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The Origin of Mass inParticle Physics
Lecture VII : Higgs Properties &
Experimental Searches
60th Compton Lectures
Ambreesh Gupta
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The hero is the president of the Astrophysics Society, the only person ever to winthree Nobel prizes. He stands at night on the beach, legs planted wide, shaking his
fist at the jeweled blackness of the sky. Anointed by his humanity, aware of
mankinds most powerful achievements, he shouts at the Universe above the
grounds of crashing waves I have created you. You are the product of my mind
my vision and my invention. It is I who provide you with reason, with purpose, with
beauty.
A fuzzy swirling light appears in the sky, and a beam of radiance illuminates our
man-on-the-beach. To the solemn climactic chords of Bach B Minor Mass, or
perhaps the piccolo solo of Stravinskys Rites, the light in the sky slowly
configures itself into Her face, smiling, but with an expression of infinite sweet
sadness.- The God Particle
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Readout Channels
Inner Detector
140 Million Channels
Calorimeter230,000 Channels
Muon Detectors
1.2 Million Channels
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Challenges of LHC Computing
SCALE: more than 3 petabytes of raw data per year;
approximately 10 petabytes data total per year COMPLEXITY: an order of magnitude more readout
channels than earlier experiments
DISTRIBUTION: more than 2000 physicists around theglobe; at least 2/3 of computing resources will be outsidethe host laboratory
10 PB/yearw/reconstruction,
Simulation &
calibration200 events/second
1.6 MB event (raw)
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GRID: To Manage Resources and Data
Database serverreplicasdeployment for
ATLAS DC2Grid flavors
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Standard Model : Very Well Tested
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Final Picture of Nature?
Indirect evidence of Higgs115 < mH < 200 GeV
Interaction with Higgs Field
should give particles theirmasses. . .
This is an all pervading field
which has non zero value in
vacuumoriginated at the
Big Bang. . .
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We know the particles, We know the forces
Standard Model of is a highly successful description
Is there anything to worry about?
Not from experimental point of view!
Conceptually there are problems foreseen. BUT, this is Verydifferent situation from turn of last century, when experiments
were seeing anomalies that needed explanation.
When Coleridge tried to define beauty, he returned to one deepthought: beauty he said, is unity in variety. Science is nothing else
than the search to discover unity in wild variety of nature, of more
exactly, in the variety of our own experience.
- The God Particle
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Grand Unified TheoriesThe strength of forces depend on the energy
Coupling Constants
Strong 1
Electromagnetic 10-2
Weak 10-6
Gravity 10-39
GUT unify Strong and Electroweak forces at 1016 GeV. (GUT Scale)
Predicts Proton Should decay with a lifetime of 1031 years or more.
(Lifetime of Universe 1011 years)
Observe 10 ton of water (1033 protons)No evidence of proton decay
( lifetime > 1033 years)
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Planck Scale
At the length at which classical ideas of gravity cease to work
Planck length lP = f(h,GN,c) = 10-35m;
Planck Mass MP = 1019 GeV (10-5 gm!)
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Hierarchy Problem
If these scale (GUT and Planck)
- The Higgs will become massive with higherenergies as it couples to more particles in vacuum.
Possible, but fine tuning of Standard Model Parameters
Hierarchy Problem: Why these very different scales?
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SuperSymmetry
Unifies matter particles (lepton & quarks)
with force carriers (photon, gluon,W/Z)
SUSY solves hierarchy problem
e.g., W makes Higgs mass grow while its
superpartner makes it lesscancellation!
SUSY makes all the couplings converge
At one value - unification
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One trackreconstruted
in Muonchambers
Two tracksreconstructed
in InnerDetector
A typical event.
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Same event:
longitudinal view
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Events for 10 fb-1 signalbackground
(GeV))(jetpEM4
1i
iT
miss
Teff
Tevatron reach
ET(j1) > 80 GeVETmiss > 80 GeV
signalEvents for 10 fb-1 background
(GeV))(jetpEM4
1i
iT
miss
Teff
ATLFAST
Peak position correlated to MSUSY ))g~(m),q~((mmin
Observing SUSY on ATLAS
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Extra Dimensions
What if Planck scale was much lower than 1019 GeV i.e.,
Gravity became Strong at lower energies?
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Where are the extra Dimensions?
They could be compactified
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Observing the effect at Collider Detectors
Real and virtual Gravitons would be produced
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Signatures at ATLAS experiment
Monitoring the
missing energy in
the detector gives
a powerful signature
Present experimental
limits say scale of extradimension ~ 2 TeV
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Black Hole Production and Decay at ATLAS