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HUBUNGAN TONSILITIS KRONIK HIPERTROFI DENGAN PRESTASI

BELAJAR PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI BEGALON 2

SURAKARTA SKRIPSI

Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan

Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Kedokteran

Agusta Christin Adela

G0015011 FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET

Surakarta

2019

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library.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id NAMA JURNAL VOL./NO./BULAN/TAHUN (DIKOSONGKAN) v ABSTRAK

Agusta Christin Adela, G0015011, 2019. Hubungan Tonsilitis Kronik Hipertrofi Dengan Prestasi Belajar Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Negeri Begalon 2 Surakarta. Latar Belakang: Kejadian ISPA di Indonesia masih merupakan penyebab tersering morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak. Berdasarkan data epidemiologi penyakit THT di tujuh provinsi di Indonesia, prevalensi penyakit tonsilitis kronik 3,8% tertinggi kedua setelah nasofaringitis akut 4,6%. Anak yang menderita tonsilitis kronik dapat mengalami penurunan kualitas hidup akibat gangguan fisiologis dan psikologis yang muncul. Penurunan kualitas hidup pada anak dapat terlihat dari penurunan prestasi belajar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tonsilitis kronik hipertrofi dengan prestasi belajar pada siswa sekolah dasar negeri Begalon 2 Surakarta. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas 4 dan 5 SDN Begalon 2 Surakarta. Penelitian dengan jumlah sampel 38 siswa kelas 4 dan 5 SDN Begalon 2 Surakarta yang sudah memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengisian kuesioner gejala tonsilitis untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya gangguan fisiologis dan pemeriksaan THT untuk keadaan tenggorok, telinga maupun hidung. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan bantuan SPSS menggunakan Uji Chi-Square dan Koefisien Kontingensi.

Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan distribusi sampel berdasarkan usia dan jenis kelamin yang terbanyak berturut-turut yaitu 11 tahun 52,6% dan perempuan 55,3%. Sebanyak 68,4% memiliki tonsilitis kronik hipertrofi dan 31,6% non tonsilitis kronik hipertrofi. Terdapat hubungan antara tonsilitis kronik hipertrofi dengan prestasi seluruh mata pelajaran belajar pada siswa sekolah dasar negeri Begalon 2 Surakarta dengan uji analisis Chi-square. ( p= 0,001; CI= 0,007-0,257; C= 0,575)

Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara tonsilitis kronik hipertrofi dengan prestasi belajar pada siswa sekolah dasar negeri Begalon 2 Surakarta.

Kata Kunci: tonsilitis kronik hipertrofi, prestasi belajar.

library.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id NAMA JURNAL VOL./NO./BULAN/TAHUN (DIKOSONGKAN) vi ABSTRACT

Agusta Christin Adela, G0015011, 2019. The Correlation Between Chronic Hypertrophic Tonsillitis With Student’s Academic Performance In Begalon 2 Surakarta Elementary School. Background: The incidence of ARI in Indonesia is still the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Based on epidemiological data on ENT disease from seven provinces in Indonesia, the prevalence of chronic tonsillitis was the second highest 3.8% after acute nasopharyngitis 4.6%. Children who suffer from chronic tonsillitis can experience a decrease in quality of life due to physiological and psychological disorders. Declining quality of life in children can be seen from a decrease in academic performance. The aim of this study was to know the correlation between hypertrophic chronic tonsillitis and academic performance in Begalon 2 Surakarta elementary school students. Methods: This research was an observational analytic study with cross sectional approach. The subjects of this study were students of 4th dan 5th grades in Begalon 2 Surakarta Elementary School. The samples were 38 students of grades 4th dan 5th who have fulfilled inclusion criteria. The data were collected by answering tonsillitis symptoms questionnaire to assess the symptoms of tonsillitis and ENT examination to assess the state of ears, nose, throat. Data were analyzed statistically with SPSS by Chi-Square and Contingency Coefficient. Results: The results of this study showed that the sample distribution based on the most age and sex consecutively. 52,6% were 11 years old students and 55,3% were female students. 68,4% had chronic hypertrophic tonsillitis and 31,6% had no chronic hypertrophic tonsillitis. There was correlation between chronic hypertrophic tonsillitis with student’s academic performance proven by The Chi-Square analysis test. ( p= 0,001; CI= 0,007-0,257; C= 0,575).

Conclusions: There was a significant correlation between chronic hypertrophic tonsillitis with student’s academic performance in Begalon 2 Surakarta elementary school. Keywords: chronic hypertrophic tonsillitis, academic performance

library.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id NAMA JURNAL VOL./NO./BULAN/TAHUN (DIKOSONGKAN)

library.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id ix DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Skema Kerangka Pemikiran…………………………………… 23

Gambar 2. Rancangan Penelitian…………..……………………………….28

Gambar 3. Prosedur Penelitian……………………………………………. 29

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viii DAFTAR ISI

PRAKATA .......................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR TABEL .............................................................................................. ix DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... x DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... xi BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1

A. Latar Belakang Masalah .......................................................................... 1 B. Perumusan Masalah ................................................................................. 3 C. Tujuan Penelitian ..................................................................................... 3 D. Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................... 3

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ............................................................................ 4 A. Tinjauan Pustaka....................................................................................... 4

1. Tonsil ................................................................................................. 5 2. Tonsilitis ............................................................................................. 11 3. Tonsilitis Kronik ................................................................................ 12 4. Prestasi Belajar ................................................................................... 17 5. Hubungan Tonsilitis Kronik Hipertrofi Dengan Prestasi Belajar ....... 20

B. Kerangka Pemikiran ................................................................................ 23 C. Hipotesis ................................................................................................... 23

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 24 A. Jenis Penelitian ........................................................................................ 24 B. Lokasi Penelitian ..................................................................................... 24 C. Subjek Penelitian ..................................................................................... 24 D. Teknik Sampling ...................................................................................... 24 E. Besar Sampel ........................................................................................... 25 F. Identifikasi Variabel ................................................................................ 26 G. Definisi Operasional Variabel ................................................................. 26 H. Rancangan Penelitian .............................................................................. 28 I. Instrumen Penelitian ................................................................................ 28 J. Prosedur Penelitian ................................................................................... 28 K. Analisis Hasil ........................................................................................... 29

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN ......................................................................... 30 A. Subjek Penelitian ..................................................................................... 30 B. Hasil Penelitian ......................................................................................... 30

BAB V PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................... 37 BAB VI PENUTUP ........................................................................................... 43

A. Simpulan ................................................................................................... 43 B. Saran ......................................................................................................... 43

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 44 LAMPIRAN

library.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id ix DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1 Distribusi Frekuensi dan Presentase Usia, Jenis Kelamin, Ukuran

Tonsil ……...................................................................................... 31

Tabel 2 Distribusi Nilai Rerata Prestasi Belajar per-Kelas………………... 32

Tabel 3 Hubungan Tonsilitis Kronik Hipertrofi dengan Prestasi Belajar

Seluruh Mata Pelajaran…………………………………………… 33

Tabel 4 Hubungan Tonsilitis Kronik Hipertrofi dengan Prestasi Belajar Mata

Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia ………………………………...……...34

Tabel 5 Hubungan Tonsilitis Kronik Hipertrofi dengan Prestasi Belajar Mata

Pelajaran Matematika ……………………………………………..35

Tabel 6 Hubungan Tonsilitis Kronik Hipertrofi dengan Prestasi Belajar Mata

Pelajaran PPKN ………………………………………….………..36