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Hydro Energy
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Hydro Energy Moving water can be extremely powerful The kinetic
energy of flowing water can be used to drive machinery, including
electricity generators
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Gravity makes water flow from a high to a low place The moving
water contains kinetic energy Hydroelectric power stations are able
to transform kinetic energy in moving water to electrical energy
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Hydro Energy Converted to Electricity
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Eskom operates hydroelectric power stations at: Gariep Dam (360
MW) Vanderkloof Dam (240 MW)
Hydroelectric Power in SA
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Pumped Storage Plant
Way of storing electricity on a large scale Uses surplus
electricity to pump water to a mountain-top reservoir
Two such systems in operation in South Africa: Palmiet (400 MW),
Drakensberg (1 000 MW)
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A hydroelectric power station that supplies power to South
Africa The power line can transmit 1 920 MW
Cahora Bassa, Mozambique
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Benefits Sustains livelihoods Flood control Hydroelectric power
Concerns Evaporative water losses
Relocation of people Siltation Loss of valuable biospheres,
archaeological and cultural places Loss of habitat
Large Dams - the Issues
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Biggest water storage project in the world It is a hydroelectric
river dam that spans the Yangtze River Total electricity-generating
capacity 22 500 MW More than a million people were displaced
Three Gorges Dam, China
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Small-scale hydro: Varies, but generally seen as smaller than 10
megawatt
Smaller hydro power plants have received growing attention in
the past few decades due to the growing environmental issues that
major hydro developments have
Small scale can be separated into 3 categories: Mini-hydro,
micro-hydro and pico-hydro
Operates on same principle as large-scale power plants
Small-scale pumped storage also exists
Highly dependent on the seasonal variation of flow in river or
dam
Small-Scale Hydro Power Plants
Ref. Gatte & Kadhim, 2012
Ref. energypedia.info/wiki/Hydro_Power_Basics
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Small-scale Hydro Power Plants in SA REIPPPP: Renewable Energy
Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme 2016: 4 bidding
rounds in the REIPPPP process have been completed and the
construction of RE power plants in SA has commenced.
Small-scale Hydro Power Plants
Bidding
rounds Capacity
allocated
(MW)
Number of
Projects
Window 1 - -
Window 2 14.3 2
Window 3 - -
Window 4 5 1
Total 19.3 MW 3
Neusberg 10 MW Kakamas Small Hydro
Ref. HydroSA
Ref. htxt.co.za
Ref. aurecongroup.com
Stortemelk 4.3 MW Clarens Small Hydro
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