPH Ventura (1999-present)



Hydrography Department at present

is the sole IHO recognized hydrographic office of the country mandated to conduct hydrographic survey of the Philippine waters.

It is responsible in the delimitation of maritime boundaries of the country, charting of national maritime jurisdictions for safety of navigation, and management of maritime boundaries.

Its current projects include hydrographic survey of ports and harbors, sea lanes, exclusive economic zone, and potential extended continental shelf.

1. SURVEY PLANNING

2. DATA GATHERING

3. DATA PROCESSING

4. CHARTS / ENC PRODUCTION

Survey planning covers a wide range of activities from the development of an idea for a survey within the Hydrographic Office and its subsequent issue as Project Instructions / Hydrographic Instructions (HIs), to the detailed planning and organization of a surveying ship to fulfill a practical task.

Exact area of the survey

Type of survey and scale to meet standards of chart to be produced

Platforms available

Support work required (geodetics and tides)

II. BASIC HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY PRINCIPLES

1. SURVEY PLANNING


1. SURVEY PLANNING


1. SURVEY PLANNING

Planned Survey Lines

Tagbilaran City Port (Maribojoc Bay)


2. DATA GATHERING

Hydrographic Data Checklist

OFFSHORE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

- water depth

- sound velocity profile

- bottom sample

HARBOUR/ INSHORE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

- water depth

- Tide data

- sound velocity profile

- bottom sample

- other data required by hydrographic instructions


2. DATA GATHERING

Hydrographic Survey Ship


2. DATA GATHERING

Hydrographic Survey Vessels

Hydrographic Survey Launch

- for shallow (200m below)

multibeam survey

Aluminum Survey Skiff

- for shallow water (20m 1m) single beam survey


2. DATA GATHERING

Hydrographic Survey Vessels

Multi-Beam Contour

Mapping System

Magnetic

Intensity

Satellite Communication

(INMARSAT)

Expendable

Sensors

Acoustic Doppler

Current Profiler

CTD & Water

Sampler

Gravity

Meter

SINGLE BEAM DEPTH SOUNDER & SEDIMENT CLASSIFICATION

SUB-BOTTOM PROFILER

HEADING & DYNAMIC MOTION SENSOR

DGPS Reference Station

Satellite Navigation (GPS)

SURVEY SYSTEMS CONFIGURATION OF BRPH PRESBITERO AND VENTURA

Tide Staff Installation

Tide data downloading


2. DATA GATHERING

Reson Seabat 8101 Sonar

Hypack and

Reson Seabat 8101 Sonar

Monitor

Shallow Multibeam Hydrographic Survey Vessel System

Data Acquisition

Hydrographic Survey Launch


2. DATA GATHERING

Raw Data

Tagbilaran City Port (Maribojoc Bay)

Position

Depth Corrections

Attitude Corrections

Sound Velocity Profiling

Merging of position and depths


3. DATA PROCESSING



ELECTRONIC NAVIGATIONAL CHART

ENC is the database containing base information from paper charts and relevant supplementary information for use with Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS).

Sample of available ENC from HD



Other Publications

a. SOUNDING METHODS

b. POSITIONING

c. OCEANOGRAPHY

d. DATA CORRECTION

e. OTHER MODERN HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY METHOD

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

a. SOUNDING METHODS


a. SOUNDING METHODS

BASIC PRINCIPLE OF ECHOSOUNDING

Echosounding works on the basic principle that a sound produce near the surface of water will travel to the bottom in the form of sound wave and be reflected back to the sonar in the form of echo. The transducer will record the time of return of echo and measure the time interval . Using the measured time interval and sound velocity in water column the transducer will calculate and register the depth of water.


a. SOUNDING METHODS

BASIC PRINCIPLE OF ECHOSOUNDING

Distance = (0.5xTravel Time) x (Sound Velocity)


a. SOUNDING METHODS

Single Beam Echo Sounder


a. SOUNDING METHODS

BATHY 500 ECHO SOUNDER


a. SOUNDING METHODS Multibeam Echo Sounder (MBES)


a. SOUNDING METHODS

SEABEAM 2100 - for offshore multibeam surveying - up to 11,000 meter depth


a. SOUNDING METHODS


b. POSITIONING SYSTEM

OVERVIEW Space Segment

User Segment Monitor Stations Diego Garcia Ascension Is. Kwajalein Hawaii

Colorado Springs

Control Segment

Colorado Springs


c. OCEANOGRAPHY

Tides, Datums, and Water Levels

III. ADVANCE HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY c. OCEANOGRAPHY

SAN VICENTE

CURRIMAO

SAN FERNANDO

LINGAYEN

ZAMBOANGA

PUERTO PRINCESA

BALANACAN

GENSAN

EXISTING TIDE STATIONS

OPERATIONAL - 2006

2007 PRS TIDE STATIONS

OPERATIONAL


OPERATIONAL


IN PROGRESS


PROPOSED

MINDANAO SEA

SULU SEA

CATICLAN

TIDE STATIONS

DAVAO

MATI

PAGADIAN

CAMIGUIN

BALER

BATANES

CALAPAN

DUMAGUETE

PULUPANDAN

SAN CARLOS

CEBU

PALANAN

BANGUI

SUBIC

MARIVELES

REAL MANILA

PUERTO AZUL

BATANGAS

MAMBURAO

SAN JOSE

BALINTANG

BROOKES POINT

BALABAC

ROMBLON

VIRAC LEGASPI

BULAN

MATNOG

CATBALOGAN

GUIUAN

TANDAG

SURIGAO

CAGAYAN DE ORO

ORMOC

MASBATE

BOGO CEBU CUYO

TAGBILARAN

DUMANGAS EL NIDO

SJ BUENVISTA

BISLIG

BONGAO

SULTAN KUDARAT

OZAMIZ

DAET

LUBANG

ROXAS

POLILIO

LUCENA

LILOAN

MASINLOC

CORON

DIPOLOG

JOLO

PASACAO

SIPALAY

BALUT ISLAND

SAN POLICARPIO

BORONGAN

CASIGURAN

SIARGAO

LILOY

COTABATO

33 operational

tide

stations


c. OCEANOGRAPHY

MANILA DAVAO SUBIC

REAL TIME MONITORING STATION PACIFIC TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM


c. OCEANOGRAPHY Physical Observation

Bottom Sampling

Box Core


d. DATA CORRECTION

Expendable

Bathy

Thermograph

(XBT)

Canister

and

Launcher

Conductivity, Temperature and

Depth

probe

Bio CTD

Sound Velocity Acquisition Computer


d. DATA CORRECTION

Side Scan Sonar


e. OTHER MODERN HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY METHODS

Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)

uses lasers instead of sound to find distance

used extensively for topographic mapping on land. When used in hydrographic surveys, two different color lasers are used: green and red. The red laser reflects off of the water surface, while the green laser penetrates water and reflects off of the seafloor.





Satellite Altimetry

Altimeters aboard satellites can be used for general bathymetric mapping in deep water

Because of variation in the strength of gravity, the water's surface mounds over features like seamounts and forms a trough over deep-sea trenches.

IV. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY APPLICATIONS


Archipelagic Baselines

Maritime Zones

Extended Continental Shelf

Other International Boundaries

LEGEND

New Baselines (RA 9522)

Baselines

PD 1596

KIG

Scarborough

Shoal

LEGEND

Maritime Zones under UNCLOS

EEZ (200 M)

Territorial Sea

(12 M)

Contiguous Zone

(24 M)

Baselines

(RA9522)

Juridical

Continental

Shelf (200 M)

Archipelagic and

Internal Waters

LEGEND

Maritime Zones

EEZ (200 M)

Territorial Sea

(12 M)

Baselines

(RA9522)

Archipelagic and

Internal Waters

Municipal

Waters


Location of Sunken

M/T Solar 1 as shown

in 3-Dimensional View

of the Side Scan

Image

2-Dimensional Bathymetry

Southwest of Guimaras

Vicinity of the Oil Spill

thank you!

Sources:

"IHO Hydrographic Manual", International Hydrographic Bureau

Umbach, Melvin J. "Hydrographic Manual, 4th Ed.," NOAA

Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Administration Training

Modules

http://www.meted.ucar.edu

http://www.lib.noaa

Documents

Hydrographic Surveying